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Academic literature on the topic 'SD 121 UL 2013 B4261'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SD 121 UL 2013 B4261"
Bélanger, Sébastien. "Activité saisonnière de trois espèces de longicornes et suivi de la progression des dégâts causés par le longicorne noir après le passage du feu en forêt boréale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29452/29452.pdf.
Full textJeffrey, Olivier, and Olivier Jeffrey. "Effets des coupes de récupération sur les successions naturelles de coléoptères saproxyliques le long d'une chronoséquence de 15 ans après feu en forêt boréale commerciale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24631.
Full textCette étude vise à décrire l’état naturel des communautés de huit familles de coléoptères saproxyliques, reconnues pour être associées aux brûlis, à partir d’un échantillonnage fait au niveau des souches et à l’intérieur de peuplements commerciaux d’épinettes noires (Picea mariana (Mill)) résiduels à la coupe de récupération (état naturel) provenant de brûlis de 1995, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 et 2010. L’étude vise également à comparer ces communautés à celles retrouvées dans des peuplements d’épinettes noires récupérés et répartis dans les brûlis de 1995, 2003, 2005 et 2007. Les coléoptères ont été inventoriés durant l’été 2010 et plus de 6 000 spécimens répartis dans les huit familles étudiées ont été capturés. À l’état naturel, quatre phases de colonisation se sont succédées pendant les cinq premières années après feu. Les assemblages des communautés de coléoptères saproxyliques sont quant à eux altérés par la récupération et ce, pour une période d’au moins sept ans.
This study aims to describe the natural state of communities of eight saproxylic beetle families known to be associated with burned forest from a sample done at stump level and in commercial black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill)) stands residual to salvage logging (natural state) from burns of 1995, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2010. The study also aims to compare these communities to those found in salvaged black spruce stands distributed in burns of 1995, 2003, 2005 and 2007. Beetles were sampled during summer 2010 and over 6 000 specimens among the eight studied families were captured. In its natural state, four colonization phases have succeeded along the first five postfire years. Saproxylic beetle assemblages were affected by salvage logging for a period of seven years.
This study aims to describe the natural state of communities of eight saproxylic beetle families known to be associated with burned forest from a sample done at stump level and in commercial black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill)) stands residual to salvage logging (natural state) from burns of 1995, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2010. The study also aims to compare these communities to those found in salvaged black spruce stands distributed in burns of 1995, 2003, 2005 and 2007. Beetles were sampled during summer 2010 and over 6 000 specimens among the eight studied families were captured. In its natural state, four colonization phases have succeeded along the first five postfire years. Saproxylic beetle assemblages were affected by salvage logging for a period of seven years.
Djeugap, Fovo Joseph. "Contraintes de germination et diagnostic moléculaire des champignons associés aux maladies chez Ricinodendron heudelotii au Cameroun." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30016/30016.pdf.
Full textThe work described in this thesis was conducted in order to identify the fungal species that are associated with infected organs of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Heckel in Cameroon in the perspective of agroforestry. Specifically, objectives were to: 1) identify the advantages and constraints of R. heudelotii for agroforestry in Cameroon and suggest some future research topics for this species; 2) identify germination constraints of R. heudelotii and provide solutions; 3) characterize morphocultural parameters of some suspected pathogenic fungi of R. heudelotii; 4) verify Koch’s postulates for these suspected pathogens; and 5) test the efficacy of four synthetic fungicides against foliar diseases of R. heudelotii seedlings in nurseries. Seed coat dormancy, duration of storage and diseases were the major factors that affected germination in R. heudelotii. Research in the public databases using the BLAST algorithm (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) and cloned rDNA sequences of isolated fungi (350 isolates) showed that several fungi of phytopathological interest colonized infected organs of R. heudelotii in Cameroon. Culture medium and temperature affected the phenotypic characteristics (pigmentation of the mycelium, growth rate and conidia concentrations) of suspected pathogenic fungi of R. heudelotii, namely Pestalotiopsis microspora, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and three species of the taxon Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum ZB049F, F. oxysporum ZB164T and F. oxysporum ZH121F). These five fungi were pathogenic on detached organs and seedlings of R. heudelotii under laboratory conditions; their aggressiveness on the host varied from one fungal species to another. Fungicides such as Plantomil 72WP (60% copper oxide and 12% metalaxyl) and Nordox 75WG (86% copper oxide) were effective against foliar diseases caused by P. microspora and L. theobromae. Given the great diversity of species in the taxon F. oxysporum and the phytopathological importance of F. solani, further and complete identification of individuals of those species based on molecular markers should be considered.
