Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'SDBS'

We have investigated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks wrapped with the cationic surfactant sodium dodecyl-benzenesulfonate (SBDS) as promising candidates for water detection. This is the first time that the humidity behavior of endohedral Li-doped (Li@) and undoped SWCNTs/SDBS has been shown. We identified a strong and almost monotonic decrease in resistance as humidity increased from 11 to 97%. Sensitivities varied between −3 and 65% in the entire humidity range. Electrical characterization, Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis revealed that a combination of the electron donor behavior of the water molecules with Poole-Frenkel conduction accounted for the resistive humidity response in the Li@SWCNT/SDBS and undoped SWCNT/SDBS networks. We found that Li@SWCNTs boosted the semiconducting character in mixtures of metallic/semiconducting SWCNT beams. Moreover, electrical characterization of the sensor suggested that endohedral Li doping produced SWCNT beams with high concentration of semiconducting tubes. We also investigated how frequency influenced film humidity sensing behavior and how this behavior of SWCNT/SDBS films depended on temperature from 20 to 80 ∘ C. The present results will certainly aid design and optimization of SWCNT films with different dopants for humidity or gas sensing in general.

This diploma thesis deals with the study of physical hydrogels based on positively-charged polyelectrolyte. The study is to investigate the interaction of selected positively-charged polyelectrolytes with oppositely charged surfactants in water and in physiologicla saline solution (0.15 M NaCl). The influence of the process for preparing hydrogels. Hydrogels were prepared by dry or wet. Were tested solubilization abilities hydrogels prepared using the hydrophobic dye oil red O were also measured rheological properties of the hydrogels prepared using frequency oscillatory tests and flow tests, depending on the concentration of the polymer or surfactant. For the rheological experiments suggest that chitosan is capable of forming rigid hydrogels with better mechanical properties than the dextran in the presence of both surfactants. Selected samples were also carried out experiments using fluorescent sold prodan, nile red and -naphthol as fluorescent probes. And in selected experiments was determined by solids content in percentage depending on the concentration used polyelectrolytes or surfactants.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>With the highly utilization of phenolic compounds and surfactant for several industrial sectors have been increasing the amount of unloading of these pollutant in the effluents, creating pollution. The sorption has getting attention for being an encouraging method for the removing of the chemical pollutants, found on the aqueous effluents. This thesis has the propose of evaluating the capacity of the sorption of the surfactant dodecyl benzene sodium sulfate (SDBS) in crosslinked chitosan beads with Epichlorohydrin (QUIT-EP) and the dichlorophenol-2,6-indophenol (DCFI) found in fish scales (Micropogonias furnieri) Changed with glutaraldehyde and chitosan. The chitosan spheres (QUIT-EP) present 67,8% of anionic surfactant remotion SDBS and the croaker fish scale (ESC-QUIT) removed 70,2% of the DCFI in the aqueous solution, proving the efficiency of these materials in the transference of the studied pollutants.<br>Com a intensa utilização de compostos fenólicos e surfactantes por vários setores industriais, têm aumentado bastante, as quantidades de descargas destes poluentes em efluentes, gerando poluição. A adsorção, por ser um método promissor, vem sendo muito utilizada na remoção de poluentes químicos presentes em efluentes aquosos. Esta tese teve por objetivo avaliar a capacidade de sorção do surfactante dodecilbenzenossulfonato de sódio (SDBS) em esferas de quitosana reticuladas com epicloridrina (QUIT-EP) e do diclorofenol-2,6-indofenol (DCFI) em escamas do peixe corvina (Micropogonias furnieri) modificadas com glutaraldeído e quitosana. As esferas de quitosana (Quit-EP) apresentaram 67,8% de remoção do surfactante aniônico SDBS e as escamas do peixe corvina (ESC-QUIT) removeram 70,2% do DCFI de soluções aquosas, comprovando que esses materiais são eficientes na remoção dos poluentes estudados.

In this work, we aim to study some fine properties for functional stochastic differential equation. The results consist of five main parts. In the second chapter, by constructing successful couplings, the derivative formula, gradient estimates and Harnack inequalities are established for the semigroup associated with a class of degenerate functional stochastic differential equations. In the third chapter, by using Malliavin calculus, explicit derivative formulae are established for a class of semi-linear functional stochastic partial differential equations with additive or multiplicative noise. As applications, gradient estimates and Harnack inequalities are derived for the semigroup of the associated segment process. In the fourth chapter, we apply the weak convergence approach to establish a large deviation principle for a class of neutral functional stochastic differential equations with jumps. In particular, we discuss the large deviation principle for neutral stochastic differential delay equations which allow the coefficients to be highly nonlinear with respect to the delay argument. In the fifth chapter, we discuss the convergence of Euler-Maruyama scheme for a class of neutral stochastic partial differential equations driven by alpha-stable processes, where the numerical scheme is based on spatial discretization and time discretization. In the last chapter, we discuss (i) the existence and uniqueness of the stationary distribution of explicit Euler-Maruyama scheme both in time and in space for a class of stochastic partial differential equations whenever the stepsize is sufficiently small, and (ii) show that the stationary distribution of the Euler-Maruyama scheme converges weakly to the counterpart of the stochastic partial differential equation.

