Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2009 S163'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 47 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2009 S163.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Salehi, Mehrdad. "Developing a Model and a Language to Identify and Specify the Integrity Constraints in Spatial Datacubes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26325/26325.pdf.
Full textTexte en anglais avec résumés en anglais et en français. Bibliogr.: f. 185-197. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.
Larouche, Catherine. "La régénération du thuya après coupes partielles en peuplements mixtes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21315.
Full textFactors affecting the regeneration of northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) after partial cuts in mixedwood stands on mesic sites were studied using three distinct approaches. Firstly, single-tree selection cutting (25% of basal area removed), shelterwood seed-cutting (50% of basal area removed), and group selection cutting (gaps of 1.5H × 1.5H; 625 m2) were monitored over three years in the Outaouais Region (Quebec, Canada) to measure the abundance, establishment, and short-term growth of a new regeneration cohort. Secondly, a retrospective study was conducted in partial cuts in the Outaouais Region, Papineau-Labelle wildlife reserve (Quebec, Canada), and at the Penobscot Experimental Forest (PEF, Maine, United States) to compare diameter and height growth of white-cedar seedlings, layers, and small saplings in regions with different densities of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman). Thirdly, the abundance and recruitment of seedlings, and turning rates and mortality of white-cedar saplings, were studied in stands managed by repeated partial cutting over a 40-year period at the PEF. These three approaches demonstrated that small white-cedar seedlings (< 15 cm high) are present under many intensities of partial cuts, but the best combination of conditions to establish seedlings are: proximity of seed trees, partial opening of the canopy (single-tree selection cutting), exposed mineral soil, and low competition level. Height growth appears to be primarily a function of the region and light availability, and diameter growth increases following partial cutting. With a high density of deer, recruitment of seedlings over 30 cm high and to sapling stage is low, limiting density of saplings. In light of these results, it is preferable to pre-establish white-cedar regeneration by partial cutting of low intensity, or to work with naturally pre-established regeneration. After seedlings are established, a wider canopy opening can release seedlings and saplings and increase height and diameter growth. It may be necessary to control browsing pressure according to deer population densities.
Boudreau, Jonathan. "Biomasse forestière aérienne régionale au Québec à partir d'un lidar aérien et spatial." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26326/26326.pdf.
Full textA method to estimate aboveground dry biomass of Quebec’s forest ecosystems was developed using data from a spaceborn lidar. The study area covers the portion of the province south of the treeline, an area of 1.3 M Km2. Biomass was first estimated for ground inventory plots using allometric equations. A small footprint laser profiler then flew over these inventory plots to develop a generic airborne lidar-based biomass equation (R2 = 0.65, n=207). As well, the Landsat ETM+ land cover map and the vegetation zone maps were used to develop stratified equations (R2 ranging between 0.51 and 0.79). The same airborne lidar system flew along four portions of orbits of the ICESat Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). An equation was developed to predict airborne profiling lidar estimates of aboveground dry biomass from GLAS data and from the SRTM digital elevation model (R2 = 0.59, n=1325). These results allowed us to use the 104,044 GLAS pulses available over the study area to estimate the total aboveground dry biomass for the main vegetation areas of Quebec as well as for the entire study area. Biomass for the entire study area averaged 39.0 2.2 (standard error) Mg ha-1 and totalled 4.9 0.3 Pg with 36% of this biomass located in non-commercial forests and 51% located in the boreal forest (both commercial and non-commercial).
Inscrit au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures
Belley, Denis. "Détermination des propriétés de transfert de chaleur et de masse des panneaux de fibres de bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26716/26716.pdf.
Full textNumerous mathematical models have been developed to predict the behaviour of medium density fiberboard panels (MDF) during the hot pressing process. However, despite these efforts, it still remains many parameters to define precisely in order to describe correctly the physical phenomena occurring during the hot pressing process. This project was focused on the determination of the parameters required for a finite element model of the MDF panels hot pressing process. More specifically, the project objectives were the determination and analysis of thermal conductivity and permeability in relation with different factors such as particle size, moisture content, density and temperature of the MDF panel. The MDF panels used for the project were made of black spruce fibers (Picea mariana) of three fiber sizes and five different densities. Black spruce (Picea mariana) fibers were chosen because they are used for the manufacture of most of the MDF panels produced in Eastern Canada. The methods chosen to determine gas permeability and thermal conductivity have been used by many other researchers. The results obtained show that fiber size has no significant impact on the gas permeability of MDF panels. However, density had a significant effect on gas permeability. Indeed, the higher the density, the lower the gas permeability which is in agreement with the literature on the subject. The results of thermal conductivity were between 0,06 and 0,25 W/mºC according to density, fibre size and moisture content. Precisely, the results have shown that the thermal conductivity of MDF panels increases with density, moisture content and temperature up to a certain point as the theory mentions. However, for thermal conductivity, a significant difference was noticed between the large fiber size class panels and the average and small fiber size class panels. The last two classes had a similar behaviour all along the test while the large fiber size panels behaviour was different for the variables studied.
Hashemi, Beni Leila. "Development of a 3D Kinetic Data Structure adapted for a 3D Spatial Dynamic Field Simulation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26532/26532.pdf.
