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Academic literature on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2005 R395'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SD 121 UL 2005 R395"
Renaud, Maxime. "Procédure facilitant l'élaboration d'une mosaïque d'interventions forestières écologiquement acceptable et opérationnellement réalisable à l'échelle du paysage. Le cas de la pessière à mousses du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22800/22800.pdf.
Full textLachance, Bernard. "Développement d'une structure topologique de données 3D pour l'analyse de modèles géologiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22501/22501.pdf.
Full textGastaldello, Pierre. "Remise en production des bétulaies jaunes résineuses dégradées. Étude du succès d'installation de la régénération et des variations abiotiques et physionomiques à l'intérieur du lit de germination." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23006/23006.pdf.
Full textDue to several decades of highgrading practices, it is estimated that 2,3 % of the overall area of the balsam fir – yellow birch eco-climatic domain is now composed of degraded stands. This study tested some scarification patterns to favour the installation of yellow birch seedling in those deteriorated stands. Mineral soil pockets, one and two meters wide have been made by an excavator. Displaced mineral soil and organic debris removed from pockets were pushed aside to form a mound. Results demonstrated positive effects of the scarification technique. An abundant seedling installation and optimum available light conditions have been measured within the pockets. However, poorer soil fertility in the pockets compared to mounds and undisturbed seedbeds could cause a delay in the seedlings growth.
Avila, Rangel José De Jesús. "El control del crecimiento urbano con la ayuda del catastro y del plan de ordenamiento del territorio : estudio del caso de Guanajuato, Mexico." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18107.
Full textIn Mexico, the management of the development of the rural and urban space is under the responsibility of the municipalities. They must exert control of the use of the territories, public and private. Until now, the expansion of the urban use of the land had an irregular and incoherent characteristic, especially with the concerns of the possession of land as the municipality’s decisions in the matter of urban development. Normally, the urbanization process is a real-estate phenomenon that is regulated and oriented by the Mexican constitution (and its reforms), governmental norms, needs of the population and economical restrictions. Because of the reform of the ownership of the land in Mexico and some social phenomenon’s (as the growth of the population, housing necessity, capacity to mortgage), the real estate market has mainly developed in the periphery of the City of Guanajuato, which causes an urban occupation of the land not suited for that purpose. This situation, combined with a weak land registry of the new plots, gives origin to the informal property. The development plans and urban organization have become obsolete. The weak interaction between the land registry and the actions of territorial organization is one of the main problems caused by the irregular urban growth also causing weak land registry of the uses of the land. An informal and chaotic invasion of the lands not affected to urban uses creates a crisis in the way to offer basic services to the property (potable water, used water, streets, and electrical networks). Then it is necessary to analyze the urban growth of Guanajuato, with the purpose of understanding and identifying the different components that are involved in the territorial development. With this aim, a study has been made in a peripheral zone of the city, in order to show critical points of the problem and to clarify future proposals of investigation.
En México, la gestión del desarrollo del espacio rural y urbano es una responsabilidad de los municipios. Éstas deben ejercer un control sobre la utilización de los territorios tanto públicos como privados. Hasta ahora, la expansión de la ocupación urbana del suelo tuvo la característica de ser irregular e incoherente, tanto en lo que concierne al respeto de la tenencia de las tierras como de las decisiones estatales y municipales en materia de desarrollo urbano. Normalmente, el proceso de urbanización es un fenómeno inmobiliario que es encuadrado y orientado por la constitución mexicana (y sus reformas), las normas gubernamentales, las necesidades de la población, las coacciones económicas, etc. A causa de las reformas de la tenencia de la tierra en México y fenómenos sociales (ejemplo: crecimiento de la población, la necesidad de vivienda, solicitud de préstamos hipotecarios), el mercado inmobiliario principalmente, se desarrolló en la periferia de la ciudad de Guanajuato, lo que ocasiona una ocupación urbana sobre tierras no destinadas a los usos urbanos. Esta situación tiene como consecuencia un registro catastral débil de las nuevas parcelas y da origen así a la propiedad informal. Los planes de desarrollo y de organización urbana se han vuelto obsoletos. La interacción débil entre el catastro y las acciones de organización territorial es hoy uno de los principales problemas que suscitó el crecimiento urbano irregular de la ciudad y un débil registro de los fraccionamientos. La invasión anárquica e informal de tierras no destinadas al desarrollo urbano provoca una crisis en el modo de ofrecer servicios de base a la propiedad (agua potable, goteo, calles, red eléctrica, etc.). Es pues necesario, hacer un análisis de la situación del crecimiento urbano de Guanajuato, con el fin de comprender y de identificar los diferentes componentes que destinan el desarrollo territorial. Con este fin, un estudio de caso ha sido realizado en una zona de la periferia de la ciudad, para mostrar puntos críticos de la problemática y clarificar las propuestas futuras de la investigación.
