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Academic literature on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2011 M843'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SD 121 UL 2011 M843"
Morency, Pierre-Olivier. "Le potentiel de valorisation de la biomasse forestière à des fins énergétiques au Québec : état de la situation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28086/28086.pdf.
Full textMorrissette, Nathalie. "Les mycorhizes éricoïdes : un potentiel biotechnologique pour favoriser l'établissement de plants de bleuet sur les sites perturbés par l'exploitation des sables bitumineux en forêt boréale canadienne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28045/28045.pdf.
Full textCool, Julie, and Julie Cool. "Optimisation de l'usinage de finition du bois d'épinette noire pour fins d'adhésion." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22507.
Full textLa présente recherche a eu pour but principal d’évaluer l’effet de l’usinage de finition du bois d’épinette noire en fonction de la qualité de surface et la performance d’une colle d’acétate de polyvinyle et d’un revêtement de finition aqueux, deux types de produits typiquemment utilisés dans la fabrication de produits d’apparence à usage intérieur. Dans un premier volet, on a évalué la qualité de surface et la résistance au cisaillement à la ligne de colle d’échantillons poncés, rabotés en coupe oblique et en coupe périphérique droite et fraisés. Les quatre procédés ont généré des surfaces ayant des rugosités et des résistances au cisaillement semblables avant et après un vieillissement accéléré. Il en ressortit que le bois d’épinette noire est relativement facile à coller. Seule la pénétration de la colle d’acétate de polyvinyle et la fibrillation des surfaces ont été quand même affectées par les types d’usinage. Dans un second volet, on a optimisé certains paramètres de cinq procédés d’usinage, soit le ponçage, la coupe oblique, le fraisage et les coupes périphériques droite et hélicoïdale en fonction de la qualité de surface et de l’adhésion d’un vernis en phase aqueuse. L’étude des quatre procédés de rabotage avait également pour objectif d’évaluer leur potentiel quant au remplacement du ponçage. Le ponçage fait suivant un programme P100-150-grain, à une vitesse d’avance de 17 m/min a permis d’obtenir une faible rugosité ainsi qu’une mouillabilité et une adhésion élevées suite au traitement de vieillissement accéléré. Le fraisage a induit une rugosité et une mouillabilité supérieures à celles des autres procédés d’usinage. Cependant, la pénétration plus importante du vernis et le plus grand niveau de fibrillation ont réduit l’épaisseur de la couche de vernis sur la surfaces. L’effet protecteur du vernis a donc été réduit durant le vieillissement accéléré, ce qui a diminué son adhésion. De leur côté, la coupe oblique avec un angle oblique de 35°, la coupe hélicoïdale avec une onde d’usinage de 1,43 mm et la coupe périphérique droite avec un angle d’attaque de 10 ou 20° ont généré des surfaces ayant une rugosité et une mouillabilité intermédiaires, mais une adhésion du vernis similaire à celle des échantillons poncés. Ces trois procédés ont donc montré être de bonnes alternatives pour faire face aux aspects nuisibles de l’utilisation du ponçage.
The main objective of this research project was to evaluate the effect of surfacing processes in black spruce wood in relation to surface quality and performance of poly (vynil acetate) glue and water-based coating. First, oblique cutting, peripheral planing, face milling and sanding were used prior to gluing with two-component poly (vinyl acetate) glue. The four machining processes produced surfaces having similar surface roughness and glue line shear strength before and after an accelerated aging treatment. Thus, black spruce wood is relatively easy to glue. Only glue penetration, as well as the level of fibrillation, was affected by the machining processes. In the second part of the project, the objective was to optimize cutting parameters of sanding, oblique cutting, helical planing, peripheral planing and face milling for surface quality and coating performance. In addition, the four planing processes were evaluated in order to evaluate their potential to be used as alternatives to sanding. Sanding with a two-stage program (P100-150-grit) at a feed speed of 17 m/min generated low surface roughness and high wettability and pull-off strength after the accelerated aging treatment. On one hand, face milling induced superior surface roughness and wettability when compared with other studied surfacing processes. These samples were also characterized by the most important coating penetration and level of fibrillation. This contributed to reduce the coating layer protecting the samples during the aging treatment. As a consequence, face-milled samples had a significant lower pull-off strength compared with those prepared by the other four machining processes. On the other hand, oblique cutting with an oblique angle fo 35°, helical planing with a wavelength of 1.43 mm and peripheral planing with a 10 or 20° rake angle all produced surfaces with intermediate surface roughness and wetting properties, but coating performance statistically similar to that of sanded samples. As a result, these three planing processes are to be considered as alternatives to the sanding process.
