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Academic literature on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2008 G679'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SD 121 UL 2008 G679"
Gosselin, Annie. "Les savoirs locaux et les pratiques en lien avec la gestion des parcs agroforestiers dégradés : le cas des paysans de Kankorokuy, un village bwa du Mali." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20418.
Full textBelleville, Benoît. "Rôle de l'interface bois-adhésif dans les lames de plancher d'ingénierie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25514/25514.pdf.
Full textThe accuracy of models of the hygromechanical behavior of wood composite products is determined by a detailed analysis of each layer. It appears that the section located between the wood substrate and the adhesive film has a significant impact on moisture diffusion inside the composite, acting as a barrier to water vapor diffusion. The phenomenon is responsible for the development of a moisture gradient inside the composite. In engineered wood flooring (EWF), this gradient causes stress essentially located in the hardwood surface layer which is conditioned by the ambient air, whereas the core and the backing layers absorb or desorb water vapor at a much slower rate. Properties concerning the adhesive film and the type of substrate used are available in the literature but still no data can be found for the wood-adhesive interface. A complete and satisfying microscopic interpretation of this region is not actually available in the literature, not only because of the complexity of the interface formation but also the difficulty to isolate and by the same way analyze it. The objective of this study was to investigate the wood-adhesive interface in EWF. The study investigated the wood-adhesive interface for EWF. The steady-state radial water vapor diffusion and the expansion coefficients were determined for the interface formed by the sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) substrate and cross-linked polyvinyl acetate adhesive (XPVAc). A diffusion cup was used for the determination of the steady state water vapor flow. The expansion coefficient was obtained by comparing the differences between the sample size for different conditions. The experimental technique was developed to enhance the accuracy of an actual predictive model of product performances. A comparison of the experimental results with those given in the literature showed a good fit. Engineered wood flooring strips had also been realized for the validation part. Sugar maple had the highest diffusion coefficient at 1.66 x 10-11 m2∙s-1 and the free film of XPVAc had the lowest at 4.18 x 10-12 m2∙s-1. As expected, the diffusion coefficient obtained for the wood-adhesive interface is slightly higher than that of pure XPVAc film but lower than that of solid wood at 5.73 x 10-12 m2∙s-1. The tangential coefficient of moisture expansion for the wood-adhesive interface was found to be 4 x 10-3 mm∙mm-1∙%-1 and 3 x 10-3 mm∙mm-1∙%-1 for the XPVAc. In the case of sugar maple, the tangential shrinkage coefficient at 3 x 10-3 mm∙mm-1∙%-1 was slightly lower than the tangential expansion coefficient at 4 x 10-3 mm∙mm-1∙%-1. A comparison of the experimental results, previous modeling results and improved model results are presented. The consideration of the interface effects did not have a significant influence on the hygromechanical distortion of engineered wood flooring. The determination of the diffusion coefficients confirmed the importance of the interface concerning the water vapor movement inside the composite material. However, improved model considering the interface effects was not closer to the experimental curve than the previous model without interfaces.
Castellanos, Belalcazar Guido Fernando. "Application du Lidar aéroporté pour la caractérisation des vergers." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25603/25603.pdf.
Full textDuring the last twenty years, large technological advances in active airborne remote sensing have allowed its application to the forest and agricultural sectors. The Lidar sensor determines the distance and the position of an object, based on the time taken by a beam of light to reach the ground and to return to the sensor. Lidar has been successfully used in forestry studies because it results in a characterization of the structure of forest stands in three dimensions. Data collection is fast and non-intrusive. On the other hand, the fusion of Lidar data with multi-spectral data opens a large number of potential forestry applications because it provides information about the type of vegetation, the foliar density of trees, their phenology, as well as optical properties of certain species. The Financière Agricole de Québec (FADQ) in association with the Laboratoire de géomatique agricole et appliquée (GAAP), has used this technology to assess the yield and the quality of orchards in Québec. The present project aims at demonstrating the potential of Lidar and of multi-spectral data to show in 3D attributes of structure of individual apple trees such as the size of the crown and the estimation of the tree height. This then allows us to estimate the foliar biomass, the density of foliage and individual tree geo-positioning obtained by Lidar. The results of the tree counting and apple production estimations are compared with field data and with statistics from FADQ. The correlations are high, demonstrating that the Lidar method is able to accurately evaluate the production of apple orchards.
Quezada, García Roberto. "Potentiel des insectes de la famille histeridae comme indicateurs de perturbation environnementale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20019.
Full textMcHugh, Rosemarie. "Intégration de la structure matricielle dans les cubes spatiaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25758/25758.pdf.
