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Buzzacott, Peter Lee. "Diving injuries amongst Western Australian scuba course graduates." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0096.
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[Truncated abstract] Introduction, Little is known about the prevalence of post-course diving injuries amongst Western Australian recreational divers, nor is it known which risk factors affect the Western Australian diver’s likelihood of sustaining a diving injury. Objective, The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of diving-related injuries amongst Western Australians with varying experience since certification as entry-level divers within Western Australia (WA). Specifically, the study compared divers’ experience, behaviour and equipment with their diving injury history. It was hypothesised that diving experience has an effect upon the likelihood of a certified diver suffering any of the diving injuries most commonly reported amongst international diving populations. In addition, the strength of association between diving injuries and other potential risk factors was measured amongst certified Western Australian divers. Methods, A cross sectional survey of Western Australians, whom had completed a recognized entry-level recreational scuba diving course within WA, formed the basis of the study. Diver training facilities within WA posted a four-page questionnaire to divers they had trained to entry-level within the previous six years. The self-administered questionnaire collected data describing the divers’ post-course participation in scuba diving, injury prevalence during the last year, demographic characteristics and prevalence of known or hypothesized diving injury risk factors ... Conclusion, In this study diving experience, measured by the number of dives made during the previous year and the total number of dives made since certification, has not been found associated with the likelihood of reporting having suffered at least one diving injury of any type whilst diving during the previous year. Whilst the limited response rate and self-reporting methodology threaten the validity of the findings of this study, the findings improve our understanding of the type of diving injuries commonly suffered by divers, and of which risk factors are associated with a diver’s likelihood of suffering a diving related injury within WA. These findings may assist the design of further diving injury research, ultimately leading to the design of diving safety interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of diving injuries amongst Western Australian recreational divers.
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Jain, Dhruv S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Immersive scuba diving simulator using virtual reality." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106054.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 75-79).
We present Amphibian, a simulator to experience scuba diving virtually in a terrestrial setting. Amphibian is novel because it simulates a wider variety of sensations experienced underwater compared with to existing diving simulators that mostly focus on visual and aural displays. Users rest their torso on a motion platform to feel buoyancy. Their outstretched arms and legs are placed in a suspended harness to simulate drag as they swim. An Oculus Rift head-mounted display (HMD) and a pair of headphones delineate the visual and auditory ocean scene. Additional senses simulated in Amphibian are breathing-induced motion, temperature changes, and tactile feedback through various sensors. Twelve experienced divers compared Amphibian to real-life scuba diving. We analyzed the system factors that influenced the users' sense of being there while using our simulator. We present future user interface improvements for enhancing immersion in Virtual reality diving simulators.
by Dhruv Jain.
S.M.
3
Ho, Wai-ting. "Diving Paradise-Scuba Diving Centre at Hoi Ha Wan." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2594745x.
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Ozyurt, Deniz. "Effects Of Scuba Diving On Middle Ear Pressure." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607207/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
EFFECTS OF SCUBA DIVING ON MIDDLE EAR PRESSURE
Özyurt, Deniz MS. Department of Physical Education and Sports Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Feza Korkusuz Co-Supervisor: Dr. Mehmet Ö
zekmekç
i April 2006, 42 pages Since
the self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) was developed
the growth in the recreational diving population leaded an increase in diving-related injuries, mostly about the ear barotraumas. Previous findings show that inexperienced divers are more predisposed to ear barotraumas. This study was performed to see the dive related alterations of the middle ear pressure and the compliance of the tympanic membrane due to experience (experienced - skin divers and/or underwater rugby players and inexperienced -not use to skin diving or such water sports) and depth (3m and 12m) in 22 novice divers with normal pre-dive audiometry, tympanometry, and otorhinolaryngologic examination. Pre dive otologic inspections were taken and pre dive / post dive tympanograms were measured for each depth. In 8 ears of the 5 inexperienced divers either hyperemia or hemotympany were observed in the second day&
#8217
s (12m) otoscopic inspections. In the first post dive tympanometric measurements
middle ear pressure changes were observed in 19 ears of 14 divers. The compliance was not changed in 5 ears of 3 divers and increased in the reminder. In the second tympanometric measurements, 12 ears of the 8 divers showed negative middle ear pressure and compliance was not changed in 10 ears of 5 divers and increased in the reminder. Due to experience and middle ear pressure changes of each day
no meaningful, statistically significant correlation was found. Also no meaningful correlations were found neither for experience and compliance. A correlation of .542 between experience status and otologic inspection prior to 12m depth dives was a contradiction to the hypothesis there would not be any significant difference between experienced and well trained inexperienced groups as the otologic variations such as hyperemia or hemotympany were only seen in inexperienced novices. Again
the correlation of .571 showed that 3m depth dives had grater frequency of middle ear pressure changes than 12m depth dives. Similarly
due to the compliance correlation of .516, 3m depth dives had a grater frequency of compliance increases than 12m depth dives. These results however should be reconsidered as the 3m depth was the first open water dive day and 12m depth was the next day which the novices could use to the open water conditions.
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Armstrong, M. E. "Smoking and risk taking in recreational SCUBA divers." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1380402/.
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SCUBA diving is inherently dangerous. Anecdotal reports suggest that risks may be exacerbated by diver behaviour, particularly tobacco smoking. This thesis reports findings from an internet survey of tobacco use, health and attitudes to risk taking conducted amongst UK members of the Professional Association of Diving Instructors in 2006. The main aims of the study were to assess smoking prevalence and factors associated with tobacco use compared to the UK population and to explore the health impact of smoking on divers, to determine the need for prevention measures in this group. After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, divers’ cigarette smoking prevalence (p<0.001) and consumption (p<0.001) were found to be lower than the UK population, although non-cigarette smoking prevalence was higher (p<0.001). Everyday risk taking scores were significantly associated with cigar or pipe use (p = 0.037) and higher cigarette consumption (p = 0.046) and dependence (p = 0.011) in current smokers. Divers with a professional recreational diving qualification who currently smoked had higher cigarette consumption (p = 0.001) and dependence (p = 0.001) compared with their non-professionally qualified peers. Recreational SCUBA divers were less likely to report poor general health than the UK population, but current cigarette smoking was significantly associated with poorer self-assessed health in divers (p = 0.006) after controlling for socio-demographic factors. After adjustment for confounding variables, current cigarette smoking was significantly associated with the occurrence of panic attacks (p = 0.014), which was significantly associated with lung problems (p = 0.016), and cigarette consumption was significantly associated with the frequency of diving-related illness (p = 0.037). In conclusion, although cigarette smoking prevalence and daily cigarette consumption were significantly lower in divers compared with the UK population, both were found to be associated with poorer health in important ways.
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Helies, Frank C. "Factors promoting retention and attrition rates of college and shop certified SCUBA divers /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148726191911102.
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Du, Preez Mirike. "Constructing safety in scuba diving a discursive psychology study /." Diss., Pretoria : [S.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09122005-152019/.
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King, Carina Chern-Chern. "Means-end analysis and values the recreational scuba consumer /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297097.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 2007.Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 25, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0749. Adviser: Douglas H. Knapp.
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何偉廷 and Wai-ting Ho. "Diving Paradise-Scuba Diving Centre at Hoi Ha Wan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31983881.
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Iannone, Louis. "The aqua-dock : a portable, submergible scuba diving platform /." Online version of thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11168.
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Tapsuwan, Sorada. "Valuing the willingness to pay for environmental conservation and management : a case study of scuba diving levies in Mu Ko Similan Marine National Park, Thailand /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19162.pdf.
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Vlahakis, Catherine. "Scuba local universe galaxy survey : dust along the Hubble sequence." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55991/.
