Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2011 M152'
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Macias-Valadez, Daniel. "Improvement of vertical precision in GPS positioning with a GPS-over-fiber configuration and real-time relative hardware delay monitoring." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28039/28039.pdf.
Full textCool, Julie, and Julie Cool. "Optimisation de l'usinage de finition du bois d'épinette noire pour fins d'adhésion." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22507.
Full textLa présente recherche a eu pour but principal d’évaluer l’effet de l’usinage de finition du bois d’épinette noire en fonction de la qualité de surface et la performance d’une colle d’acétate de polyvinyle et d’un revêtement de finition aqueux, deux types de produits typiquemment utilisés dans la fabrication de produits d’apparence à usage intérieur. Dans un premier volet, on a évalué la qualité de surface et la résistance au cisaillement à la ligne de colle d’échantillons poncés, rabotés en coupe oblique et en coupe périphérique droite et fraisés. Les quatre procédés ont généré des surfaces ayant des rugosités et des résistances au cisaillement semblables avant et après un vieillissement accéléré. Il en ressortit que le bois d’épinette noire est relativement facile à coller. Seule la pénétration de la colle d’acétate de polyvinyle et la fibrillation des surfaces ont été quand même affectées par les types d’usinage. Dans un second volet, on a optimisé certains paramètres de cinq procédés d’usinage, soit le ponçage, la coupe oblique, le fraisage et les coupes périphériques droite et hélicoïdale en fonction de la qualité de surface et de l’adhésion d’un vernis en phase aqueuse. L’étude des quatre procédés de rabotage avait également pour objectif d’évaluer leur potentiel quant au remplacement du ponçage. Le ponçage fait suivant un programme P100-150-grain, à une vitesse d’avance de 17 m/min a permis d’obtenir une faible rugosité ainsi qu’une mouillabilité et une adhésion élevées suite au traitement de vieillissement accéléré. Le fraisage a induit une rugosité et une mouillabilité supérieures à celles des autres procédés d’usinage. Cependant, la pénétration plus importante du vernis et le plus grand niveau de fibrillation ont réduit l’épaisseur de la couche de vernis sur la surfaces. L’effet protecteur du vernis a donc été réduit durant le vieillissement accéléré, ce qui a diminué son adhésion. De leur côté, la coupe oblique avec un angle oblique de 35°, la coupe hélicoïdale avec une onde d’usinage de 1,43 mm et la coupe périphérique droite avec un angle d’attaque de 10 ou 20° ont généré des surfaces ayant une rugosité et une mouillabilité intermédiaires, mais une adhésion du vernis similaire à celle des échantillons poncés. Ces trois procédés ont donc montré être de bonnes alternatives pour faire face aux aspects nuisibles de l’utilisation du ponçage.
The main objective of this research project was to evaluate the effect of surfacing processes in black spruce wood in relation to surface quality and performance of poly (vynil acetate) glue and water-based coating. First, oblique cutting, peripheral planing, face milling and sanding were used prior to gluing with two-component poly (vinyl acetate) glue. The four machining processes produced surfaces having similar surface roughness and glue line shear strength before and after an accelerated aging treatment. Thus, black spruce wood is relatively easy to glue. Only glue penetration, as well as the level of fibrillation, was affected by the machining processes. In the second part of the project, the objective was to optimize cutting parameters of sanding, oblique cutting, helical planing, peripheral planing and face milling for surface quality and coating performance. In addition, the four planing processes were evaluated in order to evaluate their potential to be used as alternatives to sanding. Sanding with a two-stage program (P100-150-grit) at a feed speed of 17 m/min generated low surface roughness and high wettability and pull-off strength after the accelerated aging treatment. On one hand, face milling induced superior surface roughness and wettability when compared with other studied surfacing processes. These samples were also characterized by the most important coating penetration and level of fibrillation. This contributed to reduce the coating layer protecting the samples during the aging treatment. As a consequence, face-milled samples had a significant lower pull-off strength compared with those prepared by the other four machining processes. On the other hand, oblique cutting with an oblique angle fo 35°, helical planing with a wavelength of 1.43 mm and peripheral planing with a 10 or 20° rake angle all produced surfaces with intermediate surface roughness and wetting properties, but coating performance statistically similar to that of sanded samples. As a result, these three planing processes are to be considered as alternatives to the sanding process.
The main objective of this research project was to evaluate the effect of surfacing processes in black spruce wood in relation to surface quality and performance of poly (vynil acetate) glue and water-based coating. First, oblique cutting, peripheral planing, face milling and sanding were used prior to gluing with two-component poly (vinyl acetate) glue. The four machining processes produced surfaces having similar surface roughness and glue line shear strength before and after an accelerated aging treatment. Thus, black spruce wood is relatively easy to glue. Only glue penetration, as well as the level of fibrillation, was affected by the machining processes. In the second part of the project, the objective was to optimize cutting parameters of sanding, oblique cutting, helical planing, peripheral planing and face milling for surface quality and coating performance. In addition, the four planing processes were evaluated in order to evaluate their potential to be used as alternatives to sanding. Sanding with a two-stage program (P100-150-grit) at a feed speed of 17 m/min generated low surface roughness and high wettability and pull-off strength after the accelerated aging treatment. On one hand, face milling induced superior surface roughness and wettability when compared with other studied surfacing processes. These samples were also characterized by the most important coating penetration and level of fibrillation. This contributed to reduce the coating layer protecting the samples during the aging treatment. As a consequence, face-milled samples had a significant lower pull-off strength compared with those prepared by the other four machining processes. On the other hand, oblique cutting with an oblique angle fo 35°, helical planing with a wavelength of 1.43 mm and peripheral planing with a 10 or 20° rake angle all produced surfaces with intermediate surface roughness and wetting properties, but coating performance statistically similar to that of sanded samples. As a result, these three planing processes are to be considered as alternatives to the sanding process.
Segovia, Abanto Franz. "Comportement mécanique du bois d'érable à sucre en conditions d'humidité relative constantes et variables." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28805/28805.pdf.
Full textSarasin, Gabriel. "Biotechnologie des symbioses racinaires en restauration écologique des écosystèmes dégradés à Madagascar." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28352/28352.pdf.
