Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2008 G679'
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Gosselin, Annie. "Les savoirs locaux et les pratiques en lien avec la gestion des parcs agroforestiers dégradés : le cas des paysans de Kankorokuy, un village bwa du Mali." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20418.
Full textBelleville, Benoît. "Rôle de l'interface bois-adhésif dans les lames de plancher d'ingénierie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25514/25514.pdf.
Full textThe accuracy of models of the hygromechanical behavior of wood composite products is determined by a detailed analysis of each layer. It appears that the section located between the wood substrate and the adhesive film has a significant impact on moisture diffusion inside the composite, acting as a barrier to water vapor diffusion. The phenomenon is responsible for the development of a moisture gradient inside the composite. In engineered wood flooring (EWF), this gradient causes stress essentially located in the hardwood surface layer which is conditioned by the ambient air, whereas the core and the backing layers absorb or desorb water vapor at a much slower rate. Properties concerning the adhesive film and the type of substrate used are available in the literature but still no data can be found for the wood-adhesive interface. A complete and satisfying microscopic interpretation of this region is not actually available in the literature, not only because of the complexity of the interface formation but also the difficulty to isolate and by the same way analyze it. The objective of this study was to investigate the wood-adhesive interface in EWF. The study investigated the wood-adhesive interface for EWF. The steady-state radial water vapor diffusion and the expansion coefficients were determined for the interface formed by the sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) substrate and cross-linked polyvinyl acetate adhesive (XPVAc). A diffusion cup was used for the determination of the steady state water vapor flow. The expansion coefficient was obtained by comparing the differences between the sample size for different conditions. The experimental technique was developed to enhance the accuracy of an actual predictive model of product performances. A comparison of the experimental results with those given in the literature showed a good fit. Engineered wood flooring strips had also been realized for the validation part. Sugar maple had the highest diffusion coefficient at 1.66 x 10-11 m2∙s-1 and the free film of XPVAc had the lowest at 4.18 x 10-12 m2∙s-1. As expected, the diffusion coefficient obtained for the wood-adhesive interface is slightly higher than that of pure XPVAc film but lower than that of solid wood at 5.73 x 10-12 m2∙s-1. The tangential coefficient of moisture expansion for the wood-adhesive interface was found to be 4 x 10-3 mm∙mm-1∙%-1 and 3 x 10-3 mm∙mm-1∙%-1 for the XPVAc. In the case of sugar maple, the tangential shrinkage coefficient at 3 x 10-3 mm∙mm-1∙%-1 was slightly lower than the tangential expansion coefficient at 4 x 10-3 mm∙mm-1∙%-1. A comparison of the experimental results, previous modeling results and improved model results are presented. The consideration of the interface effects did not have a significant influence on the hygromechanical distortion of engineered wood flooring. The determination of the diffusion coefficients confirmed the importance of the interface concerning the water vapor movement inside the composite material. However, improved model considering the interface effects was not closer to the experimental curve than the previous model without interfaces.
Castellanos, Belalcazar Guido Fernando. "Application du Lidar aéroporté pour la caractérisation des vergers." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25603/25603.pdf.
Full textDuring the last twenty years, large technological advances in active airborne remote sensing have allowed its application to the forest and agricultural sectors. The Lidar sensor determines the distance and the position of an object, based on the time taken by a beam of light to reach the ground and to return to the sensor. Lidar has been successfully used in forestry studies because it results in a characterization of the structure of forest stands in three dimensions. Data collection is fast and non-intrusive. On the other hand, the fusion of Lidar data with multi-spectral data opens a large number of potential forestry applications because it provides information about the type of vegetation, the foliar density of trees, their phenology, as well as optical properties of certain species. The Financière Agricole de Québec (FADQ) in association with the Laboratoire de géomatique agricole et appliquée (GAAP), has used this technology to assess the yield and the quality of orchards in Québec. The present project aims at demonstrating the potential of Lidar and of multi-spectral data to show in 3D attributes of structure of individual apple trees such as the size of the crown and the estimation of the tree height. This then allows us to estimate the foliar biomass, the density of foliage and individual tree geo-positioning obtained by Lidar. The results of the tree counting and apple production estimations are compared with field data and with statistics from FADQ. The correlations are high, demonstrating that the Lidar method is able to accurately evaluate the production of apple orchards.
Quezada, García Roberto. "Potentiel des insectes de la famille histeridae comme indicateurs de perturbation environnementale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20019.
Full textMcHugh, Rosemarie. "Intégration de la structure matricielle dans les cubes spatiaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25758/25758.pdf.
