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Academic literature on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2009 S163'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SD 121 UL 2009 S163"
Salehi, Mehrdad. "Developing a Model and a Language to Identify and Specify the Integrity Constraints in Spatial Datacubes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26325/26325.pdf.
Full textTexte en anglais avec résumés en anglais et en français. Bibliogr.: f. 185-197. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.
Larouche, Catherine. "La régénération du thuya après coupes partielles en peuplements mixtes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21315.
Full textFactors affecting the regeneration of northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) after partial cuts in mixedwood stands on mesic sites were studied using three distinct approaches. Firstly, single-tree selection cutting (25% of basal area removed), shelterwood seed-cutting (50% of basal area removed), and group selection cutting (gaps of 1.5H × 1.5H; 625 m2) were monitored over three years in the Outaouais Region (Quebec, Canada) to measure the abundance, establishment, and short-term growth of a new regeneration cohort. Secondly, a retrospective study was conducted in partial cuts in the Outaouais Region, Papineau-Labelle wildlife reserve (Quebec, Canada), and at the Penobscot Experimental Forest (PEF, Maine, United States) to compare diameter and height growth of white-cedar seedlings, layers, and small saplings in regions with different densities of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman). Thirdly, the abundance and recruitment of seedlings, and turning rates and mortality of white-cedar saplings, were studied in stands managed by repeated partial cutting over a 40-year period at the PEF. These three approaches demonstrated that small white-cedar seedlings (< 15 cm high) are present under many intensities of partial cuts, but the best combination of conditions to establish seedlings are: proximity of seed trees, partial opening of the canopy (single-tree selection cutting), exposed mineral soil, and low competition level. Height growth appears to be primarily a function of the region and light availability, and diameter growth increases following partial cutting. With a high density of deer, recruitment of seedlings over 30 cm high and to sapling stage is low, limiting density of saplings. In light of these results, it is preferable to pre-establish white-cedar regeneration by partial cutting of low intensity, or to work with naturally pre-established regeneration. After seedlings are established, a wider canopy opening can release seedlings and saplings and increase height and diameter growth. It may be necessary to control browsing pressure according to deer population densities.
Boudreau, Jonathan. "Biomasse forestière aérienne régionale au Québec à partir d'un lidar aérien et spatial." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26326/26326.pdf.
Full textA method to estimate aboveground dry biomass of Quebec’s forest ecosystems was developed using data from a spaceborn lidar. The study area covers the portion of the province south of the treeline, an area of 1.3 M Km2. Biomass was first estimated for ground inventory plots using allometric equations. A small footprint laser profiler then flew over these inventory plots to develop a generic airborne lidar-based biomass equation (R2 = 0.65, n=207). As well, the Landsat ETM+ land cover map and the vegetation zone maps were used to develop stratified equations (R2 ranging between 0.51 and 0.79). The same airborne lidar system flew along four portions of orbits of the ICESat Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). An equation was developed to predict airborne profiling lidar estimates of aboveground dry biomass from GLAS data and from the SRTM digital elevation model (R2 = 0.59, n=1325). These results allowed us to use the 104,044 GLAS pulses available over the study area to estimate the total aboveground dry biomass for the main vegetation areas of Quebec as well as for the entire study area. Biomass for the entire study area averaged 39.0 2.2 (standard error) Mg ha-1 and totalled 4.9 0.3 Pg with 36% of this biomass located in non-commercial forests and 51% located in the boreal forest (both commercial and non-commercial).
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Belley, Denis. "Détermination des propriétés de transfert de chaleur et de masse des panneaux de fibres de bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26716/26716.pdf.
Full textNumerous mathematical models have been developed to predict the behaviour of medium density fiberboard panels (MDF) during the hot pressing process. However, despite these efforts, it still remains many parameters to define precisely in order to describe correctly the physical phenomena occurring during the hot pressing process. This project was focused on the determination of the parameters required for a finite element model of the MDF panels hot pressing process. More specifically, the project objectives were the determination and analysis of thermal conductivity and permeability in relation with different factors such as particle size, moisture content, density and temperature of the MDF panel. The MDF panels used for the project were made of black spruce fibers (Picea mariana) of three fiber sizes and five different densities. Black spruce (Picea mariana) fibers were chosen because they are used for the manufacture of most of the MDF panels produced in Eastern Canada. The methods chosen to determine gas permeability and thermal conductivity have been used by many other researchers. The results obtained show that fiber size has no significant impact on the gas permeability of MDF panels. However, density had a significant effect on gas permeability. Indeed, the higher the density, the lower the gas permeability which is in agreement with the literature on the subject. The results of thermal conductivity were between 0,06 and 0,25 W/mºC according to density, fibre size and moisture content. Precisely, the results have shown that the thermal conductivity of MDF panels increases with density, moisture content and temperature up to a certain point as the theory mentions. However, for thermal conductivity, a significant difference was noticed between the large fiber size class panels and the average and small fiber size class panels. The last two classes had a similar behaviour all along the test while the large fiber size panels behaviour was different for the variables studied.