Full textThis study focused on the south-east part of Madagascar, the Anosy region. This region, as elsewhere in Madagascar, is subject to an alarming ecological degradation which is threatening its abundant biodiversity. QMM, a Rio Tinto subsidiary, started in 2009 an important mining project in this region. The company committed itself to social responsibility activities and environmental rehabilitation of the mined site. Indeed, the mining operations imply the clearcutting of the land and the disturbance of the mycorhizosphere in order to extract the minerals found at a depth of twenty meters. Considering the key role of root symbioses in the establishment of plants, these biotools should integrated parts in enhanced reclamation practices. The aim of the project was to test different symbiotic stains (arbuscular mycorrhiza, Glomus irregulare and indigenous rhizobial bacterias, Bradyrhizobium spp.) on Mimosa latispinosa, a native, pioneer and nitrogen fixing shrub. Glomus irregulare and two Malagasy strains of Bradyrhizobium spp. (STM1415 & STM1447) were inoculated alone or in combination on M. Latispinosa in nursery, located close to the mining site. Four months after inoculation, it appeared that none of the symbiotic strain had a significant effect on the plant growth, even if there was a good colonization. However, the soil sterilization produced a positive effect on the plant growth. G. irregulare and two strains of Bradyrhizobium spp. (STM1413 and STM1415) were also tested on M. latispinosa in glasshouse at the headquarter of the National Center for Environmental Research of Madagascar, located at Antananarivo. These trials showed that G. irregulare inoculated alone was ineffective for the plant growth increment, but that dual inoculation increased growth significantly. Both rhizobial strains tested, STM1413 and STM1415, were effective to stimulate the growth of M. Latispinosa in glasshouse. However, the soil conditions were slightly different in the glasshouse, making it difficult to compare the results with the nursery conditions.
Kirouac, Valérie. "Développement du positionnement relatif temporel GPS en temps réel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27698/27698.pdf.
Full textTime Relative Positioning (TRP) is a GPS observation processing method that has not yet been used to its full potential. This processing method operates under the same principle as conventional relative GPS positioning method but rather than combining simultaneous observations taken from two receivers, it uses observations from a single receiver taken at two different epochs. However, the important time varying errors, notably the satellite clock and ephemerides errors, as well as the ionospheric delays, must be taken into account in an appropriate way. This research is a continuation of two previous TRP research works carried out by the Centre for Research in Geomatics (CRG) by Michaud [2000] and Balard [2003]. The purpose of this present research is to improve the TRP method along with the development of the real-time capability, which has not been previously addressed. The challenge is to use accurate corrections available in real-time. The experimental solution is to incorporate (some of the) GPS•C corrections in the TRP processing method. These corrections are broadcasted by the CDGPS service (Canada-Wide Differential GPS Service). The positive impact of these corrections on the accuracy of TRP solutions has been demonstrated. The research objective is to attain, in real-time, a horizontal position accuracy of 30 centimetres or better for the longest possible time intervals. The test results show that for a period of up to 20 minutes, this accuracy is achievable by using GPS•C corrections with the TRP processing method.
Godbout, Julie. "Phylogéographie du pin gris (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) et du pin tordu (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28302/28302.pdf.
Full textThe contemporary natural ranges of lodgepole (Pinus contorta Dougl. Ex. Loud) and jack pines (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were almost entirely covered by ice sheets at the last glacial maximum, 21 000 years ago. To better understand the impact of this last glacial episode on these North American boreal pines, the analysis of their genetic diversity was conducted using markers from both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). A strong geographical structure of mtDNA genetic diversity was detected for both species. Three glacial lineages, presumably representative of as much genetically distinct refugia, were inferred for jack pine. Concerning the two principal subspecies of lodgepole pine, contorta and latifolia, respectively two and possibly three distinct glacial refugia were proposed. These mtDNA results indicated the significant role of vicariance played by several mountain ranges on both species during the last glaciation. Larges zones of secondary contacts, resulting from the meeting of migration fronts, were also identified: in central Québec for jack pine and in central and northern British Columbia for lodgepole pine. The analysis of the cpDNA diversity of jack pine revealed no geographical structure, a possible consequence of the homogenizing effect of pollen gene flow. Finally, introgression patterns between the two species, which hybridize in western Alberta, were studied using markers from both cytoplasmic genomes. The atypical distribution of mtDNA diversity revealed an early post-glacial expansion of lodgepole pine all the way into central Canada, followed by range displacement by jack pine. Moreover, a significant association between the cpDNA identity of trees and their morphological attributes as well as ecological site characteristics was detected in stands of the hybrid zone, indicating the buffer effect of pollen gene flow from surrounding stands on limiting recent introgression between the two species.
Yaagoubi, Reda. "Élaborer une approche d'assistance à la navigation à inspiration cognitive pour les personnes souffrant d'une incapacité visuelle majeuret : cas du piéton non voyant." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22360.
Full textBlind people encounter many challenges during their daily activities of navigation. In order to develop technological solutions to assist them, it is necessary to elaborate an appropriate research methodology that take into account the specific needs of people suffering from such a disability. This methodology requires multidisciplinary knowledge and the ability to work with teams with widely different backgrounds. First of all, we propose an overview of different approaches of design adopted in rehabilitation and engineering, beginning with the classical engineering approach, then progressing to participatory design, universal design and a novel approach of design that we call ‘cognitive design’. Then, we highlight the potential of this latter approach in providing solutions that meet the expectations and the needs of disabled people. This approach helps to provide blind people with heightened situation awareness during their navigational activities within urban areas. At the beginning, we investigated the nature of the mental representation of space used by blind persons. We then represented this information using image schemata as these capture in a meaningful way the different features that make up the spatial configuration. Next, we elaborated a semantic model of useful geospatial data which will serve to assist the visually impaired in various tasks of navigation and wayfinding. These data must be hierarchically structured in order to guarantee a better communication between the device and blind users. After that, we integrated this semantic model with basic geographic information useful for tracking and navigation activities, using the ISO 19133:2005 data standard developed for Location-based Services. A typical scenario is used to show the contribution and value of adopting the cognitive design approach to develop an assistive tool for blind pedestrians.
Hachey, Marie-Hélène. "Facteurs influençant le nourrissage des oisillons et son observation en forêt boréale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28339/28339.pdf.