Full textHô, Virginie-Mai. "La valeur économique de la biodiversité dans un cadre de zonage fonctionnel en aménagement forestier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20072.
Full textNgueho, Yemele Martin Claude. "Développement de panneaux de particules à base d'écorce d'épinette noire et de peuplier faux-tremble." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25190/25190.pdf.
Full textThis study aims at optimizing bark content and particle geometry in order to produce bark particleboards that can meet the usual performances required by the standard. Specific objectives were 1) to determine the effects of unextracted and extracted bark content, and particle geometry (shape, size and distribution) on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from black spruce and trembling aspen bark; 2) to highlight the effects of hot water treatment of bark on the bark particles/PF adhesive system as well as its impact on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from black spruce and trembling aspen bark. Fresh black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.)) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides (Michx.)) bark was collected from the debarking units of wood processing plants, treated (extracted) with hot water or not, dried, crushed in a hammer mill and sieved in four groups. The first group with particle size of 0.2-1.5 mm was used for the surface layer. The three other groups called fine, medium and coarse of particle size 1.5-2.6 mm, 2.6-5.0 mm and 5.0-7.0 mm. Wood particles were added to the bark particles to produce mixed wood bark particleboards. Particleboards of different bark content (50 and 100%), with a target density of 800 kg/m3 were manufactured and their mechanical and physical properties including the modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond (IB), Janka hardness (HJ), thickness swelling (TS), and linear expansion (LE) investigated and compared to a control made of 100% wood particles. The results showed that, while the mechanical properties of the particleboard made from black spruce and trembling aspen bark decreased with increasing bark content, the linear expansion (LE) increased and the thickness swelling (TS) increased slightly. The effect of particle size was observed mostly on the internal bond (IB). In spite of the low effective bark ratio of the coarse particles, the IB of the boards often decreased with increasing bark particle size. For the other properties, the boards made of 100% bark seem to be more affected by the particle geometry than those made of 50% bark. Particleboard made from 50% black spruce bark showed the highest MOE, MOR, IB and the lowest LE with values 12, 37, 54% lower and 45% higher than the control, respectively. Particleboard made from trembling aspen bark showed the lowest TS. The MOE, MOR, IB and HJ of boards made from 50% unextracted black spruce and trembling aspen bark met the requirements for commercial (M-1) and underlayment (PBU) panels of the ANSI A208.1-1999 standard. Hot water treatment affects the physical and chemical properties of the bark by decreasing the hydrophilic properties, the acidity and the amount of condensable polyphenols able to react with formaldehyde. A detrimental effect was noticed on all the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made from extracted bark except for the Janka hardness where no significant decrease was found.
Tonye, Daniel. "Évaluation de l'impact de la gestion des forêts communautaires au Cameroun." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25188/25188.pdf.
Full textFor more than a decade, Cameroon involves in its forest policy, the local communities in the conservation and the sustainable management of the national forest resources and the struggle against poverty. If the process of community forest is a source of hope for some, it could create worries to others because of the difficulties linked to its implementation. The general objective of this study was to integrate the local organizations into the evaluation of the impact of community forest management on the living conditions of local communities in Cameroon. Results of previous studies and a survey conducted in the country revealed clues knowledge of the situation. The survey was conducted to understand the difficulties linked with the acquisition of a community forest and the indicators of their impact on the living conditions of the populations. Thirty two farmers’ organizations which owned communities forests, and four resource persons of the Ministry of forest and fauna (MINFOF) were interviewed. Results showed that, the duration needed to acquire a community forest is long (4 years) for the majority of the organizations (47 %), and the related costs were high, varying between 10 000 000 fcfa and 19 999 995 fcfa, for 47% of the organizations. NGOs played key role in accompanying the organizations who have an established management comity in the process of community forest acquisition. All the interviewed organizations faced difficulties in elaborating their simple management program (SMP). Seventy five per cent (75 %) of the referees quoted the lack of expertise and financial means as main obstacles in the execution of their SMP. Problems rising within the organization are solved by the communities themselves, while those opposing the organizations and external entities are solved through an established authority. A major observation of our study is that, all the organizations agree with the ministerial decision to limit the exploitation of community forest to an artisanal one. Our study reveals also that, SMP has effects on the living conditions of the local communities. But, subsequent studies are necessary to investigate the ecological impact of community forest in Cameroon.
Xing, Suying. "Développement d'une stratégie de séchage pour le 2X2 d'épinette noire destiné à des produits d'ingénierie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25836/25836.pdf.
