Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2012 A419'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 21 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2012 A419.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Allard-Duchene, Anne. "Changements temporels de l'abondance du lièvre d'Amérique et de l'écureuil roux le long de successions forestières après feu et après coupe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28894/28894.pdf.
Full textBelleville, Benoît. "Soudage de bois feuillus par friction rotationnelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29301/29301.pdf.
Full textGluing is a valid and extensively used alternative to paneling in the furniture industry. However, adhesives, which are generally produced by the petrochemical industry, require curing times (up to 24 h) and multiple handling, which limits the production flow and flexibility required for customized production. Moreover, they are generally derived from non-renewable fossil resources, making the end product expensive from both an ecological and economic standpoint. They also pose a recovery problem, as they are considered a source of contamination in biomass energy methods and wooden waste recycling. Wood welding can shortens the production cycle and reduces dependence on the petrochemical industry. By replacing synthetic resins with the intrinsic lignin binders present in lignocellulosic fibre materials, the depletion of fossil resources could be abated. Wood, which is a renewable, CO2 neutral raw material, can play a key role in sustainable development and have a significant impact on responsible residual waste management. This study examines the suitability of wood welding technology for producing composite panels for furniture applications with two Canadian hardwood species, sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis). The specific objectives of the present study were: to define optimal wood-dowel welding parameters for two North American hardwood species frequently used for indoor appearance products: sugar maple and yellow birch; to produce wood-welded panels made from sugar maple and yellow birch using a specifically designed panelling machine; to assess the flexural properties of the wood-welded panels, considering the required load-bearing capacity for a typical standard panel used for furniture components; to assess the performance of the wood-welded panels at standard moisture conditions and after humidity cycling; to investigate chemical changes occurring at the welding interface; and to determine the gases released during welding under conditions of optimised welding parameters. High-speed rotation-induced mechanical friction wood-dowel welding was performed using a panelling machine specifically designed at the Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec. A comparative analysis of wood-dowel welding parameters was performed. The investigated parameters for both species were grain orientation (tangential or radial), vi rotational speed (1000 rpm, 1500 rpm, and 2500 rpm) and insertion speed (12.5 mm s-1, 16.7 mm s-1, and 25.0 mm s-1) for 36 possible combinations. Ten samples were prepared for a total of 360 wood welded specimens. Optimal welding mechanical properties were determined from the dowel withdrawal strength using a standard tensile strength test. Temperature profile measurements at the interface during rotational wood-dowel welding were also carried out. Results revealed a significant interaction between species, rotational speed, and insertion speed. Sugar maple produced wood joints with higher withdrawal strength than yellow birch. The best results for sugar maple and yellow birch were obtained with a rotational speed of 1000 rpm. A 25 mm s-1 insertion speed produced significantly stronger welded joints in sugar maple than at 12.5 mm s-1. For yellow birch, a 16.7 mm s-1 insertion speed provided the best results. Both species and rotational speed had a significant effect on peak temperature at the interface during welding. Peak welding temperatures with optimal parameters were 244˚C and 282˚C for sugar maple and yellow birch, respectively. This study examined the suitability of wood welding technology for producing composite panels for furniture applications with sugar maple and yellow birch. For each species, twelve 30 mm x 225 mm x 300 mm panels were manufactured using a panelling machine specifically designed for rotational wood-dowel welding with optimized parameters. Six edge-glued panels of the same size were manufactured from each species using a non-structural polyvinyl acetate (PVA) adhesive and tested for comparative purposes. The experimental program included three-point bending at 255-mm span and visual inspection of the panels to assess performance at standard moisture conditions and after an aging cycle with variable relative humidity. Cycling conditions were 20 °C and 80% relative humidity (RH) and 20 °C and 20% RH. Wood-welded panel bending properties were not affected by wood species, with average load at break of 1.79 kN and 1.70 kN for yellow birch and sugar maple, respectively. Fractures consistently occurred in the dowels as splintering tension, and no slippage was observed along the welded interface. No distortion was observed in wood-welded panels following humidity cycling. The cycling did not negatively affect the panel’s bending properties. Edge splitting was observed in both wood-welded and glued panels due to wood vii slat shrinkage in response to dry conditions. The results confirm that wood-dowel welding could be suitable for producing panels from certain North American species. Thermochemical changes during wood-dowel welding were investigated. The original reference wood sample and the welded interface between two bonded wood pieces, a dowel and a substrate, were compared to explain differences in mechanical properties between species. Pyrolysis gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used. The gases emitted during wood welding were determined by Py-GC/MS and gas chromatography coupled with a thermal conductivity detector and a flame ionization detector (GC-TCD/FID). The results of this investigation showed that thermal treatment of birch and maple wood degrades hemicelluloses through acid hydrolysis and dehydration mechanism and affects lignin polymer through depolymerisation reactions. The gas emission results show similar proportions of non-condensable gases for the two studied species. Most of the volatile compounds identified during pyrolysis were non-toxic products derived from degradation of wood polymers. No carbon monoxide was produced during welding, and only traces of hydrogen and carbon dioxide were present. The proportion of detected volatile organic compounds was relatively low and below the lower exposure limits. Hence, wood welding appears to be an ecological technique for assembling furniture components and other applications, and is not harmful for human health.
