Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2007 L445'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2007 L445.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Leblanc, Philippe. "Méthode de classification de la difficulté des terrains en fonction des obstacles jonchant le sol des sites forstiers à dégager." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24157/24157.pdf.
Full textMuñoz, Toro Williams Manuel. "Évaluation des systèmes de connexion pour les murs en bois en panneaux préfabriqués." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19661.
Full textThe objective of this research was the evaluation of connection systems for prefabricated light-frame wall-panels for potential improvement. The performance criteria were the resistance and compliance with North-American building codes for high-wind and seismic zones. The studied connection systems were chosen according to their ease of installation, low cost and availability. Three inter-segment connection configurations joining prefabricated wall segments were studied. Nine out-of-plane bending tests and eighteen static and cyclic racking tests were conducted on full-size walls. Results of bending tests indicate that the type of inter-segment connection did not influence the behaviour of the assembled walls. However, the attachment to the foundation with bolts allowed for reaching higher capacity and stiffness. On average, the assembled walls resisted pressures equal to 4.3 kPa, which corresponds to 232 km/h wind-speed. The racking tests results indicated that the configuration of inter-segment connection did not have a significant influence on the performance of wall assemblies. The walls with hold-down anchors showed a double resistance in comparison with walls without hold-downs. Shear capacities of tested walls were in close agreement with the design values specified in CSA-086 for shear walls except for one monotonic test of a non-anchored specimen. Finite element models were used to study the behaviour of walls assemblies subjected to in plane racking and out-of-plane bending loads. Auxiliary tests on nailed and screw connections provided input data for the model. Modeling results showed satisfactory predictions for identifying the failure zones and describing non-linear behaviour of prefabricated walls. The collected information contributes to a quantitative analysis of conventional and engineered light-frame walls. This information is crucial for the development of design methodologies for lateral load resisting systems of prefabricated houses.
Banville, Simon. "Aspects liés à la résolution des ambiguïtés de phase dans le positionnement ponctuel de précision (PPP) par GPS." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24747/24747.pdf.
Full textGPS Precise Point Positioning (PPP) still requires long observation sessions in order to achieve cm-level accuracy because ambiguity resolution in point positioning is affected by unmodeled errors and by the presence of receiver and satellite phase biases. In order to gain a better understanding of ambiguity resolution in PPP, an error budget has been made to assess the possibilities of accurate ambiguity fixing. Then, an approach using a GPS simulator has been proposed to calibrate receiver phase biases, and the results show evidence of unmodeled code biases and thermal effects in the receiver. Finally, modifications to the actual calibration methods of satellite phase biases have been suggested to improve compatibility with PPP’s functional model. Residual errors still affect the estimated values and suggestions are made to improve the proposed methodology. The calibration of phase biases is an important issue in achieving instantaneous cm-level point positioning.
Inscrit au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures
Rondeau, Mathieu. "La géomatique au service de l'archéologie de terrain : la solution Arch-Tablet." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19678.
Full textRycabel, Tadeusz. "Qualité et rendement en sciages selon les conditions de croissance des tiges d'épinette noire (Picea mariana Mill.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24228/24228.pdf.
Full textThe development of black spruce stands under various ecological conditions and the hierarchy of the trees according to various heigths in a stand (dominant (over story) or dominated (under story)) influence the stem form and increment (growth rate). Stems characteristics influence directly the volume and the quality of the products. Therefore, the objectives of this research were: (1) to evaluate the quality of the stems and the yield in sawing according to specific conditions of growth of the stands and the trees; (2) to build a suitable model which describes the relationships among stand density, trees growth conditions, trees growth on various sites, mechanical properties as well as wood quality and value. Trees (180) taken in two natural stands (1) Alno rugosae – Piceetum marianae which constitute a rich site, SI ≈ 11 m at 50 years (Tembec site) and (2) Ledo groenlandici – Piceetum marianae which is described as poor site, SI ≈ 6 m at 50 years (Norbord site) showing various characteristics (age, diameter, stem position) were studied. The proportion and frequency of the defects such as curves and taper were evaluated on the entire bole. Wood mechanical properties (MOE and MOR) and defects before and after drying were directly determined for each piece of lumber (1500). The space available to each tree to grow was quantified with a new index. The index of competition (IC), characterizes the competition a tree undergoes and enables comparisons with wood characteristics. The statistical analyses indeed showed thad the IC become the principal variable to explain the characteristics of the trees, the volume of harvested wood and the value fo the products. Thus, the methodology consisted to elaborate a coherent system of equations which adequately reflects the productivity according to these various properties. This research contributes both to the fields of forest management and wood technology. The results obtained indicate that the mechanical properties of the lumber obtained in the Norbord site are definitely higher compared to lumber obtained from the Tembec site. The average MOE for lumber of the Norbord site reaches 13,4 GPa compared to 11,2 GPa for wood coming from the Tembec site. Thus, the MOR is estimated to 64,3 MPa and 48,7 MPa respectively for the Norbord and Tembec sites. However, the total volume of the products in the Tembec site is 3,5 times higher than in the Norbord site : 43,0 m3/ha (18,2 Mpmp/ha) for Norbord and 150,5 m3/ha (63,8 Mpmp/ha) for Tembec. Consequently, the total value per hectare ($/ha) of wood collected on the territory of Tembec (16 012 $) represents threefold the value of the lumber of the other site (5 514 $) even if the price per unit volume is more advantageous for the lumber of Norbord.