Murillas, Gomez Mayerline. "Impact du longicorne noir, Monochamus scutellatus scutellatus, sur l’épinette noire et le sapin baumier à la suite de chablis en forêt boréale irrégulière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30195/30195.pdf.
Full textThis study aims to identify factors influencing the attack level by the whitespotted sawyer (Monochamus scutellatus scutellatus) after windthrow in uneven-aged boreal forests, and the period of time during which affected trees remain susceptible to attacks. Measures were taken in a natural windthrow on the Côte-Nord and in a small experimental windthrow generated at the Forêt Montmorency. Studied tree species are black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.). The collected data indicate that windthrow severity and the number of years since tree death significantly affect the number of entry holes of the whitespotted sawyer larvae. In addition, tree species and status after windthrow influence their attractiveness to the whitespotted sawyer. These results could help forest managers to improve salvage logging plans after windthrow in boreal forest.
Waldron, Kaysandra. "Dynamique du chablis en forêt boréale irrégulière et aménagement écosystémique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29986/29986.pdf.
Full textThe implementation of ecosystem management involves a better understanding of natural disturbance regimes. In the boreal forest of Canada, fire is the most studied natural disturbance. However, in areas where the fire cycle is long, other natural disturbances, such as windthrow, are important. Thus, the description of windthrow regime of the eastern boreal forest of Quebec was performed considering its intrinsic, temporal and spatial characteristics, and also its consequences on the forest ecosystem. Firstly, site and stand characteristics affecting windthrow susceptibility were studied. The SIFORT database was used, allowing a 30 year temporal coverage. Secondly, windthrows and cutblocks spatial characteristics were analysed at landscape and polygons (or disturbance) levels, in three areas of 5 000 ha. Finally, at the stand level, the main key attributes or biological legacies in the black-spruce forest after windthrow episodes were measured and compared to salvaged windthrows. These three complementary approaches provided a global picture of the windthrow regime in the irregular boreal forest. Results showed that the variables having the best predictive capacity of a stand susceptibility to windthrow are topex, surface deposit thickness and slope. Windthrows, mainly partial, annually affects 0.23% of the study area with a return interval of approximately 450 years at a given location. At the landscape level, partial windthrows have a higher variability in their size than total windthrows, which are smaller. Partial windthrow polygons have a mean of 60% of their area in residual living trees, and total windthrow polygons have 15% of their cover in residual trees. Salvage logging changes many post-windthrow key stand structure, microsite and vegetation attributes. Salvage logging causes a reduction in the quantity of downed coarse woody debris and snags and all the decay classes are not present in salvaged windthrows. Furthermore, forest floor heterogeneity and bryophytes cover are affected by salvage logging operations. These results highlight the importance of uneven-age silvicultural treatments in the irregular boreal forest. Furthermore, salvage logging operations should be designed to ensure the maintenance of key attribute.
Anyomi, Kenneth Agbesi. "Spatial and temporal complexities in forest productivity-climate relationships within northern temperate and boreal forests of eastern Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30206/30206.pdf.