Full textGeographic information systems (GIS) are widely used for representation, management and analysis of spatial data in many disciplines including geosciences, agriculture, forestry, metrology and oceanography etc. In particular, geoscientists have increasingly used these tools for data integration and management purposes in many environmental applications ranging from water resources management to global warming study. Beyond these capabilities, geoscientists need to model and simulate 3D dynamic spatial fields and readily integrate those results with other relevant spatial information in order to have a better understating of the environment. However, GIS are very limited for modeling and simulation of spatial fields which are mostly three dimensional and dynamic. These limitations are mainly related to the existing GIS spatial data structures which are 2D and static and are not designed to address the 3D and dynamic aspects of continuous fields. Hence, the main objective of this research work is to improve the current GIS capabilities for modeling and simulation of 3D spatial dynamic fields by development of a 3D kinetic data structure. Based on our literature review, 3D dynamic Delaunay tetrahedralization (DT) and its dual, 3D Voronoi diagram (VD), have many interesting potentials for handling the 3D and dynamic nature of those kind of phenomena. However, because of the special configurations of datasets in geosciences applications, the DT of such data is often inadequate for numerical integration and simulation of dynamic field. For example, in a hydrogeological simulation, the data form highly irregular set of points aligned in vertical direction and very sparse horizontally which may result in very large, small or thin tessellation elements. The size and shape of tessellation elements have an important impact on the accuracy of the results of the simulation of a field as well as the related computational costs. Therefore, in the first step of the research work, we develop an adaptive refinement method based on 3D dynamic Delaunay data structure, and construct a 3D adaptive tessellation for the representation and simulation of a dynamic field. This tessellation is conformed to represent the complexity of fields, considering the discontinuities and the shape and size criteria. In order to deal with the dynamic behavior of 3D spatial fields in a moving framework within GIS, in the second step, we extend 3D dynamic VD to 3D kinetic VD in the sense of being capable of keeping update the 3D spatial tessellation during a dynamic simulation process. Then, we show how such a spatial data structure can support moving elements within the tessellation and their interactions. The proposed kinetic data structure provides an elegant way for the management of the connectivity changes between moving elements within the tessellation. In addition, the problems resulting from using a fixed time step, such as overshoots and undetected collisions, are addressed by providing very flexible mechanisms to detect and manage different changes (events) in the spatial tessellation by 3D DT. Finally, we study the potentials of the kinetic 3D spatial data structure for the simulation of a dynamic field in 3D space. For this purpose, we describe in detail different steps for the adaption of this data structure from its discretization for a 3D continuous field to its numerical integration based on an event driven method, and show how the tessellation moves and the topology, connectivity, and physical parameters of the tessellation cells are locally updated following any event in the tessellation. For the validation of the proposed spatial data structure itself and its potentials for the simulation of a dynamic field, three case studies are presented in the thesis. According to our observations during the simulation process, the data structure is maintained and the 3D spatial information is managed adequately. Furthermore, the results obtained from the experimentations are very satisfactory and are comparable with results obtained from other existing methods for the simulation of the same dynamic field. Finally, some of the limitations of the proposed approach related to the development of the 3D kinetic data structure itself and its adaptation for the representation and simulation of a 3D dynamic spatial field are discussed and some solutions are suggested for the improvement of the proposed approach.
Caceres, Cuadros Claudia. "Micro-imagerie par résonnance magnétique de la distribution de l'eau liquide dans le bois d'érable à sucre au-dessous du point de saturation des fibres." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26637/26637.pdf.
Full textBeaudoin, Jean-Michel. "L'entrepreneuriat forestier autochtone : le cas de la communauté ilnu de Mashteuiatsh." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26570/26570.pdf.
Full textThe participation of the First Nations in forestry is a fundamental issue in the province of Québec. For their part, First Nations are considering forestry as a lever to improve the socioeconomic conditions in their communities. Over the last decades, there has been an increasing participation of First Nations in the forestry sector. Unfortunately, little information is currently available on aboriginal community initiatives in regards to business creation. The main objective of this research is to identify key factors that favor or limit aboriginal business creation in forestry. This study first presents the development of forest entrepreneurship within the Ilnu community of Mashteuiatsh, located in the region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. The first chapter situates this project in the broader context of Québec forestry. The second chapter draws a portrait of forestry entrepreneurs within this community. The third chapter compares these aboriginal forestry entrepreneurs to non-aboriginal forestry entrepreneurs from the same area. Ours results demonstrate the importance for the aboriginal forest entrepreneur of the social network of the Mashteuiatsh Ilnu community. This network contributes to the differences observed when comparing the portrait, the perceptions and motivations of forestry entrepreneurs within the Ilnu community of Mashteuiatsh to those of non-aboriginal forestry entrepreneurs. In addition, Aboriginal forest entrepreneurs seem more optimist than non-aboriginal entrepreneurs when evaluating they actual situation and future.
Arfaoui, Aymen. "Étalonnage de caméras numériques à l'aide de splines cubiques composées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26525/26525.pdf.
Full textDorval, Legras Baptiste, and Legras Baptiste Dorval. "Effet de la teneur en humidité du bois sur la performance des assemblages bois boulonnés de pin gris." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21290.