Bakillah, Mohamed. "Développement d'une approche géosémantique intégrée pour ajuster les résultats des requêtes spatiotemporelles dans les bases de données géospatiales multidimensionnelles évolutives." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24136/24136.pdf.
Full textBouillé, Marie. "Étude de l'évolution moléculaire du genre Picea A. Dietrich (Pinaceae) : phylogénies de gènes et phylogénies d'espèces." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25017/25017.pdf.
Full textMessier, Frédéric. "Détermination de la ligne des hautes eaux dans le cadre de l'application de la Politique de protection des rives, du littoral et des plaines inondables : le cas des petits cours d'eau non instrumentés." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24416/24416.pdf.
Full textInscrit au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures
Sabo, Mamane Nouri. "Intégration des algorithmes de généralisation et des patrons géométriques pour la création des objets auto-généralisants (SGO) afin d'améliorer la généralisation cartographique à la volée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24670/24670.pdf.
Full textWith the technological development of these past years, geospatial data became increasingly accessible to general public. New applications such as Webmapping or SOLAP which allow visualising the data also appeared. However, the dynamic and interactive nature of these new applications requires that all operations, including generalization processes, must be carried on-the–fly. Automatic generalization has been an important research topic for more than thirty years. In spite of recent advances, it clearly appears that actual generalization methods can not reach alone the degree of automation and the response time needed by these new applications. To improve the process of on-the-fly map generalization, this thesis proposes an approach based on a new concept called SGO (Self-generalizing object). The SGO allows to encapsulate geometric patterns (generic geometric forms common to several map features), generalization algorithms and the spatial integrity constraints in the same object. This approach allows us to include additional human expertise in an efficient way at the level of individual cartographic features, which then leads to database enrichment that better supports automatic generalization. Thus, during a database enrichment process, a SGO is created and associated with a cartographic feature, or a group of features. Then, each created SGO is transformed into a software agent (SGO agent) in order to give them autonomy. SGO agents are equipped with behaviours which enable them to coordinate the generalization process. As a proof of concept, two prototypes based on Open Source technologies were developed in this thesis. The first prototype allows the creation of the SGO. The second prototype based on multi-agents technology, uses the created SGO in order to generate data on arbitrary scales thanks to an on-the-fly map generalization process. Real data of Quebec City at scale 1: 1000 were used in order to test the developed prototypes.
Boukhecha, Mohammed. "Résolution instantanée des ambiguïtés de phase pour des systèmes hybrides GNSS modernes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24143/24143.pdf.
Full textBeaudin, Isabelle. "Potentiel de la télédétection pour le suivi et la caractérisation des conditions de sécheresse en milieu méditerranéen." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24216/24216.pdf.
Full textCurrent techniques for the detection and monitoring of droughts are based on meteorological networks. The small number of stations, often badly located makes these networks poorly representatives of the area they cover. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of satellite imagery for the detection, characterization and monitoring of drought conditions in Andalusia, in southern Spain. The satellite imagery used in this study comes from the NOAA 11 AVHRR sensor. Two indices (VCI and TCI) were calculated over 11 km2 areas centered over 11 meteorological stations. These were compared to the SPI, a widely used meteorological index. Correlation analysis between VCI, TCI and SPI show a good relation during drought periods and seem to support the use of satellite imagery for monitoring drought in the Mediterranean region.
Miranda, Salas Marcelo. "Modélisation de la productivité forestière de Pinus radiata D. Don à partir de patrons de variabilité spatiotemporelle de l'espèce et de l'environnement." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19447.
Full textLepage, Dave. "Évaluer les besoins des entrepreneurs forestiers sous-traitant la récolte de matière ligneuse afin de développer un tableau de bord de gestion." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24253/24253.pdf.
