Academic literature on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2013'

Abstract Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) collected by apheresis of G-CSF-stimulated donors have surpassed bone marrow as the predominant graft source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adults. Among healthy allogeneic donors, demographic characteristics (age, sex, and BMI) and baseline hematologic parameters have been shown to affect HPC mobilization, leading to significant variability in peak levels of CD34 cell egress into the blood and in quantity of CD34 cells harvested by apheresis. Racial differences in G-CSF-mediated HPC mobilization are less well characterized. Benign physiologic neutropenia is common among healthy African Americans (AAs), and may be due to decreased stem cell reserve, fewer G-CSF receptors, or Duffy (null) blood group antigen-mediated decrease in leukocyte trafficking into the circulation. However, preliminary studies have shown relatively robust CD34+ cell mobilization among non-Caucasians given G-CSF (Vasu et al., Blood 2006). We retrospectively analyzed 1,096 consecutive healthy allogeneic related and unrelated first-time donors who self-characterized their race as AA or Caucasian. They underwent G-CSF (filgrastim, Neupogen, Amgen) stimulated HPC collection by leukapheresis from April 1999 to May 2013. G-CSF dose ranged from 10-16 mcg/kg, given daily for 5 days. An unstimulated leukapheresis procedure for lymphocyte collection was performed in the 7 days preceding G-CSF in 336 subjects. Apheresis procedures were performed on the CS-3000 Plus or COBE Spectra device. Baseline lab data included CBC, serologic blood group antigen typing, and Hb electrophoresis in AA donors. CD34+ cell counts were performed on peripheral blood immediately pre-apheresis (2 hours after the 5th dose of G-CSF) and on the apheresis product. Values are given as mean ± SD. All AA (n=215) and Caucasian donors (n=881) with complete data sets were included. Sex ratio was similar among the groups (45 vs 52% male; p=0.09). AAs were younger (39 vs 43 yrs, p=0.001) and had greater weight (86 vs 81 kg, p=0.001) and BMI (30 vs 27; p<0.0001) than Caucasians. G-CSF dose/kg was similar in the 2 groups, but total daily dose of G-CSF was greater in AAs than Caucasians (920 vs 850 mcg, p<0.0001). After adjusting for age, sex, height, weight, and total daily G-CSF dose, peak CD34+ cell mobilization immediately pre-apheresis was higher among AAs than Caucasians (123 ± 87 vs 75 ± 47 cells/uL; p<0.0001) (Figure). When laboratory parameters such as baseline WBC, MNC, and platelet counts were included in the stepwise regression model, AA race remained a significant predictor of higher peak CD34 cell counts. At higher G-CSF doses (16 mcg/kg/d), the difference in mobilization responses between the 2 groups was less apparent (peak CD34 counts 123 vs 93 cells/uL, AA (n=33) vs Caucasian (n=73), p=0.07) than at lower doses (10 mcg/kg/d), where peak CD34 counts were 123 vs 74 cells/uL, AA (n=182) vs Caucasian (n=808), p<0.0001. AAs had lower baseline ANC (3.4 vs 4.0 x 103 cells/uL, p<0.001) than Caucasians, but demonstrated significantly higher peak WBC and MNC counts after G-CSF. In AA donors with known HbS status, presence of sickle cell trait had no effect on CD34 mobilization (peak CD34 counts 123 ± 91 vs 107 ± 72 cells/uL, HbAS (n=41) vs HbAA (n=84), p=0.34). Similarly, in AA donors with known Duffy phenotype, Duffy expression did not affect CD34 mobilization (peak CD34 counts 114 ± 81 vs 134 ± 85 cells/uL, Fya-b- (n=49) vs Fya+ &/Fyb+ (n=20), p=0.4). Lymph-apheresis prior to starting G-CSF was associated with significantly improved CD34+ cell mobilization; however the effect did not differ by race. CD34 apheresis yield was also greater in AAs than Caucasians (51 ± 35 vs 32 ± 21 x 106 cells per liter processed, p <0.0001), consistent with higher pre-apheresis counts. African Americans demonstrated significantly more robust CD34 mobilization responses to G-CSF than Caucasians. The effect was independent of age, BMI, HbS and other variables, and occurred despite physiologically lower neutrophil counts among AAs. A ceiling effect in response to increased doses of G-CSF (>10 mcg/kg) was seen in AAs but not in Caucasians, suggesting that dose titration based on race might be used to optimize HPC yields. Further evaluation of race-associated genetic polymorphisms in relation to G-CSF pharmacokinetics may help improve G-CSF dosing strategies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract Background: MPN-AML, MPN-AP, and DIPSS-plus high risk PMF are associated with a poor response to therapy and shortened survival. Several studies have shown clinical activity of hypomethylating agents (DNA methyltransferase inhibitors) in these situations. We reviewed our database to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients (pts) with MPN-AML, MPN-AP and DIPSS-plus high risk PMF who received decitabine (DAC; a hypomethylating agent) in the course of their treatment at our institution. Methods: Retrospective chart review identified 21 pts with MPN-AML, 13 with MPN-AP and 11 with DIPSS-plus high risk PMF treated with DAC in our center over last 7 years. MPN- AP was defined by 10%-19% blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow (BM). DIPSS-plus is a prognostic model for PMF and can be applied at any point during the disease course (Gagnat et al. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:392-7). Responses in MPN-AML were defined according to published recommendations (Mascarenhas et al. Leuk Res 2012; 36:1500-4). Responses in MPN-AP and DIPSS-plus high risk PMF were defined according to the revised IWG-MRT and ELN consensus report (Tefferi et al. Blood 2013; 122: 1395-8). Results: MPN-AML pts characteristics: median age 64 yrs (range, 45-82); initial MPN: ET 4 (19%), PV 5 (24%), PMF 10 (48%), and MPN unclassified 2 (10%) pts. The median number (no.) of prior therapies for MPN was 1 (range, 0-4). The median time for transformation from MPN to MPN-AML was 93 mo (range, 1.4-292). Thirteen (39%) pts had unfavorable cytogenetics. DAC was given as first-line therapy in 12 (57%) pts, as second-line therapy in 8 (38%), and as third-line in 1 (5%). The median no. of DAC cycles given was 2 (range, 1-15). MPN-AP pts characteristics: median age 63 yrs (range, 50-81); initial MPN: ET 2 pts (15%), PV 5 (39%), and PMF 6 (46%). The median no. of prior therapies for MPN was 2 (range, 0-5). The median time from diagnosis of MPN to DAC was 65 (0-389) mo. The median no. of DAC cycles given was 2 (range 1-37). PMF with DIPSS-plus high risk pts characteristics: median age 67 yrs (range, 55-77). Seven (64%) pts had a JAK2 mutation. The median hemoglobin (Hb) was 9.2 g/dl (range, 7.7-11.7), median WBC was 41.5 K/uL (range, 2-140), median platelet (plt) count was 69 K/uL (range, 9-860) and bone marrow blast percentage (BM BL %) was 2% (range, 0-9). The median number of DIPSS-plus risk factors was 6 (range, 4-8), and median no. of prior therapies was 1 (range, 0-4). The median time to DAC from diagnosis of PMF was 19 (3-195) mo. The median no. of DAC cycles given was 3 (range 1-8). Six (29%) MPN-AML pts responded to DAC: 3 CR, 2 CRi and 1 PR. Two pts who achieved CR, received DAC as second line after falling induction chemotherapy for AML. The median time to response was 2.6 mo (range, 1-13.5). Among non-responders; 10(48%) pts died due to disease progression, 3 (14%) pts died due to sepsis, one is alive with stable disease (SD) on therapy, and one pt died 2 months after bone marrow transplant (BMT). The median response duration (defined as time to next therapy/death/last follow up) was 7 mo (range, 2-24). One patient responding to DAC had BMT after 2 months of maintaining the response. The median OS from the time of post MPN-AML acquisition was 6.9 mo. The OS was 10.5 mo in responders vs 4 mo in non-responders (p= 0.024) (Fig. 1A). Among MPN-AP, 1 pt had clinical improvement (CI) in Hb and plt, and 7 had SD (with improvements in blood count), for overall benefit in 8 (61%) pts. The median benefit duration was 6.5 mo. (1.8-14). Four (31%) pts with SD after improvement in leukocytosis and BM BL % had BMT. The median OS from the time of MPN-AP acquisition was 9.7 mo. The OS in responders was 11.8 mo. vs 4 mo. in non-responders (p=0.28) (Fig.1B). Among non-responders 3 (23%) pts transformed to AML, one pt received next line of therapy and had BMT, one pt died due to disease progression. Nine (82%) pts with DIPSS-plus high risk PMF benefited from DAC: 1 had CI in plt, 1 had CI in spleen, and 7 had SD (with improvements in blood count). Median response duration was 9 mo (1-23). Three (27%) pts had BMT after improvement in leukocytosis and BM BL %. Both pts who did not respond, progressed to AML and died due to infectious complication. The median OS was 36.6 mo: OS in responders was 190 mo vs 4.7 mo in non-responders (p=0.027) (Fig. 1C). Conclusion: DAC is a viable therapeutic option for pts with MPN-AML, MP-AP and high-risk PMF. Prospective clinical studies combining DAC with other clinically active agents are needed to improve overall outcome. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

