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Journal articles on the topic 'Scytalopus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 13 July 2025

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1

RAPOSO, MARCOS A., RENATA STOPIGLIA, VLADIMIR LOSKOT, and GUY M. KIRWAN. "The correct use of the name Scytalopus speluncae (Ménétriés, 1835), and the description of a new species of Brazilian tapaculo (Aves: Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae)." Zootaxa 1271, no. 1 (2006): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1271.1.3.

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Scytalopus speluncae was described from a specimen taken at São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ménétriés described it as having the throat and the central breast evidently whitish, but since then this name has been rather surprisingly attributed to the uniformly slate gray Mouse-colored Tapaculo of the eastern coastal Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Contrary to previous findings, our analysis of the holotype, two new specimens from the type locality (topotypes) and original description of Scytalopus speluncae indicates that this name must be applied to the pale gray form with rufous-barred thighs that is found in Minas Gerais. This species is apparently very common in São João del Rei. This paper redescribes Scytalopus speluncae, correcting this name application, and describing, as a new species, populations from the Serra do Mar and vicinity, previously misidentified as S. speluncae.

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Cuervo, Andrés M., Carlos Daniel Cadena, Niels Krabbe, and Luis Miguel Renjifo. "Scytalopus Stilesi, A New Species of Tapaculo (Rhinocryptidae) From the Cordillera Central of Colombia." Auk 122, no. 2 (2005): 445–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/122.2.445.

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Abstract We describe Scytalopus stilesi, an overlooked species of tapaculo endemic to Colombia, on the basis of a series of eight specimens taken in 2002 and comparative analyses of its vocalizations, mitochondrial DNA sequences, and distribution. The new species ranges in the northern half of the Cordillera Central of the Colombian Andes in the Departments of Antioquia, Caldas, and Risaralda, in cloud forests between 1,420 and 2,130 m above sea level. The song, calls, and female song of the new species differ distinctly from those of all other known Scytalopus taxa. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the cytochrome-b gene strongly suggest affinities with S. robbinsi of southwestern Ecuador and with two as-yet-undescribed tapaculos from the Colombian Andes. Scytalopus stilesi coexists locally with, though it is ecologically segregated from, S. atratus, S. latrans, and S. spillmanni. The mid-elevation premontane wet forests to which the new species is restricted have been subject to severe deforestation and fragmentation. The species is, however, relatively common in continuous mature-forest remnants, large primary-forest fragments, riparian forests, and tall secondary-forest patches. We employed a geographic information system (GIS) approach to model the potential distribution of the new species and assess its conservation status under the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria. Scytalopus stilesi does not qualify as threatened according to those criteria, but it should be regarded as near threatened. The new species coexists with numerous threatened bird species that are in need of more effective conservation.

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3

Krabbe, Niels, and Carlos Daniel Cadena. "A taxonomic revision of the Paramo Tapaculo Scytalopus canus Chapman (Aves: Rhinocryptidae), with description of a new subspecies from Ecuador and Peru." Zootaxa 2354 (December 31, 2010): 56–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.193541.

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Krabbe, Niels, Cadena, Carlos Daniel (2010): A taxonomic revision of the Paramo Tapaculo Scytalopus canus Chapman (Aves: Rhinocryptidae), with description of a new subspecies from Ecuador and Peru. Zootaxa 2354: 56-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.193541

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4

Mafia, Pedro De Oliveira. "New record extends the northern limit of distribution of Scytalopus petrophilus (Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae) in the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil." Check List 11, no. 1 (2015): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.1.1525.

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I recorded an individual of Rock Tapaculo (Scytalopus petrophilus) on 15 October 2010, in a rocky outcrop (campo rupestre) formation at Sempre-Vivas National Park, at Bocaiúva municipality, northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. This record extends the northern limit of distribution of this species.

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Raposo, Marcos A., Renata Stopiglia, Vladimir Loskot, and Guy M. Kirwan. "The correct use of the name Scytalopus speluncae (Ménétriés, 1835), and the description of a new species of Brazilian tapaculo (Aves: Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae)." Zootaxa 1271 (December 31, 2006): 37–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.173259.

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Raposo, Marcos A., Stopiglia, Renata, Loskot, Vladimir, Kirwan, Guy M. (2006): The correct use of the name Scytalopus speluncae (Ménétriés, 1835), and the description of a new species of Brazilian tapaculo (Aves: Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae). Zootaxa 1271: 37-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173259

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6

Maurício, Giovanni Nachtigall, and Marcos Ricardo Bornschein. "On identification errors in Scytalopus speluncae (Ménétriés) and S. pachecoi Maurício from southern Brazil with new data on distribution and biogeography of these taxa (Aves: Rhinocryptidae)." Zootaxa 4350, no. 3 (2017): 595–99. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.13.

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Maurício, Giovanni Nachtigall, Bornschein, Marcos Ricardo (2017): On identification errors in Scytalopus speluncae (Ménétriés) and S. pachecoi Maurício from southern Brazil with new data on distribution and biogeography of these taxa (Aves: Rhinocryptidae). Zootaxa 4350 (3): 595-599, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.13

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7

Mafia, Pedro. "New record extends the northern limit of distribution of Scytalopus petrophilus (Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae) in the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil." Check List 11, no. (1) (2015): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.15560/11.1.1525.