Full textLaberge, Pelletier Caroline. "L'environnement des éricacées des forêts de l'est du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24402/24402.pdf.
Full textThe objective of the present ecological inventory was to characterize the presence of three common ericad species: Rhododendron groenlandicum, Vaccinium species and Kalmia angustifolia, in Quebec North Shore forests, and to better understand their presence in relation to environmental factors. Ninety-seven sites within the undisturbed black spruce-feathermoss (Picea mariana) forest north of Baie-Comeau were selected for the study. Rhododendron had the highest mean cover, followed by Vaccinium and Kalmia. The presence of these species was associated with an open forest canopy, acid, coarse-textured and nutrient-poor soils. Ericads were strongly associated with black spruce-dominated forests, with presence decreasing as the balsam fir (Abies balsamea) component increased. Four vegetation associations were identified, including an Ericad-lichen group that included the three ericads and three Cladina species. Results may be used to help identify and classify sites vulnerable to ericaceous invasion after forest harvest.
Dagenais, Christian. "Aboutage de l'érable à sucre pour la fabrication de produits de bois d'ingénierie structuraux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24607/24607.pdf.
Full textFinger-jointed softwood lumber is often used in manufacturing of structural engineered wood products such as glued laminated (glulam) beams and prefabricated wood I-joists. In Québec, producers of engineered wood products utilize generally wood species of Spruce-pine-fir (SPF) group, which includes softwood species recognized in Canadian standards. As hardwood species, sugar maple is not listed in the product standards, although, presumably, it can offer an interesting alternative to softwoods from the view point of strength. Literature review shows that there are many studies on finger-jointing but there are few on finger jointing of hardwoods. Certain machining parameters have to be controlled in order to produce suitable gluing surfaces and to optimize the finger-jointing process. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of machining parameters on the ultimate tensile strength parallel to grain (UTS) of finger-jointed sugar maple dimension lumber. Three different chip-loads and three cutting speeds were used as variables. Based on test results, the cutting speed appeared to influence the UTS the most. The best UTS (47.1 MPa) of finger-jointed sugar maple specimens were achieved with a chip-load of 0.60 mm and a cutting speed of 2726 m/min (rotation speed of 3250 RPM and feed speed of 11.7 m/min). Finally, results of the study show that finger-jointed sugar maple possesses a good potential for structural applications including fabrication of structural engineered wood products.
Voinot, Damien. "Caractérisation des composés organiques volatils issus du séchage du bois. Application au chêne rouge et au pin gris." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24308/24308.pdf.
Full textThis study focuses on the characterization and quantification of the volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted during the dehumidification drying of red oak and the conventional drying of Jack pine at medium temperature. The methods used in this study were NCASI IM/CAN/WP-99.02, NCASI MD-99 and US-EPA 25A. We also employed a new technique for characterizing the volatile molecules: Headspace-SPME, which enables the laboratory simulation of pine and oak drying. Jack pine showed very high VOC emission rates: 2,24 gVOC/kgODW. The main monoterpenes identified among the volatiles released during the drying of jack pine were: alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and 3-carene. The main polar compounds collected from jack pine were methanol, acetaldehyde and methyl acetate, and the main polar compounds collected from red oak were acetic acid (vastly predominant), methanol and ethanol. Headspace-SPME enabled the identification of several volatile polyphenols (eugenol, etc.) released by red oak, as well as the identification of bioactive sesquiterpenes (such as alpha-humulene and caryophyllene) released by Jack pine.
Moutee, Mohssine. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique du bois au cours du séchage." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23791/23791.pdf.
Full textA new approach and rheological model for modeling the hygro-thermo-mechanical behaviour of wood during drying process are proposed. This approach is based on the resolution of equilibrium equations of Euler-Bernoulli cantilever beam without any assumption on stress distribution through the thickness. A numerical code was developed to predict stress and deformation evolution of wood cantilever at constant and variable moisture conditions. This code was validated using a classical rheological model (Burger model), where analytical solution exists at constant moisture content. A new global rheological model was therefore developed where free shrinkage, instantaneous stress-strain relationships, time induced creep (viscoelastic creep) and mechano-sorptive creep are taken into account. The constitutive law is based on an elasto-viscoplastic model that takes into account the moisture content gradient in wood, the effect of external load by introducing a viscoplastic deformation threshold (permanent strain), and also the combined effect of load and moisture content variation by adding the mechano-sorptive behavior of wood during drying. For the rheological model parameters identification, a cantilever experimental setup was used. Creep tests at 60°C, at different load levels, at different constant moisture contents, and during drying were carried out on white spruce wood (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss.) in the radial direction. Thus, the elastic, viscoelastic, viscoplastic and mechano-sorptive properties obtained experimentally were reproduced by simulation. The good agreement between simulation and experimental results confirms the validity of the proposed numerical approach and the developed rheological model for the experimental conditions considered in this work.