Full textCe projet porte sur la problématique de l’influence de l’humidité sur la performance des attaches boulonnées des charpentes en bois. Afin d’améliorer la justesse des règles de calcul des charpentes en bois présentées dans la norme canadienne CSA-O86, nous vérifions, dans cette étude, la pertinence du coefficient de service (KSF) appliqué aux attaches dans des teneurs en humidité (TH) variables. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons cinq types d’attaches assemblées de bois sec (TH ≈ 12%) et humide (TH ≥ 19%) et testées en trois conditions d’humidité (TH ≈ 8%; TH ≈ 12%; TH ≥ 19%). Toutes les attaches sont constituées d’une membrure de pin gris (Pinus banksiana) de 89 mm d’épaisseur et de plaques de jonctions en acier de 6,4 mm d’épaisseur, le tout assemblé de boulons de 12,7 mm de diamètre de grade 2 et, dans certains cas, de grade 5. Les attaches sont à un, deux et six boulons; pour ce dernier, on fait varier l’espacement entre les rangées et entre les boulons. Chaque série inclut six éprouvettes, avec un joint à chacune des deux extrémités, pour un total de 198 tests de traction parallèle au fil du bois en double cisaillement. Les paramètres suivants sont déterminés pour chaque test : la limite de proportionnalité, le seuil de plasticité, la charge maximale, la rigidité, la ductilité et le mode de rupture. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent que c’est l’humidité du bois lors du test et non pas lors du montage qui est plus importante pour la performance des attaches. La rigidité augmente en proportion de la diminution de l’humidité en dessous du point de saturation des fibres, qui est accompagnée par une transition du mode de rupture de ductile à fragile. Les attaches assemblées et testées humides (TH > 19%) sont les plus faibles, mais les plus ductiles. Le séchage du bois a un plus grand effet sur les attaches avec un espacement plus petit entre connecteurs : en plus de la rupture fragile, leur résistance est réduite 15% en condition très sèche (TH ≈ 8%). La diminution de la résistance d’attaches en conditions très sèches est observée; néanmoins, pour les modes de rupture fragiles, le coefficient de service (KSF) est jugé trop conservateur. Des propositions sont faites et justifiées pour le remplacement du KSF par le coefficient de service en cisaillement et en traction longitudinale (KSv et KSt) dans les cas de rupture fragile, comme il est couramment recommandé dans la norme américaine National Design Specification.
This research is focused on the effect of moisture on the performance of bolted connections in timber structures. To improve the accuracy of the engineering design of timber structures based on the Canadian standard CSA-O86, we studied the relevance of the service factor (KSF) as applied to the lateral resistance of fastenings in different moisture conditions (MC). To reach this goal, we used five connection configurations assembled with seasoned (MC ≈ 12%) and unseasoned (MC ≥ 19%) timber and tested at various moisture conditions: wet (MC ≥ 19%), dry (MC ≈ 12%) and very dry (MC ≈ 8%). All connections were 89-mm thick jack pine (Pinus banksiana) sawn lumber and 6.4-mm thick steel side plates assembled with 12.7-mm diameter bolts of grade 2 and, in some cases, of grade 5. The joints included one, two or six bolts; in the latter, the fasteners were installed in two rows with various spacing between the rows and between the bolts in a row. Each series consisted of six specimens, with a joint at both ends, with a total of 198 tests in tension parallel to grain of wood in double shear. The following parameters were determined from each test: proportional limit, yield point, maximum load, stiffness, ductility and failure mode. Results of the study revealed that it was moisture content at test and not at the time of assembly that influenced the performance of the tested connections the most. The stiffness increased in direct proportion with the decrease of moisture content below the fibre saturation point, which was accompanied with a transition from ductile to brittle failure. Connections assembled and tested unseasoned (MC > 19%) were the weakest but the most ductile. Seasoning had the highest effect on the connections with the minimum spacing of fasteners within and between the rows: not only were they the most brittle, their load capacity was reduced 15% in very dry conditions (MC ≈ 8%). The reduction of load capacity of connections in very dry conditions was observed; yet for brittle failure modes, the service factor KSF was found to be overly conservative. Proposals are put forward and justified to replace the KSF by service condition factors in longitudinal shear and tension (KSv and KSt) in case of brittle failure modes, which is the current recommended practice in the US National Design Specification.
This research is focused on the effect of moisture on the performance of bolted connections in timber structures. To improve the accuracy of the engineering design of timber structures based on the Canadian standard CSA-O86, we studied the relevance of the service factor (KSF) as applied to the lateral resistance of fastenings in different moisture conditions (MC). To reach this goal, we used five connection configurations assembled with seasoned (MC ≈ 12%) and unseasoned (MC ≥ 19%) timber and tested at various moisture conditions: wet (MC ≥ 19%), dry (MC ≈ 12%) and very dry (MC ≈ 8%). All connections were 89-mm thick jack pine (Pinus banksiana) sawn lumber and 6.4-mm thick steel side plates assembled with 12.7-mm diameter bolts of grade 2 and, in some cases, of grade 5. The joints included one, two or six bolts; in the latter, the fasteners were installed in two rows with various spacing between the rows and between the bolts in a row. Each series consisted of six specimens, with a joint at both ends, with a total of 198 tests in tension parallel to grain of wood in double shear. The following parameters were determined from each test: proportional limit, yield point, maximum load, stiffness, ductility and failure mode. Results of the study revealed that it was moisture content at test and not at the time of assembly that influenced the performance of the tested connections the most. The stiffness increased in direct proportion with the decrease of moisture content below the fibre saturation point, which was accompanied with a transition from ductile to brittle failure. Connections assembled and tested unseasoned (MC > 19%) were the weakest but the most ductile. Seasoning had the highest effect on the connections with the minimum spacing of fasteners within and between the rows: not only were they the most brittle, their load capacity was reduced 15% in very dry conditions (MC ≈ 8%). The reduction of load capacity of connections in very dry conditions was observed; yet for brittle failure modes, the service factor KSF was found to be overly conservative. Proposals are put forward and justified to replace the KSF by service condition factors in longitudinal shear and tension (KSv and KSt) in case of brittle failure modes, which is the current recommended practice in the US National Design Specification.