Full textEstimating the nesting success of forest birds is essential to understand their population dynamics and their response to forestry practices. Indirect methods based on parental activity allow estimation on a larger scale than traditional nest monitoring. However, a number of factors can influence parental activity and its observation. Here, we studied factors influencing nestling feeding frequency and the probability of observing food transport by parents at Forêt Montmorency, a boreal forest located in southern Québec. Seventeen nests of nine different species were monitored during summer of 2010. Feeding frequency increased with nestling age and decreased with precipitation. Probability of observing food transport decreased throughout the morning and with distance to nest. Frequency of visits to the nest and probability of observing food transport were not influenced by ambient temperature, and were not correlated. Our results indicate that biotic and abiotic factors can influence feeding frequency and observation of food transport. However, the same factors have a different effect on each phenomenon, which suggests a complexity greater than expected in the relationship between feeding frequency and observation of food transport. Keywords : nestling provisioning, food transport, parental activity, nesting success, reproductive success, reproductive index, factors influencing provisioning.
Rochon, Caroline. "Distribution et productivité de deux champignons ectomycorhiziens (Cantharellus cibarius var. roseocanus et Hypomyces lactifluorum/ Russula brevipes) en peuplements de Pin gris de l'Est du Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28370/28370.pdf.
Full textEctomycorrhizal fungi form root symbioses with boreal tree species. Despite their importance in that ecosystem, their requirements in term of habitat remain unknown. Two edible mushrooms, a chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius var. roseocanus Redhead, Norvell & Danell) and the lobster mushroom (Hypomyces lactifluorum (Schwein.) Tul. & C.Tul. / Russula brevipes Peck.) were studied in this thesis. Three experiments were conducted in managed and unmanaged jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stands. This research aimed to characterize the ecological parameters related to the production of sporocarps of these fungi, to determine the impact of a specific forest disturbance on the latter and to specify the importance of jack pine phenology on the pattern of C. cibarius var. roseocanus carpophore production. Results allowed us to link the mushroom distribution (sporocarp presence/absence) and the productivity (fresh sporocarp biomass and sporocarp density) to specific soil, stand, plant and meteorological parameters. Trail management did not increase lobster mushroom carpophore production but maintained it during periods of reduced precipitation. Productivity of this fungus was positively related to the abundance of shade-intolerant plant species and to extractable ammonium concentration, and negatively related to soil pH. C. cibarius var. roseocanus sporocarp productivity was similar for the managed and the unmanaged stands despite the absence of carpophore on trails of the managed stand. The Solidago puberula – Comptonia peregrina– Pinus banksiana association and mosses presence indicated high-quality environments for chanterelle fructification, whereas ericaceous species presence restricted it. Rainfall and air temperature also had an impact on the carpophore productivity. The C. cibarius var. roseocanus fructification peak followed the earlywood–latewood transition within days. Over the growing season the carpophore respiration was in synchrony with the total soil respiration and these respirations were correlated to the soil temperature patterns. Results will enable the prediction of the distribution and the productivity of these species in jack pine stands. This knowledge will contribute to the sustainable development and use of this natural resource.
Talbot, Patricia. "Hybridation naturelle entre les peupliers exotiques et indigènes dans les Prairies canadiennes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28024/28024.pdf.
Full textVlad-Cristea, Mirela Simona. "Revêtements nanocomposites anti-UV pour le bois à usage extérieur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28367/28367.pdf.
Full textThe forest products designated to architectural or exterior decorative applications are often disadvantaged by their limited durability and appearance preservation. High performance exterior wood coatings demand, green technologies and the VOCs environmental legislations push industry to develop waterborne formulations that pose equivalent or superior performance as the solventborne ones. Consequently, the main objective of this project is to improve the exterior wood durability by using waterborne nanocomposite coatings that contain nanosized inorganic UV absorbers. Surface modified ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles against photocatalytic choose to disperse under powder and water-based dispersions into a commercial waterborne acrylic stain formulation for deck from Sico Ltd. Montreal – Akzo Nobel, Canada. The durability of nanocomposite coatings supported by black spruce wood was studied by artificial aging. Nanocomposites coatings degradation was followed by appearance (gloss and color measurements), thickness, glass transition temperature (Tg) and mechanical properties (adhesion, abrasion, hardness and elastic modulus) changes. Photo-oxidation products growth on the degraded surface of aged wood coatings was monitorized by Fourier Transform - Infrared Spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy was used to visualise the aged coatings degraded surface in order to establish their mechanism of degradation under artificial exposure. The nanoparticles dispersion quality in the dry nanocomposites films and also films adherence on the wood substrate were verified by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) and water vapour permeability were employed for a better characterization of the new nanocomposite coatings. In conclusion, an efficient UV protection is directly connected with an homogeneous dispersion of the nanoparticles in nanocomposite coating. Dispersant compatibility that was used to predisperse the nanoparticles and modification type of nanoparticles are crucial in preventing nanoparticles agglomeration in the dry coating. Finally, a series of high performance nanocomposites coatings was selected. The obtained results confirm the advantage of using inorganic nanosized UV absorbers in exterior coatings and consequently various possibilities of nanotechnologies applications are open into reformulating waterborne coating for wood.
Lenz, Patrick. "Breeding for Wood Quality: The Impact of Cambial Age on the Genetics of White Spruce Wood Traits." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27990/27990.pdf.
Full textSt-Aubin, Bruno. "Vers le développement d'un système interactif et collaboratif de réalité augmentée géospatiale pour des applications en design urbain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28265/28265.pdf.
Full textOver the years, the usefulness of geospatial data, in any given field, has been well established and countless innovations in the usage of such data have appeared. However, traditional geomatic tools used for the exploitation of data, despite their remarkable technological evolution in recent years, still contain certain limits concerning 3D visualization, interaction and their collaboration capacity that can limit spatial comprehension by a public of non-expert users. To overcome these limits, augmented reality technologies demonstrate interesting possibilities regarding the interaction and visualization of 3D geospatial data. In spite of the recent technological advances, these types of applications remain poorly explored, especially in geospatial contexts. Consequently, the development of geospatial augmented reality systems remains a laborious and experimental process. Considering this, we propose a study to establish the basis for the development of geospatial interactive and collaborative augmented reality systems. We have chosen to inscribe this study in the urban design and planning context, a domain of application for which the interaction and visualization of space plays a central role. The first part of this study presents the results of our literary and conceptual research, undertaken prior to the development of our prototype. The second part presents the prototype developed following the Unified Process methodology for software development as well as the results of the prototype experimentation step conducted afterwards. This research project completed, it appears obvious to us that augmented reality presents an interesting potential to overcome the limits of traditional geomatic tools. However, the realization of a complete solution would require the intervention of a larger pool of resources that are unavailable in the scope of a master’s project.