Bernier-Leduc, Marjolaine. "Évaluation de la faune aviaire dans des haies brise-vent intégrant des arbustes porteurs de produits forestiers non ligneux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19255.
Full textNabhani, Messaoud. "Application d'un modèle de transfert de masse et de chaleur au séchage à haute température : détermination expérimentale des paramètres du modèle et sa validation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24701/24701.pdf.
Full textLévesque, Johann. "Évaluation de la qualité des données géospatiales : approche top-down et gestion de la métaqualité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24759/24759.pdf.
Full textRageul, Nicolas. "Vers une optimisation du processus d'analyse en ligne de données 3D : cas des fouilles archéologiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24791/24791.pdf.
Full textCai, Xiaolin. "Wood modifications for valued-added applications using nanotechnology-based approaches." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24888/24888.pdf.
Full textThe development of value-added wood products from low-quality resource through innovative technology presents an excellent opportunity to maximize the value from the forest resource and thus contributes to the global competitiveness of the wood industry in Canada. To combine nanotechnology with chemical impregnation technique becomes particularly appealing to improve some value-added wood attributes such as wood surface hardness, abrasion resistance and dimensional stability. The combination of nanotechnology with the traditional impregnation technique has provided a new approach to improve the wood quality attributes of critical importance to value-added applications. In this study, wood polymer nanocomposites were prepared from solid aspen (Populus tremuloides) wood, water-soluble melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin, and montmorillonite aluminium silicate nanoclays. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic montmorillonite nanoclays were introduced to the system. The dispersion of nanoclay is crucial for completely utilizing the concept of nanoparticles. To do so, the montmorillonite nanoclays were ground with a ball-mill before being mixed with MUF resin and impregnated into the aspen wood. The wood samples were impregnated with resin, which polymerized in situ under specific conditions. The influence of the montmorillonite nanoparticles on the curing behaviour of MUF resin and visco-elasticity properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Significant improvements in wood physical and mechanical properties, such as surface hardness, abrasion resistance, modulus of elasticity (MOE) were observed for the specimens impregnated with MUF resin and nanoclay-MUF resin mixtures. Significant improvements in water repellence and dimensional stabilities were also found for the nanofiller/MUF treated wood. The antiswelling efficiency (ASE) was improved from 63.3% to 125.6% for the nanofiller/MUF treated wood. This study also examined the influence of the interphase interactions and morphology between the nanofillers, MUF and wood on the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting wood-polymer nanocomposites using X-ray electron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA). The improved wood properties could be ascribed to inherent properties as well as better interphase interactions between the wood, MUF and nanofillers. Ball-mill treatment favoured the dispersion of the nanofillers into the wood, but broke down functional groups on the hydrophobic nanoclay surface, which was detrimental for the bonding between the nanofiller and MUF matrix. The montmorillonite nanoclay coverage rate on the nanofiller/MUF wood nanocomposite surface was further investigated using the Wincell software analysis of the images of aluminium distribution. By duplicatine the image of aluminium distribution to the part was observed, it was found that the distribution of montmorillonite nanoclay looks like a network along the layer of ML (middle lamella), M (compound middle lamella), P (primary wall), S1 (secondary wall 1). These parts function like a sieve which captured the montmorillonite nanoparticles in the amorphous substance. The adhesion between montmorillonite and MUF resin was observed with AFM. It was confirmed that the functional groups of the organophilic montmorillonites play an important role on the compatibility between montmorillonite nanoclay and MUF resin, have strong influence on the physical/mechanical properties of the nanoclay/MUF wood nanocomposites.
Goulet, Pierre. "Utilisation de la simulation du flux d'une scierie pour déterminer les gains en productivité associés au triage des tiges par dimensions." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24318/24318.pdf.
Full textCivil, Blanc Edna. "Évaluation économique des systèmes agroforestiers en Haïti : étude de cas de Petite Rivière de Nippes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24636/24636.pdf.
Full textCool, Julie. "Étude de trois procédés d'usinage de finition du bois de bouleau blanc." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24626/24626.pdf.
Full textInscrite au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures
Schneider, Robert. "Effet de l'éclaircie commerciale sur la croissance et la qualité du bois du pin gris." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24263/24263.pdf.
