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Academic literature on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2010 G216'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SD 121 UL 2010 G216"
Garcia, Cournoyer Paméla. "Évaluation de la naturalité de peuplements issus de scénarios sylvicoles en sapinière boréale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27427/27427.pdf.
Full textGarcía, Pérez Martha Estrella. "Caractérisation de composés phénoliques des extraits de ramilles du bouleau jaune : étude de leur capacité antioxidante." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19817.
Full textLemieux, Michée Joseph. "Cytoplasmic DNA polymorphisms in eastern hemlock : genogeographic analyses and implications for gene conservation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21903.
Full textLa distribution géographique actuelle de la pruche de l'est (Tsuga canadensis L.) se situe au sud-est du Canada et longe les Appalaches aux États-Unis. Des efforts de développement de marqueurs d'ADN cytoplasmique ont été entrepris dans cette étude afin de vérifier si la diversité génétique de l'espèce était uniforme ou structurée, une information pertinente pour guider les efforts de conservation. Parmi sa distribution, soixante populations (n = 892) ont été échantillonnées. Aucun polymorphisme d'ADN mitochondrial n'a été détecté alors que sept marqueurs d'ADN chloroplastique se sont révélés polymorphes. La différenciation de populations était faible (GST = 0,020), possiblement en raison de l'homogénéisation par le flux pollinique durant l'Holocène. Néanmoins, des analyses spatiales ont décelé une structure significative entre l'est et l'ouest des Appalaches. On retrouve une plus grande différenciation de populations ainsi qu'une plus forte richesse allélique au sud-est des Appalaches, ce qui confère à cette région une priorité de conservation ex situ.
Constantineau, Serge. "Comportement à l'usinage du bois de clones de peupliers hybrides." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21728.
Full textLes comportements au rabotage, ponçage, défonçage et tournage du bois de sept clones de peuplier hybride provenant de trois sites de plantation suivant trois procédés de séchage: conventionnel, à température élevée et à haute température ont été étudiés Les propriétés d'usinage ont été déterminées à une teneur en humidité de 8% suivant la norme ASTM D1666-87. La qualité des surfaces obtenues a été évaluée qualitativement et quantitativement. Les clones de peuplier hybride se sont bien comportés lors du rabotage, ponçage et défonçage. La performance face au tournage fut plutôt faible. Dans l'ensemble, le comportement à l'usinage a été influencé en ordre décroissant d'importance par les paramètres de coupe, les clones, les procédés de séchage et les sites. La meilleure performance du rabotage fut obtenue avec un angle d'attaque de 20° et une onde d'usinage de 1,1 mm. Cette qualité pourrait être encore meilleure en utilisant un angle de 17,5° et une onde d'usinage plus courte. Le séchage conventionnel a eu des effets plus positifs sur la qualité de rabotage que les séchages à température élevée et à haute température. Le ponçage avec un papier fin de 180 grains s'est avéré le meilleur. Le comportement au tournage fut meilleur à une teneur en humidité du bois de 12% comparativement à 8%. Pour le défonçage, le travail en avalant a produit des surfaces plus lisses et de meilleure qualité par rapport à celles obtenues par le travail en opposition. Trois clones ont été identifiés comme étant plus performants pour l'usinage. En général, les bois plus denses ont montré une meilleure performance à l'usinage que les bois légers. Cependant, les corrélations entre la densité du bois et les propriétés d'usinage furent faibles. Bien qu'une sélection orientée selon un critère de densité puisse améliorer indirectement le comportement à l'usinage, l'évaluation directe des propriétés d'usinage est conseillée. Finalement, des effets mineurs des sites et des procédés de séchage ont été observés pour quelques conditions particulières d'usinage et ont par ce fait été considérés négligeables.
Joly, David. "Découverte et caractérisation des petites protéines sécrétées chez les rouilles foliaires du peuplier (melampsora spp.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27676/27676.pdf.