Quaquarelli, Marcia. "Changement de couleur du bois de bouleau à papier et d'érable à sucre au cours du séchage en relation avec la lignine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27381/27381.pdf.
Full textPayeur, Mario. "Influence des charges verticales sur les performances latérales des murs de refend en bois à ossature légère." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28074/28074.pdf.
Full textIn light-frame buildings, it is diaphragms and shear walls that transfer the lateral forces to the foundation through shear and hold-down restraint. The use of hold-down anchoring devices limits the overturning and therefore improves the lateral resistance of the system. However, these anchors are rarely used in the traditional light-frame construction and the lateral resistance of such systems is largely unknown. One of the factors limiting the overturning of partially restrained walls is the action of the vertical loads. A study was performed at the Laval University aiming at the determination of the influence of the vertical load applied to a wall on its lateral performance. The experimentation program consisted of 43 static and cyclic racking tests on full-size light-frame walls with and without hold-downs. The walls were 2.44-m tall and 2.44-m and 4.88-m long fully sheathed with OSB panels on one side. Three intensities of the vertical dead load were applied to walls without hold-downs: roof load, one storey load and load needed to prevent any overturning (corresponding to a fully restrained wall). Three 4.88-m long walls with hold-downs were tested under one storey load. Control specimens of each configuration were tested without vertical load according to relevant ASTM standards. Results show that application of vertical loads improves maximum capacity of non-anchored walls regardless the load protocol. A comparison of various methods of calculation of the lateral resistance of walls under combined loads was done using experimental verification. The results show that the CSA-O86 method is conservative for low vertical loads, but seems to overestimate the lateral capacity up to 10% for higher loads. The Källsner method is the most conservative. Overall, the design methods give reasonable estimate of the capacity of non-anchored walls used in practice. The calculation of the wall deflections proposed by CSA-O86 was also verified. This formula seems to overestimate the rigidity of non-anchored walls. To stay conservative, a note should be added to the definition of nail deformation, en, indicating that the load per nail should be the one observed for an anchored wall. This formulation is based on the assumption that all sheathing-to-bottom plate nails reach its ultimate capacity. Finally, it was observed that increasing the vertical load decreases the amount of uplift of the chords and therefore increases the work of the nails along the perimeter of the panel, which allows greater rotation of the panels about the frame.
Mathieu, Jean. "Intégration de données temps-réel issues de capteurs dans un entrepôt de données géo-décisionnel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28019/28019.pdf.
Full textIn the last decade, the use of sensors for measuring various phenomenons has greatly increased. As such, we can now make use of sensors to measure GPS position, temperature and even the heartbeats of a person. Nowadays, the wide diversity of sensor makes them the best tools to gather data. Along with this effervescence, analysis tools have also advanced since the creation of transactional databases, leading to a new category of tools, analysis systems (Business Intelligence (BI)), which respond to the need of the global analysis of the data. Data warehouses and OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing) tools, which belong to this category, enable users to analyze big volumes of data, execute time-based requests and build statistic graphs in a few simple mouse clicks. Although the various types of sensor can surely enrich any analysis, such data requires heavy integration processes to be driven into the data warehouse, centerpiece of any decision-making process. The different data types produced by sensors, sensor models and ways to transfer such data are even today significant obstacles to sensors data streams integration in a geo-decisional data warehouse. Also, actual geo-decisional data warehouses are not initially built to welcome new data on a high frequency. Since the performances of a data warehouse are restricted during an update, new data is usually added weekly, monthly, etc. However, some data warehouses, called Real-Time Data Warehouses (RTDW), are able to be updated several times a day without letting its performance diminish during the process. But this technology is not very common, very costly and in most of cases considered as "beta" versions. Therefore, this research aims to develop an approach allowing to publish and normalize real-time sensors data streams and to integrate it into a classic data warehouse. An optimized update strategy has also been developed so the frequent new data can be added to the analysis without affecting the data warehouse performances.
Diaz, Perdomo Hernan Javier. "Analyse critique d'un processus de cartographie participative en Amazonie Colombienne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27432/27432.pdf.
Full textSaucier, Frédérique. "Développement d'une approche de planification systématique pour l'élaboration de réseaux de conservation représentatifs faits d'aires protégées qui visent la persistance de la biodiversité à long terme : Étude de cas au Moyen Nord du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28328/28328.pdf.
Full textAbstract 1: Design persistent protected areas to form representative conservation networks: solving the dual problem to protect ecosystem functions and biodiversity on the long term —Case study: conservation planning in Quebec’s Moyen Nord Recent developments in conservation planning integrate persistence of biodiversity on the long term with representation objective. To maintain biodiversity on the long-term and keep its dynamic aspect, criteria of size, intactness and connectivity are identified as key components in the design process. Our systematic conservation planning method considers all three features through protected areas known as ecological benchmarks that 1) are big enough to sustain large-scale ecological process such as fire, 2) are highly intact to be used as reference sites and 3) are connected via the hydrological system using catchments as planning units in order to protect freshwaters. Promoting persistence, ecological benchmarks can be assembled to form networks that are in aggregate representative. We developed two automated algorithms to build benchmarks (Builder) and to combine them into potential networks that are ranked from most performing to worst according to their representation (Ranker). The method was tested for the first time in the province of Quebec. Abstract 2: Developing conciliation between mining and protected areas using a decision making system to plan for representative conservation networks Recognizing the economic importance of the mining industry and the ecological importance of safeguarding biodiversity, there is a need to develop better conciliation of these two elements during land-use planning. In this study, we present a decision-making system which allows the comparison of different conservation scenarios according to their capacity to represent biodiversity. The method has been applied in Quebec’s Moyen Nord to analyze scenarios enlarging the existing conservation network until 12 and 17 % of the territory is reached using persistent protected areas known as ecological benchmarks. These scenarios excluded mining activity zones to verify if it is possible to establish a representative protected areas network which maximizes the protection of biodiversity while minimizing the impacts on the mining industry.