Full textOuzennou, Hakim. "Indice de qualité de station des pessières noires irrégulières." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24648/24648.pdf.
Full textWang, Xiao Dong. "Designing, modelling and testing of joints and attachment systems for the use of OSB in upholstered furniture frames." Doctoral thesis, Québec : Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24743/24743.pdf.
Full textBeaulieu, Marie-Ève. "Caractérisation moléculaire des champignons ophiostomatoïdes associés à quatre espèces de scolytes de l'écorce colonisant l'épinette blanche au Québec et phylogénie multigénique d'une nouvelle espèce de Leptographium." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25009/25009.pdf.
Full textPagé, Cinthia. "La communication dans le processus de vulgarisation d'innovations agroforestières dans la région de Ségou, au Mali." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24465/24465.pdf.
Full textNoël, de Tilly Antoine. "Le raisonnement à base de logique propositionnelle à l'appui de la fusion et de la révision de bases de données géospatiales." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19730.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to make a comparison between a qualitative reasoning approach based on PROLOG with another approach based on ASP. Our principal research question was the following : Can the Smodels reasoning engine, allowing for advanced non monotonic reasoning and introducing the stable model concept, allow us to solve ontological consistency checking problems as well as revision problems in a geomatic context ? To answer this question, we carried out a series of tests on a cross-section from the National Topographical Database (NTDB). In the light of the results obtained, this approach has proven very effective and contributes to the amelioration of geospatial information consistency and to the resultant improvement in spatial reasoning.
Pitre, Frédéric. "Impact de la fertilisation azotée sur la formation du bois chez le peuplier : effets à court terme sur la structure, la composition et l'expression génique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25063/25063.pdf.
Full textRompré, Ghislain. "Répartition des oiseaux dans le secteur forestier du canal de Panama : analyse et perspectives." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24664/24664.pdf.
Full textIn this study, I examined the biogeography of avian species richness in fragmented tropical forests in order to understand and predict the effect of habitat loss and fragmentation on avian diversity in endangered forested landscapes near the Panama Canal. To reach this goal, I used the species-area relationship (SAR), a commonly used tool of Conservation Biology. However, the model I employed here differed from the standard SAR since it added the effect of non-random distribution patterns of species richness, and the non-random patterns of habitat loss, both previously neglected. In this study, I show that neither pattern was random. Species richness increased gradually from the dry seasonal forests of the Pacific coast to the humid evergreen forests of the Atlantic coast. Richness was higher in intact mature humid forests with higher vegetation diversity, and in rugged topography (which supports the habitat heterogeneity hypothesis); it also followed area (in larger and continuous tracts of forests). Similarly, habitat loss happened according to two predictable socio-economic patterns: urbanization or conversion to agriculture. Habitat loss scenarios were derived from the strongest factors (biophysical or socio-economic). Owing to the presence of two major growing cities in our study area, most habitat loss is expected to occur following urbanization. Unprotected forests in proximity of urbanized areas, main highways or affluent populations may be in immediate danger of conversion. The species-area relationship used in this study, which included the distribution patterns of richness and the habitat loss scenarios, yielded more dramatic and realistic results, compared to the standard SAR. The model predicted a drastic decline in forest bird species richness following the loss of only 24 % of actual forests remaining, a phenomenon called fragmentation threshold. This result alone may have strong repercussions on conservation discussions in the Panama Canal region and other endangered landscapes in the tropics. The use of this “improved” SAR model in making projections of species loss following habitat loss in the tropics represent a tool that might be extremely useful in conservation since it takes into account non-negligible aspects previously omitted.
Bouvet, Guillaume. "Caractérisations et impacts des transposons à ADN chez Ophiostoma ulmi et O. novo-ulmi, principaux agents de la maladie hollandaise de l'orme." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19454.
Full textKoné, Bakary Bafétégué. "Utilisation de données Lidar pour la caractérisation des grandes cultures : cas du maïs et du soja." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19549.
Full textBerthiaume, Richard. "Écologie évolutive des populations d'arpenteuse de la pruche." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24954/24954.pdf.