Moore, Thomas Y. "Analyse financière avec simulations Monte-Carlo de nouveaux traitements de coupes de jardinage en forêt résineuse irrégulière au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21306.
Full textThis study evaluated the economic feasibility of two new treatments of selection cutting, developed for the irregular softwood forests of Quebec (Canada). This economic feasibility was compared to the profitability of the clear cut with advance growth protection, cover a horizon superior to 200 years, and consider the majority of the operation costs, until the final products (lumber and chips). The results show that the two selection cuttings will allow constant revenues and costs over time, and also that, in the future, they will be economically more attractive than clear cuts, considering our hypothesis. The financial study comparing the two selection cuttings to clear cut, includes Monte Carlo simulations. This approach allows considering uncertainties of variables, their interactions, and their impacts on profitability. So, the net present values are associated with a distribution of probabilities.
Beck, Katherina. "Conception d'un nouveau produit en bois d'ingénierie structural provenant d'essences sous-utilisées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26443/26443.pdf.
Full textIntense competition on the construction material market forces the engineered wood product (EWP) industry to produce high-performance materials at low cost. Any new product must not only outperform established products, it must also be more cost efficient. Costs can be kept under control by making minor changes to the manufacturing process in existing mills and by exploiting currently under-utilized species. Performance can be controlled by manipulating different manufacturing parameters that influence the mechanical and physical properties of the final product. For engineered wood products, these factors include species, strand geometry and alignment, resin, and pressing parameters. The objective of this research was to develop a new oriented strand lumber (OSL) type EWP. To achieve this, a concept was developed for a laminated beam, using oriented strand panels made from species currently available in Eastern Canada. A pressing procedure was determined to obtain similar density profiles for aspen and paper birch. The influence of species, resin content, strand geometry, specific surface, and slenderness ratio were studied. Generally, aspen panels outperformed birch panels when using the same production parameters. A higher resin content increased the internal bond, but did not affect the bending properties. Bending properties could be improved by using longer or thinner strands. The best bending properties were therefore observed for panels made from long, thin aspen strands, with an average bending strength (MOR) of 66.3 MPa and a bending stiffness (MOE) of 13.5 GPa. It was shown that a comparable bending performance for both species could be achieved by using strands with a similar specific surface. Within a given species, maintaining the same slenderness ratio resulted in comparable bending properties, while increasing the slenderness ratio—i.e., using longer or thinner strands—improved performance. Based on these results, laminated OSL beams were produced using long, thin aspen and birch strand panels. In addition, laminated OSB beams were produced from commercial web-stock material. Small scale 3-ply OSL and 4-ply OSB beams were tested in edgewise bending, with OSL yielding superior results. The average MOR and shear corrected MOE values obtained for aspen OSL (52.0 MPa and 9.9 GPa respectively) and birch OSL (58.4 MPa and 10.6 GPa respectively) put both prototypes comfortably within the range required to compete with similar engineered wood products.
Feurer, Denis. "Géométrie 3D des lits de rivière par stéréophotogrammétrie à travers l'eau." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26146/26146.pdf.
Full textBournival, Philippe. "Éclaircie précommerciale dans les peuplements mélangés à feuillus intolérants (MFI) : effet sur l'accroissement quinquennal et sur le coefficient de distribution." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26179/26179.pdf.
Full textThis study was realized in the bioclimatic domain dominated by balsam fir and white birch. Three different treatments of precommercial thinning (PCT), distributed in five blocks, were compared with a control. A conventional treatment was made according to the standards current in Quebec in 2001 and two alternative treatments were elaborated according to the regional objectives. In every block, there are four control plots, four plots treated according to the 2001 MRNF standards of precommercial thinning and four plots treated according to a modification in the standards of 2001. In blocks 1 and 2 the alternate treatment consists in the preservation of residual stems, at a distance of less than 2 m, in a quarter circle. In blocks 3, 4 and 5 the alternate treatment consisted in spacing out to 5 metres the intolerant broad-leaved trees. The effects of treatments and competition on the growth in height and in diameter were modelized for the period of five years following a precommercial thinning. At high density, the intra and interspecific competition affect largely all the aspects of the growth of the coniferous stems, but in low density it affects only the growth in diameter and the thickness of branches. The effects of the PCT on the stem stocking, the average diameter and of the stand basal area were also modelized. The precommercial thinning negatively affects the stocking of broadleaved and coniferous species, but it affects especially the broadleaved trees. The treatment of precommercial thinning improve the increment of the 1 500 largest coniferous stems per hectare, but does not facilitate the increase of stand basal area. The broadleaved or coniferous competitors, shorter than the crop trees, located in a quarter circle within a distance of 2 meters, do not influence the growth of the coniferous stems but they influence negatively the development of branches. This suggests that a precommercial thinning in which some competitors smaller than the studied tree are left as residual stems, could constitute a good alternative method to both tree growth and quality.
Beaulieu, Véronique. "Étude de la visualisation géographique dans un environnement d'exploration interactive de données géodécisionnelles : adaptation et améliorations." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26354/26354.pdf.
Full textTraoré, Bakary. "Influence de la structure anatomique et des métabolites secondaires sur les propriétés physiques et la qualité acoustique du bois de vène (PTEROCARPUS ERINACEUS POIR) provenant du Mali." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26843/26843.pdf.