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This thesis presents new results from the SCUBA Local Universe Galaxy Survey (SLUGS) the optically-selected sample. SLUGS is the first large systematic submillimetre survey of the local Universe, and was carried out with the SCUBA camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Since SCUBA is sensitive to the 90% of dust too cold to radiate significantly in the IRAS bands this new sample, taken from the Center for Astrophysics (CfA) optical redshift survey (Huchra et al. 1983) and hence selected on the basis of optical emission alone, represents the first unbiased survey of dust in galaxies along the whole length of the Hubble sequence. There is little change found in the properties of dust in galaxies along the Hubble sequence, except a marginally significant trend for early-type galaxies to be less luminous submillimetre sources than late-types. Nevertheless, 6 out of 11 elliptical galaxies were detected, although some of the emission may possibly be synchrotron rather than dust emission. The IRAS and submillimetre fluxes are found to be well-fitted by a two-component dust model with dust emissivity index fi=2. The ratio of the mass of cold dust to the mass of warm dust is found to be much higher for the optically-selected galaxies than found for the previous IRAS-selected SLUGS sample (Dunne et al. 2000 Dunne & Eales 2001), and can reach values of 1000. Comparison of the results for the IRAS- and optically-selected samples shows that there is a population of galaxies containing a large proportion of cold dust that is unrepresented in the IRAS sample. Local submillimetre luminosity and dust mass functions are derived, both directly from the optically-selected SLUGS sample, and by extrapolation from the IRAS PSCz survey using the method of Serjeant & Harrison (2005) (by extrapolating the spectral energy distributions of the IRAS PSCz survey galaxies out to 850 /zm we probe a wider range of luminosities than probed directly by the SLUGS samples), and excellent agreement is found between the two. They are found to be well-fitted by Schechter functions except at the highest luminosities. As a consequence of the omission of cold galaxies from the IRAS sample the previous //i45-selected luminosity function is found to be too low by a factor of 2, reducing the amount of cosmic evolution required between the low-z and high-z universe. Finally, the results of the OS SLUGS are used to assess the reliability of the Carilli & Yun (1999, 2000a) radio-submillimetre redshift estimator technique, for the first time using a sample of 'normal' local galaxies.
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Erickson, R. Scott, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "Effects of a hypertext-based simulation in high school scuba instruction." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 1993, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/58.
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A study was conducted to investigate the effects of a hypertext - based computer simulation on the knowledge, skills and attitudes of students participating in a high school scuba program in Edmonton, Alberta. The study compared two groups of students: one which used the simulation as a supplementary (laboratory-type) activity, and another which was taught using traditional methods. The two groups received an equal amount of instrutional time. The simulation and non-simulation groups were found to be equilvalent at the beginning of the study with respect to age, gender, previous diving experience, previous computer experience, attitude
toward computers and attitude toward diving. After instruction, the simulation and non-simulation groups were examined for differences with respect to knowledge, attitudes and behaviour, using the following measurement
instruments: Knowledge: Marks from students' certification examinations were used as a measure of general diving knowledge. Attitudes: Students were post-surveyed for attitudes toward diving using a locally developed attitude scale. Behavior: Students were evaluated using a locally developed skills assessment to determine their degree of proficiency at out-of-air emergency skills. Reliability estimates for the locally developed instruments were .86, .88 and .93 for the diving attitude, computer attitude and out-of-air skills instruments, respectively. A series of t-test comparisons revealed no significant differences (p<.05) between simulation and non-simulation groups with respect to knowledge, skills and attitudes. The relationships between knowledge, skills and attitudes were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient, and a significant (p<.01) positive correlation was found between the knowledge and skill measures, with r=0.69. A "diversion index" (DI=# of non-ideal cards in attempt/total # of cards in attempt) was calculated for each attempt made by each student on each of the scenarios. A pattern in diversion indices was revealed, and generalized into a model consisting of four stages: discovery, refinement, solution and exploration. This model is suggested as one way students may approach simulation learning. Six volunteers were interviewed to determine students' opinions regarding the effects of the simulation. Students stated that the simulation helped with the development of in-depth knowledge about out-of-air emergencies, but not with the development of out-of-air emergency skills. Students said that they liked the simulation and enjoyed using it. Implications of the study are discussed with emphasis on research methodology, diver education, and environmental education, and a number of suggestions for future research are offered.xi, 142 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.
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Sabin, Lawrence. "Study of planetary nebulae in the galactic plane : IPHAS and SCUBA." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500485.
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Duncan, James P. "Investigating scuba divers' attitudes to sustainable shipwreck diving in North Carolina." Thesis, East Carolina University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1598171.
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This study examined the ways in which NC scuba divers identify sustainable shipwreck diving activities to gain a better understanding of how their behavior impacts sustainable cultural tourism on the coast of North Carolina. The information collected by this study revealed the norms of respondents regarding how human activities affect the sustainability of submerged maritime archaeological sites. This was done by comparing diver characteristic variables in relation to attitudes regarding a multitude of sustainable shipwreck diving activities as they were defined by previous literature (Stone 1996; McCarthy 2000; Jewell 2004; Edney 2006). Results concluded that divers that belong to archaeological organizations tended to define sustainable diving activities as the literature does. The most experienced divers not a member of these groups tend to disagree with the literature when it comes to identifying sustainable diving activities.
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Brown, Kevin. "A Deep Diver's Becoming." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40424.
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When scuba diving under a physical overhead such as a cave, a mine, a shipwreck, or under a virtual overhead due to decompression requirements, it makes it impossible to safely access the surface in the event of an emergency. Therefore, diving with overhead is often described as technical diving. In this research, I address how technical divers in Outaouais, Quebec, practice this risky sport with unforgiving consequences. Based on fieldwork in Outaouais, I focus on divers, including myself, who perform trimix dives deeper than 200 feet. I argue that the process of becoming a deep diver is a lifelong journey where a diver learns to adapt to a milieu hostile to human life. The basic skills are acquired during classes to ensure that a novice diver will survive in this limit-environment. As divers bend the rules and take more risks to go deeper for longer lengths of time, they will go through a series of limit-experiences and near misses that are essential to their development and found to be regenerative. In turn, those limit-experiences and near-miss events shared with teammates create mutual trust. It is this trust that becomes the foundation of the team and allows the team to improve upon existing techniques and increase the depth and difficulty of their dives.
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Pieterse, Izabelle. "The hearing abilities and middle ear functioning of the recreational scuba diver." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09112007-080225.
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Kler, Balvinder Kaur. "Sub-aquatic meanings : a phenomenological study of scuba divers' experience of place." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/794562/.
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Yuspeh, Emmy. "Havelock in India as an Emerging SCUBA Diving Destination : Challenges and Opportunities." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387616.
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This qualitative field study is conducted on the Andaman Islands in India and focuses on the sustainable destination development and SCUBA diving tourism. The island in focus, Havelock, is an emerging tourist destination and an international airport is scheduled to open in the Andamans in 2021. The topic is approached through observation and interviews with people involved with the SCUBA diving industry, selected informants, and diving tourists. Different scales that operate with the island’s development - global, national, regional and local - are investigated. Global warming poses a threat to the coral reefs that is the main resource for tourism at the location and the longterm residents’ education in the subject is absent. The communication between state and nation is a problem as laws are passed without participation or awareness from the local community which makes it difficult for businessowners to invest. Furthermore, diver motivation and satisfaction are investigated. The main motivation of beginner level diving tourists from India are not educated in how the underwater world looks like, but are motivated to see what they already know through movies like “Finding Nemo”. The study reveals that a degraded coral reef does not affect diver satisfaction where the divers are not educated in how a healthy reef looks like. The local Marine Protected Area - Rani Jhansi Marine National Park - is in 2019 funded by the government and there are currently no entrance fees for diving tourists. However, this has been proved successful in other destinations. The Marine Protected Area is perceived as positive by the local SCUBA industry, but it is not interacting with its regulation and governing.
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Bloor, Isobel. "The ecology, distribution and spawning behaviour of the commercially important common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) in the inshore waters of the English Channel." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1494.