Lachance, Edith. "Fondements écosystémiques des coupes à rétention de bouquets sur la Côte-Nord." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29644/29644.pdf.
Full textGervais, Renaud. "Towards High-Accuracy Augmented Reality GIS for Architecture and Geo-Engineering." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28989/28989.pdf.
Full textArchitecture and geo-engineering are application domains where professionals need to take critical decisions. These professionals require high-precision tools to assist them in their daily decision taking process. Augmented Reality (AR) shows great potential to allow easier association between the abstract 2D drawings and 3D models representing infrastructure under reviewing and the actual perception of these objects in the reality. The different visualization tools based on AR allow to overlay the virtual models and the reality in the field of view of the user. However, the architecture and geo-engineering context requires high-accuracy and real-time positioning from these AR systems. This is not a trivial task, especially in urban environments or on construction sites where the surroundings may be crowded and highly dynamic. This project investigates the accuracy requirements of mobile AR GIS as well as the main challenges to address when tackling high-accuracy AR based on omnidirectional panoramas.
Bokenge, Aridja. "Mesure et modélisation du taux d'effondrement et de dépérissement de la canopée du peuplier faux-tremble, en Alberta." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29062/29062.pdf.
Full textDieback and collapse of mature stands dominated by trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) have often been observed in North America. Recent studies indicate that drought, insect defoliation, activity of fungal pathogens and climate change are the major factors responsible for these phenomena in Western Canada. They are also observed in Quebec, where we find old aspen stands. The objective of this study is to determine the rates of aspen dieback and collapse in north-eastern Alberta and to determine their variability across the landscape in order to develop predictive statistical models based on stand attributes and climate moisture index. Forest inventory data from approximately 1978 and 1990 were used to produce a large sample of 6837 points (a statistical unit meaning a stand or a part of a stand). A subset of this sample where only pure or nearly pure aspen stands 60 years old or greater and whose height in the first inventory was greater than 6-12m were selected for analysis. The stand attributes height, age, density and the presence or absence of regeneration were compared between the two inventories to find possible successional pathways and identify the phenomena of concern. These stands attributes, along with a climate moisture index, forest cover type and the number of years between inventories, were used as covariates in logistic regression models to predict the aspen collapse and dieback. Our findings confirm the occurrence of aspen dieback and collapse: in a final sample of 1756 points, 171 are classified as having undergone dieback and collapse after 17 years, or approximately 9.73% of our final sample. The annual rate of joint collapse and dieback is 0.59%, while for dieback only it is 0.15%. Age, presence or absence of regeneration and the interaction of climate moisture index and age increase the probability of collapse and dieback. Stand density and climate negatively influence the two phenomena. A landscape level random effect with a variance of 0.83 (showing the importance of random effect influence) versus a residual variance of 0.92 was observed in the mixed models analysis. Stand age and density remain the best predictors of these two phenomena.
Chalifour, Daniel. "Enrichissement en épinette blanche dans la sapinière à bouleau blanc de l'Est : Effets de la préparation de terrain sur la croissance et la survie des plants d'épinette blanche." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28905/28905.pdf.
Full textRiopel, Martin. "Étude de coupes avec protection des petites tiges marchandes (CPPTM) 5 et 10 ans après traitement : probabilités de pertes, distribution de la régénération et probabilités d'insolation hivernale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28709/28709.pdf.
Full textBoyer, Groulx Delphine. "Caractéristiques morpho-physiologiques des familles biparentales d'épinette blanche (Picea glauca (MOENCH) Voss) en réponse aux changements climatiques : cas de l'augmentation de la température et de la concentration en CO₂ et de leur interaction." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23945.