This thesis is mainly concerned with semantic data modelling related to database design. The domain of this research is restricted to general data modelling and the discussion is carried out at the conceptual level. The thesis assesses a number of serious modelling shortcomings of the conventional data models and reviews several basic principles and mechanisms developed in current semantic data modelling research. Based on these findings, the thesis identifies the inadequacy of the conceptualization of data modelling and develops the two-view conceptualization of data modelling. The basic idea behind the two-view conceptualization is that the conceptual structure of the applications being modelled should be separated from its external data representation. A new semantic database model, SDBM, is designed based on the conceptualization. The model makes a clear separation between the conceptual structure and its external data representation. It offers a data type mechanism to deal with the data representation, a window mechanism to model the conceptual structure, and a transaction mechanism to provide database operations. One of the major extensions of the current semantic data models is that with SDBM the specialization relationship is just a special case of constraints that can be specified among SDBM windows. A formal syntax and informal semantics of SDBM are given in the thesis along with comparisons between SDBM and a closely-related semantic data model, Taxis.<br>Business, Sauder School of<br>Graduate

Galaxy clusters are the largest known gravitationally bound objects, their study is important for both an intrinsic understanding of their systems and an investigation of the large scale structure of the universe. The multi- component nature of galaxy clusters offers multiple observable signals across the electromagnetic spectrum. At X-ray wavelengths, galaxy clusters are simply identified as X-ray luminous, spatially extended, and extragalactic sources. X-ray observations offer the most powerful technique for constructing cluster catalogues. The main advantages of the X-ray cluster surveys are their excellent purity and completeness and the X-ray observables are tightly correlated with mass, which is indeed the most fundamental parameter of clusters. In my thesis I have conducted the 2XMMi/SDSS galaxy cluster survey, which is a serendipitous search for galaxy clusters based on the X-ray extended sources in the XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalogue (2XMMi-DR3). The main aims of the survey are to identify new X-ray galaxy clusters, investigate their X-ray scaling relations, identify distant cluster candidates, and study the correlation of the X-ray and optical properties. The survey is constrained to those extended sources that are in the footprint of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in order to be able to identify the optical counterparts as well as to measure their redshifts that are mandatory to measure their physical properties. The overlap area be- tween the XMM-Newton fields and the SDSS-DR7 imaging, the latest SDSS data release at the starting of the survey, is 210 deg^2. The survey comprises 1180 X-ray cluster candidates with at least 80 background-subtracted photon counts, which passed the quality control process. To measure the optical redshifts of the X-ray cluster candidates, I used three procedures; (i) cross-matching these candidates with the recent and largest optically selected cluster catalogues in the literature, which yielded the photometric redshifts of about a quarter of the X-ray cluster candidates. (ii) I developed a finding algorithm to search for overdensities of galaxies at the positions of the X-ray cluster candidates in the photometric redshift space and to measure their redshifts from the SDSS-DR8 data, which provided the photometric redshifts of 530 groups/clusters. (iii) I developed an algorithm to identify the cluster candidates associated with spectroscopically targeted Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) in the SDSS-DR9 and to measure the cluster spectroscopic redshift, which provided 324 groups and clusters with spectroscopic confirmation based on spectroscopic redshift of at least one LRG. In total, the optically confirmed cluster sample comprises 574 groups and clusters with redshifts (0.03 ≤ z ≤ 0.77), which is the largest X-ray selected cluster catalogue to date based on observations from the current X-ray observatories (XMM-Newton, Chandra, Suzaku, and Swift/XRT). Among the cluster sample, about 75 percent are newly X-ray discovered groups/clusters and 40 percent are new systems to the literature. To determine the X-ray properties of the optically confirmed cluster sample, I reduced and analysed their X-ray data in an automated way following the standard pipelines of processing the XMM-Newton data. In this analysis, I extracted the cluster spectra from EPIC(PN, MOS1, MOS2) images within an optimal aperture chosen to maximise the signal-to-noise ratio. The spectral fitting procedure provided the X-ray temperatures kT (0.5 - 7.5 keV) for 345 systems that have good quality X-ray data. For all the optically confirmed cluster sample, I measured the physical properties L500 (0.5 x 10^42 – 1.2 x 10^45 erg s-1 ) and M500 (1.1 x 10^13 – 4.9 x 10^14 M⊙) from an iterative procedure using published scaling relations. The present X-ray detected groups and clusters are in the low and intermediate luminosity regimes apart from few luminous systems, thanks to the XMM-Newton sensitivity and the available XMM-Newton deep fields The optically confirmed cluster sample with measurements of redshift and X-ray properties can be used for various astrophysical applications. As a first application, I investigated the LX - T relation for the first time based on a large cluster sample of 345 systems with X-ray spectroscopic parameters drawn from a single survey. The current sample includes groups and clusters with wide ranges