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Academic literature on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2006 F917'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SD 121 UL 2006 F917"
Frisco, Caroline. "L'arrêt du développement chez les lépidoptères : la 20-hydroxyecdysone est-elle toujours impliquée ?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23892/23892.pdf.
Full textBédard, Karine. "La construction de modèles géologiques 3D à l'ère de la normalisation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23556/23556.pdf.
Full textThe use of three-dimensional models represents an interesting approach to visualize, understand and analyze a geological environment. In Earth sciences, construction of 3D models and their use remain however not very widespread. That can be explained, in part, by the diversity of available data and the numerous steps required to build a valid and coherent 3D model. The purpose of this project is thus to propose a procedural guide that logically assembles 3D geological model construction steps while formally describing geometrical data (point, line, surface and volume) used. This formal description is based on ISO/TC211 geographic information standards to which an extension for the representation of the volumetric objects is added. The proposed guide facilitates the construction of 3D models by non-expert modellers. It was tested by non-experts who succeeded, in a proportion of 80%, in building 3D geological models which allows us to confirm the effectiveness and utility of the guide.
Cotteret, Gilles. "Extraction d'éléments curvilignes guidée par des mécanismes attentionnels pour des images de télédétection. Approche par fusion de données." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23332/23332.pdf.
Full textThe extraction of curvilinear elements from remote sensing images, especially when noisy or near the limit of resolution constitutes a significant challenge for data-processing algorithms. In this work a method is presented for linear feature extraction in remote sensing (RS) images. An original model (ELECA) is introduced allowing out of date geographical information system (GIS) data to be updated though the use of a visual search method that mimics human eye movements. The ELECA model is composed of three parts : (1) a visual search module using virtual gaze to avoid processing the entire image ; (2) a simple and fast method for local information extraction by a clever adaptation of connected-component labeling ; and (3) an original method for the fusion of local information to construct a global representation at the scale of the image based on qualitative spatial reasoning techniques. The ELECA model avoids several problems characteristic of current methods. In particular, the proposed technique can be applied to low resolution or partially occluded images for which currently only human interpreters can successfully process the image. The technique is also designed to be very fast and efficient when a quick GIS update is needed. The last part of this project is devoted to the design of software which supports the ELECA model. The proposed software architecture is adaptive and allows the integration of future model developments. Finally it is shown how the ELECA model could be implemented.
La extracción de elementos curvilíneos de las imágenes de teledetección, sobre todo en proximidad del límite de resolución o en presencia de ruido, representa siempre un reto importante para los algoritmos informáticos, mientras que para los intérpretes humanos es una tarea inmediata. Este trabajo presenta un método nuevo para guiar la extracción de elementos curvilíneos (carreteras, ríos, etc.) de imágenes de teledetección. El objetivo del método consiste en actualizar un sistema de información geográfica (SIG) gracias a un modelo inédito (ELECA) constituído de tres partes. El modelo ELECA desarrolla dos ideas principales. El modelo puede utilizar las imágenes de teledetección y los datos del SIG que están desactualizados. El modelo se basa asimismo en resultados recientes de la investigación en ciencias psico-cognitivas, dado que imita parcialmente el movimiento de los ojos durante una búsqueda visual. Las tres partes del modelo ELECA son: (1) un método de búsqueda de la información local que utiliza un ojo virtual par focalizarse únicamente donde se encuentra la información probable, evitando un tratamiento global de la imagen; (2) un método simple y rápido de extracción de la información local, que utiliza una adaptación astuciosa de un análisis en componentes conexos; y (3) un método original de fusión de informaciones locales que se apoya sobre trabajos de reconstrucción del espacio global por razonamiento espacial cualitativo. El modelo ELECA evita así algunas trampas en las que caen a menudo los métodos clásicos. En particular, la técnica propuesta puede ser utilizada para imágenes parcialmente enmascaradas o de baja resolución, que sólo pueden ser tratadas actualmente por intérpretes humanos. El método ha sido elaborado para ser eficiente en la actualización rápida de un SIG si es necesario. La última parte de este trabajo presenta una solución informática elaborada para soportar el modelo ELECA. Una arquitectura de programa flexible y adaptable es presentada, permitiendo la integración de desarrollos ulteriores del modelo. Finalmente, un aspecto algorítmico muestra concretamente que las soluciones del modelo ELECA. se pueden implantar en términos informáticos.
Almeida, Giana. "Influence de la structure du bois sur ses propriétés physico-mécaniques à des teneurs en humidité élevées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23430/23430.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to improve the knowledge of the influence of the wood structure on its physical and mechanical properties. Three temperate and five tropical hardwoods were studied in order to have a high diversity of anatomical properties. Two experimental techniques (saturated salt solutions and pressure membrane method) were used to perform moisture sorption tests at 25ºC. These sorption tests were combined with physical and mechanical property measurements. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique was used in order to separate different components of water in wood during desorption. The porous structure of these hardwoods was characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and by quantitative anatomical analyses. The results showed that at equilibrium moisture content, radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage, as well as changes in transverse strength, occur above the fiber saturation point (FSP). This result indicates that the loss of bound water takes place in the presence of liquid water. This remaining liquid water would be entrapped on the least permeable tissue elements (ray parenchyma). The initial equilibrium moisture content (EMC) at which bound water starts to be removed varied largely among wood species. The NMR results confirmed that, even at equilibrated conditions, a region exists where the loss of liquid water and bound water take place simultaneously. This region will vary according to the wood structure. Liquid water was present at EMC values lower than the fiber saturation point, which contradicts the concept of this point. At higher values of relative humidity the desorption curves largely varied among species. Quantitative anatomical and MIP results were useful to a better comprehension of the influence of wood structure on the wood - water relationships. Concerning the dimensional properties, a large variation of the shrinkage values was observed among the species studied. Temperate species had larger shrinkage values and the basic density was not correlated with shrinkage when temperate and tropical values were analyzed together. Finally, the present work gives information about fundamental aspects of wood – water relationships, which are important for a better utilization of this material.