Full textCe mémoire de thèse est le résultat de plus de 3 ans de travaux de recherche effectués d’une part, en alternance entre le Mali et la France et d’autre part, en cotutelle entre l’Université Laval et l’ENGREF de Nancy. Les travaux de recherche ont essentiellement été effectués au sein du Laboratoire d'Etude des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB/INRA) de l’ENGREF de Nancy et du Centre de Recherche sur le Bois (CRB) de l’Université Laval. C’est donc le lieu pour moi d’exprimer mes plus sincères remerciements au Pr. Patrick PERRE et au Pr. Tatjana STEVANOVIC pour m’avoir accueilli respectivement au sein de ces laboratoires, d’avoir accepté de diriger mes travaux et de m’avoir accordé un soutien financier de taille à travers leurs fonds de recherche. Je tiens à exprimer mes très vifs remerciements à l’adresse de tous ceux qui ont de loin ou de près rendu non seulement le travail possible mais aussi sa réalisation agréable tant à l’Université Laval qu’à l’ENGREF de Nancy. Je voudrais ici en particulier remercier le Pr. René KELLER qui malgré qu’il soit en retraite s’est toujours montré disponible pour mes questions en matière d’anatomie du bois et Loïc BRANCHERIAU, chercheur au CIRAD de Montpellier, pour sa contribution dans l’analyse de la qualité acoustique du bois de vène. Je remercie les techniciens du LERFoB/INRA et du CRB en l’occurrence Mr. Patrice MARCHAL pour la préparation du matériel d’essai et la réalisation des tests de sorption au LERMaB et de Mr. Luc GERMAIN et Mr. Yves BÉDARD respectivement pour la préparation du matériel d’essai et la détermination du taux des cendres à l’Université Laval. Je tiens aussi à remercier Papa Niokor DIOUF pour sa contribution dans la réalisation des essais d’analyse chimique et Carole ASSOR pour ses conseils et sa contribution dans la mise en place définitive du sujet. J’adresse aussi mes sincères remerciements aux autorités française et en particulier au Service de Coopération et d’Action Culturelle de l’Ambassade de France à Bamako (SCAC) qui, à travers son projet d’appui à l’Enseignement Supérieur du Mali, m’a accordé un soutien financier sous forme de bourse d’alternance de 15 mois. Je remercie aussi les autorités maliennes et en particulier le directeur général de l’IPR/IFRA de Katibougou, Pr. Fafré SAMAKE, pour les encouragements, les conseils et le soutien financier dans le prélèvement du matériel expérimental et pour avoir accepté ma demande de mise en congé de formation.
Espinoza-Herrera, Raul. "Panneaux en gypse et particules de bois renforcés avec du ciment Portland." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20780.
Full textCimon-Morin, Jérôme. "Développement d'approches sylvicoles alternatives adaptées aux peuplements irréguliers de sapin baumier et d'épinette noire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26975/26975.pdf.
Full textLegay, Sylvain. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de deux facteurs de transcription MYB R2R3 : rôle dans la formation du bois chez les angiospermes / Sylvain Legay." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20952.
Full textMaillard, Émilie. "Impacts à moyen terme (20 ans) de traitements sylvicoles intensifs sur la séquestration et la stabilité du carbone du sol." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20734.
Full textAuclair, Isabelle. "Propagation de l'if du Canada (Taxus canadensis Marsh.) par bouturage : les effets de divers facteurs physiologiques et environnementaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26387/26387.pdf.
Full textCyr, Pierre-Louis. "Pénétration des résines à base d'urée et de formaldéhyde (UF et UMF) dans les fibres de bois des panneaux de moyenne densité (MDF)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25957/25957.pdf.
Full textFrenette, Caroline. "Analyse multicritère de compositions de mur à ossature légère en bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26642/26642.pdf.
Full textVigneault, Frédéric. "Caractérisation de la famille des protéines Kinases de type NIMA chez les plantes et analyse fonctionnelle de PNek1, une NEK du peuplier (populus tremula X P. Alba clone 717 I-B4)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26002/26002.pdf.
Full textThe NIMA-related kinases family (Neks) is well conserved among eukaryotes. Several studies, especially on Aspergillus nidulans NIMA and mammalian Nek2, have tagged them as cell cycle regulators. The objective pursued in this work was to characterise the plant Nek family and, more specifically, to identify a possible role for PNek1, a Nek from poplar tree. Here, I describe nine PtNeks in Populus trichocarpa, seven AtNeks in Arabidopsis thaliana and six OsNeks in Oryza sativa. Phylogenetic analysis in addition to their chromosomal distribution suggest a unique origin for all plant Neks. Exhaustive transcript expression analysis indicates that plant Neks regulation is related to the basipetal and vascular plant development patterns. Moreover, PNek1 promoter expression analysis reveals a striking similarity with sites of auxin production, basipetal leaf development and vascular initiation. However, PNek1 is not induced by auxin signalling. PNek1 overexpression in Arabidopsis induces severe inflorescence anomalies, which can lead to flower sterility. At the cell level, PNek1 is localised in the nucleoli and accumulates during the G2 phase before the onset for mitosis. PNek1 transcript accumulation could also be induced by a genotoxic stress at the G1/S checkpoint. Yeast two-hybrid experiments indicate that PNek1 could be involved in mRNA maturation since it interacts with DBR1, a protein directly involved in RNA splicing. This work offers a unique perspective to the actual Neks literature as cell cycle regulators. The particular biological context of poplar trees also brought me to associate Neks with complex organ development. This approach and these observations represent an original contribution, distinguishing itself from the numerous mammalians studies which only looked at their relation to the cell cycle regulation.