The main objective of this research project was to evaluate the effect of surfacing processes in black spruce wood in relation to surface quality and performance of poly (vynil acetate) glue and water-based coating. First, oblique cutting, peripheral planing, face milling and sanding were used prior to gluing with two-component poly (vinyl acetate) glue. The four machining processes produced surfaces having similar surface roughness and glue line shear strength before and after an accelerated aging treatment. Thus, black spruce wood is relatively easy to glue. Only glue penetration, as well as the level of fibrillation, was affected by the machining processes. In the second part of the project, the objective was to optimize cutting parameters of sanding, oblique cutting, helical planing, peripheral planing and face milling for surface quality and coating performance. In addition, the four planing processes were evaluated in order to evaluate their potential to be used as alternatives to sanding. Sanding with a two-stage program (P100-150-grit) at a feed speed of 17 m/min generated low surface roughness and high wettability and pull-off strength after the accelerated aging treatment. On one hand, face milling induced superior surface roughness and wettability when compared with other studied surfacing processes. These samples were also characterized by the most important coating penetration and level of fibrillation. This contributed to reduce the coating layer protecting the samples during the aging treatment. As a consequence, face-milled samples had a significant lower pull-off strength compared with those prepared by the other four machining processes. On the other hand, oblique cutting with an oblique angle fo 35°, helical planing with a wavelength of 1.43 mm and peripheral planing with a 10 or 20° rake angle all produced surfaces with intermediate surface roughness and wetting properties, but coating performance statistically similar to that of sanded samples. As a result, these three planing processes are to be considered as alternatives to the sanding process.
Segovia, Abanto Franz. "Comportement mécanique du bois d'érable à sucre en conditions d'humidité relative constantes et variables." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28805/28805.pdf.
Full textSarasin, Gabriel. "Biotechnologie des symbioses racinaires en restauration écologique des écosystèmes dégradés à Madagascar." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28352/28352.pdf.
Full textThis study focused on the south-east part of Madagascar, the Anosy region. This region, as elsewhere in Madagascar, is subject to an alarming ecological degradation which is threatening its abundant biodiversity. QMM, a Rio Tinto subsidiary, started in 2009 an important mining project in this region. The company committed itself to social responsibility activities and environmental rehabilitation of the mined site. Indeed, the mining operations imply the clearcutting of the land and the disturbance of the mycorhizosphere in order to extract the minerals found at a depth of twenty meters. Considering the key role of root symbioses in the establishment of plants, these biotools should integrated parts in enhanced reclamation practices. The aim of the project was to test different symbiotic stains (arbuscular mycorrhiza, Glomus irregulare and indigenous rhizobial bacterias, Bradyrhizobium spp.) on Mimosa latispinosa, a native, pioneer and nitrogen fixing shrub. Glomus irregulare and two Malagasy strains of Bradyrhizobium spp. (STM1415 & STM1447) were inoculated alone or in combination on M. Latispinosa in nursery, located close to the mining site. Four months after inoculation, it appeared that none of the symbiotic strain had a significant effect on the plant growth, even if there was a good colonization. However, the soil sterilization produced a positive effect on the plant growth. G. irregulare and two strains of Bradyrhizobium spp. (STM1413 and STM1415) were also tested on M. latispinosa in glasshouse at the headquarter of the National Center for Environmental Research of Madagascar, located at Antananarivo. These trials showed that G. irregulare inoculated alone was ineffective for the plant growth increment, but that dual inoculation increased growth significantly. Both rhizobial strains tested, STM1413 and STM1415, were effective to stimulate the growth of M. Latispinosa in glasshouse. However, the soil conditions were slightly different in the glasshouse, making it difficult to compare the results with the nursery conditions.