Full textGarcía, Pérez Martha Estrella. "Caractérisation de composés phénoliques des extraits de ramilles du bouleau jaune : étude de leur capacité antioxidante." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19817.
Full textVigeant-Langlois, Charles. "Mouvements hivernaux de la martre d'Amérique dans une sapinière boréale humide." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25086/25086.pdf.
Full textIdiata-Mambounga, Daniel. "Fréquentation du parc national de Loango (Gabon) par les éléphants de forêt." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25104/25104.pdf.
Full textSpǎtǎcean, Corneliu Adrian. "Propriétés du bois et qualité des sciages dans les pessières noires de seconde venue issues de coupe et de feu." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19759.
Full textThe objectives of this project were to evaluate the effects of stand origin on lumber grade yield, MSR yield and bending properties and to describe the variability of wood mechanical and physical properties at different hierarchical levels in black spruce. The results indicate that a similar percentage of lumber pieces are graded as No.2 and better in logged stands, but this percentage is 20% lower than in burned stand. The MSR grades yield in logged stands is similar to that from natural stands but partial-cut origin stand has less lumber in superior MSR class due to lower bending properties. For all properties studied the between stands variance is much less important than within stand variance. Moreover, inter-tree variance component of MOE and MOR are lower than intra-tree variance. The stands that showed a more important DBH variance and asymmetrical competition present more important inter-tree variance in wood mechanical properties.
McCullough, Vincent. "Modèle pour estimer les coûts d'approvisionnement en matière ligneuse basé sur les indices de paysage dans un contexte de dispersion des aires de coupe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25149/25149.pdf.
Full textPedieu, Roger. "Valorisation des résidus d'écorce de bouleau blanc (Betula papyrifera) sous forme de fabrication de panneaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25504/25504.pdf.
Full textIn the year 2004 alone, 96 000 dry metric tons (DMT) of white birch bark were produced by forest industries in Quebec. This constituted approximately 2.7% of total bark production for the region. These barks which are mostly used for energy production would have generated more benefits had they been used for agglomerated panels manufacture. The objective of this research project was to set up strategies which will make possible to effectively use bark particles of white birch, for the manufacture of various types of medium density panels that meet the standard requirements of particleboards. The preliminary tests revealed that, it was difficult to manufacture medium density panels based on bark particles exclusively, due to the following disadvantages. (1): their low cellulose content, especially on the outer bark particles, does not make them a structural material like wood; (2): the granular form of the inner bark does not contribute to the interlacing effects, which strongly contribute to the improvement of panels bending properties; (3): the high concentration of suberins on the outer bark makes it very hydrophobic with a surface similar to teflon which is very difficult to wet; and (4): the outer and inner parts barks have different properties. In the face of such difficulties, the ideal solution consisted in designing mixed panels where these bark particles will be reinforced with wood particles, wood fibres and wood strands. The first panel type was set up - a mixed panel with wood fibres in the surface layers, and a mixture of wood fibres and inner bark particles of white birch in the core layer. The percentage of wood fibres (two levels) and the percentage of wood fibres added to the inner bark particles in the core layer (three levels) were the two panels manufacturing factors. All manufactured panels fulfilled the standard requirements for all mechanical properties. Panel with 25% wood fibres in the surface layers and 9% wood fibres mixed with bark particles in the core layer had the best mechanical properties, while panel with 22% wood fibres in the surface layers and 5% wood fibres mixed with bark particles in the core layer was the most dimensionally stable. The second panel type is composed of outer bark particles of white birch in the surface layers and wood material in the core layer. The two manufacturing factors were: the type of wood material in the core layer (wood particles versus wood fibres) and the percentage of outer bark particles in the surface layers. The statistical analysis method used made possible to select the panel with 45% outer bark particles of white birch in the surface layers and wood particles in the core layer as the best, especially by taking into account the dimensional stability criterion based on linear expansion measurement. The third panel type was a sub-flooring panel with a thickness of 8 mm and a density of 800 kg/m3. It was composed of outer bark particles in the surface layers and wood particles in the core layer. The two factors used for its experimental design were: the percentage of phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) used to bond bark particles of surface layers (three levels of percentage) and the treatment of bark particles used (untreated bark versus bark treated with soda). The bark particles were treated in order to highlight their impact on the properties of manufactured panels. The alkali treatment lowered the properties of manufactured panels because soda treatment weakened the structures of outer bark particles of white birch used. The best panel was that with untreated outer bark particles of white birch, bonded with the lowest percentage of PF (5%). The last panel type was a mixed panel with outer bark particles of white birch in the core layer and wood strands in the surface layers. Two factors were used in its setting-up: the orientation of strands in the surface layers (oriented versus not non oriented) and the type of material in core layer (untreated bark particles, a mix of untreated bark particle and 10% wood fibres, bark particle treated with soda). The alkali treatment did not produce the expected effects (improvement of panels’ mechanical properties). The statistical analysis used in a factorial design in complete blocks made possible to choose the panel with untreated outer bark particles without wood fibres addition as the best. The method used to manufacture the above-mentioned mixed panels permitted to add higher proportion of white birch bark particles in each manufactured panel. The result of the present research project demonstrates that, bark particles of white birch, could be an alternative source of raw material supply for wood-based composite mills.