of redshifts, temperatures, and luminosities. The slope of the relation is consistent with the published ones of nearby clusters with higher temperatures and luminosities. The derived relation is still much steeper than that predicted by self-similar evolution. I also investigated the evolution of the slope and the scatter of the LX - T relation with the cluster redshift. After excluding the low luminosity groups, I found no significant changes of the slope and the intrinsic scatter of the relation with redshift when dividing the sample into three redshift bins. When including the low luminosity groups in the low redshift subsample, I found its LX - T relation becomes after than the relation of the intermediate and high redshift subsamples. As a second application of the optically confirmed cluster sample from our ongoing survey, I investigated the correlation between the cluster X-ray and the optical parameters that have been determined in a homogenous way. Firstly, I investigated the correlations between the BCG properties (absolute magnitude and optical luminosity) and the cluster global proper- ties (redshift and mass). Secondly, I computed the richness and the optical luminosity within R500 of a nearby subsample (z ≤ 0.42, with a complete membership detection from the SDSS data) with measured X-ray temperatures from our survey. The relation between the estimated optical luminosity and richness is also presented. Finally, the correlation between the cluster optical properties (richness and luminosity) and the cluster global properties (X-ray luminosity, temperature, mass) are investigated.<br>Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit habe ich die 2XMMi/SDSS Galaxienhaufendurchmusterung erstellt (2XMMi/SDSS galaxy cluster survey), eine Suche nach Galaxienhaufen welche auf der Detektion ausgedehnter Röntgenquellen im XMM-Newton Quellenkatalog (2XMMi-DR3) basiert. Die Hauptziele dieser Suche sind die Identifizierung bisher unbekannter röntgenheller Galaxienhaufen, die Erforschung ihrer Beziehungen zwischen Röntgenleuchtkraft und Temperatur (X-ray scaling relation), eine Entdeckung von möglichen weit entfernten Galaxienhaufen und die Beziehung zwischen Eigenschaften im Optischen und Röntgenbereich. Die Durchmusterung ist für alle Quellen der Himmelsregionen ausgelegt, die vom Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) erfasst werden. Das Ziel besteht darin, ihre optischen Gegenstücke zu finden und deren Rotverschiebungen zu bestimmen. Die gemeinsamen Himmelsareale zwischen XMM-Newton und dem Bildmaterial vom SDSS-DR7 umfassen 210 deg^2. Meine Durchmusterung enthält 1180 mögliche Galaxienhaufen mit wenigstens 80 vom Hintergrund bereinigten Photonen im Röntgenbereich, die einer Qualitätskontrolle erfolgreich standgehalten haben. Um die Rotverschiebungen der möglichen Galaxienhaufen im optischen Bereich zu bestimmen nutzte ich drei Vorgehensweisen: (i) Ein Abgleich jener Kandidaten mit den neuesten und umfangreichsten Katalogen optisch ausgewählter Galaxienhaufen, die in der Literatur verfügbar sind. (ii) Ich entwickelte einen Algorithmus, um Rotverschiebungen der optischen Gegenstücke aus Daten vom SDSS-DR8 zu ermitteln, welches zu photometrischen Rotverschiebungen von 530 Galaxiengruppen-/haufen führte. (iii) Ein weiterer von mir entwickelter Algorithmus nutzte die spektroskopischen Rotverschiebung von roten leuchtkräftigen Galaxien (LRGs) in den Daten des SDSS-DR9 und ergab 324 Gruppen und Haufen. Zusammengefasst enthält diese Probe 574 auch im optischen nachgewiesener Galaxiengruppen und -haufen mit bekannten Rotverschiebungen (0.03 ≤ z ≤ 0.77) - der zur Zeit umfangreichste Katalog von im Röntgenbereich ausgewählten Galaxienhaufen basierend auf aktuellen Röntgenbeobachtungen. Unter jenen Haufen waren ca. 75% im Röntgenbereich nicht bekannt und 40% fanden in der bisherigen Literatur noch keine Erwähnung. Um die Röntgeneigenschaften der im Optischen bestätigten Haufen zu bestimmen, war eine automatische Reduktion und Analyse der Röntgendaten unverzichtbar. Die Prozedur, welche Modelle an die Röntgenspektren anpasste, ergab Temperaturen kT von 0.5 – 7.5 keV für 345 Kandidaten. Für alle Haufen, die auch im optischen auffindbar waren, bestimmte ich die physikalischen Eigenschaften L500 (0.5 x 10^42 – 1.2 x 10^45 erg s^-1) und M500 (1.1 x 10^13 – 4.9 x 10^14 M⊙). Die Probe optisch bestätigter Galaxienhaufen mit gemessenen Rotverschiebungen und Röntgeneigenschaften kann für viele astrophysikalische Anwendungen genutzt werden. Als eine der ersten Anwendungen betrachtete ich die Beziehung zwischen LX - T; das erste Mal für eine so grosse Anzahl von 345 Objekten. Der aktuelle Katalog enthält Gruppen und Haufen, die einen grossen Bereich in Rotverschiebung, Temperatur und Helligkeit abdecken. Der Anstieg jener Beziehung ist im Einklang mit bereits publizierten Werten für nahegelegene Galaxienhaufen von hoher Temperatur und Helligkeit. Nach dem Ausschluss leuchtschwacher Gruppen und der Einteilung der Daten in drei nach Rotverschiebung geordneter Gruppen, waren keine signifikanten Änderungen von Anstieg und intrinsischer Streuung zu beobachten. Als zweite Anwendung unserer Durchmusterung, untersuchte ich die Haufen bezüglich deren Eigenschaften im Optischen und im Röntgenbereich. Zuerst betrachtete ich den Zusammenhang zwischen den Eigenschaften (absolute Helligkeit und optische Leuchkraft) der hellsten Haufengalaxie (BCG) mit denen des Haufens als Ganzem (Rotverschiebung und Masse). Danach berechnete ich die Reichhaltigkeit der Galaxienhaufen und deren optische Leuchtkraft innerhalb von R500 für eine Stichprobe nahegelegener Haufen (z ≤ 0.42, hier sind SDSS Daten noch empfindlich genug um den Grossteil der Haufengalaxien abzubilden) mit gemessenen Röntgentemperaturen. Schlussendlich konnten dieWechselwirkungen zwischen den optischen Eigenschaften (Reichhaltigkeit und Leuchtkraft) und den globalen Eigenschaften (Röntgenleuchtkraft, Temperatur und Masse) näher untersucht werden.

