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Academic literature on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2012 A419'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SD 121 UL 2012 A419"
Allard-Duchene, Anne. "Changements temporels de l'abondance du lièvre d'Amérique et de l'écureuil roux le long de successions forestières après feu et après coupe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28894/28894.pdf.
Full textBelleville, Benoît. "Soudage de bois feuillus par friction rotationnelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29301/29301.pdf.
Full textGluing is a valid and extensively used alternative to paneling in the furniture industry. However, adhesives, which are generally produced by the petrochemical industry, require curing times (up to 24 h) and multiple handling, which limits the production flow and flexibility required for customized production. Moreover, they are generally derived from non-renewable fossil resources, making the end product expensive from both an ecological and economic standpoint. They also pose a recovery problem, as they are considered a source of contamination in biomass energy methods and wooden waste recycling. Wood welding can shortens the production cycle and reduces dependence on the petrochemical industry. By replacing synthetic resins with the intrinsic lignin binders present in lignocellulosic fibre materials, the depletion of fossil resources could be abated. Wood, which is a renewable, CO2 neutral raw material, can play a key role in sustainable development and have a significant impact on responsible residual waste management. This study examines the suitability of wood welding technology for producing composite panels for furniture applications with two Canadian hardwood species, sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis). The specific objectives of the present study were: to define optimal wood-dowel welding parameters for two North American hardwood species frequently used for indoor appearance products: sugar maple and yellow birch; to produce wood-welded panels made from sugar maple and yellow birch using a specifically designed panelling machine; to assess the flexural properties of the wood-welded panels, considering the required load-bearing capacity for a typical standard panel used for furniture components; to assess the performance of the wood-welded panels at standard moisture conditions and after humidity cycling; to investigate chemical changes occurring at the welding interface; and to determine the gases released during welding under conditions of optimised welding parameters. High-speed rotation-induced mechanical friction wood-dowel welding was performed using a panelling machine specifically designed at the Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec. A comparative analysis of wood-dowel welding parameters was performed. The investigated parameters for both species were grain orientation (tangential or radial), vi rotational speed (1000 rpm, 1500 rpm, and 2500 rpm) and insertion speed (12.5 mm s-1, 16.7 mm s-1, and 25.0 mm s-1) for 36 possible combinations. Ten samples were prepared for a total of 360 wood welded specimens. Optimal welding mechanical properties were determined from the dowel withdrawal strength using a standard tensile strength test. Temperature profile measurements at the interface during rotational wood-dowel welding were also carried out. Results revealed a significant interaction between species, rotational speed, and insertion speed. Sugar maple produced wood joints with higher withdrawal strength than yellow birch. The best results for sugar maple and yellow birch were obtained with a rotational speed of 1000 rpm. A 25 mm s-1 insertion speed produced significantly stronger welded joints in sugar maple than at 12.5 mm s-1. For yellow birch, a 16.7 mm s-1 insertion speed provided the best results. Both species and rotational speed had a significant effect on peak temperature at the interface during welding. Peak welding temperatures with optimal parameters were 244˚C and 282˚C for sugar maple and yellow birch, respectively. This study examined the suitability of wood welding technology for producing composite panels for furniture applications with sugar maple and yellow birch. For each species, twelve 30 mm x 225 mm x 300 mm panels were manufactured using a panelling machine specifically designed for rotational wood-dowel welding with optimized parameters. Six edge-glued panels of the same size were manufactured from each species using a non-structural polyvinyl acetate (PVA) adhesive and tested for comparative purposes. The experimental program included three-point bending at 255-mm span and visual inspection of the panels to assess performance at standard moisture conditions and after an aging cycle with variable relative humidity. Cycling conditions were 20 °C and 80% relative humidity (RH) and 20 °C and 20% RH. Wood-welded panel bending properties were not affected by wood species, with average load at break of 1.79 kN and 1.70 kN for yellow birch and sugar maple, respectively. Fractures consistently occurred in the dowels as splintering tension, and no slippage was observed along the welded interface. No distortion was observed in wood-welded panels following humidity cycling. The cycling did not negatively affect the panel’s bending properties. Edge splitting was observed in both wood-welded and glued panels due to wood vii slat shrinkage in response to dry conditions. The results confirm that wood-dowel welding could be suitable for producing panels from certain North American species. Thermochemical changes during wood-dowel welding were investigated. The original reference wood sample and the welded interface between two bonded wood pieces, a dowel and a substrate, were compared to explain differences in mechanical properties between species. Pyrolysis gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used. The gases emitted during wood welding were determined by Py-GC/MS and gas chromatography coupled with a thermal conductivity detector and a flame ionization detector (GC-TCD/FID). The results of this investigation showed that thermal treatment of birch and maple wood degrades hemicelluloses through acid hydrolysis and dehydration mechanism and affects lignin polymer through depolymerisation reactions. The gas emission results show similar proportions of non-condensable gases for the two studied species. Most of the volatile compounds identified during pyrolysis were non-toxic products derived from degradation of wood polymers. No carbon monoxide was produced during welding, and only traces of hydrogen and carbon dioxide were present. The proportion of detected volatile organic compounds was relatively low and below the lower exposure limits. Hence, wood welding appears to be an ecological technique for assembling furniture components and other applications, and is not harmful for human health.