Landry, Véronic. "Revêtements nanocomposites à haute teneur en solide cuits aux ultraviolets pour les couvre-planchers en bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26634/26634.pdf.
Full textRadiation curable coatings are presently the standard in the wood flooring industry. Their great properties paired with their fast curing explain why they are now the most used coatings for prefinished wood flooring. Although important improvements can still be brought to these coatings. During the last years, nanoparticles have gained increasing interest in the thermoplastic industry. It could lead to similar results for the thermoset materials. In this project, metal oxides (alumina and zirconia) and clay nanoparticles were added in a typical UV acrylate formulation for wood flooring. This formulation was chosen mostly for its wear resistance, low yellowing and fast curing. Nanoparticles were added in the acrylate formulation by different techniques (high speed mixing, ball milling, bead milling and three roll milling). Then, particle size characterization was performed. Different techniques were employed according to the nanoparticles studied (metal oxides or clay). Microscopic experiments were also performed with an aim of supporting these results. Then, nanoparticles and coupling agents addition effects on curing (speed and percentage of curing) were studied by photo-calorimetry (photo-DSC) and real-time infrared spectroscopy (RT-FTIR). Mechanical properties (hardness, adhesion, scratch resistance, wear resistance, direct and reverse impact resistance) were evaluated. Optical properties (color, gloss, haze and optical clarity) were also assessed. For clay-based coatings, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed in order to determine if clay loading and clay dispersion affect the mechanical and optical properties.
Bélanger, Etienne. "La certification forestière et le renouvellement du régime forestier québécois : un sondage en méthode-Q." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20564.
Full textWe have used a Q-methodology survey – a subjectivity studying technique – to explore different perceptions of forest certification in Quebec. Three different viewpoints were discovered. We have also done an analysis of institutional changes within Quebec's forest sector. As a result, we expect Quebec's forest regime to undergo an important effort of decentralization in which forest certification will play an important role. First, we have individuals who primarily view certification as a tool of management and who may place greater importance on forest industries' certification leadership. People in this category may want the traditional role of private firms as developers and managers of the crown's forests to be secured. On the other hand, there are people who view certification as a tool for public relations and who may be opposed to preserving the traditional role of private firms. For this group of people, proof of improvement of certified forest practices would be a requirement. Finally, people who view certification as a tool of governance may approve of reform and thus, try to catalyze it. Such individuals will demand an enhancement of public involvement processes in the forest sector. This group of people will want forest management responsibilities and power to be more equitable.
Brahim, Naouraz. "Évaluation du potentiel des capteurs acoustiques sous-marins dans l'inspection des infrastructures portuaires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25985/25985.pdf.
Full textBriant, Gaël. "Estimation et localisation de l'assèchement forestier amazonien par imagerie MODIS." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26396/26396.pdf.
Full textAllard, Émilie. "Utilisation hivernale des ravages du cerf de Virginie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26636/26636.pdf.
Full textHabitat selection and movements are among the most studied parameters in wildlife ecology since they influence population distribution and its dynamics. Indeed, habitat selection may influence white-tailed deer winter survival. In this study, I showed that the influence of habitat on survival appears to be more important at broad scale, thus indicating its greater potential to influence survival. This demonstrates the importance of adequately managing white-tailed deer yards at a broader scale. Deer also showed a selection for primary roads, an influence that was reflected on movements. They lowered their distance moved when movements were occurring near roads when these were studied at a fine temporal scale. Also, the use of a continuous-time interval for GPS fixes, a novel sampling strategy we used here, demonstrated that no matter the time interval used, white-tailed deer maximize their habitat use while minimizing displacements since they tend to reverse their direction.
Kuljich, Rios Svetka. "Influence du diamètre des billes sur la qualité de surface du bois d'épinette noire produit avec une équarrisseuse-fragmenteuse." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21294.
Full textAlvarez, Eric. "Influence d'un siècle de récolte forestière sur la forêt mélangée tempérée de la Mauricie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26252/26252.pdf.
Full textTo ensure sustainable development in a temperate mixedwood boreal forest in central Quebec (Canada), forest managers would like to measure the historical impact of harvesting on forest cover evolution at the landscape level. The main objective of this study was to document, at the landscape level, the historical effects of harvesting on forest cover evolution and wood volume. The study was mainly based on archival records, particularly AbitibiBowater inc 's archives. The objective of the first chapter of this study was to characterize the pre-industrial forest. The main natural disturbances were big fires in 1870 and 1923 and three spruce budworm epidemics in the 20th century. Whatever the scale considered in this study, the pre-industrial forest cover was mainly composed of mature or old-growth (> 100 years) and dominated by mixedwood forest stands with intolerant hardwoods. The main forest species were white birch, black spruce and jack pine, three species associated to forest succession after fire in the boreal forest. Chapter 2 had as objectives to make an historical reconstruction of forest cover evolution in 14 landscapes and to qualify the possible effects of harvesting. For the latter, we used three analytical methods in a triangulation approach. The main alteration of forest harveting on forest cover was qualified as additive to the natural dynamic, particularly considering the increase of intolerant hardwoods. The objective of chapter 3 was to make an historical reconstruction of wood harvesting in a past forest concession (Vermillon). We monitored indicators of forest sustainability in order to discuss the impacts of forest concession revocation in 1986. In the context of our study we noted an increase of wood harvesting after the revocation. Although we were unable to conclude that the new policy was a threat to wood production sustainability, on a sustainable yield basis, our security margin has surely diminished since the introduction of the policy of 1986. “To keep in mind the actions we have done and their results” should be a leitmotiv in our forest management. At least, we should record the data collected during regular operations.