<p>Konsekuensi utama pemberlakuan kurikulum 2013 untuk jenjang SD/MI diantaranya pada cara mensinergikan pendekatan, model dan standar proses pembelajaran, serta cara menyusun dan melakukan penilaian. Dua komponen utama sistem pembelajaran ini merupakan komponen yang sangat erat kaitannya dengan peningkatan mutu pembelajaran. Pendekatan, model dan standar proses pembelajaran berkaitan dengan jaminan mutu prosesnya, sedangkan komponen penilaian berkaitan dengan akurasi dan validitas pengukuran mutu pembelajaran tersebut. Pendekatan saintifik (5M) yang meliputi keterampilan proses mengamati, menanya, mengumpulkan informasi, mengasosiasi dan mengkomunikasikan perlu disinergikan dengan standar proses eksplorasi, elaborasi, dan konfirmasi (EEK). Kedua keterampilan (5M dan EK) inilah yang menjadi pemandu bagi guru untuk memilih model (dan metode) pembelajaran serta alat penilaian otentik yang sesuai. Dalam rangka membantu para guru untuk mengimplemantasikan kurikulum 2013, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan menyiapkan buku guru dan buku siswa. Namun demikian para guru dapat memodifikasi dan mengembangkan sendiri. Pengembangan instrumen pembelajaran disesuaikan dengan karakteristik para siswa dan lingkungan belajar-nya, sehingga mutu proses dan hasil pembelajaran dapat ditingkatkan. Pengem-bangan mutu pembelajaran seperti ini sekaligus menjadi sarana bagi para guru untuk mengembangkan profesinya secara berkelanjutan. Permasalahannya adalah pemberlakuan kurikulum 2013 berimplikasi pada proses pengembangan keprofesian guru, misalnya bagaimana proses pelaksanaan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang selama ini telah dilakukan. Rambu-rambu pendekatan, model, sistem penilaian, buku guru dan buku siswa dalam kurikukum 2013 mestinya tidak membatasi ruang gerak guru dalam berinovasi. </p>

Abstract Purpose To investigate changes in dural sac area after three different posterior decompression techniques in patients undergoing surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. Summary of background data Decompression of the nerve roots is the main surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis. The aim of this study was to radiologically investigate three commonly used posterior decompression techniques. Methods The present study reports data from one of two multicenter randomized trials included in the NORDSTEN study. In the present trial, involving 437 patients undergoing surgery, we report radiological results after three different midline retaining posterior decompression techniques: unilateral laminotomy with crossover (UL) (n = 146), bilateral laminotomy (BL) (n = 142) and spinous process osteotomy (SPO) (n = 149). MRI was performed before and three months after surgery. The increase in dural sac area and Schizas grade at the most stenotic level was evaluated. Three different predefined surgical indicators of substantial decompression were used: (1) postoperative dural sac area of > 100 mm2, (2) increase in the dural sac area of at least 50% and (3) postoperative Schizas grade A or B. Results No differences between the three surgical groups were found in the mean increase in dural sac area. Mean values were 66.0 (SD 41.5) mm2 in the UL-group, 71.9 (SD 37.1) mm2 in the BL-group and 68.1 (SD 41.0) mm2 in the SPO-group (p = 0.49). No differences in the three predefined surgical outcomes between the three groups were found. Conclusion For patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, the three different surgical techniques provided the same increase in dural sac area. Clinical trial registration The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov reference on November 22th 2013 under the identifier NCT02007083.