Daoust-Hébert, Maxime. "Réhabilitation du concept de l’urbanisme souterrain dans le contexte québécois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28318/28318.pdf.
Full textNicole, Marie-Claude. "Caractérisation moléculaire des MAPKKS et des MAPKS chez le peuplier, Populus Trichocarpa (TORR & GRAY), lors de l'infection par la rouille foliaire, Melampsora.spp." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27366/27366.pdf.
Full textThomas, Vincent. "Modélisation 3D pour la réalité augmentée : une première expérimentation avec un téléphone intelligent." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27904/27904.pdf.
Full textRecently, a new genre of software applications has emerged allowing the general public to browse their immediate environment using their smartphone: Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) applications. The growing popularity of this type of application is triggered by the fast evolution of smartphones. These ergonomic mobile platforms embed several pieces of equipment useful to deploy MAR (i.e. digital camera, GPS receiver, accelerometers, digital compass and now gyroscope). In order to achieve a strong augmentation of the reality in terms of user’s immersion and interactions, a 3D model of the real environment is generally required. The 3D model can be used for three different purposes in these MAR applications: 1) to manage the occlusions between real and virtual objects; 2) to provide accurate camera pose (position/orientation) calculation; 3) to support the augmentation and interactions. However, the availability of such 3D models is limited and therefore preventing MAR application to be used anywhere at anytime. In order to overcome such constraints, this proposed research thesis is aimed at devising a new approach adapted to the specific context of MAR applications and dedicated to the simple and fast production of 3D models. This approach was implemented on the iPhone 3G platform and evaluated according to precision, rapidity, simplicity and efficiency criteria. Results of the evaluation underlined the capacity of the proposed approach to provide, in about 3 minutes, a simple 3D model of a building using smartphone while achieving accuracy of 5 meters and higher.
Grandmont, Jean-Frédéric. "Analyse structurale du système âme-semelles de poutrelles en bois à configuration en I." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28563/28563.pdf.
Full textResearch and development of wood I-joist design has often relied on laboratory testing and on empirical approach. Oriented strand board (OSB) has been used successfully as web material but its behavior within the I-joist needs to better be defined in order to improve wood I-joist design. The overall objective of this study is to develop a model that would simulate the deflection and shear strain of a wood I-joist in bending and to develop a better understanding of the web properties impact on the overall I-joist bending behavior. This was pursued by specifying three specific objectives: • Identify web mechanical properties that should be determined experimentally due to their impact on I-joist deflection and shear strain. • Determine the OSB web mechanical properties, including their variability, required to develop a finite element model of wood I-joist bending behavior. • Determine the impact of OSB physical and mechanical properties variability on I-joists bending behavior. To determine which OSB properties have higher impact on I-joist shear strain and deflection, a sensitivity study was performed with a finite element method (FEM) based model. The OSB mechanical properties were changed in a numerical model from 50% to 200% of the reference value to determine their impact on web shear strain and I-joist deflection. The model was primarily sensitive to in-plane web shear stiffness, which changed I-joist deflection up to 23%. The model was also sensitive to the web tensile modulus of elasticity parallel and perpendicular to joist length. These properties changed I-joist deflection up to 2% and 1%, respectively. The important or sensitive OSB web mechanical properties were determined by a methodology developed to obtain reliable mechanical properties of I-joists OSB web, including variability. OSB panel samples were scanned by X-rays to measure in-plane density variation. Specimens were cut from pre-defined homogeneous density areas in three different orientations (parallel, perpendicular, and diagonal to the strong axis) to measure three basic elastic properties required for an elastic model of I-joists OSB web: modulus of elasticity (MOE) parallel and perpendicular to the panel’s strong axis and shear modulus (G). Given the required small specimen size, shear modulus was determined using a combination of in-plane tensile MOEs, including MOE at 45 degrees. The results showed a strong relationship between OSB density and small-scale mechanical properties: coefficients of determination (R2) varied between 0.57 and 0.79. This provided information on I-joist OSB web mechanical properties as a function of density for input into a numerical model. Properties showed considerable variability in the 600–900 kg/m3 density range, with a 207% increase in tensile modulus of elasticity in the parallel direction, 187% in the perpendicular direction, and 172% at 45°. The mechanics-based OSB shear modulus equation used proved to be reliable. Finally, to determine the impact of OSB mechanical properties variability on I-joists bending behaviour, a series of simulations were performed. The inclusion OSB web heterogeneous properties over wood I-joist behavior in bending was investigated. The shear strain in the web and the I-joist deflection from full scale experimental results were first compared with model output considering homogeneous OSB web. Results showed a good correlation between simulated and full scale experimental bending test results values with deflection differences ranging from 9 to 24%. However, the model overestimated the shear strain. These differences were potentially due to the OSB local variability of density and mechanical properties. Based on a previously established density/properties relationship and on web OSB in-plane density mapping, OSB property heterogeneity was considered in the model. Simulation results including heterogeneous OSB properties (n=100) were then compared with those considering homogeneous properties (n=100). Shear strain distribution was altered in the web and a small (less than 1%) increase in deflection was observed. Based on density measured across the OSB web thickness and on the established density/properties relationship, simulations were performed to evaluate the effect of the vertical density profile on the simulated I-joist. A 1% deflection increase was observed as well as a lateral displacement of the bottom flange.
Morency, Pierre-Olivier. "Le potentiel de valorisation de la biomasse forestière à des fins énergétiques au Québec : état de la situation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28086/28086.pdf.
Full textMigneault, Sébastien. "RECYCLAGE DES RÉSIDUS PAPETIERS POUR LA PRODUCTION DE PANNEAUX DE FIBRES." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28402/28402.pdf.
Full textLiu, Wenhua. "Modelling color changes in wood during conventional drying." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28403/28403.pdf.