Power, Hugues. "Modélisation de la remontée de la cime du pin gris." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25950/25950.pdf.
Full textJack pine crown recession was studied using data from stands varying in age, density and site index. The resulting model should be included in the CROBAS forest growth model. As a first step, several crown height equations were derived from previously published results and from a stepwise selection. These equations were then derived with respect to age to estimate crown recession rates. Predicted crown recession rates were then compared to a data set of crown recession values calculated from dated branch mortality. The proposed method of using the time was able to explain a significant amount of the observed crown recession rate. Height growth and stand competition seem to be the main factors that influence crown recession rate.
Ben, Amor Anis. "Caractérisation du comportement hygromécanique des panneaux composites à base de bois finis asymétriquement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26760/26760.pdf.
Full textAoun, Mirella. "Une analyse histopathologique et génomique d'une interaction in vitro entre Ulmus americana et Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26428/26428.pdf.
Full textInteractions between plants and fungal pathogens usually lead to the induction of different host defense mechanisms. Some of these mechanisms are the reinforcement of the plant cell wall by suberin, lignin and wall bound-phenolics, the accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins, and the production of phytoalexins that could be toxic to the pathogen. Yet in susceptible plants, these mechanisms are not effective to produce resistance and disease develops. Dutch elm disease (DED) is a pandemic tree disease that killed millions of elm trees, especially in North America and Europe. The molecular bases of this disease are still poorly understood. With the objective of identifying genes involved in the interaction between the susceptible Ulmus americana L. and the pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier, an in vitro system was developed using callus cultures inoculated with budding cells of the fungus. In order to validate the use of this system for genomic analyses of the interaction, a histopathological analysis was carried out using light and electron microscopy. Fungal colonization of the callus tissue and reactions of callus cells to the presence of the pathogen were observed at 4, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-inoculation (hpi). The fungus was seen in its hyphal form by 48 hpi in all parts of the callus. Histochemical tests showed the importance of host reactions such as the accumulation of phenols, lignin, and suberin. The percentage of suberized cells was 4.6 times higher at 96 hpi in infected calli than in mock-inoculated control calli. A cDNA library using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was constructed from infected elm callus tissue harvested at 72 hpi. A total of 535 expressed sequence tags were generated through partial sequencing and submitted to Genbank. These were grouped into 314 unisequences, the majority corresponding to elm genes identified during the interaction. Fifty-three unisequences representing genes involved in different pathways associated with plant defense were selected by differential screening and considered upregulated in the infected tissues. The expression profiles in mock and infected elm callus cultures of a subset of 18 elm genes were analyzed in more detail by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. These confirmed upregulation and constitutive expression of selected genes during the infection process. This study provides, for the first time, a genome-wide resource for the elm, and furthermore identifies molecular mechanisms likely involved during the interaction between U. americana and the DED pathogen.
Gravel-Grenier, Julie. "Utilisation de variabilité génétique familiale de l'épinette blanche pour améliorer l'enracinement et l'architecture du système racinaire des plants issus de boutures." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21074.
Full textCôté, Caroline. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle et évolutive de régulateurs génétiques de croissance HD-Zip de classe III, chez le peuplier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26721/26721.pdf.
Full textLihra, Torsten. "La personnalisation de masse pour l'industrie du meuble en bois." Doctoral thesis, Québec : Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26203/26203.pdf.
Full textSammari, Hédia. "Modèle de géoide marin dans la mer Égée par altimétrie satellitaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20511.
Full textSt-Georges, Gitane. "Préoccupations, valeurs et aspirations des Innus d'Essipit relativement à leur territoire ancestral, le Nitassinan." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26502/26502.pdf.
Full textLandry, Marie-Eve. "Approche systémique appliquée à la Forêt Modèle Reventazón (Costa Rica)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25949/25949.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this investigation is to develop a better understanding of the Reventazón Model Forest's (RMF) system, a subsystem of the International Model Forest Network (IMFN), and its potential interaction with other model forests of the IMFN. In this context, the system approach is used to examine the RMF subsystem, within which a variety of components are organized and interconnected. This study first carries out the analysis of one of the RMF components: the agroforestry practices with annual crops in the northern part of the Reventazón watershed. A qualitative methodology is then developed and applied to facilitate the priority ranking of elements potentially transferrable or exchangeable between at least two model forests through the comparison of the RMF (Costa Rica) and the Bas-Saint-Laurent Model Forest (Canada). This study demonstrates the prospect that exists for these sites to establish a closer relationship by engaging in horizontal collaboration and knowledge sharing opportunities.
Bejaoui, Lotfi. "Qualitative Topological Relationships for Objects with Possibly Vague Shapes: Implications on the Specification of Topological Integrity Constraints in Transactional Spatial Databases and in Spatial Data Warehouses." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26348/26348.pdf.
Full textPlanckaert, Ophelie. "Évaluation des coûts de déplacement de la martre d'Amérique dans une sapinière boréale aménagée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26377/26377.pdf.