Hashemi, Beni Leila. "Development of a 3D Kinetic Data Structure adapted for a 3D Spatial Dynamic Field Simulation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26532/26532.pdf.
Full textGeographic information systems (GIS) are widely used for representation, management and analysis of spatial data in many disciplines including geosciences, agriculture, forestry, metrology and oceanography etc. In particular, geoscientists have increasingly used these tools for data integration and management purposes in many environmental applications ranging from water resources management to global warming study. Beyond these capabilities, geoscientists need to model and simulate 3D dynamic spatial fields and readily integrate those results with other relevant spatial information in order to have a better understating of the environment. However, GIS are very limited for modeling and simulation of spatial fields which are mostly three dimensional and dynamic. These limitations are mainly related to the existing GIS spatial data structures which are 2D and static and are not designed to address the 3D and dynamic aspects of continuous fields. Hence, the main objective of this research work is to improve the current GIS capabilities for modeling and simulation of 3D spatial dynamic fields by development of a 3D kinetic data structure. Based on our literature review, 3D dynamic Delaunay tetrahedralization (DT) and its dual, 3D Voronoi diagram (VD), have many interesting potentials for handling the 3D and dynamic nature of those kind of phenomena. However, because of the special configurations of datasets in geosciences applications, the DT of such data is often inadequate for numerical integration and simulation of dynamic field. For example, in a hydrogeological simulation, the data form highly irregular set of points aligned in vertical direction and very sparse horizontally which may result in very large, small or thin tessellation elements. The size and shape of tessellation elements have an important impact on the accuracy of the results of the simulation of a field as well as the related computational costs. Therefore, in the first step of the research work, we develop an adaptive refinement method based on 3D dynamic Delaunay data structure, and construct a 3D adaptive tessellation for the representation and simulation of a dynamic field. This tessellation is conformed to represent the complexity of fields, considering the discontinuities and the shape and size criteria. In order to deal with the dynamic behavior of 3D spatial fields in a moving framework within GIS, in the second step, we extend 3D dynamic VD to 3D kinetic VD in the sense of being capable of keeping update the 3D spatial tessellation during a dynamic simulation process. Then, we show how such a spatial data structure can support moving elements within the tessellation and their interactions. The proposed kinetic data structure provides an elegant way for the management of the connectivity changes between moving elements within the tessellation. In addition, the problems resulting from using a fixed time step, such as overshoots and undetected collisions, are addressed by providing very flexible mechanisms to detect and manage different changes (events) in the spatial tessellation by 3D DT. Finally, we study the potentials of the kinetic 3D spatial data structure for the simulation of a dynamic field in 3D space. For this purpose, we describe in detail different steps for the adaption of this data structure from its discretization for a 3D continuous field to its numerical integration based on an event driven method, and show how the tessellation moves and the topology, connectivity, and physical parameters of the tessellation cells are locally updated following any event in the tessellation. For the validation of the proposed spatial data structure itself and its potentials for the simulation of a dynamic field, three case studies are presented in the thesis. According to our observations during the simulation process, the data structure is maintained and the 3D spatial information is managed adequately. Furthermore, the results obtained from the experimentations are very satisfactory and are comparable with results obtained from other existing methods for the simulation of the same dynamic field. Finally, some of the limitations of the proposed approach related to the development of the 3D kinetic data structure itself and its adaptation for the representation and simulation of a 3D dynamic spatial field are discussed and some solutions are suggested for the improvement of the proposed approach.
Caceres, Cuadros Claudia. "Micro-imagerie par résonnance magnétique de la distribution de l'eau liquide dans le bois d'érable à sucre au-dessous du point de saturation des fibres." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26637/26637.pdf.