Le travail de ma thèse s'est concentré sur l'extraction du signal laissé par les BAO dans la distribution des galaxies. Celui se présente sous forme d'un pic autour de 150 Mpc dans la fonction de corrélation à deux point de la matière. Cette échelle correspond à la distance parcourue par l'onde acoustique dans le fluide matière-radiation entre la période d'égalité matière-radiation et leur découplage à z-1100. Il en résulte une sur-densité à cette échelle autour de chaque perturbation primordiale. Le but de mon travail était d'effectuer une analyse complète sur les données prises par la collaboration SDSS III/BOSS jusqu'à l'été 2011 afin ; d'apporter des contraintes sur les paramètres caractérisant l'énergie noire, WO et Wa. On veut \ savoir si ces observations sont consistantes avec la fameuse constante cosmologique (W0=1 et Wa=0) ou si l'équation d'état de l'énergie noire évolue avec le temps (Wa diff 0) impliquant alors des scénarios bien plus complexes pour cette composante. Pour y arriver, j'ai étudié et testé les j outils d'analyse avec des simulations log-normal ainsi qu'avec les données publiques du DR7 de ; SDSS. J'ai étudié les effets de distorsion des redshifts dans le régime linéaire avec des simulations et j'ai développé une méthode d'optimisation d'estimateur de fonction de corrélation. Dans un second temps j'ai réalisé l'analyse complète des données BOSS-CMASS, qui utilise les galaxies elliptiques très lumineuses (LRGs), depuis la construction du catalogue jusqu'à l'obtention des contraintes cosmologique en passant par la correction des effets systématiques<br>My research focuses on the extraction of the signal imprinted by the BAO on the galaxy distribution. The BAO feature is a bump at -150Mpcin the two-points correlation function of the matter in the Universe. This corresponds to maximum distance travelled by acoustic waves in the matter-radiation fluid during the period from matter/radiation equality to their decoupling at z-1100. An excess density at a radius of 150 Mpc was left after decoupling around each dark-matter density peak. The final goal of my work is to perform a complete analysis of the data available up to summer 2011 in SDSS III/BOSS in order to give constraints on isotropised distance DV and constraint the dark energy equation of state parameters wo and Wa. With such observations, one wants to check if the data is consistent with the so-called cosmological constant (corresponding to wo= -1 and wa= 0) or if the dark energy equation of state shows a time evolution (wa= 0) pointing to more complex dark energy scenarios. I studied and tested data analysis tools with log normal simulations and the public DR7 to achieve this goal. I studied the redshift distortions with simulations in the linear regime and I developed a optimization method for the correlation function estimator. The second part of my my work was focused in the analysis of BOSS data. There are to main programs in the SDSS III/BOSS project: the Luminous Red Galaxies catalogue and a new technique based on quasars using the Lyman-alpha forest. I have focused my research on the LRG science. I performed a complete analysis of BOSS-CMASS sample from catalog construction, systematic corrections and cosmological constrains

We consider the numerical approximation of stochastic differential and partial differential equations S(P)DEs, by means of time-differencing schemes which are based on exponential integrator techniques. We focus on the study of two numerical schemes, both appropriate for the simulation of Stratonovich- interpreted S(P)DEs. The first, is a basic strong order 1=2 scheme, called Stratonovich Exponential Integrators (SEI). Motivated by SEI and aiming at benefiting both from the higher order of the standard Milstein scheme and the efficiency of the exponential schemes when dealing with stiff problems, we develop a new Milstein type scheme called Milstein Stratonovich Exponential Integrators (MSEI). We prove strong convergence of the SEI scheme for high-dimensional semilinear Stratonovich SDEs with multiplicative noise and we use SEI as well as the MSEI scheme to approximate solutions of the stochastic Landau-Lifschitz- Gilbert (LLG) equation in three dimensions. We examine the L2(Ω ) approximation error of the SEI and MSEI schemes numerically and we prove analytically that MSEI achieves a higher order of convergence than SEI. We generalise SEI so that it is suited not only for Stratonovich SDEs, but also for It^o and for SDEs interpreted by the 'in-between' calculi. Moreover, we provide a general expression for the predictor contained in SEI and we study the theoretical convergence for the generalised version of the scheme. We show that the order of the scheme used in order to obtain the predictor as well as the stochastic integral interpretation do not affect the overall order of the scheme. We extend the convergence results for SEI to a space-time context by considering a second order semilinear Stratonovich SPDE with multiplicative noise. We discretise in space with the nite element method and we use SEI for discretising in time. We consider the case where we have trace class noise and we examine analytically the strong order of convergence for SEI. We implement SEI as a time discretisation scheme and present the results when simulating SPDEs with stochastic travelling wave solutions. Then, we use an alternative method, called 'freezing' method, for approximating wave solutions and estimating the speed of the waves for the stochastic Nagumo and FitzHugh-Nagumo models. The wave position and hence the speed is found by minimising the L2 distance between a reference function and the travelling wave. While the results obtained from the two different approaches agree, we observe that the behaviour of the wave solution is captured in a smaller computational domain, when we use the freezing method, making it more efficient for long time simulations.