Turkucu, Aysegul, and Aysegul Turkucu. "Development of a conceptual framework for the analysis and the classification of "Public Participation GIS"." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20038.
Full textDans le contexte actuel de démocratisation des technologies et des méthodes géomatiques, les expériences du type « Public Participation GIS » - PPGIS se multiplient. Le concept de PPGIS est, par essence-même, interdisciplinaire et multiforme. Il s’apparente, d’une certaine façon, à un déclinaison spécifique des SIG, vus comme des systèmes d’information (données, matériels, logiciels, méthodes et composantes humaines), incluant la dimension de la participation publique. De fait, les PPGIS ne se limitent pas aux simples outils logiciels. L’objectif principal d’un PPGIS consiste à accentuer/supporter l'implication des citoyens dans les processus de prise de décisions territoriaux, et à améliorer l'accès aux outils, aux données ainsi qu’à l'information (Steinmann et. al. 2004). Les applications des PPGIS revêtent des formes très variées, selon le contexte économique, l’organisation sociale et politique, la culture, mais également en fonction des problématiques traitées et des méthodologies développées (Joliveau 2006). Les exemples mettent en évidence qu’en pratique, la dimension ‘participation publique’ des PPGIS renvoie à des réalités différentes. La construction du domaine des PPGISciences (Sieber 2004) est basée sur la convergence de concepts sociaux, culturels, éthiques et environnementaux avec les technologies de l’information et à la géomatique. Ce développement engendre des questions épistémologiques complexes, dans la mesure ou chaque discipline impliquée pose évidemment un regard différencié sur les PPGIS. Par conséquent, le concept même de PPGIS est ambigu. Il n'existe pas de consensus sur ses éléments caractéristiques. Ce constat pose problème, tant sur le plan scientifique que sur le plan pratique, dans la mesure où il rend difficile, non seulement la formalisation de méthodes de développement adaptées aux PPGIS ; mais aussi le développement de critères d'évaluation de succès et d'échec (Craig et al. 1999). La communauté scientifique des PPGIS considère d’ailleurs que pour comprendre la réalité sur laquelle les chercheurs doivent appuyer leurs travaux, la formalisation consensuelle d’une définition claire et précise du concept de PPGIS s’impose. Les spécialistes affirment que l’une des priorités actuelles est la conception d’un cadre théorique basé en particulier sur une typologie des PPGIS (Tulloch 2003, Steinmann et al. 2004). Malgré les quelques recherches déjà réalisées, seules quelques typologies partielles ont été développées, et le concept demeure flou. L’objectif principal de cette recherche consiste à concevoir une typologie plus globale à partir d’une analyse en profondeur des concepts sous-jacents. Sur le plan plus pratique, cette recherche vise à concevoir et à développer un observatoire web des expériences PPGIS (ce dernier étant à la fois une composante de l’objectif et un moyen de l’atteindre). La méthodologie est basée sur la construction d’un cadre théorique (analyse de la littérature et des typologies existantes) et une analyse empirique (étude d’une série d’expériences de PPGIS). La méthodologie est complétée par une enquête sur les forums web spécialisés, de manière à solliciter la communauté du domaine et à valider nos résultats. Cette recherche a ainsi permis de construire une typologie des PPGIS, plus globale, complémentaire de celles déjà existantes. Se faisant notre travail permet d’améliorer la compréhension de ce domaine en émergence et apporte des éléments formels permettant de mieux le caractériser.