Full textIn contrast to the ideal free distribution (Fretwell and Lucas 1969) framework, animals have to face numerous constraints when moving through landscapes. However, these constraints have rarely been integrated, let alone quantified, into habitat selection studies. Spatially-explicit models are increasingly used to make predictions about distribution of animal populations, but they are based on subjective estimations of movement parameters such as resistance to movement and perceptual range. Finally, most ecologists studying movements collect data by radio-telemetry, but this is an expensive method to which alternatives exist. The objectives of this study were to (1) develop an inexpensive approach to analyze movements from spatial distribution data, and (2) estimate value of two parameters (movement resistance and perceptual range) integrated in simulation models of American martens (Martes americana). Every winter from 2004 to 2008, marten tracks were located by snow-tracking. For each year, I designed 150 movement resistance scenarios differing by three spatial resolutions (5 m, 25 m, and 100 m), 10 resistance factors in open areas (range 4-1000), and five scenarios differing by edge effect and relative movement cost in young stands (age 11-30 y). With a Geographical Information System (GIS), ‘least-cost’ paths were generated across the study area, according to each cost scenario. Nearest-neighbor distances between points where simulated paths met transects and real marten tracks were used to assess simulation performance. In 78 % of cases (45 % significant), resistance scenarios performed better than corresponding null models (equal resistance in all habitats), suggesting that mosaic structure of our study area did limit movements of American martens. Adding intermediate movement values for young forests increased simulation performance to 93 % (53 % significant), suggesting that movement resistance in young stands was higher than in mature forest. All simulations with a pixel size of 100 m performed significantly better than null models, suggesting that marten perceptual range was at least 100 m. However, model performance was similar among hypothetical movement costs in the open (within scenarios), preventing a reliable estimate of relative movement cost in the open. Studying movements with snow-tracking data appears promising, and may yield useful results in highly fragmented landscapes.
Gérardi, Sébastien. "Étude phylogéographique comparée des polymorphismes des génomes chloroplastique et mitochondrial de l'épinette noire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20799.
Full textLa génogéographie de l'épinette nOIre (Picea mariana) a été étudiée à l'échelle transcontinentale à l'aide de marqueurs microsatellites de l'ADN chloroplastique, puis comparée à celle obtenue par Jaramillo-Correa et al. (2004) à l'aide de marqueurs du génome mitochondrial. Cette approche a permis de confirmer l'existence de lignées génétiques distinctes au sein des populations modernes résultant de l'isolation probable des arbres dans plusieurs populations ancestrales lors du dernier épisode glaciaire. L'intensification de l'échantillonnage a permis de détecter une nouvelle lignée génétique en Alaska. La comparaison de l'étendue des lignées chloroplastiques et mitochondriales a montré que le flux génique par le pollen est beaucoup plus important que celui par les graines et agit préférentiellement de manière unidirectionnelle d'ouest en est. Cette étude a également mis en évidence que certains individus sont caractérisés par des assemblages de génomes chIoroplastique . et mitochondrial probablement apparus sous l'effet du flux génique lors de la recolonisation postglaciaire.
Catford, Jean-Guy. "Mise en évidence de molécules effectrices, les flavonoïdes, impliquées dans la régulation croisée des symbioses mycorhizienne arbusculaire et rhizobienne chez Medicago sativa." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20999.
Full textFournier, Cédric. "Impacts de la tordeuse des Bourgeons de l'épinette (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) sur les volumes ligneux des sapinières protégées par l'application aérienne de Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21117.
Full textCoulombe, Sébastien. "Détermination de l'incertitude associée à la détection de l'effet des changements climatiques sur le rendement des strates d'épinette noire de la forêt boréale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21095.
Full textHébert, Rémi. "Conservation de l'ours noir dans une aire protégée: le parc national de la Mauricie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26190/26190.pdf.
Full textNature conservancy is the main goal of wilderness protected areas. Some conservation strategies, focused on concepts such as ecological integrity, ecosystem management, connectivity, buffer zones, or charismatic megafauna protection have been elaborated in the recent years to reach this goal. The American black bear is a good model to evaluate the efficiency of these conservation strategies since many factors can affect the demography of this species, such as hunting and trapping, habitat loss, and forest exploitation. The central question of my thesis is then the following: “Can a protected area such as La Mauricie National Park of Canada be able to maintain ecological integrity of a large mammal such as the American black bear?”. I used data from the long-term (1990-2005) monitoring of the black bear population in La Mauricie National Park of Canada. In the first chapter, I evaluated the influence of hunting and trapping in the periphery of the park, as well as the influence of poaching and nuisance kills on the survival of bears. Main results indicated that human-caused mortalities have a significant effect on this bear population. In the second chapter, I undertook a population viability analysis. The growth rates estimated with survival and reproduction data indicated that the number of females appears stable in the population, but that the number of males would decline if the population became isolated. In the third chapter, I emphasized the importance of accounting for sampling error in population viability analysis. Finally, in the fourth chapter, I determined the size of the greater ecosystem of La Mauricie National Park of Canada, based on the study of the movements of bears. The results of this thesis show the importance of the territory located outside of a protected area. In my opinion, we will not be able to achieve the long-term protection of the integrity of a bear population in a park of the size of La Mauricie National Park of Canada as long as conservation objectives, supported by the establishment of buffer zones around protected areas, are not integrated in a large-scale greater ecosystem management plan.
Domaine, Éric. "Effets des brûlages dirigés sur la régénération du pin blanc et la diversité des coléoptères du Parc national du Canada de la Mauricie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21115.
Full text