Full textWood discoloration during drying is diminishing quality and value of end product, increasing production costs and decreasing yield. Wood discoloration during drying is a complex process which is difficult to predict. The development of a wood color model can save material and time by simulating color changes for any specific drying conditions. A set of six experiments were performed in this study on paper birch and sugar maple sapwood to measure wood color changes during conventional drying at three different levels of dry-bulb temperature (40, 60 and 80˚C) and two levels of wet-bulb depression (4 and 15˚C). Statistical wood color models for lightness L* were proposed for each species, both for the wood surface and through the board thickness, to predict the wood color changes during conventional drying using mixed regression models with the board sample taken as the random effect. Three temperature (3T) (40, 60 and 80˚C) and two temperature (2T) (60 and 80˚C) models were developed. Finally, the statistical wood color models were integrated into an existing heat and mass transfer numerical model (DRYTEK) in order to simulate, for any conventional dynamic wood drying schedule, wood color changes on the surface and through the board thickness. The numerical model parameters (moisture content-water potential relationship, effective water conductivity, convective mass transfer coefficient) were experimentally determined for paper birch and sugar maple at the three drying temperatures. Both types of wood color predictive models were then validated by means of an independent drying run conducted at the dry-bulb temperature of 70°C and the wet-bulb depression of 10oC. The results of the wood color measurement tests show that at the dry-bulb temperatures of 60 and 80˚C, the L* values of both species below the surface decrease rapidly with a decrease of the moisture content (M) from the green state to the fiber saturation point. Then, the L* values decrease slowly until about 15 - 25% M where they may even start to increase. Wood color changes at 40˚C were found very small, either positive or negative. The L* values at the surface also decrease as the moisture content decreases and, except for the temperature of 40oC, the changes in color increase with the drying temperature. In general, the higher is the dry-bulb temperature, the greater is the decrease of the L* values through the board thickness. Conversely, the higher is the wet-bulb depression at a given dry-bulb temperature, the smaller are the color changes. The color components a* and b* follow a similar behavior as L* with respect to drying temperature and wet bulb depression. However, contrarily to the L* values, the a* and b* values increase with a decrease of M. The comparison of the predicted L* values obtained from the statistical models with the experimental L* values obtained from the validation tests shows a very good agreement between both types of results in the case of sugar maple. For paper birch, a fairly large discrepancy is observed during the first part of drying between predicted and experimental results but a better agreement is found at the end of drying. The results of the moisture content-water potential relationship determination show that the water potential increases with temperature at a given moisture content. A characteristic plateau was found in the water potential range of -2,000 and -6,000 J kg-1. As expected, the effective water conductivity increases with moisture content and temperature and it is higher in the radial direction than in the tangential direction. The convective mass transfer coefficient increases with dry-bulb temperature at a given wet-bulb depression, whereas it decreases with an increase of web-bulb depression at a given dry-bulb temperature. Finally, the comparison of the wood color measurements during the validation tests on paper birch and sugar maple with the wood color values simulated with the integrated statistical/numerical models shows a very good agreement between both types of results in the case of sugar maple. As it was observed for the statistical models, the fit was poorer in the case of paper birch, especially above the fiber saturation point where the initial moisture content seems to be an important factor in the color changes behavior of wood during drying.
Nyaminani, Eugénie. "Géomatique humanitaire : les systèmes d'information géographique et la sélection des sites pour l'implantation de camp pour personnes déplacées en temps de conflits." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23096.
Full textVialle, Agathe. "Entre code-barres génétiques et reconnaisance phylogénétique, clarification de la systématique des espèces responsables de la rouille du peuplier (Melampsora spp)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22959.
Full textPoplar rust species, belonging to the genus Melampsora, are considered the most important poplar disease. In case of introduction and/or propagation of these pathogens, species definition and recognition are critical steps in determining rapid and efficient management options. First, this thesis work reviewed 170 years of taxonomical descriptions for Melampsora species identified on poplar. This analysis of peer-reviewed publications showed uncertainties in the Melampsora species concept and difficulties in species and formae speciales recognition using traditional taxonomical criteria. Despite the development of molecular tools, recognition at the species level and evolutionary relationships among poplar Melampsora taxa remain obscure. Thus, 14 mitochondrial genes were evaluated as potential DNA barcodes, a recent popular molecular taxonomic tool proposed to identify species. Assessed in silico, only 3 out of the 14 genes showed all characteristics for an optimal DNA barcode. Moreover, biological validation indicated that no single mitochondrial gene gave a better taxonomic resolution than ribosomal loci, regions already widely used in fungal molecular taxonomy. A molecular approach, applied to Melampsora species identified on poplars from the botanical section Populus, confirms these previous results. A DNA barcode obtained from the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence provided the most accurate results for identifying and resolving taxa among Melampsora populnea, a taxonomical challenging species complex found on white poplars. Moreover, this DNA barcode approach provided evidence for genetic distance between two different species considered as synonymous and highlighted species misidentifications in specimens from Canadian national herbaria. These results confirmed the need for a molecular approach, in complement to previous taxonomical descriptions, to achieve a robust species definition among the poplar rusts. Finally, phylogenetic species boundaries were defined using genealogical concordance of four independent gene regions (ribosomal DNA, mitochondrial DNA, and 2 nuclear coding genes). The phylogenetic relationships revealed a potential co-evolution between Melampsora species and their alternate host (aecial host) and confirmed the importance of this criterion in natural poplar rust species delineation.
Mallé, Kadiatou. "Durabilité de la culture du henné dans la région de Koulikoro, au Mali : cas des communes rurales du Méguétan et de Banamba." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28428/28428.pdf.
Full textHenné (Lawsonia inermis) is cultivated in the area of Koulikoro in Mali. The sale of the plant’s leaves constitutes a source of income for the producers. The use of henné as cosmetic products is widespread in all the country. Despite its economic and social importance for the population, very few studies were carried out on this plant. The purpose of this study was on the one hand to understand the possible obstacles for a future introduction of henné’s plant into the Méguétan commune, and on the other hand to carry out a first assessment of its financial profitability. It arises that henné is a profitable crop and that farmers of Méguétan commune are favorable to its introduction into their production system. But some constraints exist, particularly the lack of outlets for trade and the low price paid to the producers.
Laroche, Geneviève. "L'intégration des savoirs des agriculteurs dans le processus de communication des haies antiérosives au Burundi." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28178/28178.pdf.