Abstract All sickle cell anemia patients (HbSS, SCA) have the same genetic mutation, but the clinical phenotype is highly variable and difficult to predict prior to the onset of complications. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is the only validated predictive indicator of severe SCA currently available, identifying SCA patients age 2 years or older with the greatest stroke risk. Preliminary studies have identified that elevated absolute reticulocyte count (ARC) between 2 and 6 months of age is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for SCA complications, stroke and death.1,2 To determine if early reticulocyte levels in SCA patients are useful in classifying children at highest risk of developing an abnormal (abTCD) or conditional (cdTCD) TCD, 121 consecutive patients with SCA who had TCD screening were identified after IRB review granted a waiver of consent. Retrospective chart review was then performed to collect the steady state ARC between 2 and 6 months of age; patients were excluded if this value was not available in the medical record. Steady state was defined as a sample collected at least 30 days from an acute illness and at least 60 days since the patient received a blood transfusion. ARC and hematologic data were analyzed using Cox regression analysis to determine the relationship between ARC levels and time to cdTCD/abTCD. TCDs were considered normal (nlTCD) if the Time Average Mean Maximum Velocity (TAMMV) in the middle cerebral artery or distal internal carotid artery was <170 cm/sec, cdTCD if TAMMV was 170-199 cm/sec and abTCD if TAMMV was 200 cm/sec or greater. To evaluate the utility of ARC or hemoglobin in risk stratification, patients were divided into groups: ARC less than 200K/uL (ARC<200) and ARC greater than or equal to 200K/uL (ARC≥200), or hemoglobin less than 8.5 g/dL (Hb<8.5) and hemoglobin greater than or equal to 8.5 g/dL (Hb≥8.5). Twenty of the 121 (16.5%) patients had abTCD, while 36/121 (29.8%) had cdTCD; the remaining 65/121 (53.7%) had nlTCDs. Mean ARC between 2 and 6 months of age was highest in those children with abTCDs (264±149 K/uL) and cdTCDs (175±76 K/uL) while those who had nlTCDs had the lowest values (mean ARC 140±100K/uL, p<0.001 across groups). Mean hemoglobin was lower in the abTCD (8.1±1.2 g/dL) and cdTCD groups (8.9±1.1 g/dL) compared to the nlTCD group (9.5±1.5 g/dL, p<0.001). The three groups did not differ in age at time of ARC measurement [mean age in months: 3.6±1.2 (nlTCD) vs. 3.8±1.3 (cdTCD) vs. 3.4±1.0 (abTCD), p=0.86]. Kaplan Meier analysis revealed that those children with higher ARC had an increased rate of cdTCD/abTCD (p<0.001 by the log-rank test). Lower hemoglobin was also associated with an increased rate of cdTCD/abTCD (p=0.002). Cox regression analysis revealed that those subjects with an ARC≥200 between the ages of 2 and 6 months had 2.9 times the risk of having an abTCD or cdTCD than the group with an ARC<200 (HR 2.92, 95% CI 1.68-5.08, p=0.0004). In separate analyses, patients with a hemoglobin less than 8.5 g/dL had 2.4 [95%CI 1.38-4.06 (p=0.002)] times the risk of having an abTCD/cdTCD than patients with a hemoglobin level of 8.5 g/dL or greater. These data suggest that both elevated ARC and low baseline hemoglobin during early infancy are associated with an increased risk of developing a cdTCD or abTCD later in childhood. ARC and hemoglobin at this early age should be prospectively studied as standard screening tests to assist with treatment decisions in young children with SCA. Meier ER, Byrnes C, Lee YT, et al. Increased reticulocytosis during infancy is associated with increased hospitalizations in sickle cell anemia patients during the first three years of life. PLoS One 2013; 8(8):e70794. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070794.Meier ER, Wright EC, Miller JL. Reticulocytosis and anemia are associated with an increased risk of death and stroke in the newborn cohort of the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease. Am J Hematol 2014 May 31; doi: 10.1002/ajh.23777. [Epub ahead of print] Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract Background: Accurate prediction of response to induction chemotherapy and survival is essential for improving care of AML patients. Established prognostic schemes in AML are based on 1) clinical features and 2) pre-treatment karyotype. More recently molecular markers have been shown to be of prognostic importance. Correlation between DNA methylation in leukemic cells and clinical prognosis has been described but is not assessed routinely in clinical practice due to lack of a clinical assay. Here we report the ability of a novel, clinically feasible assay of DNA methylation status to predict clinical outcomes in AML patients. Methods: A novel microsphere-based assay for multiplex evaluation of DNA methylation (xMELP) was used to simultaneously measure methylation status at multiple prognostic loci in banked AML samples. A methylation risk score (M score) was assigned to each sample using a 17-locus random forest classifier developed using an independent cohort. Cytogenetic risk was assigned to each sample using the MRC schema (Grimwade et al. Blood 2010). The primary clinical endpoints were failure to achieve complete remission (CR) within 90 days of induction and death before 2-years (2-year death). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of the M-score as prognostic biomarker. Univariate and multivariate logistic models were used to assess the ability of the M-score to predict 2-year death in combination with co-variates. Results: This study included 101 patients with de novo AML age < 60 years with diagnostic samples available for xMELP analysis who underwent induction therapy at the University of Pennsylvania (2001-2012). The median age was 48 years (range 19-59), the median WBC count at diagnosis was 34.5 K/uL (range .8 -283.5 K/uL; 20% ≥100K/uL), and 55% were male. The majority of patients had intermediate cytogenetic risk (13% favorable, 65% intermediate, 18% unfavorable, 4% unknown). Among the study patients, 25% did not achieve CR and 52% died within 2 years of diagnosis. The mean M-scores for the entire population were 84.6 (SD 30.3) versus 104.9 (SD 29.3) for those who achieved and failed to achieve CR, respectively (p=.004) while the mean M-scores were 77.5 (SD 24.7) versus 100.5 (SD 32.7) for those alive and dead at 2 years, respectively (p=.002). Within the intermediate cytogenetic risk group, results were similar: the mean M-scores were 87.3 (SD 31.8) versus 105.1 (SD 29.6) for those who achieved and failed to achieve CR, respectively (p=.06) and the mean M-scores were 78.9 (SD 25) versus 101.2 (SD 33.9) for those alive and dead at 2 years, respectively (p=.004). The M-score was not associated with sex or WBC at diagnosis, but it differed significantly among the 4 cytogenetic risk groups (ANOVA p=.01) with a higher M-score in less favorable cytogenetic groups. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was .69 for failure to achieve CR (95% CI .58-.80) and .71 (95% CI .61-.81) for 2-year death. For AML patients with intermediate cytogenetic risk, the AUC was .66 (95% CI .52-.80) for failure to achieve CR and .70 (95% CI .57 to .82) for 2-year death. For the cohort overall, the odds ratios for failure to achieve CR and 2-year death were 1.02 (p=.007) and 1.03 (p=.001), respectively, indicating that every 1-point rise in the M-score resulted in a 2% higher chance of not achieving CR and a 3% greater chance of dying by 2 years. We investigated the ability of the M-score to predict 2-year death in combination with other prognostic co-variates. Adding age, diagnostic WBC count, and cytogenetic risk to the prognostic model did not improve prediction of 2-year death. A model incorporating M-score and CR did predict 2-year death better than M-score alone (AUC .80 versus AUC .71, p=.005). Results were similar when restricting analysis to intermediate cytogenetic risk group (AUC .77 versus AUC .70, p=.048). Conclusion: There is a clinical need for predictive biomarkers in AML. Here, we show that a novel method of measuring methylation in AML predicts failure to achieve CR and likelihood of death within 2 years. A model incorporating methylation and remission status was better for prediction of 2-year death than a model with only methylation information. Although validation in additional cohorts is necessary, these results demonstrate the feasibility and benefit of clinical application of a multiplex DNA methylation assay to survival prognostication in AML. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Little data exists on drinking behavior, sweat loss, and exercise intensity across a competitive handball tournament in elite female athletes. Heart rate (HR), fluid balance and sweat electrolyte content were assessed on 17 international players across a 6-day tournament involving 5 games and 2 training sessions played indoors (23 ± 2 °C, 30 ± 2% relative humidity). Active play (effective) mean HR was 155 ± 14 bpm (80 ± 7.5% HRmax) with the majority of time (64%) spent exercising at intensities >80% HRmax. Mean (SD) sweat rates during games were 1.02 ± 0.07 L · h-1 and on 56% of occasions fluid intake matched or exceeded sweat loss. A significant relationship was observed between estimated sweat loss and fluid intake during exercise (r2 = .121, p = .001). Mean sweat sodium concentration was 38 ± 10 mmol · L-1, with significant associations observed between player sweat rates and time spent exercising at intensities >90% HRmax (r2 = .181, p = .001). Fluid and electrolyte loss appear to be work rate dependent in elite female handball players, whom appear well capable of replacing fluids lost within a tournament environment. Due to large between-athlete variations, a targeted approach may be warranted for certain players only.

Abstract Background Erythrocytosis / polycythemia is divided into primary and secondary. Primary polycythemia can be either acquired; i.e. polycythemia vera (PV) due to somatic JAK2 mutation, or congenital due to germ-line DNA changes (erythropoietin (EPO) receptor and VHL mutations in Chuvash polycythemia). These mutations are expressed within erythroid progenitors, drive increased erythropoiesis and are detected by hypersensitive or autonomous EPO BFU-E responses. In contrast, secondary erythrocytosis (SE), such as seen with cardiopulmonary pathologies, is driven by the circulating EPO. Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is characterized by high altitude pathological erythrocytosis and by cognitive and neurological impairments. CMS is found in subjects living in high altitude (2500 meters and higher). In La Paz, Bolivia, (3600m) there is 7% incidence of CMS erythrocytosis. Some human populations (Tibetans, Andean Quechuas and Aymaras, and Ethiopians) are adapted to very high altitudes and their adapted phenotypes and, in some instances, evolutionarily selected haplotypes, have been reported. Whole genome was evaluated in Andeans and two genes, SENP1 and ANP32D were found to be evolutionarily selected and correlated with presence or absence of erythrocytosis. The genes down-regulation in hypoxia had survival benefit in Drosophila ortholog (1).SENP1 desumoylate GATA-1 and other regulatory proteins and is critical for definitive erythropoiesis (2,3). Here we evaluated native Aymara La Paz dwellers with three types of polycythemia: CMS, SE secondary to cardiopulmonary disease, and PV, by clinical studies and by in vitro evaluation of erythroid progenitors, and compared them to non-polycythemic subjects. Patients and Methods Complete blood count was performed by automatic hematologic counter (Micro 60, USA). Serum EPO was measured by Elisa (R&D System, USA) and JAK2V617F mutation analysis by PCR assay. Erythroid progenitors were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and cultured in methylcellulose medium with and without EPO (Stem Cell technologies, Canada) at 370 C and 5 % CO2. BFU-E colonies reading was carried out according to standardized criteria at 7 and 14 days. Results Table. Normal Control(n=10) CMS (n=15) Secondary Erythrocytosis(n=10) PolycythemiaVera (n=5) 1.Gender M/F 10/0 15/0 10/0 3/2 Age (range) 42 (40-47) 48 (29-58) 53 (34-72) 67 (42-74) Hb g/dl (SD) 16.2 (+ 0.9) 20.3 (+ 0.9) 22.8 (+ 1.4) 20.0 (+ 2.5) Ret % (SD) 1.3 (+ 0.1) 2.9 (+ 1.3) 3.6 (+ 1.2) 2.1 (+ 0.3) WBC /ul (SD) 6300 (+ 1600) 7200 (+ 1900) 6600 (+ 1700) 16600 (+ 4800) PLT 103 ul (SD) 273 (+ 80) 229 (+ 58) 193 (+ 54) 604 (+ 177) sEPO mUI/ml (SD) 10.0 (+ 3.9) 10.5 (+ 2.2) 82.9 (+ 30.4) 3.0 (+ 1.2) JAK2 V617F, No. (%) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 100 Apoptosis Normal Delayed Normal Delayed BFU-E: EEC 0 (0-0) 10 (2-25) 0 (0-0) 45 (25-70) References: 1. Yu L et al. J Exp Med., 2010, 207:1183. 2. Sharma D et al. Cell Report, 2013, 3:1640. 3. Zhou D et al. Am J Hum Genet. 2013, 93:452. 4. Kapralova K et al. Blood. 2014,123:391 Conclusions a) Endogenous erythroid colony (EEC) are present in Aymaras with CMS, indicating primary polycythemia. b) Endogenous EECs are higher in PV than in CMS. c) CMS subjects have normal serum EPO levels. d) The role of SENP1, and hypoxia-regulated RUNX1 and NF-E2 (4) that promote erythropoiesis, is being interrogated in native erythroid cells. e) It remains to be determined if the autonomous BFU-E growth is specific for Aymara's CMS or present in CMS individuals of other ethnicities. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