Full textInter-populations differences are rarely considered in the management of insect defoliators. Insect management is usually based on models produced from a single population reared in laboratory and which are afterward applied to all populations over the territory. The main objective of this thesis was to determine the level of local adaptation of the populations of one of the most important forest defoliator in Québec, the hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenée)), along a latitudinal gradient. Since the beginning of 1990s, the hemlock looper is the insect defoliator that has damaged the largest area of coniferous forests in Québec. Nevertheless, the biology and the ecology of this important defoliator remain poorly know. Eleven populations collected across a latitudinal gradient (45 to 51oN) were reared under laboratory conditions on various host trees. Two ecotypes were identified: one in the South where larvae go through five instars and one in the North where they have only four instars. This fundamental difference has major consequences on population dynamics. Four instars ecotype shows shorter larval and pupal development, lighter pupae, lower fecundity, but larger egg size compared to the five instars ecotype. Within each ecotype, there are also differences across the latitudinal gradient. Populations are locally adapted to particular conditions of their region which suggest limited gene flow. Moreover, results demonstrate that populations across the latitudinal gradient are adapted to host trees available regionally. Thus, northern populations that evolved in a homogeneous environment that is dominated by boreal trees show local adaptations on these specific host trees. Local adaptation of females to exploit foliage of old balsam fir trees was also detected for the most northern population across the latitudinal gradient. This population originated from a region where old conifer trees are the main constituent of the environment. Our works suggest that major outbreaks of the hemlock looper were mainly localised in the same region (North) where the four instars ecotype evolved.
Silva, Latorre Zaira Melissa. "Variation des propriétés des bois de bouleau jaune et de hêtre à grandes feuilles en fonction de l'humidité d'équilibre à deux températures." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24331/24331.pdf.
Full textTremblay, Claudine. "Pression de sélection de type alimentaire sur une population de tordeuses des bourgeons de l'épinette Choristoneura fumiferana (CLEM.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24353/24353.pdf.
Full textDesmarais, Véronique. "Un cadre d'évaluation du tourisme de nature durable en forêt publique québécoise." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24386/24386.pdf.
Full textShi, Jun Li. "La relation entre les propriétés des panneaux de fibres de densité moyenne et les caractéristiques du bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23592/23592.pdf.
Full textThe effect of raw material on the properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) panels was investigated. Strength properties and dimensional stability of medium density fiberboard (MDF) panels made from black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.) fibers of 1-20, 21-40, and over 40 year-old were studied. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to examine the differences in modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and thickness swell (TS) of the three types of panels, while panel density was treated as a covariate in order to adjust the mean values that were partly attributed to panel density. Results indicate that MOR, internal bond (IB), and water absorption of MDF panels made from 1-20 yearold fibers, were significantly superior to those of panels made from 21-40 and over 40 yearold fibers; but linear expansion (LE) of MDF panels made from 1-20 year-old fibers was significantly larger than that of panels from the other two age classes. The differences in MOR, IB, water absorption, and LE between panels made from 21-40 and over 40 year-old fibers were not significant. Comparisons of panel MOE and TS between the three age classes were relatively dependant on panel density due to the existence of interactions between the age classes. Strength properties and dimensional stability of MDF panels made from black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.) top, mid, and butt logs were studied. ANCOVA was conducted to examine the effect of log position in the tree on panel modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity using the density of panels that were equilibrated at 22 oC and 65 % relative humidity (RH) as a covariate. Results indicate that MOE and IB of MDF panels made from top and mid logs were significantly superior to those of panels made from butt logs; however, there was no significant difference in MOE and IB between panels made from top and mid logs. Water absorption of panels made from top and mid logs was significantly lower than that of panels from butt logs, and the difference in water absorption between panels made from top and mid logs was not significant. TS of panels made from top logs was the smallest among the three types of panels and was significantly different vi from that of panels made from mid and butt logs. The panels made from butt logs yielded the highest TS, which was significantly different from the other two types of panels. The differences in LE between the panels made from top, mid, and butt logs were not significant. Comparison of MOR between panels made from top, mid, and butt logs was dependant on panel density due to the interactions between the three groups. Panel density affected both panel MOR and MOE considerably, however, its impact on IB, LE, TS, and water absorption was not significant in this study. Equations describing the relationships between MOR, MOE and panel density were developed. Flexural properties, internal bond strength, and dimensional stability of MDF panels made from three hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) clones with codes 915303, 915311, and 915313 were studied. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and ANCOVA were both performed to test the differences in MOR and MOE of MDF panels made from the three poplar hybrids. Results indicate that MOR of MDF panels made from clone 915311 was significantly higher than that of panels made from clones 915303 or 915313; however, there was no significant difference in MOR between panels made from clones 915303 or 915313. MOE of panels made from clone 915311 was the highest, and significantly different from that of panels made from either clone 915303 or 915313; MOE of panels made from clone 915303 were the smallest and significantly lower than that of panels from clone 915313. MDF panels made from both clones 915303 and 915311 were superior to those panels made from clone 915313 in IB strength; but there was no significant difference in IB between panels made from clones 915303 or 915311. Dimensional stability of MDF panels was evaluated by LE, TS, and water absorption, and no significant differences were found between the three types of panels. This study shows a significant effect of hybrid poplar clonal variation on panel flexural properties and internal bond strength. This suggests that improvements in MDF panel flexural properties and internal bond strength may be achieved through tree breeding. Additionally, panel density was a factor influencing MDF panel MOR and MOE considerably; as significant linear relationships between MOR, MOE and panel density were determined. Feasibility of using two exotic larch species Larix gmelinii and Larix sibirica as raw material for MDF panel manufacturing was studied. Laboratory MDF panels were fabricated from fibers of these two individual larch species mixed with an approximate proportion of 4:1, and the properties of MDF panels made from fibers of spruce, pine, and fir (S-P-F) were studied as a control. A 10 % urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and 0.5 % wax were blended with the fibers that were generated from larch and S-P-F. The schedule and temperature used for panel hot-pressing were kept constant when making the two types of panels. According to American National Standard ANSI A 208.2-2002 for evaluation of MDF panels for interior application, the MOR of the panels made from larch and S-P-F both met the requirement of Grade 120. The MOE of the panels made from larch did not meet the ANSI minimum requirement; the MOE of panels made from S-P-F met the requirement of Grade 120. Larch panels produced favorable internal bond strength compared to the panels made from S-P-F. IB of larch panels was 0.78 MPa, and met the requirement of ANSI grade 140. MOR and MOE of panels made from larch were lower than those of panels made from S-P-F. This difference can be compensated through optimizing hot-pressing parameters so as to acquire desirable panel density profile. Additionally, the properties of MDF panels made from larch can be improved by properly manipulating refining parameters to reduce fine fiber content in the pulp. It was also found that linear expansion of the panels made from larch was significantly higher than that of the panels fabricated from S-P-F. According to ANSI/AHA A 135.4-1995 standard for basic hardboard, thickness swell and water absorption of the two types of panels were below the maximum specified values. It can be concluded that it is feasible to use the two exotic larch species as raw material for MDF panel manufacturing, although they are still inferior to SP- F. Properties of MDF panels in relation to wood and fiber characteristics were investigated. Laboratory MDF panels were manufactured from raw fiber materials of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.), hybrid poplar clones (Populus spp.), two exotic larch (Larix gmelinii and Larix sibirica), and a mix of spruce, pine, and fir (S-P-F) wood chips. The panels were evaluated for MOR, MOE, IB, LE, TS, and water absorption (WA). These properties were analyzed as response variables. As predictor variables, various wood and viii fiber characteristics were measured including wood density, pH and base buffering capacity and fiber coarseness. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to develop the functional relationships between panel properties (response variables) and wood fiber characteristics (predictor variables). Ten dummy variables were created and incorporated into the analysis to examine the effects of wood species or type on MDF panel properties. MOR was negatively related to arithmetic fine percentage. MOE was negatively affected by the percentage of small particles which can pass through the mesh with size of 0.017 mm2 (mesh size smaller than 0.017 mm2) and wood pH. IB strength was negatively related to arithmetic fine percentage and fiber pH, but positively related to the percentage of small particles (mesh size smaller than 0.017 mm2). Wood density affected LE. TS was negatively affected by arithmetic mean fiber length. Arithmetic mean fiber width had a negative effect on panel WA. The presence of the dummy variables in MOE, IB, and LE models indicates that wood fiber characteristics other than those measured in this study affected panel MOE, IB, and LE significantly. The study indicates that refining process can play a significant role in manipulating MDF panel properties.
Bussières, Daniel. "Influence de l'intégration de produits forestiers non ligneux sur l'abondance et la richesse des micromammifères dans les haies brise-vent et les bandes riveraines." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24910/24910.pdf.
Full textBergeron, Carl. "Modélisation du chablis en pessières régulières et irrégulières : effet de la diversité structurale des pessières noires boréales sur la résistance et la susceptibilité au chablis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24356/24356.pdf.
Full textWorks aimed to evaluate windthrow resistance and susceptibility for black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stands of regular and irregular structure are presented here. Performed tree pulling works permitted to evaluate the critical bending moment in order to quantify the resistance of trees to overturning and stem breakage. Different models where fitted to the data. The critical bending moment is function of stem weight in all cases and influenced by the structure type or the height:diameter ratio in some cases. These results on mechanical resistance, along with crown modelling results and other adjustments, were used in an adaptation of the ForestGALES model in order to quantify windthrow susceptibility. Susceptibility appears to be quite variable between compared stands, both between and within structure types, but average tree spacing and height:diameter ratio explain most of the observed variability.