Full textPoplar leaf rusts belonging to the genus Melampsora are considered as the world’s most important disease of poplars. During infection, Melampsora species secrete a diverse set of effector proteins that aim to reprogram the host into a susceptible state. However, recognition of particular effector proteins by the plant immune system, so-called avirulence proteins, leads to induction of the hypersensitve response, a form of programmed cell death. Based on prevalent models of plant–pathogen coevolution, some of these effectors, notably those with avirulence functions, are predicted to exhibit molecular signatures of accelerated evolution. In this thesis, features described above were used to identify the pathogenicity determinants of poplar leaf rusts with the specific aim of identifying candidate effector proteins. The first part of this thesis includes the development of a multifaceted approach to take advantage of available EST libraries, and included computational prediction of secreted proteins, intra- and interspecific comparative genomics, and testing for the presence of positive selection. Accelerated evolution was found to act more importantly on secreted proteins, and most of those proteins under positive selection were shown to harbour a high number of Cys residues and to share no homology in international databases. The second part of this thesis presents the results of a collaborative effort to characterize the entire secretome of M. larici-populina using expert annotation, screening for positive selection, and transcript profiling approaches. A significant part of the secretome was found to be under positive selection, and commonalities described before were observed again (Cys-rich proteins with no homology in international databases). Most of those with transcript evidence were found to be specifically expressed in planta, and positively selected sites were concentrated in the C-terminal region, consistent with an effector function. As a first step toward a functional characterization, immunolocalization of selected candidates has revealed specific labeling of some proteins in the haustoria periphery.
Sun, Ying. "Modifications chimiques induites par le soudage du bois par rotation des goujons à haute vitesse." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27355/27355.pdf.
Full textWood welding by high speed rotation is a technique that has been developed during the last five years. High-speed rotation-induced wood dowel welding, without any adhesive, is shown to rapidly yield wood joints of considerable strength. The welding process is based on mechanical friction created by the high speed rotation. This method has proven to be as effective as vibration welding process, causing a temperature favoring the softening of the main constituents, mainly amorphous zones of cells connecting the polymer material in the structure of wood, including lignin, but also hemicelluloses. This results in high densification of the bonded interface. The goal of this study was to analyze the chemical changes that occur during the rotational welding with dowels of two Canadian hardwood species: sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis). Chemical analysis was performed using pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The study of the structural modification of wood after welding was conducted using DSC and XPS techniques. The differences in chemical composition of both wood species influence the effectiveness of the welding process. Increasing the temperature at the interface causes a higher degradation of hemicelluloses compared to cellulose and lignin. Lignin is softened in a certain range of temperature. The traditional chemical analysis methods were used in this work to determine the chemical compositions of sugar maple and yellow birch. The results show that the lignin content of the maple is higher than that of birch, while the amount of hemicelluloses is lower than that of birch. The contents of cellulose in both hardwood species are very similar. The results of chemical analysis may partly explain the results of mechanical tensile tests which demonstrate that the maple wood yields a better welding quality as opposed to the birch wood. The chemical changes was examined which occur during welding in rotation. The analyses performed separately on wood substrate (reference wood) and welded material by using pyrolysis-GC/MS, DSC and XPS techniques. It is shown that the differences in mechanical performances of the two welded woods are due mainly to the differences in original lignin structures as well as in the welding temperatures determined for the two wood species. The detailed analysis of compounds identified by Py-GC-MS, the ratios S/G and L/C have been discussed. The higher temperature welding found in cases of sugar maple might be responsible for a better miscibility of polymers of wood in the welding zone. This explains the greater presence of hemicellulose derivatives with the formation of a new lignin-polysaccharide complex (LCC) in the welded material.
Rodriguez, Baca Georgina Renée. "Soudage du bois par rotation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27086/27086.pdf.
Full textSboui, Tarek. "A Conceptual Framework and a risk Management Approach for Interoperability Between Geospatial Datacubes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27374/27374.pdf.