Rodriguez-Pabon, Orlando. "Cadre théorique pour l'évaluation des infrastructures d'information géospatiale." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18130.
Full textMany countries around the world are constructing Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). In order to meet more important SDI expectations and goals, several approaches have been conducted. However, the literature suggests that SDI initiatives do not necessarily meet the major users’ needs and that the most important objectives have not yet been reached. This fact raises a number of questions, mainly the issue as to whether or not the real usefulness of SDI initiatives is limited. If this were the case, SDI projects would not be sufficiently justified and consequently available resources scarcer. Therefore, it becomes necessary to evaluate SDI initiatives. In spite of this, there does not exist, to date, enough valid or widespread criteria based upon which SDI can be evaluated. Hence, it is essential that relevant criteria be defined, through which it is possible to evaluate such approaches, as well as their results. In order to reach this goal, we conducted qualitative research to develop a theoretical framework for the evaluation of SDI projects, through the identification and description of common success criteria across different contextual backgrounds. Our first step was to conceptualize the evaluation and success antecedents through the literature. Secondly, an International Web Survey was conducted applying Delphi study basis. Finally, the core of this research was two SDI case studies. Switzerland and Uruguay were examined in order to gain better understanding of criteria and context. We propose that SDI evaluation should be a process that involves everyone in the social construction of these infrastructures. Thus, SDI can be evaluated based on two major dimensions: "Quality Dimension" and "Virtue Dimension". Each dimension is composed of evaluation zones. We suggest that SDI can become largely valuable projects only if they are useful to society. This two-dimensional evaluation framework should be a good tool to help SDI organizations to estimate and improve the success of SDI initiatives. It allows the definition of conditions under which the SDI objectives may be planned and judged, while respecting the diversity of approaches adopted by each community. The notion of useful assessment, promoting training and social transformation, underlies the theoretical framework proposed.
Pontin, Michele Geovana. "Propriétés physico-mécaniques de trois bois tropicaux au-dessous et au-dessus de la saturation des membranes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22908/22908.pdf.
Full textAlteyrac, Jérôme. "Influence de la densité de peuplement et de la hauteur dans l'arbre sur les propriétés physico-mécaniques du bois d'épinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22792/22792.pdf.
Full textThirty-six black spruce trees were collected in the Chibougamau area, north of Québec City and assigned into three stand density groups according to their local stand density. The trees were cut into three logs of 2.7-m in length from which the upper 30-cm long bolt was sawn and used as the sampling material. The aim of the study was to determine the variations of the wood properties in relation to stand density at different sampling heights. These properties, considered as determinant for wood quality, are wood density, growth rate, shrinkage, mechanical properties and anatomical structure. Moreover, these anatomical, physical and mechanical properties were studied on the same sample in order to highlight the relations among them. X-ray densitometry and the WinCell software were used to determine wood density and the anatomical structure, for each growth ring, in order to obtain a radial profile in relation to cambial age. The microfibril angle was measured by the SilviScan technology at CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products Department, Australia, and the mechanical properties were determined by static bending on specimens taken from pith to bark. The results show a high radial variation of the main wood characteristics from pith to bark where some of them (ring area, maximum ring density, microfibril angle, modulus of elasticity) characterise the juvenile wood to mature wood transition. The results show that most of the significant variation of wood characteristics occurs with sampling height rather than with stand density, these variations being more important in juvenile wood. One observes that stand density has more impact on growth traits than on wood density traits. The study of the transition age from juvenile wood to mature wood calculated from the radial pattern of ring area and maximum ring density, highlights a significant effect of sampling height. This effect results in a reduction of the juvenile period from 17 to 12 years at the top of the tree. Nevertheless, the juvenile wood volume proportion seems to present little variation with sampling height. The effect of stand density on transition age is not significant but it seems that the proportion of juvenile wood is higher in the high stand density group. A statistical analysis by a mixed model showed a strong effect of microfibril angle and ring density on mechanical properties but no significant effect of ring width.
Cotteret, Gilles. "Extraction d'éléments curvilignes guidée par des mécanismes attentionnels pour des images de télédétection. Approche par fusion de données." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23332/23332.pdf.