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I recorded an individual of Rock Tapaculo (<em>Scytalopus petrophilus</em>) on 15 October 2010, in a rocky outcrop (<em>campo rupestre</em>) formation at Sempre-Vivas National Park, at Bocaiúva municipality, northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. This record extends the northern limit of distribution of this species.

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8

Raposo, Marcos A., Guy M. Kirwan, Vladimir Loskot, and Claydson Pinto De Assis. "São João del Rei is the type locality of Scytalopus speluncae (Aves: Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae)-a response to Maurício et al. (2010)." Zootaxa 3439, no. 1 (2012): 51–67. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3439.1.3.

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Raposo, Marcos A., Kirwan, Guy M., Loskot, Vladimir, Assis, Claydson Pinto De (2012): São João del Rei is the type locality of Scytalopus speluncae (Aves: Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae)-a response to Maurício et al. (2010). Zootaxa 3439 (1): 51-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3439.1.3, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3439.1.3

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9

RAPOSO, MARCOS A., GUY M. KIRWAN, VLADIMIR LOSKOT, and CLAYDSON PINTO DE ASSIS. "São João del Rei is the type locality of Scytalopus speluncae (Aves: Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae)—a response to Maurício et al. (2010)." Zootaxa 3439, no. 1 (2012): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3439.1.3.

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The type locality and the identity of the holotype of the southeast Brazilian endemic Scytalopus speluncae (Ménétriés,1835) have attracted considerable recent scrutiny and controversy, based in large part on doubts expressed in theornithological literature concerning some of the same author’s other Brazilian type localities. Most recently, Maurício etal. (2010) recommended substituting a new type locality, the Serra dos Órgãos, for S. speluncae, based almost entirely onan analysis of photographs of the holotype. Separately, some of the same authors (Whitney et al. 2010) described a newspecies, Scytalopus petrophilus, including, as a paratype, a specimen from Ménétriés’ original type locality. Our ownknowledge of S. speluncae is based on a thorough examination of the holotype and a comprehensive review of all availablehistorical data concerning its collection. Because the holotype itself is partially damaged and the identification of somesoutheast Brazilian Scytalopus is unquestionably difficult using plumage alone (due to intraspecific variation), and furtherbecause all authors agree that only one species of Scytalopus occurs in the environs of São João del Rei, correctlyidentifying the type locality is of overriding importance to ensure the correct nomenclature of the entire species-group ofwhich S. speluncae is the senior synonym. All contemporaneous data (three expedition diaries, the original specimen label,and the original description) clearly demonstrate that Ménétriés collected S. speluncae close to a well-known limestonecave in the region of São João del Rei, in the state of Minas Gerais, on 7 June 1824. Even the bird’s name, speluncae(pertaining to “the cave”) witnesses the validity of these facts. The available historical evidence was dismissed byMaurício et al. (2010) in clear contravention of the recommendations of Article 76A.1 of the ICZN (1999), which governssuch cases. It is also relevant that all available first-hand information concerning the holotype’s morphology, as well asthe evidence from its topotypes, supports the proposition that S. speluncae was collected where Ménétriés claimed. Wefurther demonstrate that: (1) S. speluncae is the name applicable to the paler gray species with buff-fringed blackishfeathers on the flanks, thighs, vent and upper tail coverts; (2) S. petrophilus must be a junior synonym of S. speluncae; (3)the only historical argument presented by Maurício et al. (2010) contra the type locality is based on an unrepresentativetranslation; and (4) their morphological analysis uses incomplete, contradictory or misleading data, and focuses onsearching for specimens similar to the paler gray S. speluncae within the variation of the dark gray S. notorius, in order tojustify emending the type locality. Crucially, none of these specimens of S. notorius is apparently similar to the holotype and topotypes of S. speluncae in respect to all of the latter’s distinguishing characters.

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Rice, Nathan H. "Further Evidence for Paraphyly of the Formicariidae (Passeriformes)." Condor 107, no. 4 (2005): 910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.4.910.

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Abstract The historical relationships of ground antbirds and their relatives have long been unresolved. Here, I present a phylogenetic analysis of ground antbird (Formicariidae) relationships based on DNA sequence data from the cytochrome-b and ND2 genes. Results support novel hypotheses of historical relationships, including two revisions of suboscine taxonomy: (1) paraphyly of the Formicariidae with the tentative inclusion of at least some rhinocryptids (Liosceles, Rhinocrypta, and Scytalopus) in the ground antbird lineage, and (2) placement of Pittasoma with Conopophaga in the Conopophagidae.

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11

Avendaño, Jorge, and Thomas M. Donegan. "A distinctive new subspecies of Scytalopus griseicollis (Aves, Passeriformes, Rhinocryptidae) from the northern Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and Venezuela." ZooKeys 506 (June 2, 2015): 137–53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.506.9553.