Full textForest productivity is driven by direct climatic and non-climatic factors which are transient or permanent in nature. Their effects vary through time and along spatial scales, thus assuming equal sensitivities across time and space where heterogeneous growth responses exist has consequences for the prediction of forest productivity. There is growing evidence of global changes, associated by rather diverse and in some cases contrasting changes in growth. It is necessary to constantly monitor growth and productivity and regional studies are therefore necessary to consider alternative productivity estimation procedures. This thesis was therefore aimed at determining to what extent global, regional and local changes in climate and disturbance regimes affect forest site productivity within eastern Canadian boreal and northern temperate forests located within the province of Québec. Stem analysis data was first obtained from 32 aspen dominated stands that spanned a 5-degree of latitude-wide transect representing a large climate gradient with different surficial deposit types in order to study real-time height growth. Plonki’s site index model calibrated from stem analysis data was used in estimating a height growth index for these 32 stands. Over 4000 temporary sample plots were also obtained from stands of varying age, structure and species compositional gradients in order to determine feedback effects of vegetation on productivity, which are indirect effects of climate and soil. A site index model calibrated from temporary sample plots (and currently used in Québec for growth and yield estimation) was used in estimating site index for mixed aspen stands. Finally, the last chapter of this thesis used an aspecific height-age relationship. Results of the first chapter show that within aspen dominated stands, height growth is mainly driven by the annual cumulative sum of growing degree days with an explanatory capacity as good as that of more complex processed-based variables. Also, aspen productivity in pure stands is better explained with a model that assumes that specific populations have different response functions to climate, demonstrating that climate sensitivity is not stable across a species’ geographic range. Within mixed species stands, stand structure and species composition are the major drivers of aspen productivity. Variability in productivity is better explained at the level of landscapes than stand-level. An interaction between landscape- and stand-level drivers influence stand-level productivity, suggesting that a hierarchical modelling approach is more appropriate than a single-level model. Since stand structural and compositional changes are dynamics that characterize stand succession, it is inferred that successional changes and not climate drive productivity in mixed stands, when measured with site index. Our results seem to concur with the fundamental idea of the existence of heterogeneity (in forest productivity) due to intra- and inter-specific interactions in a way that produces structures capable of adapting through time, as suggested by the concept of complex adaptive systems.
Miville, Vincent. "Évaluation de la rentabilité de la populiculture au Québec - Analyse financière et perception des professionnels forestiers." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29509/29509.pdf.
Full textLépine, Emmanuel. "Synthèse d'adhésifs thermodurcissables à base de farine de soya et de furfural pour la fabrication de panneaux composites en bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30119/30119.pdf.
Full textThermoset adhesives for wood composite panels are generally from fossil, non-renewable resources. The use of soybean allows using a material from renewable resources that stores carbon during its growth. Furfural is also from renewable resources. Its use allows reducing formaldehyde emission of panels when it is used in resins. The resins synthesized during the present works were a furfural-phenol-formaldehyde (FuPF) and a FuPF + Furfurilized soybean (SoyFu). These resins have first been tested in particleboard manufacturing. The SoyFu resin has been mixed with a polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) resin, a hexamine cross-linked tannin resin and the FuPF. These three copolymers happened to be good choices and resulted in good particleboards. The SoyFu resin has been characterized with FT-IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy and the FT-IR analysis proved that the furfural formally reacted with soybean. In chapter four, single layer randomly oriented strand boards have been made using the FuPF, the FuPF + SoyFu (50/50 proportions) and a commercial phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins. A short pressing time has been used and it allowed concluding in the importance of using a specific core adhesive for that kind of panel. A study to optimize the SoyFu resin has also been undertaken in this chapter. Shearing tests showed that it is better to use a high pH with a large amount of furfural (50 to 100% vs. soybean). In chapter five, the same resins have been used as face adhesives in three layers randomly oriented strand boards making. 3% of powder PF resin was sprayed in the core layer of all panels. The FuPF resin showed the same mechanical performance as the commercial PF while the FuPF + SoyFu showed inferior performance. The FuPF has been proven to be more resilient to thermal degradation after thermogravimetric analysis. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis showed that the furfural, the phenol and the formaldehyde react all with each other to form a FuPF polymer. All formaldehyde emission tests were under the detection limit of our method, the desiccator one.
Butzbach, Thomas. "Reconstruction 3D d'un bâtiment à partir de photographies prises par un mobile." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30297/30297.pdf.
Full textThe Office Energy Efficiency use methods to perform 3D model of buildings. But the user is very solicited and he take a lot of time for the 3D reconstruction. The 3D model is using by software for energy calculation. They take some measure to generate an ugly 3D model. Mobile devices are increasingly present on the market at a lower price. These devices contain an integrated camera and there are multiple researches on 3D reconstruction from image. Unfortunately, these methods can generally get a points cloud rather than a mesh that must have some characteristics for accurate volume calculations. The purpose of this paper is to present a series of existing methods or not to perform data acquisition and processing needed to produce a 3D model of a building. The 3D reconstruction methods which we reviewed helped us to designed a new method based on various studies to generate a 3D points cloud. Then an algorithm based on the point cloud processing was performed to generate a 3D model of the building.
Goudiaby, Mamadou. "Les parcs agroforestiers en Basse Casamance : Contribution du Parkia biglobosa (néré)à la réduction des risques de pauvreté des ménages de la communauté rurale de Mangagoulack, au Sénégal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30035/30035.pdf.
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