Kirouac, Valérie. "Développement du positionnement relatif temporel GPS en temps réel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27698/27698.pdf.
Full textTime Relative Positioning (TRP) is a GPS observation processing method that has not yet been used to its full potential. This processing method operates under the same principle as conventional relative GPS positioning method but rather than combining simultaneous observations taken from two receivers, it uses observations from a single receiver taken at two different epochs. However, the important time varying errors, notably the satellite clock and ephemerides errors, as well as the ionospheric delays, must be taken into account in an appropriate way. This research is a continuation of two previous TRP research works carried out by the Centre for Research in Geomatics (CRG) by Michaud [2000] and Balard [2003]. The purpose of this present research is to improve the TRP method along with the development of the real-time capability, which has not been previously addressed. The challenge is to use accurate corrections available in real-time. The experimental solution is to incorporate (some of the) GPS•C corrections in the TRP processing method. These corrections are broadcasted by the CDGPS service (Canada-Wide Differential GPS Service). The positive impact of these corrections on the accuracy of TRP solutions has been demonstrated. The research objective is to attain, in real-time, a horizontal position accuracy of 30 centimetres or better for the longest possible time intervals. The test results show that for a period of up to 20 minutes, this accuracy is achievable by using GPS•C corrections with the TRP processing method.
Godbout, Julie. "Phylogéographie du pin gris (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) et du pin tordu (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28302/28302.pdf.
Full textThe contemporary natural ranges of lodgepole (Pinus contorta Dougl. Ex. Loud) and jack pines (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were almost entirely covered by ice sheets at the last glacial maximum, 21 000 years ago. To better understand the impact of this last glacial episode on these North American boreal pines, the analysis of their genetic diversity was conducted using markers from both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). A strong geographical structure of mtDNA genetic diversity was detected for both species. Three glacial lineages, presumably representative of as much genetically distinct refugia, were inferred for jack pine. Concerning the two principal subspecies of lodgepole pine, contorta and latifolia, respectively two and possibly three distinct glacial refugia were proposed. These mtDNA results indicated the significant role of vicariance played by several mountain ranges on both species during the last glaciation. Larges zones of secondary contacts, resulting from the meeting of migration fronts, were also identified: in central Québec for jack pine and in central and northern British Columbia for lodgepole pine. The analysis of the cpDNA diversity of jack pine revealed no geographical structure, a possible consequence of the homogenizing effect of pollen gene flow. Finally, introgression patterns between the two species, which hybridize in western Alberta, were studied using markers from both cytoplasmic genomes. The atypical distribution of mtDNA diversity revealed an early post-glacial expansion of lodgepole pine all the way into central Canada, followed by range displacement by jack pine. Moreover, a significant association between the cpDNA identity of trees and their morphological attributes as well as ecological site characteristics was detected in stands of the hybrid zone, indicating the buffer effect of pollen gene flow from surrounding stands on limiting recent introgression between the two species.
Yaagoubi, Reda. "Élaborer une approche d'assistance à la navigation à inspiration cognitive pour les personnes souffrant d'une incapacité visuelle majeuret : cas du piéton non voyant." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22360.