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We describe a new subspecies of Pale-bellied Tapaculo Scytalopus griseicollis from the northern Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and Venezuela. This form differs diagnosably in plumage from described subspecies S. g. griseicollis and S. g. gilesi and from the latter in tail length. It is also differentiated non-diagnosably in voice from both these populations. Ecological niche modelling analysis suggests that the new subspecies is restricted to the Andean montane forest and páramo north of both the arid Chicamocha valley and the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy.

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12

Hosner, Peter A., and Noemí E. Huanca. "Nest, eggs, and parental care of the Puna Tapaculo (Scytalopus simonsi)." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120, no. 3 (2008): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/07-128.1.

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13

Young, Bruce E., and Willow Zuchowski. "First Description of the Nest of the Silvery-fronted Tapaculo (Scytalopus argentifrons)." Wilson Bulletin 115, no. 1 (2003): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/02-072.

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14

McCullough, Jenna M., Wieland T. Feuerabendt, and Gustavo A. Londoño. "Additional notes on the nesting biology of the Blackish Tapaculo (Scytalopus latrans)." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 131, no. 4 (2020): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/1559-4491-131.4.817.

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15

HERMES, CLAUDIA, JEROEN JANSEN, and H. MARTIN SCHAEFER. "Habitat requirements and population estimate of the endangered Ecuadorian Tapaculo Scytalopus robbinsi." Bird Conservation International 28, no. 2 (2017): 302–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927091600054x.

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SummaryThe Chocó-Tumbesian region of western Ecuador is one of the 25 global biodiversity hotspots harbouring high numbers of endemic species, which are heavily threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. Moreover, ongoing climate change in the tropics drives species uphill as lower-lying areas are becoming constantly drier. Such upslope movement can pose major challenges for less mobile species, such as understorey birds which are confined to mature forests and unable to cross habitat gaps. Consequently, these species are threatened by a combination of upslope range shifts and forest fragmentation. In our study, we investigated population numbers and habitat requirements of the Ecuadorian Tapaculo Scytalopus robbinsi, which is endemic to the premontane cloud forests of south-western Ecuador. Comparing the microhabitat structure within territories with control sites revealed that Ecuadorian Tapaculos prefer old secondary forests. Moreover, connectivity between forest fragments was the strongest predictor of the presence of territories within them. We estimated the mean upslope shift of the distribution range as 100 m per decade and developed a model of habitat availability for the revised range. Extrapolating the number of territories from the study area to the distributional range of the Ecuadorian Tapaculo showed that the global population size is smaller than previously assumed. Our results suggest that the Ecuadorian Tapaculo is strongly affected by forest loss and degradation. Therefore, to prevent a continuing decline in population numbers or even extinction, conservation measures focusing on restoring connectivity between fragments and increasing habitat quality and quantity for the remaining populations need to be prioritised.

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Mesa-Mesa, Daniel Felipe. "<b>Estimando la divergencia vocal y límites de especie en </b><b><i>Scytalopus latrans</i></b><b> (Rhinocryptidae) de los Andes del Norte</b>." Ornitología Colombiana, no. 27 (May 28, 2025): 6. https://doi.org/10.59517/oc.e608.

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El género Scytalopus exhibe una diversa radiación suramericana con una extraordinaria similitud morfológica y de coloración entre especies, lo que ha resultado en una taxonomía incompleta y complicada. Los análisis vocales y filogenéticos recientes han permitido reconocer múltiples linajes divergentes a nivel de especie, muchos de los cuales se creían parte de taxones de amplia distribución. Scytalopus latrans es uno de los pocos tapaculos andinos que mantiene un rango extenso en los Andes tropicales, desde el norte de Perú hasta Venezuela, y es parte del clado femoralis-latrans que se diversificó explosivamente. Evaluamos los límites taxonómicos entre seis grupos de poblaciones de S. latrans, incluyendo los que corresponden a las subespecies S. l. subcinereus, S. l. intermedius, y la nominal. Cuantificamos seis caracteres acústicos de las notas constitutivas de sus cantos y realizamos análisis estadísticos multivariados para examinar el agrupamiento de individuos según sus atributos acústicos. Por medio de modelos lineales simples, identificamos los atributos vocales consistentemente únicos y divergentes. Encontramos dos tipos de canto: el típico presente en todas las poblaciones estudiadas, y un canto alternativo restringido a dos poblaciones de la Cordillera Oriental y la Cordillera de Mérida (canto nororiental). Los análisis del canto típico revelaron cuatro grupos vocales con diferencias espectrales significativas, mientras que el canto nororiental mostró variación notable entre las poblaciones que lo tienen. La concordancia entre variación vocal y genética sugiere que S. latrans requiere una reorganización taxonómica. Proponemos el reconocimiento de cuatro especies, incluyendo dos taxones que describiremos. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones importantes para la conservación, ya que el reconocimiento de múltiples taxones con distribuciones restringidas requiere una evaluación urgente de su estado poblacional.

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17

MAURÍCIO, GIOVANNI N., MARCOS R. BORNSCHEIN, MARCELO F. DE VASCONCELOS, BRET M. WHITNEY, JOSÉ FERNANDO PACHECO, and LUÍS FÁBIO SILVEIRA. "Taxonomy of “Mouse-colored Tapaculos”. I. On the application of the name Malacorhynchus speluncae Ménétriés, 1835 (Aves: Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae)." Zootaxa 2518, no. 1 (2010): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2518.1.2.