Huillet, Laetitia. "Tendances spatio-temporelles de répartition chez les oiseaux hivernants durant 26 ans d'étalement urbain à Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24161/24161.pdf.
Full textQuébec City, along with other North American cities, has experienced a very rapid growth in area in the last three decades. We assessed the consequences of urban sprawl on wintering bird trends by determining, among 29 wintering species, those whose trends were correlated to habitat change resulting from urban sprawl. We used data from Christmas Bird Counts (CBC) of Québec City and a series of aerial photos taken between 1978-2003. The Québec Christmas Bird Count territory (a 460 km² circle) is divided in 75 census plots. In order to study land use trends of these plots we scanned and georeferenced 6 series of aerial photos taken between 1978 and 2003 and measured “Green” (parks, residential zones, etc.) and “Grey” (industrial, commercial, etc.) urban areas, agricultural lands, fallow lands and forest patches. We proceeded in two steps. First, we calculated a specific habitat area index for each census plot, species, and year of the study (this habitat index took into account species associations to each land use). Then we measured the relationship between population trends and corresponding habitat change for 1) all the species and 2) individual species. Most species were associated to « green » urban areas and avoided agricultural areas. A large number of species showed a significant habitat gain. Species that had the highest habitat gains showed the highest increase in their population trends. Population trends for at least seven species were strongly associated with local habitat change. However, in most species, association explained by urban sprawl per se is not clear, numerous factors could play a major role in population trends.
Hébert, Julie. "Besoins et attentes des Cris de Waswanipi pour la protection des cours d'eau et sites associés de l'Eeyou Istchee." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18807.
Full textBergeron, Onil. "Dynamique des échanges de dioxyde de carbone de la pessière noire boréale de l'est du Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24790/24790.pdf.
Full textCarbon dioxide emissions from human activities are changing the Earth’s climate. The boreal forest contains enormous carbon (C) stocks and hence it plays a critical role in the global C cycle. Black spruce ecosystems are the dominant cover type in the North American boreal forest, thus it is necessary to understand their response to both climate variability and to ecological disturbances such as forest harvest so as to identify the factors influencing C exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere. The first research chapter (Chap. 3) of this thesis presents a comparison of C exchange for three old black spruce ecosystems located in different regions of Canada. This study showed that warmer soil under deeper snowpack in winter and low light levels in June at the eastern Canada site, which are common conditions in that region, reduced C sequestration relative to that of similar ecosystems in central Canada. Furthermore, a general parameterization at a monthly time resolution was sufficient for characterizing the physiological response of all three black spruce ecosystems to environmental conditions. In the second research chapter (Chap. 4), the C balance and the response of C exchange to environmental conditions of a mature and a recently harvested black spruce site in eastern Canada were quantified. The C balance of these black spruce ecosystems was more affected by their respective developmental stage than by inter-annual climate variability. The response of C exchange to environmental factors showed a greater between- and within-year variability at the harvested site due to the dynamic structure of the vegetation. The third research chapter (Chap. 5) examined forest floor C exchange for a mature black spruce site in eastern Canada measured on different microsites. Soil respiration and forest floor photosynthesis accounted for 76-88% and 16-17% of total ecosystem respiration photosynthesis, respectively. The observed differences of the response of soil respiration to environmental factors suggest that microsite can reflect the spatial variability of soil respiration. All three of these studies provide valuable information for parameterizing and modeling the response of boreal forests to climate variability and to ecological disturbance.
Lamothe, Philippe. "A Crustal Deformation Study of the Charlevoix Seismic Zone in Quebec." Thesis, Québec : Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24890/24890.pdf.
Full textRheault, Héloïse. "Contribution des vieilles pessières noires au maintien de la biodiversité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24173/24173.pdf.
Full textBedon, Frank. "Structure génique et caractérisation fonctionnelle de facteurs de transcription MYB-R2R3 impliqués dans la formation du xylème chez les conifères." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24997/24997.pdf.
Full textBrunet, Jean-Philippe. "Ajout de quatre mesures d'harmonisation à la coupe jardinatoire conventionnelle : une analyse bénéfices-coûts pour la MRC des Laurentides." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24874/24874.pdf.
Full textVolpé, Sylvain. "Analyse des impacts opérationnels et financiers d'un aménagement écosystémique dans la région de la Côte-Nord : le cas de l'Île René-Levasseur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24603/24603.pdf.
Full text