2609 Background: MM-121 is a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor family member ErbB3. ErbB3 has been implicated in driving cancer growth and in the development of resistance to conventional chemotherapies across multiple malignancies. Here we present results of an open-label, Phase 1, multicenter, non-randomized, dose-escalation trial which recently completed enrollment evaluating MM-121 in combination with one of the following chemotherapies: Gemcitabine (Arm A, n=11), carboplatin (Arm B, n=11), pemetrexed (Arm C, n=10), or cabazitaxel (Arm D, n=11). Methods: Patients were treated in a dose escalation “3+3” design to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of MM-121 administered weekly in combination with anticancer therapies in subjects with advanced cancer. Doses were escalated until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was identified or the combination was shown to be tolerable at the highest planned doses. Secondary objectives included: Determining the objective response rate, clinical benefit rate, PK and immunogenicity of MM-121. Data summarized are as of 1/17/2013 from a live database. Results: Overall, 43 patients, [22 (51%) female and 21 (49%) male] have been treated with a median treatment duration of 57 days (range 1-302). The median age was 59 years (range 42-84) and patients had received a median of four prior lines of therapy (range 0-13). Common (>20%) adverse events of any grade and causality across all arms included diarrhea (74%), nausea (54%), fatigue (51%), anemia (44%), vomiting (33%), hypokalemia (30%), decreased appetite (26%), thrombocytopenia (26%), peripheral edema (23%), neutropenia (21%), and constipation (21%). Four DLTs were observed: Two in combination with carboplatin (G4 thrombocytopenia and G3 rash), one with gemcitabine (G4 thrombocytopenia), and one with pemetrexed (G4 hyperuricemia). Overall 38 (88%) patients were evaluable for response and the overall clinical benefit rate (PR or SD >18 weeks), is 32% (12/38). Conclusions: MM-121 can be combined at its recommended single agent dose with standard doses of gemcitabine, pemetrexed, and cabazitaxel and adapted doses of carboplatin. Clinical trial information: NCT01447225.

Abstract Background Sézary syndrome (SS) is a rare malignant T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder derived from mature CD4+ T-helper/inducer cells. Patients (pts) with SS usually manifest with generalized erythroderma, peripheral blood and lymph node involvement and severe pruritus. Current therapy usually consists of extracorporeal photopheresis, interferon alpha, alemtuzumab, histone deactylase inhibitors (HDACi) and monochemotherapy. SS is considered incurable with conventional skin directed or conventional systemic therapy. Reports in literature suggest overall survival (OS) between 2-5 years. Methods Between 2002 and 2015, 50 pts with SS were evaluated and treated at Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC). Patient demographics, disease/treatment characteristics, responses, and outcomes were collected from our CTCL database. We characterized four groups based on immunophenotype, aberrant loss of CD26 and CD7, or both. Responses to treatment were assessed using standard criteria: complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD). Descriptive statistics were used to report baseline characteristics. Chi square and t-test were used for comparison of categorical and continuous variables respectively. Kaplan-Meier graphs were used for estimation of OS from time of diagnosis. Results We identified 50 patients with SS with median follow-up of 52 months. Median age was 70 years. Male to female ratio was 1.6:1. Most pts were Caucasians (88%),). A majority of patients (76%) had advanced stage disease (IVA+IVB). Measurable adenopathy was identified in 35 pts (70%). Median number of Sezary cell count in peripheral blood was 1,747/ul. Extracorporeal Photopheresis (ECP) was used in 43 pts (86%). Overall response rate (ORR) after 6 months of therapy was the following: CR 3(6%), PR 9 (18%), SD 7 (14%), PD 24 (48%). The only agents with activity achieving were interferon (ORR 6%, CR 2%), alemtuzumab (ORR 8%, CR6%), MTX (ORR 6%, CR 2%), and bexarotene (ORR10%, CR 2%), Responses to HDAC inhibitors were: romidepsin (ORR 6%, all PR) and vorinostat (ORR 4%, CR 2%). Median OS was 96 months (95% CI 70-121). Based on aberrant immunophenotype patterns, pts were stratified into 4 groups: 1) CD4+CD7+CD26- 26% (13), 2) CD4 + CD 7- CD26+ in 12% (6), 3) CD4+ CD7- CD26- in 34% (17) and 4) CD4+ CD7+ CD26+ in 24% (12). The median OS for CD4+ CD 7- CD26- was 84 months versus not reached (NR) for other groups. This difference was statistically significant when groups 3 and 2 (p <0.05), and groups 3 and 4 (p< 0.02) were compared. However, there was only a trend observed when groups 3 and 2 were compared (p=0.3). The median OS was 86 month if absolute Sezary cell count was >1700/ul compared to 96 mo if < 1700/ul (P< 0.4). Conclusions Pts with SS in this study showed an improved survival compared to historical studies. Advent of ECP, novel targeted agents such as HDACi inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, earlier diagnosis, and better supportive care have most probably contributed to this phenomenon; except ECP, CR rates were very rare. A majority of the pts require multimodality induction therapy followed by maintenance therapy. Pts with Sezary cell immunophenotype characterized by aberrant loss of both CD26 and CD7 antigens had worse outcome. There was also a tendency for worse OS in pts with higher circulating absolute Sezary cell count. Disclosures Komrokji: Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Incyte: Consultancy; Novartis: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pharmacylics: Speakers Bureau. Sokol:Seatle Genetics: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy; Spectrum: Consultancy.