Full textAccording to the A1B emissions scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) 2007 report, atmospheric CO2 concentration will double before 2100 and, in Canada, average temperatures could increase by 4.3 °C. In a growth chamber experiment, we subjected white spruce seedlings from the best performing full-sib families in Québec’s current tree breeding program to a combination of two temperature regimes (present day vs. anticipated future temperatures) and two levels of CO2 (380 vs. 760 ppm) during two growing seasons. The interaction between CO2 and temperature increases had no significant effect on growth characteristics, mineral nutrition, gas exchange and needle characteristics of seedlings at the juvenile stage. Furthermore, the relative performance between 20 families did not change, suggesting that they should maintain their superior performance under predicted future climate conditions.
Bakillah, Mohamed. "Real Time Semantic Interoperability in ad hoc Networks of Geospatial Databases : Disaster Management Context." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29101/29101.pdf.
Full textThe recent technological advances regarding the gathering and the sharing of geospatial data have made available important volume of geospatial data to potential users. Geospatial databases often represent the same geographical features but from different perspectives, and therefore, they are semantically heterogeneous. In order to support geospatial data sharing and collaboration between users of geospatial databases to achieve common goals, semantic heterogeneities must be resolved and users must have a shared understanding of the data being exchanged. That is, semantic interoperability of geospatial data must be achieved. At this time, numerous semantic interoperability approaches exist. However, the recent arrival and growing popularity of ad hoc networks has made the semantic interoperability problem more complex. Ad hoc networks of geospatial databases are network that self-organize for punctual needs and that do not rely on any predetermined structure. “Traditional” semantic interoperability approaches that were designed for two sources or for a limited static number of known sources are not suitable for ad hoc networks, which are dynamic and composed of a large number of autonomous sources. Nevertheless, while a semantic interoperability approach designed for ad hoc network should be scalable, it is essential to consider, when describing semantics of data, the particularities, the different contexts and the thematic, spatial and temporal aspects of geospatial data. In this thesis, a new approach for real time semantic interoperability in ad hoc network of geospatial databases that address the requirements posed by both geospatial databases and ad hoc networks is proposed. The main contributions of this approach for real time semantic interoperability are related to the dynamic collaboration among user agents of different geospatial databases, knowledge representation and extraction, automatic semantic mapping and semantic similarity, and query propagation in ad hoc network based on multi-agent theory. The conceptual framework that sets the foundation of the approach is based on principles of communication between agents in social network. Following the conceptual framework, this thesis proposes a new model for representing coalitions of geospatial databases that aim at supporting the collaboration among user agents of different geospatial databases of the network, in a semantic interoperability context. Based on that model, a new approach for discovering relevant sources and coalitions mining based on network analysis techniques is proposed. Operators for the management of events affecting coalitions are defined to manage real times changes occurring in the ad hoc network. Once coalitions are established, data exchanges inside a coalition or between different coalitions are possible only if the representation of semantics of rich enough, and the semantic reconciliation is achieved between ontologies describing the different geospatial databases. To achieve this goal, in this thesis we have defined a new representation model for concepts, the Multi-View Augmented Concept (MVAC). The role of this model is to enrich concepts of ontologies with their various contexts, the semantics of their spatiotemporal properties, and the dependencies between their features. A method to generate MVAC concept was developed. This method includes a method for the extraction of the different views of a concept that correspond to the different contexts, and an augmentation method based on association rule mining to extract dependencies between features. Then, two complementary models to resolve semantic heterogeneity between MVAC concepts were developed. First, a gradual automated semantic mapping model, the G-MAP, discovers qualitative semantic relations between MVAC concepts using rule-based reasoning engines that integrate new matching criteria. The ability of this model to take as input a rich and complex representation of concepts constitutes the contribution of this model with respect to existing ones. Second, we have developed Sim-Net, a Description Logic- based semantic similarity model adapted to ad hoc networks. The combination of both models supports an optimal interpretation by the user of the meaning of relations between concepts of different geospatial databases, improving semantic interoperability. The last component is a multi-strategy query propagation approach for ad hoc network. Strategies are formalized with the Lightweight Coordination Calculus (LCC), which support interactions between agents based on social norms and constraints in a distributed system, and they represent the different strategies employed to communicate in social networks. An algorithm for the real time adaptation of strategies to changes affecting the network is proposed. The approach was implemented with a prototype using the Java JXTA platform that simulates dynamic interaction between peers and groups of peers. The advantages, the usefulness and the feasibility of the approach were demonstrated with a disaster management scenario. An additional contribution is made in this thesis with the development of the new notion of semantic interoperability quality, and a framework to assess semantic interoperability quality. This framework was used to validate the approach. This new concept of semantic interoperability quality opens many new research perspectives with respect to the quality of data exchanges in network and its impact on decision-making.