Full textHô, Virginie-Mai. "La valeur économique de la biodiversité dans un cadre de zonage fonctionnel en aménagement forestier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20072.
Full textNgueho, Yemele Martin Claude. "Développement de panneaux de particules à base d'écorce d'épinette noire et de peuplier faux-tremble." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25190/25190.pdf.
Full textThis study aims at optimizing bark content and particle geometry in order to produce bark particleboards that can meet the usual performances required by the standard. Specific objectives were 1) to determine the effects of unextracted and extracted bark content, and particle geometry (shape, size and distribution) on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from black spruce and trembling aspen bark; 2) to highlight the effects of hot water treatment of bark on the bark particles/PF adhesive system as well as its impact on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from black spruce and trembling aspen bark. Fresh black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.)) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides (Michx.)) bark was collected from the debarking units of wood processing plants, treated (extracted) with hot water or not, dried, crushed in a hammer mill and sieved in four groups. The first group with particle size of 0.2-1.5 mm was used for the surface layer. The three other groups called fine, medium and coarse of particle size 1.5-2.6 mm, 2.6-5.0 mm and 5.0-7.0 mm. Wood particles were added to the bark particles to produce mixed wood bark particleboards. Particleboards of different bark content (50 and 100%), with a target density of 800 kg/m3 were manufactured and their mechanical and physical properties including the modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond (IB), Janka hardness (HJ), thickness swelling (TS), and linear expansion (LE) investigated and compared to a control made of 100% wood particles. The results showed that, while the mechanical properties of the particleboard made from black spruce and trembling aspen bark decreased with increasing bark content, the linear expansion (LE) increased and the thickness swelling (TS) increased slightly. The effect of particle size was observed mostly on the internal bond (IB). In spite of the low effective bark ratio of the coarse particles, the IB of the boards often decreased with increasing bark particle size. For the other properties, the boards made of 100% bark seem to be more affected by the particle geometry than those made of 50% bark. Particleboard made from 50% black spruce bark showed the highest MOE, MOR, IB and the lowest LE with values 12, 37, 54% lower and 45% higher than the control, respectively. Particleboard made from trembling aspen bark showed the lowest TS. The MOE, MOR, IB and HJ of boards made from 50% unextracted black spruce and trembling aspen bark met the requirements for commercial (M-1) and underlayment (PBU) panels of the ANSI A208.1-1999 standard. Hot water treatment affects the physical and chemical properties of the bark by decreasing the hydrophilic properties, the acidity and the amount of condensable polyphenols able to react with formaldehyde. A detrimental effect was noticed on all the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made from extracted bark except for the Janka hardness where no significant decrease was found.
Tonye, Daniel. "Évaluation de l'impact de la gestion des forêts communautaires au Cameroun." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25188/25188.pdf.
Full textFor more than a decade, Cameroon involves in its forest policy, the local communities in the conservation and the sustainable management of the national forest resources and the struggle against poverty. If the process of community forest is a source of hope for some, it could create worries to others because of the difficulties linked to its implementation. The general objective of this study was to integrate the local organizations into the evaluation of the impact of community forest management on the living conditions of local communities in Cameroon. Results of previous studies and a survey conducted in the country revealed clues knowledge of the situation. The survey was conducted to understand the difficulties linked with the acquisition of a community forest and the indicators of their impact on the living conditions of the populations. Thirty two farmers’ organizations which owned communities forests, and four resource persons of the Ministry of forest and fauna (MINFOF) were interviewed. Results showed that, the duration needed to acquire a community forest is long (4 years) for the majority of the organizations (47 %), and the related costs were high, varying between 10 000 000 fcfa and 19 999 995 fcfa, for 47% of the organizations. NGOs played key role in accompanying the organizations who have an established management comity in the process of community forest acquisition. All the interviewed organizations faced difficulties in elaborating their simple management program (SMP). Seventy five per cent (75 %) of the referees quoted the lack of expertise and financial means as main obstacles in the execution of their SMP. Problems rising within the organization are solved by the communities themselves, while those opposing the organizations and external entities are solved through an established authority. A major observation of our study is that, all the organizations agree with the ministerial decision to limit the exploitation of community forest to an artisanal one. Our study reveals also that, SMP has effects on the living conditions of the local communities. But, subsequent studies are necessary to investigate the ecological impact of community forest in Cameroon.
Xing, Suying. "Développement d'une stratégie de séchage pour le 2X2 d'épinette noire destiné à des produits d'ingénierie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25836/25836.pdf.
Full textGarcía, Pérez Martha Estrella. "Caractérisation de composés phénoliques des extraits de ramilles du bouleau jaune : étude de leur capacité antioxidante." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19817.
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