Cette étude vise à décrire l’état naturel des communautés de huit familles de coléoptères saproxyliques, reconnues pour être associées aux brûlis, à partir d’un échantillonnage fait au niveau des souches et à l’intérieur de peuplements commerciaux d’épinettes noires (Picea mariana (Mill)) résiduels à la coupe de récupération (état naturel) provenant de brûlis de 1995, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 et 2010. L’étude vise également à comparer ces communautés à celles retrouvées dans des peuplements d’épinettes noires récupérés et répartis dans les brûlis de 1995, 2003, 2005 et 2007. Les coléoptères ont été inventoriés durant l’été 2010 et plus de 6 000 spécimens répartis dans les huit familles étudiées ont été capturés. À l’état naturel, quatre phases de colonisation se sont succédées pendant les cinq premières années après feu. Les assemblages des communautés de coléoptères saproxyliques sont quant à eux altérés par la récupération et ce, pour une période d’au moins sept ans.
Cette étude vise à décrire l’état naturel des communautés de huit familles de coléoptères saproxyliques, reconnues pour être associées aux brûlis, à partir d’un échantillonnage fait au niveau des souches et à l’intérieur de peuplements commerciaux d’épinettes noires (Picea mariana (Mill)) résiduels à la coupe de récupération (état naturel) provenant de brûlis de 1995, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 et 2010. L’étude vise également à comparer ces communautés à celles retrouvées dans des peuplements d’épinettes noires récupérés et répartis dans les brûlis de 1995, 2003, 2005 et 2007. Les coléoptères ont été inventoriés durant l’été 2010 et plus de 6 000 spécimens répartis dans les huit familles étudiées ont été capturés. À l’état naturel, quatre phases de colonisation se sont succédées pendant les cinq premières années après feu. Les assemblages des communautés de coléoptères saproxyliques sont quant à eux altérés par la récupération et ce, pour une période d’au moins sept ans.
This study aims to describe the natural state of communities of eight saproxylic beetle families known to be associated with burned forest from a sample done at stump level and in commercial black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill)) stands residual to salvage logging (natural state) from burns of 1995, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2010. The study also aims to compare these communities to those found in salvaged black spruce stands distributed in burns of 1995, 2003, 2005 and 2007. Beetles were sampled during summer 2010 and over 6 000 specimens among the eight studied families were captured. In its natural state, four colonization phases have succeeded along the first five postfire years. Saproxylic beetle assemblages were affected by salvage logging for a period of seven years.
This study aims to describe the natural state of communities of eight saproxylic beetle families known to be associated with burned forest from a sample done at stump level and in commercial black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill)) stands residual to salvage logging (natural state) from burns of 1995, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2010. The study also aims to compare these communities to those found in salvaged black spruce stands distributed in burns of 1995, 2003, 2005 and 2007. Beetles were sampled during summer 2010 and over 6 000 specimens among the eight studied families were captured. In its natural state, four colonization phases have succeeded along the first five postfire years. Saproxylic beetle assemblages were affected by salvage logging for a period of seven years.

À l’heure actuelle, la gestion des fertilisants dans les productions agricoles est un sujet auquel les producteurs et les gestionnaires accordent beaucoup d’attention. La sur-utilisation des fertilisants engendre des coûts environnementaux et financiers importants qui ont récemment mené à une législation, aussi fédérale que provinciale, dans ce domaine. Pour en arriver à l’utilisation optimale des fertilisants azotés, ce sont les carences des végétaux qui doivent être évaluées correctement. Ce projet de recherche vise à évaluer le potentiel de détection des carences nutritives en azote chez la pomme de terre par la télédétection spectrale infrarouge. Pour atteindre notre objectif, nous avons effectué une campagne de mesure en serre où le plan expérimental était sous forme de mesures répétées. Quatre niveaux de carences nutritives en azote ont été induits chez des plants de pomme de terre. Le stress causé par la carence nutritive chez les plants a été mesuré selon des techniques agronomiques et des techniques de télédétection, incluant la spectroscopie infrarouge. Une fois le potentiel de détection des carences évalué pour chaque technique, c’est la comparaison entres elles qui permet de déterminer lesquelles mèneront à la discrimination la plus hâtive dans la saison de croissance. Une combinaison optimale d’indice est identifiée et sa capacité de discrimination est quantifiée par une analyse discriminante. La recherche conclut à une amélioration notable du potentiel de discrimination du stress causé par une carence nutritive en azote en combinant 3 indices de télédétection spectrale.
At the present time, the management of fertilizers in the agricultural productions is a subject on which producers and administrators grant much attention. The overuse of fertilizers generates important environmental and financial costs which recently lead to both federal and provincial legislations in this field. To gain optimal use of nitrogenized fertilizers, one must evaluate correctly the plant‘s deficiencies. This research project aims at evaluating the potential of detection of the nutritive nitrogen deficiency on potato plants by the use of infra-red spectral remote sensing. To achieve our goal, we performed repeated measurements in a greenhouse experimental setup. Four levels of nitrogen deficiencies were induced on potato plants. The stress caused by the nutritive deficiency was measured according to agronomic techniques and remote sensing techniques, including the infra-red spectroscopy. Once the potential of detection evaluated for each technique, the comparison among them made it possible to determine which technique(s) allowed the hastiest discrimination during the growing season. An optimal combination of index has been identified. Its capacity of discrimination between levels of nitrogen deficiency has been quantified by a discriminant analysis. Research concludes with a notable improvement of discrimination potential by combining three remote sensing index.

Thèse en cotutelle: Université Laval Québec, Canada et Université Blaise-Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Les systèmes Spatial On-Line Analytical Processing (SOLAP) permettent de prendre en charge l’analyse multidimensionnelle en ligne d’un très grand volume de données ayant une référence spatiale. Dans ces systèmes, le vague spatial n’est généralement pas pris en compte, ce qui peut être source d’erreurs dans les analyses et les interprétations des cubes de données SOLAP, effectuées par les utilisateurs finaux. Bien qu’il existe des modèles d’objets ad-hoc pour gérer le vague spatial, l’implantation de ces modèles dans les systèmes SOLAP est encore à l’état embryonnaire. En outre, l’introduction de tels modèles dans les systèmes SOLAP accroit la complexité de l’analyse au détriment de l’utilisabilité dans bon nombre de contextes applicatifs. Dans cette thèse nous nous proposons d’investiguer la piste d’une nouvelle approche visant un compromis approprié entre l’exactitude théorique de la réponse au vague spatial, la facilité d’implantation dans les systèmes SOLAP existants et l’utilisabilité des cubes de données fournis aux utilisateurs finaux. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont donc de jeter les bases d’une approche de conception de cube SOLAP où la gestion du vague est remplacée par la gestion des risques de mauvaises interprétations induits, d’en définir les principes d’une implantation pratique et d’en démontrer les avantages. En résultats aux travaux menés, une approche de conception de cubes SOLAP où le risque de mauvaise interprétation est considéré et géré de manière itérative et en adéquation avec les sensibilités des utilisateurs finaux quant aux risques potentiels identifiés a été proposée; des outils formels à savoir un profil UML adapté, des fonctions de modification de schémas multidimensionnels pour construire les cubes souhaités, et un processus formel guidant de telles transformations de schémas ont été présentés; la vérification de la faisabilité de notre approche dans un cadre purement informatique avec la mise en œuvre de l’approche dans un outil CASE (Computed Aided Software Engineering) a aussi été présentée. Pour finir, nous avons pu valider le fait que l’approche fournisse non seulement des cubes aussi compréhensibles et donc utilisables que les cubes classiques, mais aussi des cubes où le vague n’est plus laissé de côté, sans aucun effort pour atténuer ses impacts sur les analyses et les prises de décision des utilisateurs finaux.
SOLAP (Spatial On-Line Analytical Processing) systems support the online multi-dimensional analysis of a very large volume of data with a spatial reference. In these systems, the spatial vagueness is usually not taken into account, which can lead to errors in the SOLAP datacubes analyzes and interpretations end-users make. Although there are ad-hoc models of vague objects to manage the spatial vagueness, the implementation of these models in SOLAP systems is still in an embryonal state. In addition, the introduction of such models in SOLAP systems increases the complexity of the analysis at the expense of usability in many application contexts. In this thesis we propose to investigate the trail of a new approach that makes an appropriate compromise between the theoretical accuracy of the response to the spatial vagueness, the ease of implementation in existing SOLAP systems and the usability of datacubes provided to end users. The objectives of this thesis are to lay the foundations of a SOLAP datacube design approach where spatial vagueness management in itself is replaced by the management of risks of misinterpretations induced by the vagueness, to define the principles of a practical implementation of the approach and to demonstrate its benefits. The results of this thesis consist of a SOLAP datacube design approach where the risks of misinterpretation are considered and managed in an iterative manner and in line with the end users tolerance levels regarding those risks; formal tools namely a suitable UML (Unified Modeling Language) profile, multidimensional schemas transformation functions to help tailored the datacubes to end-users tolerance levels, and a formal process guiding such schemas transformation; verifying the feasibility of our approach in a computing context with the implementation of the approach in a CASE (Computed Aided Software Engineering) tool. Finally, we were able to validate that the approach provides SOLAP datacubes that are not only as comprehensible and thus usable as conventional datacubes but also datacubes where the spatial vagueness is not left out, with no effort to mitigate its impacts on analysis and decision making for end users.