Full textIt is well recognized today that farmers’ knowledge must be used in rural development projects to enhance their efficiency, especially in developing countries. The study conducted in Ngozi, Burundi, looked at the influence of four elements of the farmers communication agents system on farmers’ knowledge integration in extension activities of an agroforestry practice. The semi-directed interviews analysis shows that farmers’ knowledge was integrated only when it was consistent with the project’s objectives, enhancing its efficiency and was valued by both farmers and agents. Otherwise, farmer’s knowledge was ignored or rejected by the communication agents. The top-down approach used to conduct the project, as well as the greater perceived value of agents’ knowledge than farmers’ one had a bigger influence on farmers’ knowledge integration than knowledge compatibility and interpersonal relationships. Those two first factors should therefore be considered in order to facilitate farmers’ knowledge integration and make agroforestry projects more suitable and sustainable.
Paradis, Normand. "Relations entre les propriétés mécaniques du bois et les vitesses acoustiques mesurées à trois étapes du processus de transformation du bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27950/27950.pdf.
Full textSavard, Mylène. "Planification stratégique d'un réseau logistique : Cas d'une entreprise forestière au Québec et de ses activités d'approvisionnement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28440/28440.pdf.
Full textLavoie, Sébastien. "Impact des coupes de rétention variable sur l'importance du chablis en forêt boréale québécoise, deux à cinq ans après coupe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28193/28193.pdf.
Full textLlavé, Campos Angela Magali. "Effets de l'angle d'attaque, de l'orientation de coupe et de la profondeur de coupe sur les efforts de coupe et la qualité de surface du bois d'épinette noire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28575/28575.pdf.
Full textSt-Laurent, Samuel Amélie. "Forêt Québec et l'adaptation aux changements climatiques : construction d'un concept par une typologie des discours des acteurs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28179/28179.pdf.
Full textPassarini, Leandro. "Influence de la température et de la teneur en humidité sur les propriétés mécaniques du bois associées au procédé de fragmentation par équarrisseuse-fragmenteuse." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28102/28102.pdf.
Full textNorvez, Olivier. "Impacts de différents scénarios sylvicoles sur la diversité des coléoptères dans la sapinière à bouleau blanc, 20 ans après perturbations." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28543/28543.pdf.
Full textWe compared three silvicultural scenarios implemented 20 years ago after salvage logging of severely damaged balsam fir/white birch stands by the spruce budworm. The study area was located in the réserve faunique des Laurentides and Parc national de La Jacques-Cartier. Overall, 3124 beetles were captured with impact traps, 168 species being saproxylic (dependent of dead wood or moribund trees) and 98 non-saproxylic. Despite the relatively high amounts of down dead wood (46m³/ha) found in managed stands, saproxylic beetle assemblages differed among salvaged and non salvaged stands, even if beetle abundance and richness were similar. Slight differences were observed between the three silvicultural scenarios but 20 years later, salvage logging still appears as the disturbance element that brought the most important changes into the biotope.
Parizeau, Lucie. "Impacts à moyen terme de l'éclaircie précommerciale sur le lièvre et les passereaux nicheurs dans la sapinière à bouleau blanc de l'Est." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28718/28718.pdf.
Full textThis research aims to assess the medium-term effect of the conventional precommercial thinning (PCT) and two mitigation measures on the snowshoe hare, and in complement, on nesting passerines in the balsam fir-white birch of Est. Mitigation measures that are tested are the precommercial thinning with protection of wildlife values and precommercial thinning with protection of refuge strips. Our results demonstrate that 8-9 years after PCT treatment into the study area of Lake Onatchiway, important structural differences remain between sapling stands, with and without precommercial thinning. However, it seems that, after a while, these differences in stand structure influence much less the populations of hare and nesting passerines. The key variables of habitat for the hare, i.e. the softwood cover and food availability in winter, are very similar between different treatments. Moreover, the habitats became sufficiently similar not to perceive differences in the number of species and populations of nesting birds.
Lazarovici, Marion. "Proposition d'une méthodologie pour préparer et analyser des scénarios d'aménagement forestier sur le territoire Cri de Waswanipi." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27901/27901.pdf.
Full textLorente, Miren. "Dynamique spatiale et temporelle des propriétés du sol et de la végétation après perturbation dans la pessière noire à mousses." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27817/27817.pdf.
Full textMorrissette, Nathalie. "Les mycorhizes éricoïdes : un potentiel biotechnologique pour favoriser l'établissement de plants de bleuet sur les sites perturbés par l'exploitation des sables bitumineux en forêt boréale canadienne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28045/28045.pdf.
Full textLavoie, Andréanne. "Perceptions des agriculteurs familiaux du nordeste agreste du Brésil concernant l'adoption de pratiques agroforestières." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27895/27895.pdf.
Full textFrouin, Hermann. "Influence des corridors routiers et des coupes sur les déplacements hivernaux de la Martre d’Amérique en forêt boréale aménagée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28785/28785.pdf.
Full textLarge-scale forestry fills boreal landscapes with roads and clearcuts. In Canada alone, 15,000 km of new forestry roads are built annually, adding to habitat fragmentation caused by the logging of 6 100 km2 of forest annually. Furthermore, vegetation near forestry roads often differs from vegetation elsewhere, and may influence animal foraging and other movements. Gaps in the forest cover may therefore affect species distribution patterns, but underlying mechanisms are unknown most of the time. We asked whether and how American marten (Martes americana) respond to forest edges adjoining roads and clearcuts at the Montmorency Research Forest, a 66-km2 area north of Quebec City, Canada. We followed 84.6 km of marten tracks by snowshoe over 3 winters, and recorded their location with high-resolution GPS receivers. The distribution of marten tracks was independent of distance to road or clearcut edges. However, martens tended to move along edges, apparently because of the higher occurrence of prey (squirrels Tamiasciurus hudsonicus and hares Lepus americanus) near clearcut and road edges. High prey abundance near edges was itself associated to vegetation differences close to edges. I conclude that edge effects on vegetation affected prey distribution, which in turn affected marten movements.
Payeur-Poirier, Jean-Lionel. "Flux de CO₂ d'une chronoséquence d'écosystèmes d'épinette noire de la forêt boréale de l'Est de l'Amérique du Nord." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22091.