Full textBeaudoin, Jean-Michel. "L'entrepreneuriat forestier autochtone : le cas de la communauté ilnu de Mashteuiatsh." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26570/26570.pdf.
Full textThe participation of the First Nations in forestry is a fundamental issue in the province of Québec. For their part, First Nations are considering forestry as a lever to improve the socioeconomic conditions in their communities. Over the last decades, there has been an increasing participation of First Nations in the forestry sector. Unfortunately, little information is currently available on aboriginal community initiatives in regards to business creation. The main objective of this research is to identify key factors that favor or limit aboriginal business creation in forestry. This study first presents the development of forest entrepreneurship within the Ilnu community of Mashteuiatsh, located in the region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. The first chapter situates this project in the broader context of Québec forestry. The second chapter draws a portrait of forestry entrepreneurs within this community. The third chapter compares these aboriginal forestry entrepreneurs to non-aboriginal forestry entrepreneurs from the same area. Ours results demonstrate the importance for the aboriginal forest entrepreneur of the social network of the Mashteuiatsh Ilnu community. This network contributes to the differences observed when comparing the portrait, the perceptions and motivations of forestry entrepreneurs within the Ilnu community of Mashteuiatsh to those of non-aboriginal forestry entrepreneurs. In addition, Aboriginal forest entrepreneurs seem more optimist than non-aboriginal entrepreneurs when evaluating they actual situation and future.
Arfaoui, Aymen. "Étalonnage de caméras numériques à l'aide de splines cubiques composées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26525/26525.pdf.
Full textDorval, Legras Baptiste, and Legras Baptiste Dorval. "Effet de la teneur en humidité du bois sur la performance des assemblages bois boulonnés de pin gris." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21290.
Full textCe projet porte sur la problématique de l’influence de l’humidité sur la performance des attaches boulonnées des charpentes en bois. Afin d’améliorer la justesse des règles de calcul des charpentes en bois présentées dans la norme canadienne CSA-O86, nous vérifions, dans cette étude, la pertinence du coefficient de service (KSF) appliqué aux attaches dans des teneurs en humidité (TH) variables. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons cinq types d’attaches assemblées de bois sec (TH ≈ 12%) et humide (TH ≥ 19%) et testées en trois conditions d’humidité (TH ≈ 8%; TH ≈ 12%; TH ≥ 19%). Toutes les attaches sont constituées d’une membrure de pin gris (Pinus banksiana) de 89 mm d’épaisseur et de plaques de jonctions en acier de 6,4 mm d’épaisseur, le tout assemblé de boulons de 12,7 mm de diamètre de grade 2 et, dans certains cas, de grade 5. Les attaches sont à un, deux et six boulons; pour ce dernier, on fait varier l’espacement entre les rangées et entre les boulons. Chaque série inclut six éprouvettes, avec un joint à chacune des deux extrémités, pour un total de 198 tests de traction parallèle au fil du bois en double cisaillement. Les paramètres suivants sont déterminés pour chaque test : la limite de proportionnalité, le seuil de plasticité, la charge maximale, la rigidité, la ductilité et le mode de rupture. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent que c’est l’humidité du bois lors du test et non pas lors du montage qui est plus importante pour la performance des attaches. La rigidité augmente en proportion de la diminution de l’humidité en dessous du point de saturation des fibres, qui est accompagnée par une transition du mode de rupture de ductile à fragile. Les attaches assemblées et testées humides (TH > 19%) sont les plus faibles, mais les plus ductiles. Le séchage du bois a un plus grand effet sur les attaches avec un espacement plus petit entre connecteurs : en plus de la rupture fragile, leur résistance est réduite 15% en condition très sèche (TH ≈ 8%). La diminution de la résistance d’attaches en conditions très sèches est observée; néanmoins, pour les modes de rupture fragiles, le coefficient de service (KSF) est jugé trop conservateur. Des propositions sont faites et justifiées pour le remplacement du KSF par le coefficient de service en cisaillement et en traction longitudinale (KSv et KSt) dans les cas de rupture fragile, comme il est couramment recommandé dans la norme américaine National Design Specification.