Afin d’obtenir un positionnement GPS de précision centimétrique, il est important de bien modéliser les erreurs telles que les délais ionosphérique et troposphérique ainsi que les erreurs d’horloge et d’éphémérides. Pour une solution de précision centimétrique utilisant des mesures de phase, il est également important d’être en mesure de détecter et de corriger les sauts de cycle, car ceux-ci introduisent des biais artificiels dans la solution, qui peuvent entraîner des erreurs dans l’estimation des coordonnées. Les sauts de cycle sont causés par la perte de réception des signaux occasionnée par des obstructions entre les satellites et l’antenne. Que ce soit pour un positionnement temporel relatif GPS qui n’utilise qu’un seul récepteur (aucune station de référence) ou en mode relatif conventionnel ou le PPP (Precise Point Positioning), les sauts de cycle obligent l’utilisateur à recommencer la période d’initialisation lorsqu’il reste moins de 4 satellites non obstrués. Le but de ce projet est d’évaluer l’apport d’une méthode pour détecter et corriger les sauts de cycle dans une solution GPS mono-fréquence en utilisant des mesures complémentaires provenant d’un gyro-accéléromètre. Le modèle utilisé lors des tests est le AHRS400CC-100 de la compagnie CrossBow. Avec cette méthode, il est possible de comparer, pour chaque satellite, la différence d’ ambigüités, calculée à partir des observations GPS et celle prédite à partir de la position calculée avec les mesures du gyro-accéléromètre. Dans le cadre de ce projet, plusieurs étapes ont dû être réalisées. La première étape était de valider la précision des observations du AHRS400CC-100, puis de quantifier pour chacun de ses capteurs, la marche aléatoire et l’instabilité du biais. Ensuite, d’exploiter les mesures du gyro-accéléromètre afin de calculer une solution de navigation, et d’identifier les limites de précision de l’instrument en mode statique et cinématique. La dernière étape était de combiner la solution de navigation du gyro-accéléromètre à celle du GPS pour évaluer pendant combien de temps le gyro-accéléromètre maintient un positionnement avec suffisamment de précision pour détecter et corriger un saut de cycle. Les résultats ont démontré que des sauts de cycle pourraient être détectés et corrigés instantanément après une coupure du signal GPS d’une durée de 10 secondes pour un positionnement statique et pouvant atteindre 5 secondes en mode cinématique dans des conditions idéales sinon 1 à 2 secondes. Pour augmenter l’efficacité de l’application de détection et de correction de sauts de cycle, l’implémentation d’un filtre de Kalman pour effectuer la fusion des observations GPS et du gyro-accéléromètre pourrait être réalisée dans le cadre de travaux futurs.
In order to achieve centimetre precision using GPS, one must use the carrier phase measurements. It is also important to minimise the impact of the many errors that affect GPS measurements: ionosphere and tropospheric delays, orbit and clocks errors. Another essential part of a precise GPS measurement, is the detection and correction of cycle slips. These slips, caused by the interruption of the GPS signal, introduce artificial biases in the measurement that result in erroneous coordinate estimates. For different GPS solution such as Real Time Kinematic (RTK), Time Relative positioning (TRP) or Precise Point positioning (PPP), to correct cycle slips, the user must restart the initialisation process. In this research, a method to detect and correct cycle slip in monofrequence GPS solution is explored. This methode uses inertial data provided by an attitude and heading reference system (AHRS). The model that is used here is Crossbow’s AHRS400CC-100. With this method, it is possible to compare, for each observed satellite, the ambiguity difference between the ambiguity values calculated from GPS observations and those predicted by the navigation solution calculated from the AHRS observations. It is effective to integrate AHRS to GPS. An AHRS can potentially be used for cycle slip detection and fixing. Using the AHRS measurements, one can achieve centimetre level precision for short periods of time. This method of positioning can be used during GPS signal loss to maintain the navigation solution. Once the GPS signal is retrieved, it is possible to compare the ambiguity difference between satellite line of view vector of each satellite calculated using GPS observations and satellite line of view vector calculated from the last AHRS position GPS observations. For this research project, the initial task was to validate the precision of the AHRS400CC-100 observations, and to quantify random walk error and bias instability for each of the instruments sensors using static data sets. The next task was to use the AHRS measurements to calculate a navigation solution and to identify the instruments limitations of position precision using static and kinematic data. The last task was to combine AHRS and GPS observations, to obtain an integrated navigation solution. Once the solution implemented, simulated data gaps were added to the data set in order to evaluate the maximum duration of GPS data loss after which it is possible to detect and correct GPS cycle slips using the autonomous AHRS navigation solution. According to the results of the experiments using the method proposed in this paper, AHRS positioning appears to maintain adequate precision for cycle slip detection and fixing for up to 10 seconds for static positioning and up to 5 seconds for kinematic positioning in ideal conditions.

Cette étude avait pour but d’inventorier la flore fongique associée aux symptômes observés sur les organes de Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Heckel au Cameroun dans une perspective d’agroforesterie. De manière spécifique, il s’est agi de : 1) dégager les atouts et les contraintes agroforestières de R. heudelotii au Cameroun en identifiant des thématiques de recherche à venir pour cette essence; 2) identifier les contraintes de germination de cette essence et d’y apporter des solutions; 3) caractériser, du point de vue phénotypique, quelques champignons présumés pathogènes chez R. heudelotii; 4) vérifier le pouvoir pathogène (postulats de Koch) de ces champignons présumés pathogènes et 5) tester l’efficacité de quatre fongicides de synthèse contre les maladies foliaires des plantules de R. heudelotii en pépinières. La dormance tégumentaire, la durée de conservation des graines et les maladies sont les contraintes de germination chez R. heudelotii. Les recherches menées dans les bases de données publiques en utilisant l’algorithme BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) et les séquences du gène de l’ADNr cloné (PCR) des 350 isolats collectés ont montré que plusieurs champignons d’importance phytopathologique colonisent les organes infectés de R. heudelotii au Cameroun. Le milieu de culture et la température d’incubation ont affecté les caractéristiques phénotypiques (pigmentation et vitesse de croissance du mycélium, concentration de conidies) des champignons présumés pathogènes chez R. heudelotii à savoir Pestalotiopsis microspora, Lasiodiplodia theobromae et trois individus du taxon Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum ZB049F, F. oxysporum ZB164T et F. oxysporum ZH121F). Ces cinq champignons se sont révélés pathogènes sur les organes détachés et les plantules de R. heudelotii en laboratoire; leur agressivité chez l’hôte a varié d’une espèce fongique à l’autre. Les préparations commerciales de fongicides Plantomil 72WP (60% d’oxyde de cuivre et 12% de métalaxyl) et Nordox 75WG (86% d’oxyde de cuivre) ont permis de lutter efficacement contre les maladies foliaires dues à P. microspora et L. theobromae. Compte tenu de la grande diversité des espèces dans le taxon F. oxysporum et de l’importance phytopathologique de F. solani, l’identification moléculaire plus poussée et complète des individus de ces espèces isolés chez R. heudelotii est à envisager.
The work described in this thesis was conducted in order to identify the fungal species that are associated with infected organs of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Heckel in Cameroon in the perspective of agroforestry. Specifically, objectives were to: 1) identify the advantages and constraints of R. heudelotii for agroforestry in Cameroon and suggest some future research topics for this species; 2) identify germination constraints of R. heudelotii and provide solutions; 3) characterize morphocultural parameters of some suspected pathogenic fungi of R. heudelotii; 4) verify Koch’s postulates for these suspected pathogens; and 5) test the efficacy of four synthetic fungicides against foliar diseases of R. heudelotii seedlings in nurseries. Seed coat dormancy, duration of storage and diseases were the major factors that affected germination in R. heudelotii. Research in the public databases using the BLAST algorithm (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) and cloned rDNA sequences of isolated fungi (350 isolates) showed that several fungi of phytopathological interest colonized infected organs of R. heudelotii in Cameroon. Culture medium and temperature affected the phenotypic characteristics (pigmentation of the mycelium, growth rate and conidia concentrations) of suspected pathogenic fungi of R. heudelotii, namely Pestalotiopsis microspora, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and three species of the taxon Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum ZB049F, F. oxysporum ZB164T and F. oxysporum ZH121F). These five fungi were pathogenic on detached organs and seedlings of R. heudelotii under laboratory conditions; their aggressiveness on the host varied from one fungal species to another. Fungicides such as Plantomil 72WP (60% copper oxide and 12% metalaxyl) and Nordox 75WG (86% copper oxide) were effective against foliar diseases caused by P. microspora and L. theobromae. Given the great diversity of species in the taxon F. oxysporum and the phytopathological importance of F. solani, further and complete identification of individuals of those species based on molecular markers should be considered.