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The type specimen of Malacorhynchus speluncae was described and illustrated as being “mouse gray with a bluish luster” on the upperparts and as having a “lighter color on the lower side of the body” which “becomes whitish towards the middle of the throat and breast”. It represents a taxon presently placed in the genus Scytalopus. Since 1907, the name Scytalopus speluncae has been attributed to the predominantly dark-gray species from the southeastern coastal Brazilian mountains. Recently, it was suggested that the name S. speluncae should be applied to a species that is light-gray with whitish belly and extensive barring on the flanks and that occurs predominantly in the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais state, to the west of the range of the dark-gray taxon. As a consequence, the dark-gray species, presumably without any available name, was described as a new species, S. notorius. However, on the basis of a critical analysis of the available information on the type specimen of S. speluncae, including the original description and illustration (Ménétriés 1835), and our examination of large series of museum specimens, we demonstrate that the type of S. speluncae falls within the known plumage variation of the dark-gray species and that it does not show the diagnostic characters of the light-gray form. Thus, we propose that the name S. speluncae be applied only to the dark-gray species. Consequently, S. notorius must be regarded a junior-synonym of S. speluncae. Because of problems related to the exact collecting sites of Ménétriés, and taking into consideration the distribution of the dark-gray species, we suggest “Serra dos Órgãos”, in Rio de Janeiro state, as the type-locality of S. speluncae.

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Godoy-Güinao, Javier, and Iván A. Díaz. "FIRST RECORDS OF RHYNOCRYPTID UNDERSTORY BIRDS IN THE CANOPY OF CHILEAN TEMPERATE RAINFORESTS." Ornitología Neotropical 29 (November 8, 2018): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v29i1.332.

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Abstract ∙ We documented the first observations of rhinocryptid birds in the canopy of a temperate rainforest in southern Chile. In the Bosque Pehuén Park, located in the southern Chilean Andes (39°42'S, 71°75'W), we installed camera traps in six old Nothofagus dombeyi trees, one per tree between 12 and 21 m above the forest floor. Traps were active from January to April 2017. The camera traps recorded three species of rhinocryptids in the canopy, between 12 and 14 m, Black-throated Huet-Huet (Pteroptochos tarnii), Chucao Tapaculo (Scelorchilus rubecula), and Magellanic Tapaculo (Scytalopus magellanicus). These records of rhinocryptids are unexpected since these species are currently believed to inhabit only on the forest floor and in the understory. This new information indicates that the canopy could occasionally provide food, shelter and nesting places for these birds.Resumen ∙ Primeros registros de rinocríptidos en el dosel de los bosques templados del sur de Chile En este trabajo documentamos las primeras observaciones de rinocríptidos en el dosel en los bosques templados del sur de Chile. En el parque Bosque Pehuén, en los Andes del sur (39°42'S, 71°75'W), se instalaron trampas cámara en seis árboles antiguos de Nothofagus dombeyi, una trampa por árbol, entre los 12 y los 21 m de altura. Las trampas estuvieron activas entre Enero y Abril de 2017. Las trampas cámara registraron tres especies de rinocríptidos entre los 12 y los 14 m de altura: Huet Huet (Pteroptochos tarnii), Chucao (Scelorchilus rubecula) y Churrín del sur (Scytalopus magellanicus). Estos registros de rinocríptidos son inesperados ya que estas especies se consideraban sólo como habitantes del suelo y del sotobosque. Esta nueva información indica que el dosel podría ocasionalmente proporcionar alimentos, refugio y lugares de anidación para estas aves.

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M. Donegan, Thomas, and Jorge Enrique Avendaño-C. "Notes on Tapaculos (Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae) of the eastern Andes of Colombia and the venezuelan Andes, with a new subspecies of Scytalopus griseicollis from Colombia." Ornitología Colombiana, no. 6 (July 9, 2021): 24–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.59517/oc.e154.

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Analizamos morfometría, plumaje, voces y especímenes para estudiar la taxonomía de varios tapaculos de altas elevaciones del género Scytalopus de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia y la Cordillera de Mérida de Venezuela. Dada la ausencia de algún carácter diagnóstico en voz, plumaje o morfometría, proponemos tratar a S. infasciatus como un sinónimo subjetivo más joven de S. griseicollis. S. fuscicauda y S. meridanus son indistinguibles en su morfología, pero proponemos tratar a S. fuscicauda como una subespecie de S. meridanus debido a posibles pequeñas diferencias en la introducción de sus cantos, las cuales requieren mayor investigación. Como sus nombres fueron publicados contemporáneamente, proponemos la prioridad de S. meridanus sobre S. fusciacuda. S. meridanus y S. griseicollis (cada uno, como redefinidos) son vocalmente distinguibles, soportando su tratamiento como especies distintas. Describimos S. griseicollis gilesi subsp. nov. de la Serranía de los Yariguíes. La nueva subespecie difiere de S. g. griseicollis en su plumaje más oscuro, la frecuencia acústica más baja de los llamados y cola más larga. La recientemente descubierta población de S. spillmanni en la Cordillera Oriental difiere de las poblaciones ecuatorianas en su tarso más corto y canto más lento, cumpliendo los requerimientos de algunos, pero no todos, los conceptos de subespecie. Con la situación de las poblaciones de S. griseicollis, S. meridanus y S. spillmanni clarificada, es evidente que dos poblaciones de Scytalopus de la zona montana baja de la ladera occidental de la Cordillera Oriental y los Andes de Venezuela esperan ser descritas formalmente. Otro taxón sin describir, aparentemente relacionado con S. griseicollis o S. meridanus, se encuentra en la Serranía de Perijá. Se presentan notas sobre la variación geográfica en S. latrans y Myornis senilis en la Cordillera Oriental. Se discuten conceptos de especie y subespecie propuestos para poblaciones alopátricas.