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Over the last 50 years there has been a rapid increase in global landings of cephalopods (octopus, squid and cuttlefish). In European waters, cuttlefish are among the most important commercial cephalopod resources and within the North-East Atlantic, the English Channel supports the largest cuttlefish fishery, with the common cuttlefish, Sepia o cinalis (Linnaeus, 1758), dominating landings. S. o cinalis has a short (2 year) life cycle in the English Channel that is punctuated by seasonal migrations inshore and o shore. Using a combination of di erent métiers including beam trawling, otter trawling and coastal trapping, this shared fisheries resource is targeted at nearly every phase of the life cycle. Despite this continuing increase there remain only minimal management measures in place, with no quotas, no total allowable catches, no closed areas, no minimal landing size and no routine assessment of stocks. In order to provide sustainable fisheries management advice for S. o cinalis populations it is essential that a thorough understanding of the ecology and life history of this species, in particular the factors a ecting spawning and recruitment variability, is attained.In this thesis, I examine critical gaps in our understanding of the distribution, movements, habitat use and behaviours of spawning and sub-adult S. o cinalis. This research provides baseline data for this species within the inshore waters of the English Channel and uses a combination of novel field-based electronic tracking techniques, in situ subtidal observations of spawning patterns within natural environments and presence-only species distribution modelling. A maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modelling approach was used to predict the distribution of benthic egg clusters using presence-only data. The model showed very good performance in terms of predictive power and accuracy (test area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUC] = 0.909) and among the explanatory variables used to build the model, depth (gain = 1.17), chlorophyll-a concentration (used here as a proxy for turbidity; gain = 1.06) and distance from coastline (gain = 1.02) were shown to be the greatest determining factors for the distribution of S. o cinalis spawning. As part of the model output, maps (logistic and binary) of the predicted spawning distribution of S. o cinalis within the English Channel were produced.Subtidal observation were undertaken at spawning grounds on both the North and South coast of the English Channel to investigate spawning habitat and structure use. A total of 15 types of natural spawning structures were identified. The range of spawning structures used varied among sites with Zostera marina identified as the dominant spawning structure at two of the UK sites (Torbay and Poole Bay), potentially indicating a ‘preference’ for this structure within localities. Fractal dimension analysis of the seagrass beds at Torbay revealed that the spatial dynamics of seagrass beds within this site varied significantly between 2011 and 2012 (Mann- Whitney U: Z = 4.92, P < 0.0001) as a result of both anthropogenic and natural disturbance. Interannual changes in the spatial dynamics of these beds could a ect the annual pattern and intensity of spawning at a site. The use of structures with small diameters was found to occur, with cuttlefish adapting the device to their requirements by utilising multiple leaves or thalli in order to achieve a suitable diameter for egg attachment, this was evident in their use of both Chorda filum and Z. marina.This research also provided the first data on the fine-scale movements and behaviours of adult and sub-adult individuals, tracked within their natural environments, using electronic tagging methodologies. That expected patterns of short-term spawning site fidelity at a local level were observed in only two individuals, whilst larger scale movements (up to 35 km) along the coastline were observed in three individuals, indicated that a range of behaviours and movement patterns could occur among spawning adults. Similarly varied patterns of site fidelity were also observed in tagged sub-adults, tracked over an extended period (up to 73 days), using a static acoustic array. These results highlight the complex range of patterns and plasticity in behaviour that exist within natural populations.In summary, a series of di erent approaches was used within this thesis in an e ort to improve our understanding of the fine-scale movement, behaviours and habitat use of S. o cinalis (in both spawning adults and non spawning sub-adults), as well as their potential spawning distribution within the inshore waters of the English Channel. Observing the movements and behaviours of small marine animals like S. o cinalis in their natural environments has traditionally been di cult. Recent developments in technologies and techniques however, including those used within this thesis (e.g. electronic tagging), have highlighted the potential capacity of novel tools to monitor the in situ movements and behaviour of cuttlefish. By providing important insights into the ecology of this species these new tools can aid conservation and management advice for this important commercial fishery species, both within the English Channel and further afield.
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Seymour, Kiéra Danielle. "The perceived value of scuba diving tourists at a marina destination / Kiéra Seymour." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9835.
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Tourism activities set in coastal and marine environments have evolved far beyond the traditional passive leisure experiences of the classic resort holiday. While the traditional beach holiday remains a contemporary mass tourism phenomenon. Marine tourism now extends far beyond beach activities to a wide spread spectrum of activities including scuba diving with over 20 million certified divers worldwide. The tourism product carries both the characteristics of the service product and the characteristics unique to the tourism industry, which makes the tourism product different from physical/ tangible goods. Therefore tourism destinations involve a multiple of industries (e.g. hospitality, transportation, entertainment) that contribute through their value-added activities to the overall competitive position in the marketplace. Tourism value can be seen as a combination of a product’s (destination’s) perceived quality and associated price which a visitor will summarize as the value received. Value in tourism has been seen as a definite option to improve a destination’s competitive edge. Tourism development is about adding value in a way that is consistent with market demand. As tourism value is created within the destination it holds various benefits including that destinations will achieve high market growth and hence become more competitive due to successful value-added programmes. Destinations are winning competitive battles by careful analysis and response to the core values and needs of the segmented travel marketplace.
This study was based on four distinct value dimensions developed by Sweeney and Soutar (2001:211) that are termed emotional, social, quality/ performance and price/ value for money. Sweeney and Soutar’s model (2001:211) was examined to determine its appropriateness for an intangible product in the service sector namely scuba diving. Two modifications to Sweeney and Soutar’s model (2001:211) were required for this study. The modifications which were used in this study included perceived risk value which was introduced by Hall, Robertson and Shaw (2001:350) and epistemic value developed by Sheth, Norman and Gross (1991:160).
The primary goal of this dissertation was to determine the perceived value of scuba diving tourists at a marine destination. A literature study was undertaken to contextualise Marine Tourism and perceived value since a review of existing literature on perceived value provides insight as to why the value concept is so crucial for the success of marketing researchers. Thereafter an empirical study was undertaken to obtain relevant data for analysis. A nonprobability sampling method namely convenience sampling was used to conduct the survey due to the absence of a structured list of divers visiting Sodwana Bay during this time. A destination-based survey was undertaken at Sodwana Bay from the 29th of March to the 8th of April 2012. Five hundred (500) self-administered surveys where distributed by field workers among scuba divers who were available and willing to complete the questionnaire. Of the 500 questionnaires distributed a total of 402 were completed and could be used for collation of data. Microsoft™ Office™ Excel 2007 was used to capture the data, which was then statistically analysed and processed by means of descriptive statistics using the SPSS 20.0 programme. More specifically, factor analysis and ANOVAs were done to analyse the value created. In order to achieve the goal, the study was divided into two articles.
Article 1 aimed to determine the perceived value of a tourism experience, in this case for the scuba diving tourists at a marine destination, namely Sodwana Bay. Results revealed that the demographic profile of the scuba divers, are middle aged Afrikaans speaking men who are well educated, earn a high income, and originate from Gauteng. To examine the factors underlying the value scale, a principle axis factor analysis with oblique rotation (direct oblimin) was undertaken. The twenty-two factor aspects yielded five factors with eigen values greater than 1.0. These factors explained 64% of the variance and were labelled: ‘Emotional value’, ‘Functional value’, ‘Social value’, ‘Perceived risk value’ and ‘Epistemic value’. Twenty-one aspects had loadings of over 0.418, with only one item having a factor loading of 0.251. With the highest mean (3.43) Epistemic value revealed that respondents consider curiosity, acquiring knowledge, providing novelty and broadening knowledge as key in a valued experience. Reliability (Cronbach’s α) was computed to verify the internal consistency of aspects with each factor. All factors with a Cronbach Alpha above 0.63 were deemed acceptable for the purposes of this exploratory study. Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (p<0.001) and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure sampling adequacy (KMO) was 0.874, which are acceptable for the purpose of this study.
Article 2 aimed to determine the factors which influence perceived tourism values of scuba divers at a marine destination, namely Sodwana Bay. To achieve this, ANOVAs were developed and correlations were drawn between age, gender, province, income, level of education, marital status, number of times dived, number of nights stayed in the area, travel group size and media (including, websites, shows, friends, radio, T.V., magazines, previous visits and social networks such as Facebook and Twitter). Correlations were discovered between language, province, marital status, income and media (including, websites, shows, friends, radio, T.V., Magazines, Previous visits and Social Networks such as Facebook and Twitter). The perceived values which were rated highest in each case were emotional value, perceived risk value and perceived functional value.