Cette étude vise à déterminer quels sont les facteurs qui influencent le niveau d’attaque du longicorne noir (Monochamus scutellatus scutellatus) après un chablis en forêt boréale irrégulière, et quelle est la période de temps pendant laquelle les arbres affectés restent susceptibles aux attaques. Des mesures ont été prises dans un chablis naturel sur la Côte-Nord et dans un petit chablis artificiel réalisé à la Forêt Montmorency. Les espèces forestières à l’étude sont l'épinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) et le sapin baumier (Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.). Les données récoltées indiquent que la sévérité du chablis et le nombre d’années depuis la mort des arbres ont un effet significatif sur le nombre de trous d’entrée de larves des longicornes. De plus, l’essence forestière et l’état de l’arbre après le chablis influencent l’attractivité que les arbres peuvent exercer sur les longicornes noirs. Ces résultats pourraient aider les aménagistes forestiers à mieux préparer les opérations de récupération de bois de chablis en forêt boréale.
This study aims to identify factors influencing the attack level by the whitespotted sawyer (Monochamus scutellatus scutellatus) after windthrow in uneven-aged boreal forests, and the period of time during which affected trees remain susceptible to attacks. Measures were taken in a natural windthrow on the Côte-Nord and in a small experimental windthrow generated at the Forêt Montmorency. Studied tree species are black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.). The collected data indicate that windthrow severity and the number of years since tree death significantly affect the number of entry holes of the whitespotted sawyer larvae. In addition, tree species and status after windthrow influence their attractiveness to the whitespotted sawyer. These results could help forest managers to improve salvage logging plans after windthrow in boreal forest.

Les matériaux composites sont constitués d’au moins deux matériaux dont les propriétés individuelles se combinent pour former un matériau hétérogène ayant des performances globales fortement améliorées. Parmi les types de matériaux composites, on retrouve les matériaux composites à structure sandwich, lesquels consistent en l’assemblage par collage ou soudure de deux revêtements ou peaux minces, faits d’un matériau rigide et lourd, sur un noyau épais et léger qui maintient leur écartement. Les principaux bénéfices de ces structures sont: la légèreté, la très grande rigidité, la grande résistance en flexion et l’isolation thermique. La combinaison des propriétés des matériaux utilisés comme revêtement et noyau procure aux matériaux composites à structure sandwich plusieurs avantages mécaniques, environnementaux et économiques, permettant ainsi l’élargissement du potentiel de ces matériaux composites à différentes applications. L’objectif général de ce projet de doctorat était de développer un matériau composite à base de bois laminé avec alliage d’aluminium. Les objectifs spécifiques de ce projet de recherche étaient de déterminer les propriétés physiques et mécaniques, d’estimer les coûts de production et de mesurer la performance environnementale des matériaux composites à structure sandwich. Finalement, des applications potentielles étaient évaluées en utilisant la recherche qualitative comme méthodologie. Des matériaux à structure sandwich ont été développés en utilisant quatre types de matériaux composites à base de bois (panneau de fibres à haute densité, panneau de fibres à densité moyenne, panneau de lamelles orientées et contreplaqué) comme noyau, alors qu’un alliage d’aluminium 3003 a été utilisé comme peau ou revêtement. Un adhésif polyuréthane (Macroplast UR-8346) a été utilisé pour coller les composants du matériau composite. Les paramètres de fabrication ont été déterminés à travers des essais préalables. Les propriétés physiques des matériaux composites à base de bois ont été améliorées par le laminage avec l’alliage d’aluminium. Les propriétés mécaniques en flexion, comme le module d’élasticité apparent (Eapp) et le module de rupture (MOR), ont été significativement augmentées avec le laminage d’alliage d’aluminium. L’estimation des coûts de production du matériau composite développé nous a permis de démontrer un avantage économique par rapport au panneau nid d’abeille en aluminium. La comparaison de la fabrication des matériaux composites laminés avec alliage d’aluminium par rapport au panneau nid d’abeille en aluminium a permis d’identifier les avantages environnementaux de l’utilisation des matériaux composites à base de bois comme noyau. L’analyse de l’impact environnemental (IMPACT 2002+) a montré que les émissions associées à la fabrication de tôles d'aluminium se sont avérées les plus grandes contributrices aux impacts environnementaux globaux de la fabrication des matériaux composites à structure sandwich développés. Les avantages techniques, économiques et environnementaux des matériaux composites laminés avec alliage d’aluminium ont multiplié ses applications potentielles. Enfin, la recherche qualitative basée sur la théorie ancrée a permis de déterminer les principales applications possibles à partir des suggestions des personnes interviewées. L’utilisation du Logiciel Nvivo 11 de QRS international a permis le codage des principales catégories. Les principales applications suggérées par les personnes interviewées ont été l’utilisation pour les planchers surélevés; l'application comme diviseurs de salle de bain et l’application comme panneau de contreventement ou panneau décoratif.
Composite materials consist of at least two materials whose individual properties combine to form a heterogeneous material with greatly improved overall performance. Among the types of composite materials are laminated panels or sandwich panels. These consist in the assembly by bonding or welding of two thin skins, made of a rigid and heavy material, on a thick and light core which maintains their spacing. The main benefits of these structures are: lightness, high rigidity, high flexural strength, and thermal insulation. The combination of materials used as faces and core provides laminated panels with several mechanical advantages as well as environmental and economic benefits. Consequently, the potential applications of these composite materials are extended. The overall objective of this doctoral project was to develop a wood-aluminum laminated panel. The specific objectives of this research project were: to determine physical and mechanical properties; to estimate production costs; and to verify the environmental performance of wood-aluminum laminated panels. Finally, potential applications were proposed using qualitative research methodology. Wood-aluminum laminated panel has been developed using four types of wood-based composite as core (high density fibreboard, medium density fibreboard, oriented strand board, and aspen plywood) and two 0.6-mm-thick aluminum alloy sheets as faces. The polyurethane adhesive (Macroplast UR-8346) was used to bonding laminated panels. The manufacturing parameters were determined through prior testing. The physical and mechanical properties of wood-based composites have been improved by lamination with aluminum alloy sheets. The production costs estimate concluded that the developed laminated panels have an economic advantage over the aluminum honeycomb panel. The manufacturing process of laminated composite materials with aluminum alloy shows lower environmental impacts compared to aluminum honeycomb panel. Emissions associated with the manufacturing process of aluminum sheets is the largest contributor to environmental impacts in sandwich composite materials manufacturing. The technical, economic and environmental benefits have extended the potential applications of wood-based composite materials. Qualitative research based on the grounded theory approach was used to determine the main potential applications. The main applications suggested by the interviewees were: raised flooring panels, bathroom dividers panels and decorative and bracing panels.