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20

Stiles, F. Gary, Oscar Laverde-R., and Carlos Daniel Cadena. "A new species of tapaculo (Rhinocryptidae: Scytalopus) from the Western Andes of Colombia." Auk 134, no. 2 (2017): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/auk-16-205.1.

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21

Smith, Chris, and Gustavo Londoño. "First description of nest, eggs, incubation behavior, and nestlings of Trilling Tapaculo (Scytalopus parvirostris)." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 126, no. 1 (2014): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/13-051.1.

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22

Cuervo, Andrés M., Carlos Daniel Cadena, Niels Krabbe, and Luis Miguel Renjifo. "SCYTALOPUS STILESI, A NEW SPECIES OF TAPACULO (RHINOCRYPTIDAE) FROM THE CORDILLERA CENTRAL OF COLOMBIA." Auk 122, no. 2 (2005): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0445:ssanso]2.0.co;2.

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23

Klemann Jr., L., and J. S. Vieira. "Assessing the extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, territory size, and population size of marsh tapaculo (Scytalopus iraiensis)." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 36, no. 1 (2013): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2013.36.0047.

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First described in 1998, the marsh tapaculo (Scytalopus iraiensis) is an endangered bird of the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to Brazil and is restricted to the wet flood plains of rivers and streams. Due to its cryptic habits and environments of occurrence, information available on its biology, natural history and distribution is scarce. We compiled occurrence records (99 records), delimited the extent of occurrences (296,584 km2), calculated the area of occupancy (84 km2), estimated territory size (5,313 ± 1,201 m2 per pair), population density (3.76 ± 0.85 individuals per hectare), and population size (31,584 ± 7,140 mature individuals) of marsh tapaculo. The species was recorded in marshes associated to four types of vegetation and in four ecological zones. This new information is extremely important to support revaluation of the species’ threat category and to enhance knowledge about this endemic and little known bird from Brazil.

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Alejandro Correa, Rueda. "Is the behaviour a feature that implies evolutionary consequences in the speciation?" Global Journal of Zoology 8, no. 1 (2023): 015–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/gjz.000028.

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In birds, similar behaviour decreases in dramatic form the distances among sister lineages. The current classification of the Chilean representatives of the passerine family Rhinocryptidae includes eight species. Moreover, differences between the two lineages of Chilean species of Scytalopus genera, and two subspecies of Scelorchilus. Scelorchilus albicollis albicollis vs. S. a. atacamae; S. rubecula rubecula vs. S.r. mochae, two species of Pteroptochos: P. castaneus and P. tarnii, and two subspecies: P.megapodius megapodius and P.m. atacamae are very scarce. We propose a new methodology based on ecological and behavioural patterns in order to understand the concept of speciation in this group of birds. Our results show how when integrating behaviour and ecological terms as biological traits next to morphological characters of the plumage, allows us to conclude that there is a decrease in the distances among sister lineages in the cluster tree.

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Decker, Karie L., Alina M. Niklison, and Thomas E. Martin. "First Description of the Nest, Eggs, and Breeding Behavior of the Mérida Tapaculo (Scytalopus meridanus)." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 119, no. 1 (2007): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/05-159.1.

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de Andrade, Maurício Carlos Martins, Júlio César Rocha Costa, João Henrique Ferreira Pinto, Maria de Fátima Vieira Starling, and Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos. "First description of the nesting site, nest, and eggs of the Rock Tapaculo (Scytalopus petrophilus)." Ornithology Research 28, no. 2 (2020): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43388-020-00014-1.

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Oscar, Diego Emmanuel, and Jorge La Grotteria. "Registros de nidificacion del Churrín Andino (Scytalopus magellanicus) en la provincia de Río Negro, Argentina." Nuestras Aves, no. 58 (December 1, 2013): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56178/na.vi58.330.

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KRABBE, NIELS, and CARLOS DANIEL CADENA. "A taxonomic revision of the Paramo Tapaculo Scytalopus canus Chapman (Aves: Rhinocryptidae), with description of a new subspecies from Ecuador and Peru." Zootaxa 2354, no. 1 (2010): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2354.1.5.