Lachance, Edith. "Fondements écosystémiques des coupes à rétention de bouquets sur la Côte-Nord." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29644/29644.pdf.
Full textGervais, Renaud. "Towards High-Accuracy Augmented Reality GIS for Architecture and Geo-Engineering." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28989/28989.pdf.
Full textArchitecture and geo-engineering are application domains where professionals need to take critical decisions. These professionals require high-precision tools to assist them in their daily decision taking process. Augmented Reality (AR) shows great potential to allow easier association between the abstract 2D drawings and 3D models representing infrastructure under reviewing and the actual perception of these objects in the reality. The different visualization tools based on AR allow to overlay the virtual models and the reality in the field of view of the user. However, the architecture and geo-engineering context requires high-accuracy and real-time positioning from these AR systems. This is not a trivial task, especially in urban environments or on construction sites where the surroundings may be crowded and highly dynamic. This project investigates the accuracy requirements of mobile AR GIS as well as the main challenges to address when tackling high-accuracy AR based on omnidirectional panoramas.
Bokenge, Aridja. "Mesure et modélisation du taux d'effondrement et de dépérissement de la canopée du peuplier faux-tremble, en Alberta." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29062/29062.pdf.
Full textDieback and collapse of mature stands dominated by trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) have often been observed in North America. Recent studies indicate that drought, insect defoliation, activity of fungal pathogens and climate change are the major factors responsible for these phenomena in Western Canada. They are also observed in Quebec, where we find old aspen stands. The objective of this study is to determine the rates of aspen dieback and collapse in north-eastern Alberta and to determine their variability across the landscape in order to develop predictive statistical models based on stand attributes and climate moisture index. Forest inventory data from approximately 1978 and 1990 were used to produce a large sample of 6837 points (a statistical unit meaning a stand or a part of a stand). A subset of this sample where only pure or nearly pure aspen stands 60 years old or greater and whose height in the first inventory was greater than 6-12m were selected for analysis. The stand attributes height, age, density and the presence or absence of regeneration were compared between the two inventories to find possible successional pathways and identify the phenomena of concern. These stands attributes, along with a climate moisture index, forest cover type and the number of years between inventories, were used as covariates in logistic regression models to predict the aspen collapse and dieback. Our findings confirm the occurrence of aspen dieback and collapse: in a final sample of 1756 points, 171 are classified as having undergone dieback and collapse after 17 years, or approximately 9.73% of our final sample. The annual rate of joint collapse and dieback is 0.59%, while for dieback only it is 0.15%. Age, presence or absence of regeneration and the interaction of climate moisture index and age increase the probability of collapse and dieback. Stand density and climate negatively influence the two phenomena. A landscape level random effect with a variance of 0.83 (showing the importance of random effect influence) versus a residual variance of 0.92 was observed in the mixed models analysis. Stand age and density remain the best predictors of these two phenomena.
Chalifour, Daniel. "Enrichissement en épinette blanche dans la sapinière à bouleau blanc de l'Est : Effets de la préparation de terrain sur la croissance et la survie des plants d'épinette blanche." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28905/28905.pdf.
Full textRiopel, Martin. "Étude de coupes avec protection des petites tiges marchandes (CPPTM) 5 et 10 ans après traitement : probabilités de pertes, distribution de la régénération et probabilités d'insolation hivernale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28709/28709.pdf.
Full textBoyer, Groulx Delphine. "Caractéristiques morpho-physiologiques des familles biparentales d'épinette blanche (Picea glauca (MOENCH) Voss) en réponse aux changements climatiques : cas de l'augmentation de la température et de la concentration en CO₂ et de leur interaction." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23945.
Full textAccording to the A1B emissions scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) 2007 report, atmospheric CO2 concentration will double before 2100 and, in Canada, average temperatures could increase by 4.3 °C. In a growth chamber experiment, we subjected white spruce seedlings from the best performing full-sib families in Québec’s current tree breeding program to a combination of two temperature regimes (present day vs. anticipated future temperatures) and two levels of CO2 (380 vs. 760 ppm) during two growing seasons. The interaction between CO2 and temperature increases had no significant effect on growth characteristics, mineral nutrition, gas exchange and needle characteristics of seedlings at the juvenile stage. Furthermore, the relative performance between 20 families did not change, suggesting that they should maintain their superior performance under predicted future climate conditions.