Since this is the first study of its kind in South Africa, it can benefit marine destinations all across the country. The perceived values which were rated highest in both articles should be of high priority in marketing efforts for marine destinations, especially where scuba diving activities are taking place. Assessing and understanding these values will help scuba diving destinations to gain a competitive advantage and provide a more tailor-made product which will improve the value experienced. It is recommended that this study is repeated at other diving sites and also various other tourism products to determine difference and/or similarities between tourism values. Marketing strategies can be utilized through the identification of these and various other values which will improve current marketing efforts.Thesis (MA (Tourism Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Garcia, Tatiane Martins. "Macrofauna associada a Millepora alcicornis Linnaeus, 1758 (CnidÃria: Hydrozoa) em Ãreas sobre diferentes nÃveis de influÃncia do turismo subaquÃtico na Ãrea de proteÃÃo ambiental estadual dos recifes de coral (RN)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3288.
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O hidrÃide calcÃrio do gÃnero Mil/epora ocorre em regiÃes tropicais de todo o planeta como um componente regular dos recifes de coral. MilÃporas sÃo encontradas em profundidades menores que 1 atà 40 m. Os corais vivos criam uma sÃrie rica de habitats para um grande nÃmero de espÃcies fornecendo substrato para os organismos sedentÃrios e alimento ou abrigo para os organismos mÃveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e quantificar toda a macrofauna encontrada em colÃnias de Mil/epora a/cicornis na Ãrea de ProteÃÃo Estadual dos Recifes de Coral (RN). As 26 amostras foram coletadas manualmente atravÃs de mergulho autÃnomo, em profundidades de 1 a 3 m. No perÃodo de julho e novembro de 2004 e fevereiro de 2005, as colÃnias foram envolvidas por sacos plÃsticos e, em seguida, extraÃdas do substrato com o auxÃlio de martelo e talhadeira. Posteriormente, as amostras foram fixadas com formalina 4%. No laboratÃrio, as colÃnias foram analisadas para a retirada dos epibiontes e, em seguida, cuidadosamente fragmentadas para a remoÃÃo da fauna perfurante. Foram registrados 1.234 indivÃduos e 95 espÃcies de organismos nÃo coloniais dos grupos Crustacea, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Nemertea, Polychaeta e Sipuncula, e 86 colÃnias e 26 espÃcies de organismos coloniais dos tÃxons Cnidaria, Porifera e Tunicata. Os crustÃceos apresentaram o maior nÃmero de indivÃduos e espÃcies, seguidos por poliquetas e moluscos. Segundo coeficiente de correlaÃÃo de Spearman, o nÃmero de indivÃduos e espÃcies dos organismos nÃo coloniais associados aumenta com o crescimento da colÃnia. Em relaÃÃo à fauna colonial, os tunicados possuÃram maior nÃmero de colÃnias e os porÃferas, maior nÃmero de espÃcies. A epifauna dos grupos coloniais e nÃo coloniais foi mais numerosa que a endofauna. ComparaÃÃes entre milÃporas e corais escleractÃnios podem ser traÃadas devido a uma possÃvel convergÃncia funcional desses tÃxons. à possÃvel supor que as associaÃÃes com corais nÃo dependem exclusivamente da espÃcie hospedeira, pois espÃcies distintas habitam a mesma espÃcie de coral em regiÃes diferentes. Provavelmente o substrato exerÃe papel mais importante, cujas formas promovem a formaÃÃo de habitats distintos.The limestone of the genus hidrÃide Mil / epora occurs in tropical regions around the planet as a regular component of coral reefs. MilÃporas are found at depths less than 1 to 40 m. The live coral create a rich variety of habitats for many species by providing substrate for sedentary organisms and food or shelter for the bodies moving. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify all the macrofauna found in colonies of Mil / epora a / cicornis Area of Protection of Coral Reefs of the State (RN). The 26 samples were collected manually through autonomous diving in depths from 1 to 3 m. In the period from July to November 2004 and February 2005, the colonies were surrounded by plastic bags and then extracted from the substrate with the aid of hammer and chisel. Subsequently, the samples were fixed with formalin 4%. In the laboratory, the colonies were tested for the withdrawal of epibiontes and then carefully to remove fragmented fauna Perforating. 1234 individuals were recorded and 95 species of non-colonial groups of Crustacea, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Nemertea, and Sipuncula Polychaeta, and 86 colonies and 26 species of organisms colonial taxa of Cnidaria, Porifera and Tunicata. The crustaceans had the highest number of individuals and species, followed by polychaetes and molluscs. According to Spearman correlation coefficient, the number of individuals and species of non-colonial increases associated with the growth of the colony. Regarding colonial fauna, tunicates owned the largest number of colonies and Porifera, greater number of species. The epifauna of non-colonial and colonial groups was larger that endofauna. Comparisons between milÃporas and coral escleractÃnios can be drawn due to a possible functional convergence of these taxa. You can assume that the associations with corals do not depend exclusively on the host species, as different species inhabit the same species of coral in different regions. Probably the most important role exercise substrate, which forms promote the formation of distinct habitats.
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Hollister, Matthew Ian. "SCUBA-2 instrument : an application of large-format superconducting bolometer arrays for submillimetre astronomy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3855.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis concerns technical aspects related to the design and operation of the submillimetre common-user bolometer array 2 (SCUBA-2) instrument, a new wide-field camera for submillimetre astronomy currently undergoing commissioning on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Offering unprecedented sensitivity and mapping capabilities, SCUBA-2 is expected to make a major impact in surveys of the sky at submillimetre wavelengths, a largely unexplored part of the electromagnetic spectrum, and provide better understanding of the formation and evolution of galaxies, stars and planets by providing large, unbiased samples of such objects. SCUBA-2 uses large arrays of bolometers, with superconducting transition edge sensors (TESs) as the temperature-sensitive element. TES devices are a relatively new technology, utilising the sharp resistance change between the normal and superconducting states to make a sensitive thermistor. Kilopixel arrays of such devices are multiplexed using superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). This thesis derives the key detector performance parameters, and presents analysis of engineering data to confirm the detector performance on array scales. A key issue for bolometric instruments for far infrared and submillimetre astronomy is the need to operate at extremely low temperatures in the sub-kelvin and millikelvin ranges to achieve the necessary detector sensitivity. This work describes the design, testing and performance of the liquid cryogen-free millikelvin cryostat, the first such instrument to be deployed for astronomy. Subsequent chapters detail the design and testing of a magnetic shielding scheme for the instrument, an important aspect of the operation of superconducting devices. Based on experience with the construction and testing of this instrument, a number of potential improvements for future instruments are presented and discussed.
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Cole, Andrew M. Lieutenant Commander. "Automated open circuit scuba diver detection with low cost passive sonar and machine learning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122269.
Full textAbstract:
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: S.M., Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 129-132).
This thesis evaluates automated open-circuit scuba diver detection using low-cost passive sonar and machine learning. Previous automated passive sonar scuba diver detection systems required matching the frequency of diver breathing transients to that of an assumed diver breathing frequency. Earlier work required prior knowledge of both the number of divers and their breathing rate. Here an image processing approach is used for automated diver detection by implementing a deep convolutional neural network. Image processing was chosen because it is a proven method for sonar classification by trained human operators. The system described here is able to detect a scuba diver from a single acoustic emission from the diver. Twenty dives were conducted in support of this work at the WHOI pier from October 2018 to February 2019. The system, when compared to a trained human operator, correctly classified approximately 93% of the data. When sequential processing techniques were applied, system accuracy rose to 97%. This demonstrated that a combination of low-cost, passive sonar and a properly tuned convolutional neural network can detect divers in a noisy environment to a range of at least 12.49 m (50 feet).
by Andrew M. Cole.
S.M.
S.M. Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)
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Tschapka, Michael Karl, and n/a. "Involvement, motivation and setting preferences of participants in the adventure tourism activity of SCUBA diving." University of Canberra. Languages, International Studies & Tourism, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061128.125036.