La sous-estimation des hauteurs LiDAR est très largement connue, mais n’a jamais été étudiée pour plusieurs capteurs et diverses conditions forestières. Cette sous-estimation varie en fonction de la probabilité que le faisceau atteigne le sol et le sommet de la végétation. Les principales causes de cette sous-estimation sont la densité des faisceaux, le patron de balayage (capteur), l'angle des faisceaux, les paramètres spécifiques du survol (altitude de vol, fréquence des faisceaux) et les caractéristiques du territoire (pente, densité du peuplement et composition d’essences). Cette étude, réalisée à une résolution de 1 x 1 m, a d’abord évalué la possibilité de faire un modèle d’ajustement pour corriger le biais du modèle numérique de terrain (MNT) et ensuite un modèle d’ajustement global pour corriger le biais sur le modèle de hauteur de canopée (MHC). Pour cette étude, le MNT et le MHC ont été calculés en soustrayant deux jeux de données LiDAR: l’un avec des pixels comportant un minimum de 20 retours (valeur de référence) et l’autre avec des pixels à faible densité (valeur à corriger). Les premières analyses ont permis de conclure que le MNT ne nécessitait pas d’ajustement spécifique contrairement au MHC. Parmi toutes les variables étudiées, trois ont été retenues pour calibrer le modèle d’ajustement final du MHC : la hauteur du point le plus haut dans le pixel, la densité de premiers retours par mètre carré et l’écart type des hauteurs maximales du voisinage à 9 cellules. La modélisation s'est déroulée en trois étapes. Les deux premières ont permis de trouver les paramètres significatifs et la forme de l'équation (modèle linéaire mixte (1) et modèle non linéaire (2)).La troisième étape a permis d’obtenir une équation empirique à l’aide d’un modèle non linéaire mixte (3) applicable à un MHC d’une résolution de 1x 1m. La correction de la sous-estimation du MHC peut être utilisée comme étape préliminaire à plusieurs utilisations du MHC comme le calcul de volumes et la création de modèles de croissance ou d’analyses multi-temporelles.

Les analyses transcriptomiques contribuent à la compréhension des fonctions du génome des organismes non modèles comme les conifères, qui ont une importance économique et écologique au Canada. La majorité des études transcriptomiques sur les conifères ont abordé des questions biologiques spécifiques, en se penchant tout particulièrement sur les gènes différentiellement exprimés entre les stades de développement et les conditions biologiques. Ces études sont faites à partir d’un nombre limité de tissus. Notre étude avait des objectifs plus fondamentaux qui étaient d’étudier la structure, la dynamique et l’évolution du transcriptome chez les conifères. Nous avons mené deux études d’expression pour comparer différents tissus (études sur plusieurs tissus), une dont le but était de comparer des espèces et une autre pour analyser la variation temporelle de l’expression de gènes d’un type de tissu au cours d’une saison de croissance. Les données d’expression ont été générées grâce à la méthode d’hybridation utilisant des puces à ADN. Nous avons construit la première puce à oligonucléotide pour les conifères. Comparée aux puces à ADNc utilisées dans d’autres études, notre puce a une plus large couverture du génome avec près de 24 000 gènes de l’épinette blanche (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss.). L’analyse sur plusieurs espèces a montré la conservation des profils d’expression préférentiels aux tissus vasculaires entre des espèces d’épinettes. Nous avons créé la première base de données d’expression tissulaire chez les conifères. Cette base de données, appelée PiceaGenExpress, est issue d’une analyse sur plusieurs tissus qui se base sur des données semi-quantitatives. Pour une autre étude sur plusieurs tissus, nous avons analysé des données quantitatives. Ces analyses ont permis de mettre en évidence l’organisation modulaire du transcriptome et de construire un réseau transcriptionnel du xylème. Dans ce réseau, PgNAC-7 est le gène le mieux connecté et préférentiellement exprimé pendant la formation du bois initial, indiquant ainsi son rôle variable dans le temps. Nos résultats constituent une base des connaissances qui permettent des études sur des sujets indépendants par d’autres auteurs. Nos découvertes sont aussi une base pour le développement de marqueurs pour la sélection génétique des conifères dans une perspective de conservation et d’amélioration.
Transcriptome analyses contribute to the understanding of genome function in non-model organisms such as conifers trees, which are of economic and ecological importance in Canada. Most transcriptome profiling experiments in conifers have addressed specific biological questions, focusing on differential expressed genes between developmental stages or biological conditions and have analysed only a few different tissue types at a time. Our study had more fundamental goals which were to investigate transcriptome structure, dynamics and evolution in conifers. We conducted two gene expression studies comparing different tissues (multi-tissue analysis), as well as an analysis comparing species and another that monitored changes over the course of a growth season within a tissue type. Expression data were generated from microarray hybridizations. We developed the first oligonucleotide microarray in conifers. Compared to the cDNA-based microarrays used in previous studies, it has broader genome coverage with about 24 000 white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss.) genes. Analysis across species revealed the conservation of vascular tissue preferential expression patterns between spruce species. We built the first gene expression database of tissues in conifers. This database, called PiceaGenExpress, comes from a multi-tissue analysis based on semi-quantitative data. A separate multi-tissue analysis used quantitative data, highlighted the modular organization of transcriptome and, lead to the construction of a xylem transcriptional network. The gene PgNAC-7 was the most connected gene in the network and was preferentially expressed during earlywood formation indicating that its role is temporally variable. Ours results represent a knowledge foundation which has enabled research on several independent topics by other researchers. Our findings are also a basis for the development of genetic selection markers for conifer tree breeding and conservation.

Les fossés avaloirs sont des aménagements hydro-agricoles formés d'un remblai et d'un tuyau vertical perforé, nommé avaloir, permettant de retenir temporairement l'eau de ruissellement dans un bassin de sédimentation. La littérature scientifique actuellement disponible suggère une réduction de plus de 80 % des matières en suspension, de plus de 75 % de l'azote total et de plus de 50 % du phosphore total grâce à ces fossés avaloirs. Dans le cadre de la présente étude, l'élaboration d'un protocole expérimental a permis d'analyser des centaines d'échantillons d'eau de ruissellement provenant de différents types de fossés avaloirs installés dans un champ agricole où des pratiques standard de travail minimal du sol étaient utilisées. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que, dans les conditions étudiées, les fossés avaloirs ne permettent pas d'atteindre les proportions de rétention des matières en suspension généralement rapportée dans la littérature scientifique. Lorsque comparé à un fossé témoin, nos observations démontrent une réduction des matières en suspension de 22 % et de 71 % respectivement pour le fossé avaloir Hickenbottom et le fossé avaloir doté d'une écumoire flottante. Pour ce qui est des nutriments, la réduction des phosphates, qui est la forme dissoute la plus abondante du phosphore, a été plus faible. Nos observations démontrent une réduction de 15 % pour le fossé avaloir Hickenbottom et de 34 % pour le fossé avaloir équipé d'une écumoire flottante. Quant à l'azote total, les valeurs sont plus élevées que celle d'un fossé témoin de 5 % pour le fossé avaloir Hickenbottom et de 120 % pour le fossé avaloir avec écumoire flottante. Sans pour autant déconseiller l'usage de ce type d'aménagement hydro-agricole en milieu agricole québécois, les résultats obtenus pourraient en diminuer les attentes environnementales. Des travaux supplémentaires pourraient permettre de développer ces aménagements pour les rendre plus efficaces dans les conditions du Québec.