Gagné, Louis-Vincent. "Évaluation du potentiel de croissance et de qualité des tiges de bouleau jaune (betula alleghaniensis Britton) dans une forêt dégradée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29182/29182.pdf.
Full textSt-Pierre, François. "Caractérisation physico-chimique de bois et d’écorces de Betula alleghaniensis et Acer saccharum de différentes vigueurs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29174/29174.pdf.
Full textForests of South-West Québec, Canada, are rich in yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum). Past forest practices were aiming to harvest the superior quality and higher value logs via selective cuttings, which resulted in a decrease of the general vigor of the trees left standing in the forests. Current regulations require the foresters to harvest preferentially low vigor trees in order to restore the quality of the forests. These low vigor trees, which are often less suitable for value-added products such as flooring or furniture, are also generally of a low economic value. The addition of an ethanolic extraction of the wood and bark tissues to a currently applied processing approach was studied in order to assess its feasibility with trees of different vigor. Wood and bark tissues were collected from vigorous (references) and non-vigorous dying trees (fungus infected or with very poor foliage) and were extracted with ethanol using two different methods: maceration assisted and an ultrasound assisted extraction. The extracts were characterized for their total phenols, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, triterpenes and phytosterols content. Tissues were characterized before and after extraction for their calorific value, organic composition, ash content and ash mineral composition. While much variation was observed between trees, the ethanolic extractions did not affect the combustion properties of the tissues, while bringing a significant contribution in polyphenols, triterpenes and phytosterols - all molecules having potential applications in nutraceutics, pharmaceutics or cosmeceutics - no matter the vigor of the tree at the source of the tissues or the extraction method employed. The ethanolic extraction of wood and bark coming from low vigor yellow birch and sugar maple can be considered as a mean to add value to the resource.
Vaucher, Karyn. "Valorisation des boues papetières et du peuplier hybride dans la fabrication de panneaux de fibres de moyenne densité (MDF)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28426/28426.pdf.
Full textThe wood composites industry has more and more difficulties to find raw materials. The aim of this project is to show that hybrid poplar and paper mill sludge are both sustainable fiber ressources. Thirty medium-density fiberboard panels (MDF) were produced with 12% of ureaformaldehyde resin and various ratios of hybrid poplar fibers and primary paper mill sludge from kraft and thermomechanical processes. According to the ASTM D-1037 standard method, the evaluated properties were modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond strength, thickness swell and linear expansion. Panel density and formaldehyde emission were also measured. The results show that MDF made from hybrid poplar fully satisfies the industrial quality requirements. Panels with 25% of kraft or thermomechanical sludge meet the ANSI A208.2-2002 MDF standard for the highest grade. Overall, kraft sludge give inferior performances than thermomechanical sludge, probably due to their high ash content. For the lowest grade of ANSI A208.2-2002 MDF standard, it is possible to increase the amount of thermomechanical sludge to 75%. Sludge plays a significant role in MDF panel properties, particularly for internal bond strength, linear expansion and formaldehyde emission. In the future, research efforts should demonstrate that formaldehyde-free composites are compatible with paper mill sludge.
Edoh-Alové, Djogbénuyè Akpé. "Conception et développement d'un service Web de contexte spatial dédié aux téléphones intelligents dans le cadre de jeux éducatifs interactifs." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23516.
Full textCurrently, with the rise of ubiquitous computing, one is growing interest in using the user context, for adapting applications and their contents to users’ needs and activities in real time, in different fields (tourism, smart homes, and hospitals). Many projects dealing with the definition and context models and management platforms have emerged. In the GeoEduc3D project, exploiting the context to improve the immersive and interactive aspects of interactive educational games is to be explored. This particular application framework (serious games, augmented reality, smart phones) is completely different and brings the issue of interoperability, which was not really addressed in previous work. Therefore, our work aims to design and implement a solution dedicated to the acquisition and dissemination of spatial context in a multi-players environment on and for smart phones. For this purpose, we first propose a definition and modeling of spatial context. Then we define the architecture of a service-oriented system for managing that information. To test our approach, a Web service prototype was developed according to three main functions: retrieving information from smart phones, storing data in the database and query flexible synchronous or asynchronous data. This research opens the way for the design and development of context-aware serious games applications for any type of smart phone, in a multiplayer environment.
Ventura-Giroux, Célia. "Le potentiel de croissance du pin blanc (Pinus strobus L.) à la limite nordique de son aire de distribution." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28956/28956.pdf.