Full textAbstract:
Adventure tourism is a growing market sector worldwide including Australia. A range of
research exists that examined participation in adventure tourism activities by consideration
of various aspects such as socio-demographics, motivations, activity/setting preferences
and involvement in the activity to understand the adventure tourist. While studies have
been conducted that included several of these aspects, a holistic investigation of
involvement, motivations and setting preferences together has not been conducted
previously regarding adventure tourism in Australia in general and SCUBA diving in
particular. Furthermore, in Australia, only limited information is available about those who
participate in the adventure activity of SCUBA diving. The aim of this research is to
investigate differences and similarities of involvement, motivations and setting preferences
of SCUBA diving club members in Eastern Australia.
In this study 294 SCUBA diving club members in New South Wales and Queensland were
surveyed by utilisation of a web-based questionnaire in order to identify their involvement
in SCUBA diving, socio-demographic characteristics, participation motives and setting
preferences.
Descriptive analysis was used to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics of
divers, their motivations and setting preferences. Principal component analysis was applied
on involvement variables as well as motivations to investigate the underlying constructs.
Agglomerative and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to derive clusters of divers that
differed in their involvement in SCUBA diving. Exact Pearson chi-square tests were
conducted to test whether there were significant differences concerning sociodemographics
between clusters. In addition, analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were
conducted to determine differences and similarities of motivational components and setting
preferences between clusters.
This study found that SCUBA diving club members are a heterogeneous group regarding
their involvement in SCUBA diving. Five clusters of divers emerged that differed in their
involvement in SCUBA diving. While differences in socio-demographics across the
different involvement clusters were revealed, they proved to be less valuable for
interpretation purposes. Regarding divers� setting preferences, similar structures were
observed across all clusters regardless of differences in involvement. Motivations showed a
complex structure across the clusters in regard to divers� involvement in SCUBA diving.
Based on the studies findings, recommendations for future research were suggested. These
emphasised the need for a holistic examination of motivations and setting preferences of
adventure tourists based on the concept of involvement, which would be important for
theory development and segmentation of tourists. The same holistic approach would also
be valuable for examining other types of tourists such as events tourists and heritage
tourists to better understand tourist behaviour.
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Huber, Hanne [Verfasser], and Christos [Akademischer Betreuer] Haritoglou. "Tonometrie und Pachymetrie zur Erfassung von Augeninnendruckschwankungen beim SCUBA-Tauchen / Hanne Huber ; Betreuer: Christos Haritoglou." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-284197.
Full text
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Lopes, Keolohilani Harold Jr. "Effects of Open Circuit Scuba Exhaust on Reef Fish Surveys in the Main Hawaiian Islands." Thesis, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10287354.
Full textAbstract:
The predominant method to quantify reef fish populations is the Open Circuit SCUBA (OC) in-situ fish survey. However, there are many biases associated with these surveys including the expelled OC exhaust which can cause visual and audible disturbances. This study aims to evaluate the bias created by OC exhaust utilizing closed-circuit rebreather (CCR) surveys, along surveys were conducted in protected areas and fished areas. The three sites in the main Hawaiian Islands were Kealakekua Bay (KK), Old Kona Airport (OA), and Pūpūkea (PK) marine life conservation district. This study found that the total fish biomass and species richness from all sites pooled showed no significant differences between gear types. However, there was a significant interaction between the gear type and the protection status (Pr(>|t|) = 0.025), indicating that there are greater differences between OC and CCR in the fished areas than the protected areas. The difference between the gear types showed a greater magnitude of OC having a higher biomass in the fished areas opposed to the protected areas where that difference was smaller. When fished species (Table 4 – a, b) were examined, significant differences between gear types were shown (Pr(>|t|) = 0.010). The OC surveys showed more fished biomass than the CCR surveys which could mean that the attraction to the exhaust within the protected areas were greater than the repulsion of the exhaust in the fished areas. Differences in the fished species biomass while having no difference in the all fish biomass supports the previous studies findings that fishing pressure is very influential on the magnitude of difference between the gear types. For researchers, estimating fishing pressure is of high importance in order to assess the level of bias associated with OC exhaust on surveys. These biases need to be accounted for in population estimations for protected areas and non-protected areas in order to get more accurate biological fish data.
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Holman, Milan. "40 Meters Down: A Diver's Journey." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/130.
Full text
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Lin, Kao-Cheng, and 林高正. "Recreational Scuba Diving." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23vhw6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立體育學院
教練研究所
92
Summary Taiwan is located in a sum tropical area. According its geographical location, it is a prime location for promotion of recreational diving.Historically Taiwan’s diving has been limited to military, underwater construction, and fishing purposes. The average Taiwan citizen had no right or reason to be exposed to diving.With the end of the martial law in Taiwan, growth of our economy, and advancement of informational technology, Taiwan had an overgrowing number of recreational divers.According to Chinese Taipei Diving Association, there are more than three hundred thousand certified divers in Taiwan. Obviously Taiwanese people make up an ocean-loving nation. The purpose of this book, beside introducing the history of recreational diving, equipment, techniques, and basic sports science theory, is to be able to work toward more science training, and experience in diving.It also provides more details on diving physics physiology and safety rules.For diving instructors and students, this book will serve as a reference for their purpose. This book is structured to contain the fooling structure: Chapter 1: · Diving history (in Taiwan and oversea). · Introduction of international diving associations. · Description / meaning of Diving Certification System. Chapter 2: Diving Environments · Characteristics / causes of currents, waves, tides, typhoons. · Dive sites introduction – internationally, Taiwan Main Land, Taiwan outlying islands. Chapter 3: Diving Equipments · Introduction and explanation of scuba diving equipments. · Use of scuba diving equipments. · Characteristics of equipments. · Buying selections. · Maintenance. Chapter 4: Diving Techniques · Use of basic sports theory and instructor theory to explain proper. · Method of training and technique. Chapter 5: Diving Physiology · How divers deal with depth, pressure, and physiological changes while diving. Chapter 6: Diving Physics · Explanation of Differences in water, air, pressure, buoyancy, light, color, sound under the water and explanation of scientific theories involved. Chapter 7: Types of Diving · Explanation, characteristics, limitation, equipment considerations necessary for specialty diving including: shore, boat, night, drift diving. Chapter 8: Diving Safety rules · General dive safety rules explanation, how to conduct pre-dive planning, and avoiding injury from dangerous marine life. · Expected growth of recreational diving by adhering to safety rules.
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YIN, HSIANG-WEN, and 尹相文. "Risk Management of Recreational Scuba Diving." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29942433509674710441.
Full textAbstract:
碩士崇右技術學院
經營管理研究所
105
ABSTRACT Title：Risk management of recreational scuba diving Pages：137 School：Chungyu Institute of Technology Department：Graduate Institute of Business Administration Time：Jan, 2017 Degree：Master Researcher：Hsiang-Wen Yin Advisor：Dr. Chih-Wei Chiu Nowadays, recreational scuba diving activity is a flourishing industry. Although, plenty of diving courses are developing on the market while coaches are now even more common, the number of accidents has not decreased recently. This primary research, collecting 6 diving experts’ experiences all over industry, official and academia, focuses on using document analysis and in-depth interview to analyze the risk management of scuba diving activity in Taiwan. According to the results, organizing 3 discoveries as follows: 1. “Waves” and “Tides” are the two main factors of natural environment that cause risks during scuba diving. Experienced coaches and cognition ability of self-physical fitness and self-ability would be the two most effective ways to prevent environment risk. 2. Scuba diving with enriched air or not reaching training hours would be the most dangerous while engaging in the activity. Besides, “decompression sickness” is often ignored. But with perfectly planned diving program could have a good control for the risk. 3. When it comes to personnel management, obtaining related business licenses and strictly controlling the ratio between students and coaches are both indispensable. For general scuba divers, both assessment of physical and mental state and the leading from a professional and qualified coach could control the risk successfully during scuba diving. Keywords: scuba diving, natural environment, scuba diving model, personnel management
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Koltyn, Kelli F. "Psychobiological responses to paced scuba exercise." 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23137956.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1990.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-48).
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Tung, Tsang-Chi, and 董蒼吉. "Analysis and Improvement of SCUBA Diving Mouthpiece." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49656395033094913624.