In the current context of democratization of technologies and methods of geomatics, “Public Participation GIS” practices - PPGIS multiply. The concept of PPGIS is, by its nature, interdisciplinary and multiform. It is connected, in a certain manner, to a specific variation of the GIS, understood as information systems (data, hardware, software, methods and human factor), including the dimension of public participation. Essentially, PPGIS are not limited to simple software tools. The principal objective of a PPGIS consists of accentuating/supporting the implication of the citizens in the territorial decision making processes, and to improve the access to tools, data, and information (Steinmann et al. 2004). Applications for PPGIS take a variety of forms depending on the economic context, the social and political organization, the culture, but also regarding to the treated problems and developed methodologies (Joliveau 2006). Examples underline that, in practice, dimension of “public participation” in PPGIS echoes different realities. The creation of the field (Sieber 2004) is based on the convergence of social concepts as well as cultural, ethical and environmental concepts associated with information technologies (IT) and Geomatics. This development generates complex epistemological questions, in a measure where each implied discipline obviously poses a different view on PPGIS. Consequently, the concept of PPGIS is ambiguous. There is no consensus on its characteristic elements. This circumstance causes some problems, both on the scientific and practical levels. It makes difficult, not having the standardization of methods of development adapted to the PPGIS; but also the development of evaluation criterions of success and failure (Craig and al 1999). Besides, the scientific community associated with PPGIS considers that in order to understand reality that the researchers must rely on their works, the agreed formalization of a clear and precise definition of the concept of PPGIS is inevitable. Specialists affirm that one of the current priorities is to design a theoretical framework particularly based on a typology of PPGIS (Tulloch 2003, Steinmann et al. 2004). In spite of some research work already carried out, only a few limited typologies were developed, and the concept remains unclear. The principal objective of this research consists of conceiving a more global typology starting from an in-depth analysis of the subjacent concepts. From a practical level, this research aims at designing and developing a web-based observatory of PPGIS experiments (this one is a component of our objective and at the same time a means of reaching it). Our methodology is based on the construction of a theoretical framework (literature review and an analysis of existing typologies) and an empirical analysis (study of a series of PPGIS experiments). Methodology is effectuated by an investigation into the specialized Web forums, so as to solicit the community of the field and to validate our results. This research thus made it possible to build a typology of the PPGIS, as a hole, complementary to those already existing. Doing this work improves understanding of this field in its infancy and elicits formal elements for better characterization of PPGIS.
In the current context of democratization of technologies and methods of geomatics, “Public Participation GIS” practices - PPGIS multiply. The concept of PPGIS is, by its nature, interdisciplinary and multiform. It is connected, in a certain manner, to a specific variation of the GIS, understood as information systems (data, hardware, software, methods and human factor), including the dimension of public participation. Essentially, PPGIS are not limited to simple software tools. The principal objective of a PPGIS consists of accentuating/supporting the implication of the citizens in the territorial decision making processes, and to improve the access to tools, data, and information (Steinmann et al. 2004). Applications for PPGIS take a variety of forms depending on the economic context, the social and political organization, the culture, but also regarding to the treated problems and developed methodologies (Joliveau 2006). Examples underline that, in practice, dimension of “public participation” in PPGIS echoes different realities. The creation of the field (Sieber 2004) is based on the convergence of social concepts as well as cultural, ethical and environmental concepts associated with information technologies (IT) and Geomatics. This development generates complex epistemological questions, in a measure where each implied discipline obviously poses a different view on PPGIS. Consequently, the concept of PPGIS is ambiguous. There is no consensus on its characteristic elements. This circumstance causes some problems, both on the scientific and practical levels. It makes difficult, not having the standardization of methods of development adapted to the PPGIS; but also the development of evaluation criterions of success and failure (Craig and al 1999). Besides, the scientific community associated with PPGIS considers that in order to understand reality that the researchers must rely on their works, the agreed formalization of a clear and precise definition of the concept of PPGIS is inevitable. Specialists affirm that one of the current priorities is to design a theoretical framework particularly based on a typology of PPGIS (Tulloch 2003, Steinmann et al. 2004). In spite of some research work already carried out, only a few limited typologies were developed, and the concept remains unclear. The principal objective of this research consists of conceiving a more global typology starting from an in-depth analysis of the subjacent concepts. From a practical level, this research aims at designing and developing a web-based observatory of PPGIS experiments (this one is a component of our objective and at the same time a means of reaching it). Our methodology is based on the construction of a theoretical framework (literature review and an analysis of existing typologies) and an empirical analysis (study of a series of PPGIS experiments). Methodology is effectuated by an investigation into the specialized Web forums, so as to solicit the community of the field and to validate our results. This research thus made it possible to build a typology of the PPGIS, as a hole, complementary to those already existing. Doing this work improves understanding of this field in its infancy and elicits formal elements for better characterization of PPGIS.