Bakillah, Mohamed. "Real Time Semantic Interoperability in ad hoc Networks of Geospatial Databases : Disaster Management Context." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29101/29101.pdf.
Full textThe recent technological advances regarding the gathering and the sharing of geospatial data have made available important volume of geospatial data to potential users. Geospatial databases often represent the same geographical features but from different perspectives, and therefore, they are semantically heterogeneous. In order to support geospatial data sharing and collaboration between users of geospatial databases to achieve common goals, semantic heterogeneities must be resolved and users must have a shared understanding of the data being exchanged. That is, semantic interoperability of geospatial data must be achieved. At this time, numerous semantic interoperability approaches exist. However, the recent arrival and growing popularity of ad hoc networks has made the semantic interoperability problem more complex. Ad hoc networks of geospatial databases are network that self-organize for punctual needs and that do not rely on any predetermined structure. “Traditional” semantic interoperability approaches that were designed for two sources or for a limited static number of known sources are not suitable for ad hoc networks, which are dynamic and composed of a large number of autonomous sources. Nevertheless, while a semantic interoperability approach designed for ad hoc network should be scalable, it is essential to consider, when describing semantics of data, the particularities, the different contexts and the thematic, spatial and temporal aspects of geospatial data. In this thesis, a new approach for real time semantic interoperability in ad hoc network of geospatial databases that address the requirements posed by both geospatial databases and ad hoc networks is proposed. The main contributions of this approach for real time semantic interoperability are related to the dynamic collaboration among user agents of different geospatial databases, knowledge representation and extraction, automatic semantic mapping and semantic similarity, and query propagation in ad hoc network based on multi-agent theory. The conceptual framework that sets the foundation of the approach is based on principles of communication between agents in social network. Following the conceptual framework, this thesis proposes a new model for representing coalitions of geospatial databases that aim at supporting the collaboration among user agents of different geospatial databases of the network, in a semantic interoperability context. Based on that model, a new approach for discovering relevant sources and coalitions mining based on network analysis techniques is proposed. Operators for the management of events affecting coalitions are defined to manage real times changes occurring in the ad hoc network. Once coalitions are established, data exchanges inside a coalition or between different coalitions are possible only if the representation of semantics of rich enough, and the semantic reconciliation is achieved between ontologies describing the different geospatial databases. To achieve this goal, in this thesis we have defined a new representation model for concepts, the Multi-View Augmented Concept (MVAC). The role of this model is to enrich concepts of ontologies with their various contexts, the semantics of their spatiotemporal properties, and the dependencies between their features. A method to generate MVAC concept was developed. This method includes a method for the extraction of the different views of a concept that correspond to the different contexts, and an augmentation method based on association rule mining to extract dependencies between features. Then, two complementary models to resolve semantic heterogeneity between MVAC concepts were developed. First, a gradual automated semantic mapping model, the G-MAP, discovers qualitative semantic relations between MVAC concepts using rule-based reasoning engines that integrate new matching criteria. The ability of this model to take as input a rich and complex representation of concepts constitutes the contribution of this model with respect to existing ones. Second, we have developed Sim-Net, a Description Logic- based semantic similarity model adapted to ad hoc networks. The combination of both models supports an optimal interpretation by the user of the meaning of relations between concepts of different geospatial databases, improving semantic interoperability. The last component is a multi-strategy query propagation approach for ad hoc network. Strategies are formalized with the Lightweight Coordination Calculus (LCC), which support interactions between agents based on social norms and constraints in a distributed system, and they represent the different strategies employed to communicate in social networks. An algorithm for the real time adaptation of strategies to changes affecting the network is proposed. The approach was implemented with a prototype using the Java JXTA platform that simulates dynamic interaction between peers and groups of peers. The advantages, the usefulness and the feasibility of the approach were demonstrated with a disaster management scenario. An additional contribution is made in this thesis with the development of the new notion of semantic interoperability quality, and a framework to assess semantic interoperability quality. This framework was used to validate the approach. This new concept of semantic interoperability quality opens many new research perspectives with respect to the quality of data exchanges in network and its impact on decision-making.
Gagné, Louis-Vincent. "Évaluation du potentiel de croissance et de qualité des tiges de bouleau jaune (betula alleghaniensis Britton) dans une forêt dégradée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29182/29182.pdf.
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