Full textAbstract:
碩士朝陽科技大學
工業設計系
102
In this study, it is investigating if the mouthpiece of foreign turning model tallying with Taiwanese mouth. The structure of Taiwan has upgraded from OEM to ODM, as technology advances more and more, the development of the product must also be more in line with human nature. Diving activities are divided into deep diving and skin diving, and deep diving, also known as scuba-diving, mainly equipped with high-pressure air barrels, first stage (pressure regulator ) and second stage (breathing regulator ). Water recreation activities in Taiwan have been promoted by the government policy and the water association of civil society, making diving more and more common, diving players also increased year by year. Currently, the comfort of mouthpiece of second stage (breathing regulator ) on the market lacked a theoretical foundation that could be the basis of improvement. The study is aimed at the improvement of diving breathing regulator which is less concerned. On the current market, the mouthpiece was made according to foreign type, its size does not tally with oriental mouth. The study improved the design by visiting and discussing with diving instructors and professional dentist, according to their experience and professional, collected information to integration and do the design after digitizing the information, finally validate the result.
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Mei, Chih-Chao, and 梅志超. "The Research of Scuba Diving Safety Management." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23888150081806995613.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
運動事業管理學系
97
People engaging in scuba diving are no longer just professional divers. Scuba div-ing has become a popular recreational sport with many everyday people. Due to safety management playing a large role in scuba diving, it greatly affects the diver’s lives. Therefore safety management in scuba diving should be discussed at length and re-searched heavily. By using the qualitative research method to survey six highly experi-enced divers, we can use their points of view as the main content of this research. By combining the above results with document analysis and case studies, the result of the research is as follows: Natural occurrences, equipment, techniques and regulations can be controlled by the diver. Therefore, the safety management of scuba diving needs to focus on the artifi-cial causes of danger. When scuba diving, one must exercise caution and be confident, but not arrogant or over-confident. The reasons for scuba divers facing dangers when diving include ignorance, misbehavior, over-confidence, diving while in poor physical condition, diving when tired or a poor ability to deal with emergency situations. These hazards are not only faced by beginner divers, but by coaches and instructors as well. The crucial points of safety management are to develop a deep understanding of why safety is important to divers. These safety concepts need to be conveyed by basic diving education and training. Therefore, arranging mock emergency classes in daily training will reinforce safety knowledge in divers. Also, better education and self-discipline will result in divers exercising greater caution. Well organized education and the co-operation between the physical and mental aspects will be the foundation of scuba diving safety management.
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Lee, Ming-Lun, and 李明倫. "The Research of SCUBA Diving Leisure-Fit." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59966726673340484951.
Full textAbstract:
碩士樹德科技大學
經營管理研究所
103
Taiwan possesses a preferable geographic location where world’s second largest current, Kuroshio, flowing by and is an island state. Its rich marine resources are particularly suitable for developing water recreation activities. However, with the imposition of martial law, the entire coastlines were closed for decades and limited the development of water recreation activities. This study describes in detail Taiwan’s leisure scuba diving development history, the scope of leisure diving system and scuba diving researches in recent 5 years to present the full context for the leisure diving in Taiwan. The concepts for leisure scuba diving and leisure fit models are integrated to explore the appropriateness of leisure fit models towards leisure diving. This study utilizes leisure fit questionnaire as research method. Participants of this study were the divers with certificates of elementary leisure scuba diving. Total 278 valid questionnaires were collected. The obtained data were processed with SPSS for descriptive statistics and differential analyses. In addition, the leisure fit models were examined with AMOS linear structure equations and the results revealed that 1) scuba diving participants have different feeling for leisure fit, leisure satisfaction, flow experience and well-being areas in different backgrounds. 2) supplies-needs leisure fit models shows positive influences on leisure satisfaction, flow experience and well-being. 3) abilities-requirements fit models leads no positive effects on leisure satisfaction, flow experience and well-being.Our findings could be considered as useful reference for the related sectors.
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HU, WEI-CIANG, and 胡偉強. "Analysis and Improvement of SCUBA Diving Regulators." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05706826751303967174.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
機械工程系所
96
The self contained underwater breathing apparatus - SCUBA set ,consist of compressed air tank and pressure regulator .The development of scuba diving nowadays is based on the invention of regulator. The pressure of compressed air carried by diver must be reduced to the pressure as in environment by regulator before he or she can breath in.If the regulator fail in the water or it can’t supply the enough air for diver, the lives of diver would be in serious danger .So the performance and stability of the regulator concern the life of divers .Until nowadays, the design of regulator is depend on the experiences of the designers .Try-and-error is required to get the better results. In this project, using the Mold-Flow Analysis Software- FLOW-3D, simulation of the air flow in the regulator will be used and analyses of the key factors influence the performance of the regulator will be idenfied. Besides, we can predict the index performance of regulator by using the analysis result. Contrary to the tradition process, the performance can be predicted bfore a proto-type is made for experiment when design a new regulator. Therefore, the simulation process by using of FLOW-3D can effectively reduce the time of develop products. In addition, utilize the results of simulation to improve the regulator for a better performance.
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Chase, Anna Christina. "Enveloped by Ocean Life: Experiences of Scuba Diving." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35723.
Full textAbstract:
This arts-informed, phenomenological, and heuristic inquiry focuses on what it means to immerse deeply into experiences within the natural world. Through attention and reflection on emotional and somatic aspects of my own ocean SCUBA diving experiences, and those of beginner and practiced divers, a method and the significance of learning through personal experiences and others’ shared stories is illuminated.
Readers are invited to imagine or revisit what it is like to be enveloped by ocean life through an artful narrative account of the ocean diving experience. Crafted in meandering ways, through the aesthetics of photographic images, divers’ evocative descriptions and poetic text, and interspersed with remembrances and imaginations and contemplations of self and world, the narrative reflects the diversity, richness and resonance of divers’ shared stories, and the reverberating and nurturing beauty and mystery of the ocean world. Through five narrative sections that embody a sense of movement deeper into the experience – into relations with the natural world, (‘Immersing’ ‘Opening Pathways of Exploration’, ‘Widening Circles of Compassion’, ‘Nature Reveals Her Open Secret’ and ‘Surfacing’), I encourage readers to wander amongst ocean life to expand ways of experiencing the natural world.
It is important to look for new, creative ways that allow space for explorations of self and world, to uncover new ways to reconcile both the mind-body connection as well as the human-nature connection. This inquiry brings the notion of connectedness with nature to the forefront as humans’ alienation from the natural world is recognized as a significant contributor to the present ecological crisis. The exploration of ocean experiences was also a search for ways to encourage and sustain a lifelong inquiry into the relations with the non-human world as a way to continually build and reinforce a strong bond with the natural world for psychological, social and ecological wellbeing. The immersive nature of research methods and representation illuminated how ocean life and artful expressions of remembrances and imaginations build lasting impressions, further adding vitality to what is perceived in both aquatic and terrestrial worlds – enhancing a sense of connectedness with the natural world.
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Lu, Han-Yu, and 盧翰宇. "Security Marine Training Planning Research in Scuba Diving." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64288998220907454233.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔仁大學
體育學系碩士班
101
The study used qualitative research method, interviewed six senior diving instructors. The purpose of this study is to explore diving marine trainings’ system and safety plan’s diverseness, obstruction and prospect. Findings of this study are as follows: I. Diving marine training system：Most organizations reference license’s rule; some extend their own systems. Instructor plays the most important role to protect students’ safety when training. Assistant’s most significant responsibility is to assist instructor in protecting students. II. Diverseness of diving safety plan：In marine training, most organizations’ policy decisions are decided by the authoritative instructor. Every organization follows the rule that training students in the confined water first, and then in the open water under instructor and assistant’s protection with some equipments. III. Diving obstruction：Human factors, natural factors and lack of equipment are the three main factors. IV. Diving prospect：Every organization’s instructor anticipate training more divers to be instructors for marine training and the ways to strengthen students’ skills.