Dagenais, Christian. "Aboutage de l'érable à sucre pour la fabrication de produits de bois d'ingénierie structuraux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24607/24607.pdf.
Full textFinger-jointed softwood lumber is often used in manufacturing of structural engineered wood products such as glued laminated (glulam) beams and prefabricated wood I-joists. In Québec, producers of engineered wood products utilize generally wood species of Spruce-pine-fir (SPF) group, which includes softwood species recognized in Canadian standards. As hardwood species, sugar maple is not listed in the product standards, although, presumably, it can offer an interesting alternative to softwoods from the view point of strength. Literature review shows that there are many studies on finger-jointing but there are few on finger jointing of hardwoods. Certain machining parameters have to be controlled in order to produce suitable gluing surfaces and to optimize the finger-jointing process. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of machining parameters on the ultimate tensile strength parallel to grain (UTS) of finger-jointed sugar maple dimension lumber. Three different chip-loads and three cutting speeds were used as variables. Based on test results, the cutting speed appeared to influence the UTS the most. The best UTS (47.1 MPa) of finger-jointed sugar maple specimens were achieved with a chip-load of 0.60 mm and a cutting speed of 2726 m/min (rotation speed of 3250 RPM and feed speed of 11.7 m/min). Finally, results of the study show that finger-jointed sugar maple possesses a good potential for structural applications including fabrication of structural engineered wood products.
Frédéricque, Benoit. "Saisie photogrammétrique multi-représentation de bâtiments : une approche Semi-Automatisée Initialisée et Supportée par l'Intervention humainE." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19747.
Full text3D MRDB (Multi Representation Data Base) population is more and more required to support advanced cartographical applications and advanced geospatial decisional analysis. This dissertation presents a new photogrammetric approach dedicated to multiple representation acquisition process to populate the buildings of a 3D MRDB. The proposed approach is named SAISIE (this French acronym matches with a semi-automatic acquisition process, initialized and supported by human intervention). The SAISIE approach tackles simultaneously the Detailed Geometries (DG) extraction and the Simplified Geometries (GS) extraction. This uses both the Multi-Representation Acquisition Pattern concept and the Instance Driven SASS concept (SASS : Selection of the Algorithms, Sources and Setting) to improve the process performance. These two new concepts have been introduced during this research. The MRAP concept stems from bridging together the geometric pattern concept (used to support generalisation process) and the parametric model (used to support the photogrammetric building extraction). Two new algorithms have also been introduced. The first one deals with the automatic implantation of 3D geometric pattern and the second one with the automatic extraction of building footprints. The SAISIE approach, the new concepts and the two new algorithms, have been implemented and tested with four test sites. These test sites cover more than three hundred buildings. Results analysis and several recommendations, based on our experimentation and experience, are proposed to conclude this dissertation.
Lethielleux-Juge, Christine. "Étude morphologique de l'architecture fine du mycélium de champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires du genre Glomus." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25342/25342.pdf.
Full textRousseau, Patrick. "Fidélité au site et à l'habitat chez le bruant à gorge blanche." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25650/25650.pdf.
Full textThe ecological niche is often considered as a species or population property. However, conspecific individuals may sometimes use contrasting parts of their species’ niche. As shown by many studies dealing with individual diet, generalist species are often composed of individual specialists that use only a subset of their population’s niche. I did an experiment to measure individual specialization in habitat selection of White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis; WTSP; “sparrows”) at Forêt Montmorency, Quebec. Point counts showed that the WTSP used a large range of habitats, from clearcuts (< 1 year) to mature mixed and coniferous stands with and without edges. According to the individual specialization hypothesis, individual WTSP should be faithful to a particular type of forest stand. In case of major disturbance, specialized individuals should relocate their territories even if the habitat resulting from the disturbance is suitable for the species. We compared between-year fidelity of sparrows to mature stands not affected by forest harvest (control sites) vs. fidelity to mature stands clearcut during the winter between two breeding seasons (experimental sites). Experimental sites were used by the species from the first months following the clearcut. Among all birds that returned two consecutive summers to the study site, territory fidelity of the 14 males from experimental sites was lower then that of the 21 males from control sites (P = 0.01). Median between-year breeding dispersal distance of experimental males was twice as large as that of control males (P < 0.001). The more the original territory was clearcut, the farther experimental males dispersed (P = 0.04). Experimental males’ new territories were more clearcut than their old territories before treatment (P = 0.02). However, their new territories were less clearcut than the location of their old territories after treatment (P = 0.04). Gain in uncut habitat in new territories was positively correlated with between-year breeding dispersal distance of experimental males (P = 0.03). We conclude that WTSP individually use only a subset of their species’ wide ecological niche. Therefore, it seems unjustified to assume that individuals from a generalist species are versatile and barely disturbed by silvicultural treatments in Quebec’s boreal forests.