Full textBlind people encounter many challenges during their daily activities of navigation. In order to develop technological solutions to assist them, it is necessary to elaborate an appropriate research methodology that take into account the specific needs of people suffering from such a disability. This methodology requires multidisciplinary knowledge and the ability to work with teams with widely different backgrounds. First of all, we propose an overview of different approaches of design adopted in rehabilitation and engineering, beginning with the classical engineering approach, then progressing to participatory design, universal design and a novel approach of design that we call ‘cognitive design’. Then, we highlight the potential of this latter approach in providing solutions that meet the expectations and the needs of disabled people. This approach helps to provide blind people with heightened situation awareness during their navigational activities within urban areas. At the beginning, we investigated the nature of the mental representation of space used by blind persons. We then represented this information using image schemata as these capture in a meaningful way the different features that make up the spatial configuration. Next, we elaborated a semantic model of useful geospatial data which will serve to assist the visually impaired in various tasks of navigation and wayfinding. These data must be hierarchically structured in order to guarantee a better communication between the device and blind users. After that, we integrated this semantic model with basic geographic information useful for tracking and navigation activities, using the ISO 19133:2005 data standard developed for Location-based Services. A typical scenario is used to show the contribution and value of adopting the cognitive design approach to develop an assistive tool for blind pedestrians.
Hachey, Marie-Hélène. "Facteurs influençant le nourrissage des oisillons et son observation en forêt boréale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28339/28339.pdf.
Full textEstimating the nesting success of forest birds is essential to understand their population dynamics and their response to forestry practices. Indirect methods based on parental activity allow estimation on a larger scale than traditional nest monitoring. However, a number of factors can influence parental activity and its observation. Here, we studied factors influencing nestling feeding frequency and the probability of observing food transport by parents at Forêt Montmorency, a boreal forest located in southern Québec. Seventeen nests of nine different species were monitored during summer of 2010. Feeding frequency increased with nestling age and decreased with precipitation. Probability of observing food transport decreased throughout the morning and with distance to nest. Frequency of visits to the nest and probability of observing food transport were not influenced by ambient temperature, and were not correlated. Our results indicate that biotic and abiotic factors can influence feeding frequency and observation of food transport. However, the same factors have a different effect on each phenomenon, which suggests a complexity greater than expected in the relationship between feeding frequency and observation of food transport. Keywords : nestling provisioning, food transport, parental activity, nesting success, reproductive success, reproductive index, factors influencing provisioning.
Rochon, Caroline. "Distribution et productivité de deux champignons ectomycorhiziens (Cantharellus cibarius var. roseocanus et Hypomyces lactifluorum/ Russula brevipes) en peuplements de Pin gris de l'Est du Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28370/28370.pdf.
Full textEctomycorrhizal fungi form root symbioses with boreal tree species. Despite their importance in that ecosystem, their requirements in term of habitat remain unknown. Two edible mushrooms, a chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius var. roseocanus Redhead, Norvell & Danell) and the lobster mushroom (Hypomyces lactifluorum (Schwein.) Tul. & C.Tul. / Russula brevipes Peck.) were studied in this thesis. Three experiments were conducted in managed and unmanaged jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stands. This research aimed to characterize the ecological parameters related to the production of sporocarps of these fungi, to determine the impact of a specific forest disturbance on the latter and to specify the importance of jack pine phenology on the pattern of C. cibarius var. roseocanus carpophore production. Results allowed us to link the mushroom distribution (sporocarp presence/absence) and the productivity (fresh sporocarp biomass and sporocarp density) to specific soil, stand, plant and meteorological parameters. Trail management did not increase lobster mushroom carpophore production but maintained it during periods of reduced precipitation. Productivity of this fungus was positively related to the abundance of shade-intolerant plant species and to extractable ammonium concentration, and negatively related to soil pH. C. cibarius var. roseocanus sporocarp productivity was similar for the managed and the unmanaged stands despite the absence of carpophore on trails of the managed stand. The Solidago puberula – Comptonia peregrina– Pinus banksiana association and mosses presence indicated high-quality environments for chanterelle fructification, whereas ericaceous species presence restricted it. Rainfall and air temperature also had an impact on the carpophore productivity. The C. cibarius var. roseocanus fructification peak followed the earlywood–latewood transition within days. Over the growing season the carpophore respiration was in synchrony with the total soil respiration and these respirations were correlated to the soil temperature patterns. Results will enable the prediction of the distribution and the productivity of these species in jack pine stands. This knowledge will contribute to the sustainable development and use of this natural resource.