In the last 30 to 40 years, many researchers have combined to build the knowledge base of theory and solution techniques that can be applied to the case of differential equations which include the effects of noise. This class of ``noisy'' differential equations is now known as stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Markov diffusion processes are included within the field of SDEs through the drift and diffusion components of the Itô form of an SDE. When these drift and diffusion components are moderately smooth functions, then the processes' transition probability densities satisfy the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov (FPK) equation -- an ordinary partial differential equation (PDE). Thus there is a mathematical inter-relationship that allows solutions of SDEs to be determined from the solution of a noise free differential equation which has been extensively studied since the 1920s. The main numerical solution technique employed to solve the FPK equation is the classical Finite Element Method (FEM). The FEM is of particular importance to engineers when used to solve FPK systems that describe noisy oscillators. The FEM is a powerful tool but is limited in that it is cumbersome when applied to multidimensional systems and can lead to large and complex matrix systems with their inherent solution and storage problems. I show in this thesis that the stochastic Taylor series (TS) based time discretisation approach to the solution of SDEs is an efficient and accurate technique that provides transition and steady state solutions to the associated FPK equation. The TS approach to the solution of SDEs has certain advantages over the classical techniques. These advantages include their ability to effectively tackle stiff systems, their simplicity of derivation and their ease of implementation and re-use. Unlike the FEM approach, which is difficult to apply in even only two dimensions, the simplicity of the TS approach is independant of the dimension of the system under investigation. Their main disadvantage, that of requiring a large number of simulations and the associated CPU requirements, is countered by their underlying structure which makes them perfectly suited for use on the now prevalent parallel or distributed processing systems. In summary, l will compare the TS solution of SDEs to the solution of the associated FPK equations using the classical FEM technique. One, two and three dimensional FPK systems that describe noisy oscillators have been chosen for the analysis. As higher dimensional FPK systems are rarely mentioned in the literature, the TS approach will be extended to essentially infinite dimensional systems through the solution of stochastic PDEs. In making these comparisons, the advantages of modern computing tools such as computer algebra systems and simulation software, when used as an adjunct to the solution of SDEs or their associated FPK equations, are demonstrated.

Розглядаються питання досягнення цілей сталого розвитку відповідно до якості освіти.<br>Рассматриваются вопросы достижения целей устойчивого развития в соответствии с качеством образования.<br>The issues of achieving the goals of sustainable development in accordance with the quality of education are considered.

In 2015 the 17 Sustainable Development Goals were adopted by 193 member states of the United Nations. The SDGs are highly ambitious and their underlying processes are interconnected by causal relationships. Work towards fulfilling them therefore requires considering how solutions for one goal will impacts others. In this study target-oriented backcasting is applied to examine set goals in the future, as well as to determine the current state and trends of development. This is done in an effort to determine conflicts between targets and resource limitations of future development. The findings suggest that the current paradigm of giving GDP growth highest societal priority, leads to a causal relationship where development occurs at the expense of sustainability at the global level. In order to overcome this, the fulfilment of the SDGs has to be given higher priority than the size and growth rate of the GDP.<br>Under 2015 antogs de 17 globala hållbarhetsmålen av 193 medlemsstater i Förenta Nationerna. Målen är väldigt ambitiösa och deras underliggande processer sammanlänkar dem via orsakssamband. Arbetet med att uppfylla målen kräver därför att hänsyn tas till hur tänkta lösningar till ett mål i sin tur påverkar de övriga. I den här studien tillämpas target-oriented backcasting för att undersöka de uppsatta framtida målen, samt hur utvecklingen i dagsläget förhåller sig till dessa. Detta görs som ett försök att identifiera konflikter mellan de uppsatta målen, samt mot den begränsade mängden naturresurser som finns tillgänglig för framtida utveckling. Resultaten tyder på att under det rådande paradigmet där BNP tillväxt ges högsta prioritet i samhället, leder detta till ett orsakssamband där samhällsutveckling sker på bekostnad av långsiktig hållbarhet på global nivå. För att kunna komma runt detta krävs att uppfyllandet av de globala hållbarhetsmålen prioriteras över ekonomins storlek och tillväxt avseende BNP.

I use single-epoch, SDSS spectroscopy of RR Lyraes identified in the Catalina survey to separate the spectra into same-temperature groups. Then I draw temperature-phase diagrams of the groups. I find shocked stars, improperly phased stars, low amplitude stars, and a few that are more likely eclipsing binaries. The RR Lyraes are then given precise metallicities by measurements of the CaII K and H-β, H-γ, and H-δ lines. This leads to better distance measurements, which allow me to confirm a distinction between the inner and outer galactic halo.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Toledo.<br>Typescript. "A thesis [submitted] as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-99).

Dissertação (mestrado) Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciencias Fisicas e Matematicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-16T04:35:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-08T17:10:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 82128.pdf: 1863688 bytes, checksum: 59152695215c6c861fa76c5071a36a9d (MD5)<br>No presente trabalho elaboramos diagramas de fases de sistem liotrópicos, usando como surfactante Decilsulfato de Sódio (SDS). Partindo da concentração de 50%, em peso, de SDS e água tridestilada, determinamos uma concentração particular de existência de liomesofases (42,5% de SDS e 57,5% de H2O). Mantendo a razão da concentração para a formação do sistema ternário. Com base no diagrama de fase do sistema ternário, na região de maior estabilidade do nemático exibido pelo sistema, em temperatura, a razão (SDS + H2O) / DeOH foi escolhida para ser mantida constante quando da adição de Na2SO4, para a formação do sistema quaternário.