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The nominate subspecies of the Paramo Tapaculo (Scytalopus canus Chapman), which is restricted to high elevations of the Western Andes of Colombia, differs substantially in song from S. c. opacus from the Central Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru. In accordance with current taxonomy of the genus, which is primarily based on differences in song, we assign species rank to both taxa. Within opacus, birds from southernmost Ecuador and northernmost Peru sing like northern opacus but call differently. They are indistinguishable morphologically except for a white patch in the wing present in 10 out of 12 of the adult males of the southern population. We describe this population as a new taxon and rank it as a subspecies of S. opacus. Genetically, S. canus, nominate S. opacus, and the new taxon are strongly differentiated (>5% divergence in mtDNA); the first two appear to be sister taxa.

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Correa, Alejandro, Figueroa , Javier A., and Rozzi, Ricardo. "Primer registro de simpatría en dos especies de Scytalopus (Fam. Rhinocryptidae) en Zapallar, Región de Valparaíso, Chile." Revista Catalana d'Ornitologia, no. 35 (2019): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.62102/20.8100.01.25.

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Rueda, Alejandro Correa. "SPECIATION OF THE GENUS SCYTALOPUS (FAM. RHINOCRYPTIDAE: AVES, PASSERIFORMES) BY THEIR MELODIC DIALECTS ACCORDING TO THEIR UMWELT." International Journal of Biological and Natural Sciences 5, no. 1 (2025): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.813512507011.

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Mata, Helena, Carla Suertegaray Fontana, Giovanni Nachtigall Maurício, Marcos Ricardo Bornschein, Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos, and Sandro L. Bonatto. "Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the eastern Tapaculos (Aves: Rhinocryptidae: Scytalopus, Eleoscytalopus): Cryptic diversification in Brazilian Atlantic Forest." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53, no. 2 (2009): 450–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.07.017.

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Pulido-Santacruz, Paola, Marcos Ricardo Bornschein, Ricardo Belmonte-Lopes, and Sandro L. Bonatto. "Multiple evolutionary units and demographic stability during the last glacial maximum in the Scytalopus speluncae complex (Aves: Rhinocryptidae)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 102 (September 2016): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.027.

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Krabbe, Niels, and Thomas S. Schulenberg. "Species Limits and Natural History of Scytalopus tapaculos (Rhinocryptidae), with Descriptions of the Ecuadorian Taxa, including Three New Species." Ornithological Monographs, no. 48 (January 1997): 46–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40157527.

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Avendaño, Jorge, and Thomas M. Donegan. "A distinctive new subspecies of Scytalopus griseicollis (Aves, Passeriformes, Rhinocryptidae) from the northern Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and Venezuela." ZooKeys 506 (June 2, 2015): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.506.9553.

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35

Vasconcelos, Marcelo Ferreira de, and Santos D'Angelo Neto. "First assessment of the avifauna of Araucaria forests and other habitats from extreme southern Minas Gerais, Serra da Mantiqueira, Brazil, with notes on biogeography and conservation." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 49, no. 3 (2009): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0031-10492009000300001.

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The avifauna of the Araucaria forests in the higher reaches of the Serra da Mantiqueira massif is little known and poorly documented. This region is recognized as an important area of differentiation of birds in southeastern Brazil. Here, we present the first ornithological survey of the Araucaria forests and associated habitats in the mountains of extreme southern Minas Gerais state, near the southern tip of the Serra da Mantiqueira. The study area comprises the Serra do Juncal region and several adjacent sites, located in the municipalities of Gonçalves and Camanducaia. We recorded 206 bird species, of which 57 (27.7%) are endemic to the Atlantic forest. Several records represent the first specimens for Minas Gerais, in the hinterlands of Serra da Mantiqueira, proving that many Atlantic species also occur in the intern most slope of this mountain range. Examples are: Dysithamnus xanthopterus, Chamaeza ruficauda, Leptasthenura setaria, Heliobletus contaminatus, Hemitriccus obsoletus, Phylloscartes difficilis, Piprites pileata, Poospiza thoracica, and Cacicus chrysopterus. The region is also a previously unknown area of sympatry of other closely related species: Scytalopus notorius and S. speluncae, Lepidocolaptes squamatus and L. falcinellus, and Basileuterus culicivorus and B. hypoleucus. Both species of Lepidocolaptes and Basileuterus hybridize in the region. We also comment on the avifauna conservation, which have been threatened by eco-tourism, building of new styles of houses, domestic animals, forest fragmentation, and plantations.

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Hermes, Claudia, Annika Döpper, H. Martin Schaefer, and Gernot Segelbacher. "Effects of forest fragmentation on the morphological and genetic structure of a dispersal-limited, endangered bird species." Nature Conservation 16 (November 25, 2016): 39–58. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.16.10905.

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Throughout the tropics, pristine forests disappear at an alarming pace. This presents a severe threat to forest-dependent species. Especially dispersal-limited understory birds are affected by forest loss. We here explored the effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic structure and the morphology of the Ecuadorian Tapaculo (Scytalopus robbinsi). This bird occurs only in a small range in the premontane cloud forests of southwestern Ecuador. The global population size is declining rapidly due to habitat loss and is currently estimated at only 3000 mature individuals. We caught a total of 28 Ecuadorian Tapaculos in forests of varying size in an area of about 40 km². From each bird, we took morphological measurements and a blood sample. This was used to develop a set of 10 species-specific microsatellite primers for genetic analysis and we found that the Ecuadorian Tapaculos display high levels of genetic diversity. Additionally, we identified dispersal corridors for the species across the landscape using a least-cost path analysis. Notably, we found that wing shape is related to forest size. Individuals in smaller fragments show adaptations of the wing morphology to enhanced mobility and better flight capacity. Our results suggest that the Ecuadorian Tapaculo may rapidly adapt its morphology to the level of habitat fragmentation. This potential can possibly mitigate the risk of local extinctions of the species due to human-caused forest loss and fragmentation.