This research is focused on the effect of moisture on the performance of bolted connections in timber structures. To improve the accuracy of the engineering design of timber structures based on the Canadian standard CSA-O86, we studied the relevance of the service factor (KSF) as applied to the lateral resistance of fastenings in different moisture conditions (MC). To reach this goal, we used five connection configurations assembled with seasoned (MC ≈ 12%) and unseasoned (MC ≥ 19%) timber and tested at various moisture conditions: wet (MC ≥ 19%), dry (MC ≈ 12%) and very dry (MC ≈ 8%). All connections were 89-mm thick jack pine (Pinus banksiana) sawn lumber and 6.4-mm thick steel side plates assembled with 12.7-mm diameter bolts of grade 2 and, in some cases, of grade 5. The joints included one, two or six bolts; in the latter, the fasteners were installed in two rows with various spacing between the rows and between the bolts in a row. Each series consisted of six specimens, with a joint at both ends, with a total of 198 tests in tension parallel to grain of wood in double shear. The following parameters were determined from each test: proportional limit, yield point, maximum load, stiffness, ductility and failure mode. Results of the study revealed that it was moisture content at test and not at the time of assembly that influenced the performance of the tested connections the most. The stiffness increased in direct proportion with the decrease of moisture content below the fibre saturation point, which was accompanied with a transition from ductile to brittle failure. Connections assembled and tested unseasoned (MC > 19%) were the weakest but the most ductile. Seasoning had the highest effect on the connections with the minimum spacing of fasteners within and between the rows: not only were they the most brittle, their load capacity was reduced 15% in very dry conditions (MC ≈ 8%). The reduction of load capacity of connections in very dry conditions was observed; yet for brittle failure modes, the service factor KSF was found to be overly conservative. Proposals are put forward and justified to replace the KSF by service condition factors in longitudinal shear and tension (KSv and KSt) in case of brittle failure modes, which is the current recommended practice in the US National Design Specification.
This research is focused on the effect of moisture on the performance of bolted connections in timber structures. To improve the accuracy of the engineering design of timber structures based on the Canadian standard CSA-O86, we studied the relevance of the service factor (KSF) as applied to the lateral resistance of fastenings in different moisture conditions (MC). To reach this goal, we used five connection configurations assembled with seasoned (MC ≈ 12%) and unseasoned (MC ≥ 19%) timber and tested at various moisture conditions: wet (MC ≥ 19%), dry (MC ≈ 12%) and very dry (MC ≈ 8%). All connections were 89-mm thick jack pine (Pinus banksiana) sawn lumber and 6.4-mm thick steel side plates assembled with 12.7-mm diameter bolts of grade 2 and, in some cases, of grade 5. The joints included one, two or six bolts; in the latter, the fasteners were installed in two rows with various spacing between the rows and between the bolts in a row. Each series consisted of six specimens, with a joint at both ends, with a total of 198 tests in tension parallel to grain of wood in double shear. The following parameters were determined from each test: proportional limit, yield point, maximum load, stiffness, ductility and failure mode. Results of the study revealed that it was moisture content at test and not at the time of assembly that influenced the performance of the tested connections the most. The stiffness increased in direct proportion with the decrease of moisture content below the fibre saturation point, which was accompanied with a transition from ductile to brittle failure. Connections assembled and tested unseasoned (MC > 19%) were the weakest but the most ductile. Seasoning had the highest effect on the connections with the minimum spacing of fasteners within and between the rows: not only were they the most brittle, their load capacity was reduced 15% in very dry conditions (MC ≈ 8%). The reduction of load capacity of connections in very dry conditions was observed; yet for brittle failure modes, the service factor KSF was found to be overly conservative. Proposals are put forward and justified to replace the KSF by service condition factors in longitudinal shear and tension (KSv and KSt) in case of brittle failure modes, which is the current recommended practice in the US National Design Specification.
Moore, Thomas Y. "Analyse financière avec simulations Monte-Carlo de nouveaux traitements de coupes de jardinage en forêt résineuse irrégulière au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21306.
Full textThis study evaluated the economic feasibility of two new treatments of selection cutting, developed for the irregular softwood forests of Quebec (Canada). This economic feasibility was compared to the profitability of the clear cut with advance growth protection, cover a horizon superior to 200 years, and consider the majority of the operation costs, until the final products (lumber and chips). The results show that the two selection cuttings will allow constant revenues and costs over time, and also that, in the future, they will be economically more attractive than clear cuts, considering our hypothesis. The financial study comparing the two selection cuttings to clear cut, includes Monte Carlo simulations. This approach allows considering uncertainties of variables, their interactions, and their impacts on profitability. So, the net present values are associated with a distribution of probabilities.