APOGEE-2 is a high-resolution, near-infrared spectroscopic survey observing similar to 3. x. 10(5) stars across the entire sky. It is the successor to APOGEE and is part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV). APOGEE-2 is expanding on APOGEE's goals of addressing critical questions of stellar astrophysics, stellar populations, and Galactic chemodynamical evolution using (1) an enhanced set of target types and (2) a second spectrograph at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. APOGEE-2 is targeting red giant branch and red clump stars, RR Lyrae, lowmass dwarf stars, young stellar objects, and numerous other Milky Way and Local Group sources across the entire sky from both hemispheres. In this paper, we describe the APOGEE-2 observational design, target selection catalogs and algorithms, and the targeting-related documentation included in the SDSS data releases.

We consider the numerical approximation of stochastic differential equations interpreted both in the It^o and Stratonovich sense and develop three stochastic time-integration techniques based on the deterministic exponential time differencing schemes. Two of the numerical schemes are suited for the simulations of It^o stochastic ordinary differential equations (SODEs) and they are referred to as the stochastic exponential time differencing schemes, SETD0 and SETD1. The third numerical scheme is a new numerical method we propose for the simulations of Stratonovich SODEs. We call this scheme, the Exponential Stratonovich Integrator (ESI). We investigate numerically the convergence of these three numerical methods, in addition to three standard approximation schemes and also compare the accuracy and efficiency of these schemes. The effect of small noise is also studied. We study the theoretical convergence of the stochastic exponential time differencing scheme (SETD0) for parabolic stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) with infinite-dimensional additive noise and one-dimensional multiplicative noise. We obtain a strong error temporal estimate of O(¢tµ + ²¢tµ + ²2¢t1=2) for SPDEs forced with a one-dimensional multiplicative noise and also obtain a strong error temporal estimate of O(¢tµ + ²2¢t) for SPDEs forced with an infinite-dimensional additive noise. We examine convergence for second-order and fourth-order SPDEs. We consider the effects of spatially correlated and uncorrelated noise on bifurcations for SPDEs. In particular, we study a fourth-order SPDE, the Swift-Hohenberg equation, and allow the control parameter to fluctuate. Numerical simulations show a shift in the pinning region with multiplicative noise.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-03-29T13:02:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 683890 bytes, checksum: 0a793cef55b22424f093f0e99992e623 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-29T13:02:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 683890 bytes, checksum: 0a793cef55b22424f093f0e99992e623 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-29<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The Dissertation study the relations between control theory, stochastic calculus and parabolic partial di erential equations. The aim is to study representations of viscosity solutions for parabolic equations via the Feynman-Kac nonlinear formulas. To this end, the control theory plays an important role in the connection between the stochastic and deterministic approaches.<br>A Disserta c~ao aborda algumas rela c~oes existentes entre teoria de controle, c alculo estoc astico e equa c~oes diferenciais parciais parab olicas. O interesse e estudar representa c~oes de solu c~oes de viscosidade para equa c~oes parab olicas via f ormulas de Feynman-Kac n~ao lineares. Para isso, o ferramental de teoria de controle tem papel importante na conex~ao entre a abordagem estoc astica e determin stica.

Precipitation is responsible for more than 70% of all solids materials produced in chemical industries. The continuous development of the chemical process industry has been accompanied by increasing demands for enhanced product quality such as crystals with a controlled size, shape, purity, and polymorphic form. The aim of the present research is to assess the TiO2 precipitation process in Spinning Disc Reactor (SDRs), where rapid mass and heat transfer rates and mixing intensity in the thin film of liquid produced as a result of centrifugal acceleration facilitate improved methods of rapid precipitation. Macro and micromixing significantly influence reaction kinetics and thus the particle formation as well as the resulting product properties. Hence the objectives of the current research are divided into three main categories. Firstly a fundamental study into the macromixing efficiency of a SDR was undertaken by characterisation of residence time distribution (RTD) of fluid flow in a 30 cm SDR. The main focus of this segment was the study of influence of the hydrodynamic conditions of the thin film flow and disc configurations on the RTD in order to determine the optimal experimental parameters for which near plug flow behaviour prevailed on the spinning disc. RTD parameters such as normalised variance, dispersion number and number of tanks in series were studied under various parameters such as flowrate, rotational speed, fluid viscosity and disc texture (smooth, grooved). The findings showed that the highest macromixing conditions are achieved at higher rotational speeds and higher flowrates with a low viscosity fluid flowing on a grooved disc. The second part of the research investigated a reactive precipitation of TiO2 from acidified water and titanium tetra isopropoxide (TTIP) precursor in 10cm and 30 cm diameter SDRs. The findings demonstrated that smaller particles of less than 1 nm mean diameter with narrower PSDs were generally formed at higher yields at higher disc speeds, higher flowrates and higher flow ratio of water to TTIP precursor on a grooved disc surface, all of which provide the best hydrodynamic conditions for intense micromixing and macromixing in the fluid film travelling across the disc surface. The results also showed that 30 cm SDR was more efficient than 10 cm SDR at producing smaller particles with narrower PSD and higher yield. Finally a population balance model was proposed to evaluate and predict the size distribution of nanoparticles in the SDR. The model accounts for nucleation and growth of the TiO2 nanoparticles, which in turn was validated against the experimental results. Such a model can be employed to optimise operating conditions based on desired product particle size distribution. The present study reveals challenges and opportunities for TiO2 precipitation in SDRs. Currently the precipitation performance is inhibited by the disc material which leads to the precipitate sticking on the disc and also inefficient collector which can result in agglomeration of nanomaterials.