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LIN, JUNG-NAN, and 林榮男. "A Survey of Sports Injuries in Scuba Diving." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86643833012057585700.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄大學
運動健康與休閒學系碩士班
104
The research studied the sports injuries in scuba diver, aimed at finding out the current situation; studied their relation between diving experience, diving ways and sports injuries, and understood how the divers treat the sports injuries when happened targeting scuba divers through a questionnaire. Sampling scope is based on the famed diving area in Taiwan：Cave in the northeast of Taiwan, Kenting area in Pingtung county, Green Island, Orchid Island, Penghu and Little Liuqiu. Sampling method; purposive sampling, 500 questionnaires were distributed to the above six areas. With regard to the symptoms of musculoskeletal discomfort in the questionnaire were referred to Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, NMQ.Collected.387 effective questionnaires conducted and analyzed by Chi-square Test (χ2 Test) using SPSS for Windows 23.0 software, the conclusions were made as follows. First, among individual background variables as marital status, monthly income, residence and exercise habits are significant different. Second, among diving experience as diving seniority, frequent diving sites, current diving sites, number of tanks of most frequent diving sites, diving activity types, and average number of tanks every quarter are significant different as well. Third, with regard to the causes of injuries, the most frequent answered causes were the interviewee carried diving equipments and travelled 50m of coral reefs that made their muscle sore after finished two tanks, especially the shoulder. Fourth, concerning sports injuries treatment, most interviewee ignored the soreness lasting one day due to no influence for life or work. Fifth, some interviewee believed the above injuries caused by the diving.
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Shun-Wei, Tsai, and 蔡勳緯. "A Study of Risk Management for Scuba Diving." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07159849262125506599.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
運動事業管理學系
102
Diving as an exercise to enhance physical fitness sports project, widely loved by everyone. And in recent years to carry up more lines of open water diving with its close to nature, in touch with nature "green movement" essentially sought after by many diving enthusiasts. But due to the special nature of the environment in which the sport, it also has potential risks unpredictable. Diving enthusiasts enjoy exercise while basic risk awareness is essential. And risk management professionals often determines diving scuba diving the key to success. Risk management procedures, including risk perception, risk assessment, risk management strategies using other steps (Head & Horn, 1991). In addition, the risk for major strategy for risk retention, risk avoidance, risk transfer and risk reduction. Scuba diving is essentially risk management plan should include regular inspection equipment, facilities, training for relevant personnel to provide adequate and comprehensive supervision of all activities. Due to the rapidly changing environment, risk management strategies also need to regularly review the amendments to cope with the actual situation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception and the actual dive professionals manage recreational scuba diving situations of risk management. And through the use of qualitative research method of semi-structured in-depth interviews, literature analysis, supplemented by four diving professionals to view the main content of the research, to be explored through case studies, in order to get results, but also the application of research findings to be discussed and put forward some suggestions.
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Chen, Yi-Ren, and 陳怡仁. "Study on Serious Leisure of Senior Scuba Divers." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82351627561460999633.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺南大學
生態科學與技術學系生態旅遊碩士班
103
The predicaments encountered by the senior scuba divers included diving accidents, structural constraints, and physical obstacles. The research results in personal effort indicated several individual aspects such as knowledge specialization, skill upgrade, environment understanding, and self-expression enhancing; the other substantial aspects included controlling economic costs and managing the store. Twelve durable benefits were also mentioned in which group attraction was found as the highest quality followed by personal rehabilitation. The differences in research results between this study and Stebbins’ were increasing individual accomplishment, progressing language skills, and enhancing family connection. Eighteen interviewees can be divided into 15 devotee workers and 3 amateurs. Both groups have found the strong characteristics of taking scuba diving as their leisure career. However, the other five qualities (need to persevere, make significant personal effort, durable benefits, tend to identify strongly and the unique ethos) devotee workers showed stronger characteristics than amateurs. In conclusion, the senior divers in this study all paid serious attention to protect the marine environment, and further spreading the concept of sustainability into their environmental education. Local divers showed stronger recognition to the community, and actively do anything necessary to take care of their surroundings. On the aspect of equipment purchase, female divers cared about hygiene issues, while male divers emphasized on economic considerations. In addition, most divers continuously upgraded their licenses due to career development. Senior divers in this study expressed that scuba diving not only enrich their own life, but also lead them to be the people pursuing better conservation of the marine environment, the spirit of mutual co-existence, pioneering social enterprise opportunity.
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Huang, De-Rong, and 黃德蓉. "The Impacts of Scuba Diving on Coral Reefs." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41947954330391137278.
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碩士國立臺中教育大學
永續觀光暨遊憩管理碩士學位學程
104
The growth of coral reefs is an important indicator of marine ecology. Coral reef ecosystems also provide biodiversity conservation, medical contributions, and creation of tourism value. Many island countries develop marine tourism due to the enhancement of employment opportunities and economic benefits it brings in coastal areas. Besides, marine tourism is one of the high-income industries. The scuba diving, which deeply relies on coral reefs ecosystems, is one of the Marine tourism activities. With promotion of scuba diving and the growth of tourists, problems of coral reefs ecological impact has become more serious. If the health status of coral reefs become worse, tourism value will also be affected. Designation of protected areas and the establishment of the diving payment system are the ways to protect coral reefs ecosystems. The awareness of Coral reefs conservation is gradually emphasized in Taiwan. Taiwan reached 40% of the world's coral species. The success of coral reefs ecosystem conservation can save more resources for scuba diving market. Also, the economic benefits it brought cannot be underestimated. Therefore, this research reorganizes the coral reef impact of scuba diving and preventive management strategies. Then using questionnaire survey method to know the current state of scuba diving activities and analyzing the management strategies can be used. In conclusion, the results can be the basis for conservation of coral reefs in the future.
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CHENG-KUO, CHEN, and 陳正國. "A Study of SCUBA Diving Instructors’ Professional Competency." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2ma25q.
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碩士國立臺東大學
體育學系碩士班
96
Abstract This study was to investigate: how SCUBA diving instructors perceive the importance of their professional competency, to what extent they perceive they own the professional competency, how their perception of the importance of their professional competency collaborates with their perception of their professional competency, and how instructors with different demographic backgrounds differ in their perception of the importance of their professional competency and the extent to which they own the professional competency. The researcher developed a questionnaire, titled as cognition of SCUBA diving instructors’ professional competency, to collect the needed research data. A sample of 300 diving instructors was asked to respond to the questionnaire and 253 valid questionnaires were returned. research findings based on the data analysis results include: 1. There are more male instructors than female instructors, more instructors aged beyond 40 than other age group, and more part-time instructors than full-time instructors. Most of the instructors hold a junior college degree and have 6-10 years of diving experience and 1-3 years of coaching experience. 2. The importance of the professional competency and the extent to which the instructors own the professional competency, as perceived by the instructors, can be ranked from high through low as: professional skills and attitude, instruction and operation skills, professional knowledge, injury prevention and first aid ability. 3. Junior instructors consider instruction operation skills as the most important; while senior instructors consider professional attitude as the most important. 4. Coaching experience can promote instructors’ professional competency. 5. There is a positive relationship between how the SCUBA diving instructors perceive the importance of professional competency and how they perceive they own professional competency. 6. SCUBA diving instructors’ perception of the importance of professional skills and attitude and professional knowledge is better than their perception of the extent they own these professional competencies; and their perception of the extent they own instruction and operation skills is better than their perception of the importance of these skills.
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"Means-end analysis and values: The recreational scuba consumer." INDIANA UNIVERSITY, 2008. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3297097.
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Pereira, Marcos Aurelio de Melo. "Recreational scuba diving and reef conservation in southern Mozambique." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4266.