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Maurício, Giovanni Nachtigall, Helena Mata, Marcos Ricardo Bornschein, Carlos Daniel Cadena, Herculano Alvarenga, and Sandro L. Bonatto. "Hidden generic diversity in Neotropical birds: Molecular and anatomical data support a new genus for the “Scytalopus” indigoticus species-group (Aves: Rhinocryptidae)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49, no. 1 (2008): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.06.017.

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38

Ernesto, Evandro Silva, Kelly Aparecida da Silva Fiorino, Thayná Silva Batista, José Emílio Zanzirolani De Oliveira, and Geraldo Majela Moraes Salvio. "Avifauna em remanescentes florestais de Mata Atlântica em Barbacena, Minas Gerais." Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 6, no. 2 (2023): 1435–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv6n2-040.

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Atividades antrópicas modificam e reduzem ambientes naturais, fragmentando ecossistemas e afetando a riqueza, distribuição e abundância das espécies de aves. Este trabalho objetivou observar a avifauna em três fragmentos remanescentes de Mata Atlântica, no Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus Barbacena. As aves foram observadas com binóculos, câmeras fotográficas e playback (gravação de vocalização de aves específicas), nos períodos matutinos e vespertinos, de maio/2018 a janeiro/2019. Pelo método Mau Tau estimou-se a riqueza e curva de rarefação e pelo coeficiente de similaridade de Jaccard estimou-se a distribuição das espécies nos três fragmentos. Calculou-se a abundância nos fragmentos pela frequência de cada espécie dividida pelo total de saídas a campo. A riqueza estimada foi de 76 espécies, 32 famílias e 14 ordens, sendo 13 espécies endêmicas da Mata Atlântica. A curva de rarefação tendeu a não estabilidade, demostrando necessidade de mais coletas de dados. A distribuição e composição de espécies mais similares (J = 0,455). Há similaridade na composição e distribuição de espécies observadas nos fragmentos F01 e F02. No F01 observou-se Scytalopus iraiensis, endêmica da Mata Atlântica e ameaçada de extinção. Das 76 espécies, 18 foram abundantes, oito frequentes, 11 comuns e 39 acidentais. A maior abundância nos três fragmentos foi a Psittacara leucophthalmus e a guilda alimentar insetívora. Os fragmentos preservavam espécies da Mata Atlântica (76), endêmicas (13) e ameaçada de extinção (01). Esforços de proteção desses remanescentes minimizam os impactos na avifauna da Mata Atlântica.

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Guerrero-Casado, José, José Manuel Seoane, Nikolay Aguirre, and Jeronimo Torres-Porras. "Success in conserving the bird diversity in tropical forests through private protected areas in Western Ecuador." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16, no. 2 (2021): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.16.e63414.

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Private protected areas have recently attained more importance at a worldwide level as regards nature conservation. Particularly, the specific region of Western Ecuador receives hardly any protection from the State, and private reserves could, therefore, be a suitable tool to ensure the preservation of its forests and their associated wildlife biodiversity. In this work, we compare the bird species richness between private reserves and public protected areas (managed by the State) located in this region. We also show a checklist of bird species found in the Buenaventura Reserve, a private reserve located in south-western Ecuador. Our comparison shows that smaller private reserves may harbour a similar number of bird species than larger protected areas managed by the state, and they have a higher number of bird species per area. In particular, a total of 233 different bird species were registered in Buenaventura, which were distributed in 16 orders and 42 families. Three species were classified as endangered at an international level: El Oro Parakeet (Pyrrhura orcesi), El Oro Tapaculo (Scytalopus robbinsi), and the Grey-backed Hawk (Pseudastur occidentalis), and another three at a national level: the Long-wattled Umbrellabird (Cephalopterus penduliger), the Slaty-winged Foliage-gleaner (Philydor fuscipenne), and the White-vented Plumeleteer (Chalybura buffonii). Therefore, private reserves can be appreciated as a suitable conservation tool for bird conservation, and they should not be undervalued because of their smaller size. Buenaventura Reserve is a good example of how private reserves are extremely important in fragmented landscapes, as is the case with tropical forests in Western Ecuador.

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MAURÍCIO, GIOVANNI NACHTIGALL, and MARCOS RICARDO BORNSCHEIN. "On identification errors in Scytalopus speluncae (Ménétriés) and S. pachecoi Maurício from southern Brazil with new data on distribution and biogeography of these taxa (Aves: Rhinocryptidae)." Zootaxa 4350, no. 3 (2017): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.13.