Full textPlante, Pierre-Manuel. "Distribution racinaire de trois espèces d'arbres implantées en haies brise-vent selon deux types de sol contrastants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29287/29287.pdf.
Full textNormand, Daniel. "Détermination de différences substantielles dans le cadre de l'arrangement en vue de la reconnaissance des qualifications professionnelles entre les géomètres-experts de France et les arpenteurs-géomètres du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29155/29155.pdf.
Full textIn October 2008, France and Quebec signed an Entente en matière de reconnaissance mutuelle des qualifications professionnelles. This agreement has since led to June 2009 signing of the Mutual Recognition Arrangements (MRAs) for occupational qualifications between the Ordre des arpenteurs-géomètres du Québec and the Ordre des géomètres-experts de France. The MRAs provide the opportunity for French land surveyors to practice their profession in Quebec and for Quebec land surveyors, to practice in France. For the French land surveyors who wish to practice in Quebec, the MRAs state that they must complete compensation measures, such as an adaptation period, including complementary training modules. Training modules must hinge around the laws and regulations pertaining to the profession, together with the civil, land, administrative and municipal laws under which the profession operates in Quebec. However, the MRAs do not specify what should be included in training modules. A research was therefore carried out to identify the existing substantial differences between France and Quebec in the field of expertise, demarcation by private agreement or by judicial decision, and the principles governing land delimitation in order to establish what should be included in training modules
Nicole, Marie-Claude. "Caractérisation moléculaire des MAPKKS et des MAPKS chez le peuplier, Populus Trichocarpa (TORR & GRAY), lors de l'infection par la rouille foliaire, Melampsora.spp." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27366/27366.pdf.
Full textBarbuta, Costel. "Lames de plancher d'ingénierie : Développement de substrats en OSB et caractérisation des contraintes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28687/28687.pdf.
Full textEngineered wood flooring (EWF) is a multilayer composite flooring product. The cross layered structure is designed to give EWF good dimensional stability under transient environmental conditions. However, during winter season in North America the indoor relative humidity could dramatically decrease and generate an important cupping deformation. The magnitude of this distortion depends on the physical and mechanical properties of each layer and moisture content changes. Baltic Birch Plywood (BBP [Russian and Finnish]) is widely used as substrate in the high quality EWF products, especially by Canadian manufacturers. The overall objective of this study was to develop an oriented strand board (OSB) as a substitute for the plywood used as a substrate for EWF. The specific objectives of this project were to develop a special OSB formulation to be used as a substrate for EWF; to manufacture and evaluate the EWF prototypes made with this substrate, to compare the prototype properties with those of commonly-used EWF; and to characterize the stresses developed in the substrate until delamination appears. Three-layers oriented strand boards were manufactured from two types of strands: a mixture of 90% aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and 10% paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), and 100% ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.). The OSB panels were fabricated following a factorial design of three resin contents, two vertical density profiles, and three weight ratios of the face and core layers. In order to choose the best combinations of the three factors, tests to determine bending properties, density, internal bond and thickness swelling were performed for each type of panel. Prototypes of EWF were made using five types of substrates: BBP, sheathing grade OSB, web stock OSB and the two prototypes of specialty OSB panels. The tests in conditioning chamber showed that BBP substrate constructions present the lowest distortion between humid and dry conditions. There were no significant differences in the distortion measured for BBP and aspen/birch OSB substrates. However, delaminations were observed in the OSB substrate after the test in conditioning chamber. A finite element model was used in order to characterize stresses developed in the EWF substrate in transient moisture content conditions. The physical and mechanical properties of OSB substrate were experimentally determined in laboratory on the OSB panels with a flat density profile. The finite element (FE) modeling was performed using the FE code MEF++. Good agreement has been found between the numerical and experimental EWF cupping deformation. The high stress regions in the distribution correspond to the delaminations observed on the OSB substrate. The results of this work demonstrate the potential of OSB to be used as substrate in EWF construction.
Fortin, Élise. "Rôle du facteur de transcription MYB14 dans la réponse de défense chez l'épinette blanche." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28731/28731.pdf.
Full textPrunier, Julien. "Étude de l'adaptation au niveau moléculaire chez l'épinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29490/29490.pdf.
Full textLaflamme, Jason. "Comparaisons des paysages forestiers préindustriels (1804 – 1864) et actuels (1982 – 2006) sur la base de la classification écologique dans la vallée de la rivière Gatineau, Québec, Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29362/29362.pdf.
Full text