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Recreational SCUBA diving has grown tremendously along most of the southern Mozambican coastline in the last eight years. This growth was not accompanied with management actions, largely due to a lack of baseline information and appropriate regulations. A number of aspects of the industry were thus covered in this study to redress this shortfall. Information was collected on divers and diving pressure in southern Mozambique using questionnaires and dive log sheets distributed through local dive centres. The diving pressure was estimated at 42 500 dives in 2001 and 62 000 dives in 2002, and occurs at about 20 dive sites. More than 50% of the diving occurs on five reefs, three of which were included in the study. Surveys using visual techniques were conducted on six reefs subjected to different diving pressures, ranging from minimal ( 6 000 dives.year-I). Divers visiting southern Mozambique were found to be mostly educated South African males in their 30s. They are experienced and committed divers, satisfied with their diving experiences in the area and sensitive to reef conservation issues. The reefs differed in benthic composition, with three mam reef groups identified through multivariate analysis. All were typified by prolific soft corals but one included an abundance of branching Acropora and the other an abundance of foliose hard corals, thus differentiating the three groups. Reef fish communities also differed among the reefs. While prey species diversity was generally similar on all the reefs, two included high densities of piscivorous species. The present levels of SCUBA diving appeared to be having no deleterious effects on the reef communities, especially when compared to other disturbances such as storms and fishing. The sustainable diving capacity was estimated to be 7000 dives/year/dive site. The overall effects of recreational diving activities in southern Mozambique are discussed, along with future research needs and the management implications of the study.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.
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Yang-Han-Chen and 楊漢禎. "The Study of Recreational Scuba Diving Instructor’s Teaching Skills." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52630950237409031818.
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碩士輔仁大學
體育學系碩士班
101
Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the current conditions of recreational diving instructor’s teaching skills’ implement. Seven recreational diving instructors were interviewed by qualitative research’s semi- structured interviews. After analyzed the verbatim, findings of this study are as follows: I.Instructor’s Current Teaching Conditions These days recreational diving instructor teaches students both academic and skill which depend on each other closely. II.Instructor’s Teaching Strategies A.Both academic and skill subject are taught by the systems’ order no matter restricted water, open water and so on. B.Most instructors teach students in accordance with their aptitude. III.Instructor’s Teaching Strategies of Safety Guidance Instructor teaches student the safety knowledge in class, moreover, realizes students’ ability for safety. IV.Instructor’s Teaching Strategies of Marine Resources Guidance Instructor teaches and shares the ways to protect marine. After instructor and student reaching an agreement, they put into practice together.
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Graber, John H. "The fluidic breathing assist regulator for scuba diving systems." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33113581.html.
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Lepage, Kyle Quentin. "Scuba half-degree extragalactic survey : data reduction by Iterative deconvolution." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15287.
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A generalization of an iterative algorithm used to reduce large data sets consisting of observations of the cosmic microwave background is presented. In particular, the algorithm is modified to reduce data sets obtained by arbitrary observations. The generalized algorithm is applied, in simulation, to a data set consisting of complicated observations taken during a Scuba HAlf Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES). The algorithm is found to be unstable. The generalized time-order algorithm is reformulated as a difference equation whose solution gives the Nth iteration reduced data map in analytical form. Within the analytical framework, the convergence properties of the algorithm are determined, a stable, known work-around explained, and the converged map shown to be optimal in the least-squares sense. The known work-around, a modification of the generalized iterative algorithm, trades stability for ideal behaviour at the edge of the reduced data map. Using simulations of a sky populated by a realistic source count model, it is shown that the deleterious effect of the modified algorithm towards the edge of the map is negligible as compared to the statistical noise for most of the half-degree square map. Simulations of the modified algorithm applied to data taken with the SHADES measurement strategy with Gaussian noise added, reveal the presence of streaking and large scale fluctuations in the converged map. The streaking which is demonstrated to be affected only by the measurement strategy, is indicative of a band-diagonal pixel-pixel covariance matrix, and is absent in noiseless simulations. The large scale fluctuations are indicative of non-negligible, far off-diagonal terms in the pixel-pixel covariance matrix, and are also absent in noiseless simulations. The effect of different observation strategies on the streaking is investigated by simulation. The presence of the amplified large scale noise is explained by linear systems theory. The determination of the optimal observation strategy is formulated as the task of determining the linear combination of absolute power measurements which will yield a desired pixel-pixel covariance matrix. This problem is discussed. An un-deconvolved map of real SHADES data is produced. Sources are detected in the un-deconvolved map using Bayesian techniques.
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PENG, YA-HSIN, and 彭雅欣. "A Study on Innovation Business Model for Scuba Diving Industry." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5z3wpj.
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碩士景文科技大學
旅遊管理系觀光與餐旅管理碩士班
104
For the tourism market in Taiwan is getting mature, leisure activities tend to an increasing proportion. Because of a rapidly aging population, the competition of industrial transformation, the development of Leisure Sports Industry gradually increased. The 2013 Athletic Commission "Sports City Report" ranks “water sports” (8.2%) the 4th place in the Sports List. The recreational diving industry is a part of the sports service industry that improves the quality of sports service, environmental education and risk management. Attracting talent to the recreational diving industry and there by upgrading production will achieve an economic, social and environmental three -win situation. In this study, a business model canvas of management tool in Deconstruction business Elemental composition mode, jointly developed by Alexander Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur is employed. The results of literature review, interviews and joint observation were used to collect research data, assess competitive advantages. Besides, blue ocean strategies are used to create innovation business models in the recreational diving industry. The findings of this study provide recreational diving industry or their managers an expansion of business scale and innovation business transformation models in the future. The result shows there are a lack of well-established policy and an insufficiency of externally well-equipped environment to support the recreational diving industry. In the part of the companies, a certification system is advised to set up, and the fine spirit of service is merged into the instructive activities. Moreover, professional management courses are suggested to organize for the managers which help them modify their business models to meet the various changes in the consumption market and the diverse customer needs. It is also hoped to offer a sustainable development for the diving industry.
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Li, Hsien-Jung, and 李顯榮. "Exercise Passion, Perceived Risk, and Benefits of Recreational Scuba Divers." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95526731499367196198.
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碩士臺北市立大學
運動教育研究所
102
Purpose: To examine the relationships between exercise passion, perceived leisure risk, and leisure benefits in scuba diving participants. Method: Two hundred scuba divers (age ranged from 20 to 60 years) were recruited to complete a battery of questionnaires regarding exercise passion, perceived leisure risk, and leisure benefits in a resting setting. Data obtained in this study were analyzed by correlated analyses and multiple regression analyses. Results: Compared with the diving beginners, those who were certified divers indicated higher perceptions of diving risk and diving benefits. For the certified divers, harmonious and obsessive passion and perceived leisure risk could positively predict leisure benefits. For the beginners, harmonious passion and perceived leisure risk were positively associated with leisure benefits, whereas obsessive passion was negatively related to leisure benefits. Conclusion: The findings indicate that individuals may perceive larger benefits in physiological, psychological, and social aspects when they gain greater knowledge of diving risk. Diving experience seems to be a moderator between exercise passion and leisure benefits. Those beginners tend to develop an inflexible style of passion toward diving that would hinder leisure values. Therefore, diving club managers should notice this important issue.
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Hsieh, Chia-Ju, and 謝佳儒. "The Study of Market Positioning for Scuba Diving at Taiwan." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25811046990712119307.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
資訊管理系碩士班
101
As the various countries of the world is increasing emphasis on the quality of life for the people. However, Taiwan is a marine resource-rich island, in recent years, due to the open environment, making the increasingly rich waters sports to participate in the population and the type of activity. In recent years, the news media and the Internet community information passed quickly and conveniently. More and more people concerned about the sport of recreational scuba diving. Nevertheless, it is difficult to develop the related industries and immature in Taiwan, and the diving sports information scattered. Therefore, people who are interested in learning about the recreational diving cannot be ruled out concerns and get the necessary knowledge. Resulting in the incorrect concept of recreational diving, and promote recreational diving hinder. Although the relevant organization committed to the development and promotion of diving, but due to the above factors, the benefits of play are somewhat limited. The purpose of this study is to explore the issues and challenges facing the promotion of recreational diving, then solutions provide recommendations for reference when planning advocacy campaign plan. Eventually, through the results of this study, the participation of the people in this movement can be increased, and in order to enhance the conservation concept for the marine environment, the purpose of emphasis on caring for the environment. According to the results of the questionnaire analysis, the future development of recreational diving industry, focusing on water regulations and policies focus on government agencies need to be more clearly defined. As well as the waters of the great importance of the environment and facilities, in order to protect the people involved in the security of the waters. Dealing with these issues in order to make the people understand the waterborne close to water activities to adapt to the water environment.