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The Brazilian tapaculo Scytalopus speluncae species-group has been the subject of intense taxonomic work in the past 18 years, with six new species being named in that time lapse and other taxonomic problems having been highlighted (Bornschein et al. 1998, 2007; Maurício 2005; Raposo et al. 2006, 2012; Mata et al. 2009; Whitney et al. 2010; Maurício et al. 2010, 2014; Pulido-Santacruz et al. 2016). One of the most persistent of these problems involves the oldest name in this group, S. speluncae (Ménétriès), and the taxa it may represent. Historically, this name has been applied to the dark gray populations (whose adult males have plain gray flanks) occurring along coastal mountains between Espírito Santo and São Paulo states in Brazil (Raposo et al. 2006; Maurício et al. 2010). Subsequently, dark gray populations from the Brazilian states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul, as well as paler gray birds with black-barred brown flanks from northeastern Argentina (Misiones Province) and adjacent southern Brazilian states were also subsumed under S. speluncae (Bornschein et al. 1998; Maurício 2005; Maurício et al. 2010). However, the paler gray, barred populations from Argentina and some parts of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul have proved to be a distinct and partially sympatric species named S. pachecoi Maurício, which was shown to be not closely related to S. speluncae, but rather pertains to the very divergent clade of S. novacapitalis Sick and related forms (Maurício 2005; Mata et al. 2009). On the other hand, the dark-gray populations coming from Espírito Santo south to Rio Grande do Sul continued to be identified as S. speluncae.

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41

Reid, Sharon, Iván A. Díaz, Juan J. Armesto, and Mary F. Willson. "Importance of Native Bamboo for Understory Birds in Chilean Temperate Forests." Auk 121, no. 2 (2004): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.2.515.

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AbstractIn South American temperate rainforests, five endemic understory birds (four Rhinocryptidae and one Furnariidae) are often associated with the main understory plant, the native bamboo Chusquea valdiviensis (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). We studied the effects of bamboo cover on species abundance and richness of those understory birds and explored the functions of bamboo as food resource and escape cover. In Chiloé Island (42°S), southern Chile, we selected four old-growth forest patches >100 ha and in each patch conducted bird surveys in six plots with >70% understory cover. Three plots were dominated by native bamboo and three plots had a sparse bamboo cover. Bird abundance (point counts) was significantly correlated with both total understory cover and percentage of bamboo cover but was not correlated with other kinds of understory plant cover. Bird species richness was positively correlated with bamboo cover and negatively correlated with other kinds of understory cover but unrelated to total understory cover. Leaf-gleaners Magellanic Tapaculos (Scytalopus magellanicus), Ochre-flanked Tapaculos (Eugralla paradoxa), and Des Murs's Wiretails (Sylviorthorhynchus desmursii), and the ground-gleaner Chucao Tapaculos (Scelorchilus rubecula) were more abundant in high-bamboo plots; but the ground-gleaner Black-throated Huet-huet (Pteroptochos tarnii) was recorded more times in plots with low-bamboo cover.Availability of invertebrates per unit of understory dry mass did not differ between high- and low-bamboo plots; but plant biomass was greater in high-bamboo plots, so total invertebrate abundance per plot was higher there. Ground-litter invertebrate abundance was similar in all plots. To examine escape-cover preferences, nine captured Chucao Tapaculos were released in front of two different understory scenarios (high-bamboo cover or bamboo-free understory); 88% of released birds moved into bamboo cover. We suggest that the structure of native bamboo understory is critical for the maintenance of four of those species, and retaining bamboo cover in managed stands may help minimize the effect of logging on understory birds.

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Wallach, Van. "Status of the Fossil Snake, Scytalophis De Rochebrune." Journal of Herpetology 20, no. 3 (1986): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564511.

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THINES, ECKHARD, HEIDRUN ANKE, and OLOV STERNER. "Scytalols A, B, C, and D and Other Modulators of Melanin Biosynthesis from Scytalidium sp. 36-93." Journal of Antibiotics 51, no. 4 (1998): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.51.387.

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THINES, E., H. ANKE, and O. STERNER. "ChemInform Abstract: Scytalols A, B, C, and D and Other Modulators of Melanin Biosynthesis from Scytalidium sp. 36-93." ChemInform 29, no. 38 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199838284.

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45

Schulenberg, Thomas S. "Ancash Tapaculo (Scytalopus affinis)." Neotropical Birds, May 1, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2173/nb.anctap1.01.

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46

Greeney, Harold F., and Niels Krabbe. "Chusquea Tapaculo (Scytalopus parkeri)." Neotropical Birds, September 1, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2173/nb.chutap2.01.

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Schulenberg, Thomas S., and Tom Johnson. "Nariño Tapaculo (Scytalopus vicinior)." Neotropical Birds, January 24, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2173/nb.nartap2.01.

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Schulenberg, Thomas S. "Neblina Tapaculo (Scytalopus altirostris)." Neotropical Birds, October 2, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2173/nb.nebtap1.01.

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Schulenberg, Thomas S. "Puna Tapaculo (Scytalopus simonsi)." Neotropical Birds, January 13, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2173/nb.puntap1.01.

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Schulenberg, Thomas S. "Stiles's Tapaculo (Scytalopus stilesi)." Neotropical Birds, March 6, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2173/nb.stitap1.01.

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