Full textForest harvest and subsequent stand development can have major effects on the carbon cycle of boreal stands. Carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes of a three-point black spruce harvest chronosequence located in the boreal forest of eastern North America were measured over a one-year period at the ecosystem scale with the eddy covariance technique and CO2 efflux from soils was measured with a portable infrared gas analyzer. The three sites (pre-harvest, recently-harvested, and juvenile) were 105-, 8- and 33-years old, respectively. On an annual basis, the pre-harvest site (EOBS) was a weak carbon sink (6 ± 4 g C m-2 yr-1), the recently-harvested site (HBS00) a source (-87 ± 3 g C m-2 yr-1) and the juvenile site a moderate to strong sink (143 ± 35 g C m-2 yr-1). Annual gross ecosystem production (GEP) at the pre-harvest site was only 28% greater than at the recently-harvested site (646 ± 6 versus 504 ± 5 g C m-2 yr-1) while GEP at the juvenile site (1107 ± 32 g C m-2 yr-1) was 71% greater than at the pre-harvest site, suggesting significant physiological constraints to photosynthesis at the pre-harvest site. Annual ecosystem respiration (Re) followed the same pattern, but intersite differences were somewhat less (640 ± 8 to 591 ± 6 to 964 ± 50 g C m-2 yr-1). Annual soil respiration (Rs) decreased following harvest from 593 to 500 g C m-2 yr-1 and increased with further stand development to 644 g C m-2 yr-1, although the changes were less than for GEP and Re. Q10 and R10 of Rs for the snow-free period varied between sites, were lowest for the recently-harvested site and appeared to be related to GEP via substrate supply. The annual ratio of Rs to Re was lower for the juvenile site (67%) than for the pre-harvest and recently-harvested sites (93 and 85%, respectively). These results quantify how some of the major physiological processes that influence the carbon cycle of boreal black spruce stands evolve following harvest and should be useful for better incorporating stand-age effects into regional and global scale models. Keywords: boreal forest; CO2 fluxes; harvest; chronosequence; disturbance; soil respiration; eddy covariance
Oba, Meye Hugues Stéphane. "Développement d'une approche de cartographie participative et consensuelle de zones à haute valeur aux fins d'un aménagement écosystémique et intégré d'un territoire forestier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22518.
Full textSt-Hilaire, Greg. "L'enrichissement en épinette blanche à la forêt Montmorency, un traitement sylvicole intensif de restauration écosystémique dans la sapinière à bouleau blanc de l'est." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27740/27740.pdf.
Full textMajor, Mélanie. "L'influence des arbustes fruitiers sur la répartition des oiseaux en sapinière boréale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27714/27714.pdf.
Full textThe post-reproductive period is critical for many forest birds, especially for juveniles who must learn to forage on their own before the fall migration. At this period, many forest birds become mainly frugivores and songbirds of mature boreal forests often shift to early-successional stands. There are at least three explanations for this late-summer habitat shift: (1) songbirds may seek abundant fruit resources or cover against predators, (2) restrict their use of clearcuts to mature-forest edges or (3) use clearcuts mostly for transit between different patches of mature forest via early-seral stands. We tested frugivory, edge and transit hypotheses at the Forêt Montmorency, Quebec during summers 2007 and 2008. We tested the frugivory hypothesis by conducting a fruit removal experiment testing the prediction that bird capture rates in mist nets would be lower in fruit removal plots than in control plots. Additionally, we evaluated the ripening and consumption of available red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa) berries in control plots following each mist-netting session, and we modeled capture rates as a function of fruit shrub abundance at varying spatial scales. We tested edge and transit hypotheses by comparing capture rates in clearcuts near vs. away from adjoining mature forest edges, as well as in mist nets placed parallel vs. perpendicular to forest edges. Sixty-four percent of individuals, representing 15 of the 33 species captured, were seasonal frugivores. In both years of this study, fruit consumption of red elderberry approached 100 % by the end of the sampling periods, suggesting that fruit could be a limiting resource to boreal forest birds. Experimental fruit removal reduced capture rates of frugivores by 45 %, but did not affect capture rates of other species. There was no relationship between bird and fruit abundance beyond a few meters from mist nets. Capture rates were independent of distance from mature forest edges, but they were greater in nets parallel to forest edges than in those perpendicular to edges in the case of species nesting in mature forests. In the boreal forest, fruit shrubs are mainly found in dense, early successional stands. In managed forests, it is within these stands that precommercial thinning (PCT) is applied, a treatment designed to reduce stand density so as to increase diameter growth of residual poles and orient stand species composition. The consequences of PCT on wildlife associated to dense habitat as well as the possible elimination of fruit shrubs in treated stands is a cause for concern. These preoccupations have lead to the experimental application of wildlife-enhanced PCT at the Forêt Montmorency, where the evaluation of competing stems is less severe as in conventional PCT. I examined the impact of wildlife-enhanced PCT (wePCT) on fruit shrub abundance and distribution by conducting a fruit shrub inventory in thinned and control stands, and modeling the abundance of fruit shrubs as a function of treatment and site variables (slope, elevation and aspect). Results indicate that the abundance of fruit shrubs generally seemed higher in thinned stands, but differences were not significant. Fruit shrub abundance was highly variable in young stands and the response to thinning was species specific. Nonetheless, wePCT does not seem to have a negative impact on fruit shrub abundance. I suggest two possible explanations for the maintenance of fruit shrub following wePCT: either fruit shrubs were left uncut during thinning or, when cut, increased light and available nutrients rapidly restored stem abundance by favouring stump sprouting. Finally, fruit shrub distribution was highly aggregated, but was not related to distance to roads or to mature forest edges. However, PCT significantly reduced fruit shrub aggregation. Given the support for frugivory and transit hypotheses, silvicultural treatments should be closely monitored to maintain fruit shrubs in small-scale patchworks of different successional stages. PCT in our study area appeared unharmful to birds, as fruit shrub abundance in PCT sites was similar to that of control stands. However, reduced fruit shrub aggregation could negatively affect foraging efficiency of frugivorous forest birds. Fruit shrub abundance and distribution results cannot be directly extrapolated to conventional PCT, but they provide insight on the fruit shrub dynamics of the boreal forest. Better understanding the effects of PCT and other sylvicultural treatments on fruits shrubs and trees is important, as fruit is possibly a limiting resource for post-breeding birds.