Declercq, Charlotte. "Conception et développement d'un service web de mise à jour incrémentielle pour les cubes de données spatiales." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25814/25814.pdf.
Full textDubé, Étienne. "Conception et développement d'un service Web de constitution de mini cubes SOLAP pour clients mobiles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25804/25804.pdf.
Full textDecision support systems such as SOLAP (Spatial OLAP) have been originally designed as desktop applications. Adapting SOLAP applications to mobility contexts (e.g. using PDAs and mobile phones) pose some challenges due to the constraints of these environments. This research projects aims to provide a solution, based on a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), for adapting SOLAP data cubes to mobile environments. It consists of a Web service which is capable of transforming SOLAP cubes from spatial data warehouses, in order to create mini-cubes of reduced size, suitable for mobile clients. This service allows selecting a subset of existing cubes (using parameterizable operators), applying simplification algorithms to spatial members, and finally transfering the data in an XML format. This research opens the way to the design and development of new geospatial decisional mobile applications.
Cid, Yáñez Fabian. "Évaluation des stratégies à flux tiré et flux poussé dans la production de bois d'œuvre : une approche basée sur des agents." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21286.
Full textThe objective of this study is the evaluation of pull and push strategies in lumber production planning using a Quebec sawmill as case study. An Advanced Planning and Scheduling System (APS), based on a distributed software architecture, simulates the main operations planning and production processes of the sawmill (sourcing, sawing, drying, finishing, warehousing and delivery) representing them as autonomous software agents. Push and pull strategies are simulated using different penetration positions of the demand information decoupling point over the value chain. To set experiments, configurations are defined by two controllable factors, namely: the decoupling point position and the level of contracts for a product family. Following, a set of scenarios are generated by two uncontrollable factors: the quality of supply and market prices differential for products under contracts. These configurations and scenarios leads to a mixed levels experimental design with fifty four runs. Three performance indicators: orders fill rate, work in process, and potential monetary throughput; are calculated for every one of the 54 production plans generated by the APS. Results show a direct relation between the orders fill rate and the position of the decoupling point, pull strategy, for the three levels of demand on products under contract. Accordingly, at every demand level, production plans under pull strategies generate improvements of 100% compared with equivalent plans under push strategy. This service level performance improvement has a financial cost of about 7% of the Potential Monetary Throughput which should be compensated externally with better contract conditions and internally by lower costs of inventory management. This trade-off seems to be a direct consequence of the divergent nature of lumber production. Consequently, in a business context that privileges service quality and where customers are willing to pay for it, the use of this kind of demand driven strategies in production planning represents a source of competitive advantage.
Guigou, Cairus Gabriela, and Cairus Gabriela Guigou. "Estimating genetic flow between exotic and native poplar species in Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20344.
Full textNotre étude a consisté à détecter et à quantifier, le cas échéant, la présence de flux génique entre des peupliers à composantes exotiques et leurs cousines indigènes. Nous avons récolté sur deux sites différents (Matane et Sorel) et sur deux à trois années consécutives, des graines provenant d’arbres-mères des espèces indigènes, Populus balsamifera et P. deltoides, situés autour de plantations de peupliers à composantes exotiques. Nous avons génotypé les graines à l’aide de marqueurs génétiques spécifiques de ces espèces. Ceci nous a permis de détecter la présence d’allèles provenant des arbres mâles à composantes exotiques de la plantation au sein des graines récoltées sur les arbres-mères indigènes présents autour de ces plantations. Nos résultats ont ainsi révélé la présence d’hybridation entre les arbres indigènes et les arbres à composantes exotiques des plantations. Cette hybridation spontanée pourrait affecter à plus long terme la constitution génétique des populations locales des espèces indigènes.
The goal of this study was to detect and quantify, when necessary, the presence of gene flow between poplars with exotic components and their native relatives. Seeds were collected from native mother trees, Populus balsamifera and P. deltoides, located in the surroundings of plantations of poplars with exotic components, in two different sites (Matane and Sorel) and during two to three consecutive years. We genotyped these seeds using genetic markers specific for these species. This method allowed us to detect, in the seeds collected from native mother trees present around these plantations, the presence of alleles brought about from male trees with exotic components located within the plantations. Our results revealed the presence of hybridization between native trees and trees with exotic components from the plantations. This spontaneous hybridization could affect in the long term the genetic constitution of local populations of native species.