Moutee, Mohssine. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique du bois au cours du séchage." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23791/23791.pdf.
Full textA new approach and rheological model for modeling the hygro-thermo-mechanical behaviour of wood during drying process are proposed. This approach is based on the resolution of equilibrium equations of Euler-Bernoulli cantilever beam without any assumption on stress distribution through the thickness. A numerical code was developed to predict stress and deformation evolution of wood cantilever at constant and variable moisture conditions. This code was validated using a classical rheological model (Burger model), where analytical solution exists at constant moisture content. A new global rheological model was therefore developed where free shrinkage, instantaneous stress-strain relationships, time induced creep (viscoelastic creep) and mechano-sorptive creep are taken into account. The constitutive law is based on an elasto-viscoplastic model that takes into account the moisture content gradient in wood, the effect of external load by introducing a viscoplastic deformation threshold (permanent strain), and also the combined effect of load and moisture content variation by adding the mechano-sorptive behavior of wood during drying. For the rheological model parameters identification, a cantilever experimental setup was used. Creep tests at 60°C, at different load levels, at different constant moisture contents, and during drying were carried out on white spruce wood (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss.) in the radial direction. Thus, the elastic, viscoelastic, viscoplastic and mechano-sorptive properties obtained experimentally were reproduced by simulation. The good agreement between simulation and experimental results confirms the validity of the proposed numerical approach and the developed rheological model for the experimental conditions considered in this work.
Orzanco, Maria Gabriela. "Exploration de la fusion des informations pour améliorer la fiabilité locale d'une carte forestière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23448/23448.pdf.
Full textIn the traditional forest maps in Quebec, sharp lines represent stand boundaries, forest strata are considered equally concordant in relation to field/cartographic attributes and the woody volume estimations issue from successive regrouping of field plots. The general objective of this research is to explore how different methods can be combined to characterize stand boundaries, forest strata and woody volume estimations, from geomatic and ecological points of view, by map and field information fusion. In order to qualify boundaries, their contrast and spatial contexts are quantified. The integration of these aspects allows the detection of forest sectors where boundary identification could be easiest. A significant relationship exists among the contrast of examined variables with the existence probability of boundaries. Other boundaries are identified from the field plots. These ones correspond to homogeneous plot clusters and to strong spatial discontinuities in the field variables. The two boundary types coincide spatially when neighbourhood differences are intense. The woody volume boundaries are, in this scale, spatially dependent on forest and topographic boundaries. Regression trees are used for grouping field plots considering minimum volume variability. The most effective tree model is associated with field variables. The groups formed with this method present less spatial variability in comparison with the plot groups presently used in Quebec. The forest strata are qualified by their accord map/plot level. For many forest strata the local accord is high while the neighbourhood accord is low. The local accord is attributed to internal strata homogeneity and/or the fact that plots poorly represent the forest stratum. The neighbourhood accord is associated with positional uncertainty of field samples, of boundaries or both. Finally, in order to permit cartographic and field boundary fusion at the element level, the resolution of heterogeneity between field and forest map data must be addressed first. The spatial resolution and semantic ecological significance of cartographic units are the most important of these heterogeneities.
Desmarais, Marie-Ève. "Le «processus d'harmonisation enjeux-solutions», un moyen efficace pour la gestion intégrée des ressources forestières du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23978/23978.pdf.
Full textBoukhecha, Mohammed. "Résolution instantanée des ambiguïtés de phase pour des systèmes hybrides GNSS modernes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24143/24143.pdf.
Full textMoura, Luiz Fernando de. "Étude de trois procédés de finition des surfaces du bois d'érable à sucre pour fins de vernissage." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18665.
Full textThe main objective of this research was to identify the best machining method to prepare sugar maple wood surfaces to varnishing. Conventional sanding, as well as the fixed-oblique-knife pressure-bar cutting and the peripheral helical-knife planing were studied. The possibility of complete or partial substitution of sanding by these other methods was then evaluated. The experiment was divided in four stages: the first three stages aimed to optimize each surfacing method in terms of wood surface quality, while the fourth stage was intended to compare these methods in terms of their aptitude for coating. The surface quality was evaluated based on roughness characteristics, wetting properties and cell damage. The best conditions found in the first three stages are described as follows: oblique cutting at 0.25-mm cutting depth, 25º rake angle, and 30º and 50º oblique angles; cross-grain helical planing at 0.50-mm cutting depth and feed speeds set to 14 and 17 knife marks per 25.4 mm of planed length; and sanding with aluminum oxide at 14 m/min of feed speed, and final grit sizes of 100 and 150. These conditions were tested in the fourth stage of the experiment, in which surfaces were coated with a polyurethane varnish. The quality of the coating films was then assessed by pull-off adhesion tests and by an accelerated aging treatment. Sanding and cross-grain helical planing produced surfaces with no visible defects and yielded the best pull-off adhesion before aging. However, these surfaces underwent a loss of adhesion during aging. On the other hand, the accelerated aging did not affect the adhesion in the oblique-knife pressure-bar cut surfaces. As a result, the pull-off adhesion measured after aging was similar for the three surfacing methods. However, the accelerated aging caused more coating deterioration in cross-grain helical-planed than in sanded samples. Results allow to conclude that oblique cutting and helical planing could reduce the need for sanding.
Pelgas, Betty. "Cartographie génétique comparative chez les Picea et autres pinaceae." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24131/24131.pdf.
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