Analytical models and simulations predict a rapid decline in the halo density profile associated with the transition from the "infalling" regime outside the halo to the "collapsed" regime within the halo. Using data from SDSS, we explore evidence for such a feature in the density profiles of galaxy clusters using several different approaches. We first estimate the steepening of the outer galaxy density profile around clusters, finding evidence for truncation of the halo profile. Next, we measure the galaxy density profile around clusters using two sets of galaxies selected on color. We find evidence of an abrupt change in galaxy colors that coincides with the location of the steepening of the density profile. Since galaxies that have completed orbits within the cluster are more likely to be quenched of star formation and thus appear redder, this abrupt change in galaxy color can be associated with the transition from single-stream to multi-stream regimes. We also use a standard model comparison approach to measure evidence for a " splashback"-like feature, but find that this approach is very sensitive to modeling assumptions. Finally, we perform measurements using an independent cluster catalog to test for potential systematic errors associated with cluster selection. We identify several avenues for future work: improved understanding of the small-scale galaxy profile, lensing measurements, identification of proxies for the halo accretion rate, and other tests. With upcoming data from the DES, KiDS, and HSC surveys, we can expect significant improvements in the study of halo boundaries.

The forestry sector in Italy had some problems in the last years: the general abandonment of mountains caused the uncontrolled growth of forests and some problems on their management for preventing hazards like wildfires, the increase of forest work salaries and the decrease of wood value, the concurrence of eastside European countries, the forest certification which protected more the ecological function of forests than their economical value, the increment of social and natural functions of forests as the carbon sinks. All these factors influenced the way of planning cuttings inside forests to the point that sometimes, due to technical difficulties or low wood value and amount, they are not economical and they are not done. But now, the increasing interest of the use of wood for heating or building purposes may increase again the demand and the value of this material. The Forest Operations Planning model helps the forester making decisions about which skidding system is the most viable according to stand assessmental data and geography. The model may also highlight areas which have low forest roads density. The skidding operations have high influence on the total cutting costs so the model considers only the skidding operation, the user will add unit costs for felling operations according to the system used (usually chainsaw or harvester). Five systems are here considered: the tractor with winch or skidder, the forwarder, the cable forwarder and two aerial systems, the mobile tower and the sledge yarder cable cranes. The model was built on a GIS environment with the ArcGis ModelBuilder. It is practically a tool which can be shared with other researchers and modified according to any needs. The input files required to run the model are five: the Digital Terrain Model, the soil classification or stability, the average yearly amount of rain, the forest road network and the assessmental forest stand data. The model was validated comparing results with real working sites done inside the study area or comparing results with other models on different study area. The model evaluation was done checking the influence of parameter variation on output results. The model outputs are several grid maps showing the feasible working area of each system, the technical and optimized distribution of systems with costs (evaluated cell-by-cell and per cubic meter). The statistic tools allow to make stand reports and deep analysis. Comparing model outputs it is possible to evaluate the accessibility of forest and plan the building of new roads to improve the infrastructure and reduce the skidding costs. At the end, two practical examples are reported and some discussion are done about the input data quality and a more site-specific planning.

Le travail de ma thèse s'est concentré sur l'extraction du signal laissé par les BAO dans la distribution des galaxies. Celui se présente sous forme d'un pic autour de 150 Mpc dans la fonction de corrélation à deux point de la matière. Cette échelle correspond à la distance parcourue par l'onde acoustique dans le fuide matière-radiation entre la période d'égalité matière-radiation et leur découplage à z ∼ 1100. Il en résulte une sur-densité à cette échelle autour de chaque perturbation primordiale. Le but de mon travail était d'efectuer une analyse complète sur les données prises par la collaboration SDSS III/BOSS jusqu'à l'été 2011 afin d'apporter des contraintes sur les paramètres caractérisant l'énergie noire, w0 et wa . On veut savoir si ces observations sont consistantes avec la fameuse constante cosmologique (w0 = 1 et wa = 0) ou si l'équation d'état de l'énergie noire évolue avec le temps (wa ̸= 0) impliquant alors des scénarios bien plus complexes pour cette composante. Pour y arriver, j'ai étudié et testé les outils d'analyse avec des simulations log-normal ainsi qu'avec les données publiques du DR7 de SDSS. J'ai étudié les effets de distorsion des redshifts dans le régime linéaire avec des simulations et j'ai développé une méthode d'optimisation d'estimateur de fonction de corrélation. Dans un second temps j'ai réalisé l'analyse complète des données BOSS-CMASS, qui utilise les galaxies elliptiques très lumineuses (LRGs), depuis la construction du catalogue jusqu'à l'obtention des contraintes cosmologique en passant par la correction des effets systématiques.

Die weltweite Inanspruchnahme von natürlichen Böden für Siedlungs- und Verkehrszwecke ist weiterhin hoch. Das gilt auch für Deutschland, wo es noch immer nicht gelungen ist, die Flächenneuinanspruchnahme von der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung zu entkoppeln. Das aber ist Ziel einer Flächenkreislaufwirtschaft mit einem Null-Hektar-Flächenverbrauch, wie sie die Bundesregierung in ihrem Klimaschutzplan 2050 anstrebt. Die IÖR-Veröffentlichungsreihe Flächennutzungsmonitoring informiert über Ursachen, Wirkungen, indikatorbasierte Beschreibung von Stand und Entwicklung, Prognosen sowie Best-Practice-Beispielen einer nachhaltigen Flächenhaushaltspolitik. Damit sollen der Praxis Informationen an die Hand gegeben werden, um dem Flächenverbrauch, der Bodenversiegelung, der Zersiedelung und der Landschaftszerschneidung wirksam zu begegnen. Dazu werden aktuelle Ergebnisse aus Wissenschaft und Praxis vorgestellt, die auf dem Dresdner Flächennutzungssymposium 2020 präsentiert und diskutiert wurden. Der vorliegende Band fokussiert auf die Themen Flächenpolitik, Flächenmanagement, Flächenmonitoring, SDG-Indikatoren, Ökosystemmonitoring sowie neue Analysenmöglichkeiten durch neue Daten.