The goal of this study was to detect and quantify, when necessary, the presence of gene flow between poplars with exotic components and their native relatives. Seeds were collected from native mother trees, Populus balsamifera and P. deltoides, located in the surroundings of plantations of poplars with exotic components, in two different sites (Matane and Sorel) and during two to three consecutive years. We genotyped these seeds using genetic markers specific for these species. This method allowed us to detect, in the seeds collected from native mother trees present around these plantations, the presence of alleles brought about from male trees with exotic components located within the plantations. Our results revealed the presence of hybridization between native trees and trees with exotic components from the plantations. This spontaneous hybridization could affect in the long term the genetic constitution of local populations of native species.
Beaudoin, Daniel. "Distributed wood procurement planning within a multi-firm environment." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25120/25120.pdf.
Full textCarette, Valérie. "Amélioration de la représentation géométrique 2D et 3D des agrégations de poissons en support à l'étude de leur évolution spatio-temporelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25876/25876.pdf.
Full textGeographic information systems (GIS) are powerful tools to manage, analyse and represent spatial data. They are used in various disciplines, including marine biology. One of the most important phenomena intensively studied by marine biologists is the dynamics of fish. This is partly because there is an increasing need for sustainable management of fisheries which are very important in the economy of coastal zones. Fish aggregations are a fundamental component of these dynamics and should be better understood to establish efficient recovery strategies in the context of declining aquatic resources. However, the traditional representations of fish aggregations do not model those aggregations explicitly as spatial objects. Moreover, despite many interesting capabilities of current GIS, these tools are unable to handle the tridimensional, dynamic and fuzzy nature of fish aggregations. The main objective of this thesis is to propose new approaches to improve the representation of fish aggregations at the regional and local scales. In 2D, the proposed approach is based on the fuzzy spatial objects models, which are based on the fuzzy sets theory. It uses a vector data structure to delineate the maximal and minimal extents of fish aggregations and a raster data structure to model the gradual transition which exists between these boundaries. In 3D, the proposed approach for the representation of fish aggregations is based on the dynamic Delaunay tetrahedralisation and the 3D α-shapes clustering algorithm. The integrated algorithm allows automatic detection of the fish aggregations contained in a dataset. 3D models also allow amongst other things the study of the morphological properties of the different aggregations. Testing these approaches with fisheries data (e.g. datasets from scientific surveys, acoustic datasets) revealed several benefits and limitations which are discussed throughout this thesis.
Lemonde, Marc-Olivier. "Aptitude à la CPPTM de la région Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25816/25816.pdf.
Full textDéraps, Daniel. "L'effet du patron de répartition des coupes et des variables du milieu sur les pertes par chablis dans les lisières : cas de la pessière à mousses de l'Est." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20039.
Full textMosaic cut is one of the patterns used in Québec forest management to reduce the impacts of clearcutting and to increase the retention of mature forest. However, the global effect of mosaic cut pattern on windthrow losses has yet to be gauged. The aim of this research is to define the impact of the dispersion cut pattern on winthrow losses and to identify the variables that have an incidence on winthrow within forest edges. The study area was 150 km north of lac Saint-Jean (Québec, Canada) in even aged black spruce forest. Windthrow was inventoried in edges of conventionnal cut and in edges of mosaic cut with experimental plots of 10 meters large and 50 meters long. A cartographic survey was also conducted. Thus, windthrow photo interpretation in edges was done using 1: 10 000 scaled photos. After the analyses, spacing, height, edge type, species composition and diameter turned out to explain significantly windthrow at the edge scale. Photo interpretation data allowed the estimation of windthrow losses for each cut pattern. Within 30 meters inside the edges, losses are 10% more important on the conventional cut pattern. Consequences for management are then discussed.
Chifflot, Vincent. "Étude moléculaire des champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires dans un système agrisylvicole." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25687/25687.pdf.
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Garet, Jérome. "Influence des caractéristiques de la sénescence sur la possibilité forestière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25643/25643.pdf.
Full textAffeltranger, Bastien. "Le contrôle de la vérité : (Géo)Politique de l'information hydrologique. Le cas du bassin du Mékong, Asie du Sud-Est." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25226/25226.pdf.
Full textBeguin, Julien. "L'établissement du sapin baumier en présence de densités élevées de cerf de Virginie à la suite de coupes de régénération sur l'Île d'Anticosti (Québec)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20065.
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