Full textThe extraction of curvilinear elements from remote sensing images, especially when noisy or near the limit of resolution constitutes a significant challenge for data-processing algorithms. In this work a method is presented for linear feature extraction in remote sensing (RS) images. An original model (ELECA) is introduced allowing out of date geographical information system (GIS) data to be updated though the use of a visual search method that mimics human eye movements. The ELECA model is composed of three parts : (1) a visual search module using virtual gaze to avoid processing the entire image ; (2) a simple and fast method for local information extraction by a clever adaptation of connected-component labeling ; and (3) an original method for the fusion of local information to construct a global representation at the scale of the image based on qualitative spatial reasoning techniques. The ELECA model avoids several problems characteristic of current methods. In particular, the proposed technique can be applied to low resolution or partially occluded images for which currently only human interpreters can successfully process the image. The technique is also designed to be very fast and efficient when a quick GIS update is needed. The last part of this project is devoted to the design of software which supports the ELECA model. The proposed software architecture is adaptive and allows the integration of future model developments. Finally it is shown how the ELECA model could be implemented.
La extracción de elementos curvilíneos de las imágenes de teledetección, sobre todo en proximidad del límite de resolución o en presencia de ruido, representa siempre un reto importante para los algoritmos informáticos, mientras que para los intérpretes humanos es una tarea inmediata. Este trabajo presenta un método nuevo para guiar la extracción de elementos curvilíneos (carreteras, ríos, etc.) de imágenes de teledetección. El objetivo del método consiste en actualizar un sistema de información geográfica (SIG) gracias a un modelo inédito (ELECA) constituído de tres partes. El modelo ELECA desarrolla dos ideas principales. El modelo puede utilizar las imágenes de teledetección y los datos del SIG que están desactualizados. El modelo se basa asimismo en resultados recientes de la investigación en ciencias psico-cognitivas, dado que imita parcialmente el movimiento de los ojos durante una búsqueda visual. Las tres partes del modelo ELECA son: (1) un método de búsqueda de la información local que utiliza un ojo virtual par focalizarse únicamente donde se encuentra la información probable, evitando un tratamiento global de la imagen; (2) un método simple y rápido de extracción de la información local, que utiliza una adaptación astuciosa de un análisis en componentes conexos; y (3) un método original de fusión de informaciones locales que se apoya sobre trabajos de reconstrucción del espacio global por razonamiento espacial cualitativo. El modelo ELECA evita así algunas trampas en las que caen a menudo los métodos clásicos. En particular, la técnica propuesta puede ser utilizada para imágenes parcialmente enmascaradas o de baja resolución, que sólo pueden ser tratadas actualmente por intérpretes humanos. El método ha sido elaborado para ser eficiente en la actualización rápida de un SIG si es necesario. La última parte de este trabajo presenta una solución informática elaborada para soportar el modelo ELECA. Una arquitectura de programa flexible y adaptable es presentada, permitiendo la integración de desarrollos ulteriores del modelo. Finalmente, un aspecto algorítmico muestra concretamente que las soluciones del modelo ELECA. se pueden implantar en términos informáticos.
Larouche, Catherine. "Effet du patron de répartition des coupes et des variables du milieu sur les pertes par chablis dans les lisières : cas de la sapinière à bouleau blanc de l'Est." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22450/22450.pdf.
Full textMonnet, Sophie. "L'apprentissage collaboratif, outil d'évaluation de la décision en aménagement forestier : L'étude du cas de la Table de concertation AC 043-20." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22781/22781.pdf.
Full textThe public increasingly influences forestry policy in Québec. Today, in addition to the traditional decision-makers (forestry industry and governmental agency for resource management), other forest users are encouraged to participate in drafting of sustainable forest management (SFM) plans. Exchange of information during debates between participants nourishes their learning. Conversely, the roots of the debate arise from stakeholders’ knowledge and social skills. An assessment of collaborative learning can therefore throw light on the impacts of cooperation between groups. Mostly qualitative, our research combines the sociological, political and educational domains in a forestry context. Results come from an amalgamation of observations and measurements of the stakeholders’ perception during the participation process. The appraisal was performed with datas gathered from five collection tools (direct observations meetings of an advisory committee, questionnaires, evaluation forms of SFM workshops, semi-guided individual interviews and a literature review). Two focus groups were also used to validate analyses and to allow a return of results to the participants. Deliberation and collaboration strategies drive individual and collective changes. The formal expression of the SFM plan and the commitment to continual improvement process induce stakeholders’ satisfaction. Learnings partially improve fairness and the effectiveness of the decision making process. However, group members have an ambiguous perception about time while the participation process moves on to further stages. Also implementation of the plan involves some uncertainties for the participants. Moreover, the power linked to information, as the limits of representativeness of certain participants, creates relationships of differing influence between participants. Taking into consideration the dominance of the forest industry, integration of various participants’ expertise in forest planning represents an important challenge. In helping to clarify the frame of participative policies, this research offers a new indicator for monitoring cooperative decision-making. Although this research is a case of study, ten points are identified to facilitate collaborative decision making in forest management planning.