Full textToday, we observe wide use of geospatial databases that are implemented in many forms (e.g., transactional centralized systems, distributed databases, multidimensional datacubes). Among those possibilities, the multidimensional datacube is more appropriate to support interactive analysis and to guide the organization’s strategic decisions, especially when different epochs and levels of information granularity are involved. However, one may need to use several geospatial multidimensional datacubes which may be semantically heterogeneous and having different degrees of appropriateness to the context of use. Overcoming the semantic problems related to the semantic heterogeneity and to the difference in the appropriateness to the context of use in a manner that is transparent to users has been the principal aim of interoperability for the last fifteen years. However, in spite of successful initiatives, today's solutions have evolved in a non systematic way. Moreover, no solution has been found to address specific semantic problems related to interoperability between geospatial datacubes. In this thesis, we suppose that it is possible to define an approach that addresses these semantic problems to support interoperability between geospatial datacubes. For that, we first describe interoperability between geospatial datacubes. Then, we define and categorize the semantic heterogeneity problems that may occur during the interoperability process of different geospatial datacubes. In order to resolve semantic heterogeneity between geospatial datacubes, we propose a conceptual framework that is essentially based on human communication. In this framework, software agents representing geospatial datacubes involved in the interoperability process communicate together. Such communication aims at exchanging information about the content of geospatial datacubes. Then, in order to help agents to make appropriate decisions during the interoperability process, we evaluate a set of indicators of the external quality (fitness-for-use) of geospatial datacube schemas and of production context (e.g., metadata). Finally, we implement the proposed approach to show its feasibility.
Sow, Caroline. "Revêtements nanocomposites UV-Aqueux pour le bois à usage intérieur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26623/26623.pdf.
Full textThis research aimed to study the effect of alumina and silica nanoparticles on the properties of varnishes type UV-waterborne nanocomposite coatings for wood products. Mechanical (abrasion resistance, hardness, scratch resistance, impact resistance and adhesion), optical (gloss and color) and thermal (thermal stability and glass transition temperature) properties were analyzed and compared to those of the neat varnish containing no nanoparticles. Not only was the scratch resistance improved following the addition of nanoparticles but also the adhesion of nanocomposite varnishes. However, the presence of nanoparticle aggregates as suggested by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) led to a decrease of the abrasion resistance, the hardness and the impact resistance. As expected, the gloss of varnishes was reduced because of the presence of aggregates which increase the surface roughness of nanocomposite varnishes, although color properties remained unchanged in terms of lighting and yellowing. Ultrasonication was shown to be an efficient dispersion method. Not only did the size of aggregates decrease following the dispersion of nanoalumina and nanosilica in polyurethane-acrylate (PUA) by means of ultrasounds but also their number. Moreover, the improvement of nanoparticle dispersion led to improve the hardness and the impact resistance of nanocomposite varnishes in comparison to varnishes based on nanoparticles dispersed with high speed mixer. Also, ultrasonication presents some disadvantage as thermal properties have demonstrated that ultrasounds could affect PUA resin. Curing kinetic study by means of photodifferential scanning calorimetry (photo-DSC) demonstrated two interesting advantages of UV-waterborne coatings: UV-curing is very fast as the reaction is achieved after 18s and contrary to high solid content UV-coatings, photopolymerization is insensitive to oxygen in spite of free-radical formation during the reaction. The decrease of exothermic curves, obtained from photo-DSC, revealed that the addition of nanoparticles reduced the photopolymerization efficiency of nanocomposite varnishes. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the kinetic profile of nanocomposite varnishes could be described using an autocatalytic model. The importance of surface modification was demonstrated with the study of nanosilica behavior. Not only did the amount and the size of nanosilica aggregates decrease following grafting methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MEMO) groups on the surface of silica nanoparticles but also the number of reactive acrylates functions which can take part in the free-radical polymerization. As a result, the dispersion of silica nanoparticles was better than the one of alumina nanoparticles and nanocomposite varnishes containing nanosilica presented better properties in comparison to nanocomposite varnishes containing nanoalumina dispersed with high speed mixer.
Huth, Juan Fernando Petrinovic. "Bénéfices économiques de l'amélioration génétique : l'épinette blanche au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21980.
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