Il presente lavoro di tesi di laurea, intitolato “La sostenibilità all’interno delle aziende: l’importanza del recepimento degli SDGs”, nasce dalla volontà di approfondire il livello di concepimento da parte delle aziende circa il tema della sostenibilità, che, a oggi, rappresenta un argomento sempre più rilevante. L’attenzione viene focalizzata principalmente sul recepimento, da parte di queste, dell’importanza dell’integrazione dei Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) all’interno dei propri processi decisionali e strategici. Per poter arrivare a discutere della sostenibilità all’interno delle aziende, del passaggio dalla mera filantropia al creating shared value, è necessario comprendere cosa si intenda per “sostenibilità” e quale sia stata la strada percorsa, a livello internazionale, per raggiungere la sua odierna considerazione. Un momento di svolta per il perseguimento dello sviluppo sostenibile è rappresentato dalla pubblicazione da parte dell’Assemblea Generale delle Nazioni Unite del documento “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, che delinea un piano di azioni per le persone, il pianeta e la prosperità e, grazie agli SDGs in essa contenuti, fornisce una linea guida a disposizione della collettività per raggiungere uno sviluppo sostenibile. L’attenzione con l’ultimo capitolo viene posta sugli strumenti a disposizione delle aziende per monitorare e verificare il proprio livello di sostenibilità. Infine, attraverso l’analisi dei documenti di natura non finanziaria di tre aziende italiane appartenenti al settore “textile”, si confronterà il recepimento degli SDGs da parte di queste realtà imprenditoriali.

Cette thèse traite d'une part, de questions de gestion, de mesure et de transfert du risque et d'autre part, de problèmes d'analyse stochastique à sauts avec incertitude de modèle. Le premier chapitre est consacré à l'analyse des intégrales de Choquet, comme mesures de risque monétaires non nécessairement invariantes en loi. Nous établissons d'abord un nouveau résultat de représentation des mesures de risque comonotones, puis un résultat de représentation des intégrales de Choquet en introduisant la notion de distorsion locale. Ceci nous permet de donner ensuite une forme explicite à l'inf-convolution de deux intégrales de Choquet, avec des exemples illustrant l'impact de l'absence de la propriété d'invariance en loi. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à un problème de tarification d'un contrat de réassurance non proportionnelle, contenant des clauses de reconstitution. Après avoir défini le prix d'indifférence relatif à la fois à une fonction d'utilité et à une mesure de risque, nous l'encadrons par des valeurs facilement implémentables. Nous passons alors à un cadre dynamique en temps. Pour cela, nous montrons, en adoptant une approche par point fixe, un théorème d'existence de solutions bornées pour une classe d'équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades (EDSRs dans la suite) avec sauts et à croissance quadratique. Sous une hypothèse additionnelle classique dans le cadre à sauts, ou sous une hypothèse de convexité du géKazi-Taninérateur, nous établissons un résultat d'unicité grâce à un principe de comparaison. Nous analysons les propriétés des espérances non linéaires correspondantes. En particulier, nous obtenons une décomposition de Doob-Meyer des surmartingales non-linéaires ainsi que leur régularité en temps. En conséquence, nous en déduisons facilement un principe de comparaison inverse. Nous appliquons ces résultats à l'étude des mesures de risque dynamiques associées, sur une filtration engendrée à la fois par un mouvement brownien et par une mesure aléatoire à valeurs entières, à leur repésentation duale, ainsi qu'à leur inf-convolution, avec des exemples explicites. La seconde partie de cette thèse concerne l'analyse de l'incertitude de modèle, dans le cas particulier des EDSRs du second ordre avec sauts. Nous imposons que ces équations aient lieu au sens presque-sûr, pour toute une famille non dominée de mesures de probabilités qui sont solution d'un problème de martingales sur l'espace de Skorohod. Nous étendons d'abord la définition des EDSRs du second ordre, telles que définies par Soner, Touzi et Zhang, au cas avec sauts. Pour ce faire, nous démontrons un résultat d'agrégation au sens de Soner, Touzi et Zhang sur l'espace des trajectoires càdlàg. Ceci nous permet, entre autres, d'utiliser une version quasi-sûre du compensateur de la mesure des sauts du processus canonique. Nous montrons alors un résultat d'existence et d'unicité pour notre classe d'EDSRs du second ordre. Ces équations sont affectées par l'incertitude portant à la fois sur la volatilité et sur les sauts du processus qui les dirige<br>This PhD dissertation deals with issues in management, measure and transfer of risk on the one hand and with problems of stochastic analysis with jumps under model uncertainty on the other hand. The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis of Choquet integrals, as non necessarily law invariant monetary risk measures. We first establish a new representation result of convex comonotone risk measures, then a representation result of Choquet integrals by introducing the notion of local distortion. This allows us then to compute in an explicit manner the inf-convolution of two Choquet integrals, with examples illustrating the impact of the absence of the law invariance property. Then we focus on a non-proportional reinsurance pricing problem, for a contract with reinstatements. After defining the indifference price with respect to both a utility function and a risk measure, we prove that is is contained in some interval whose bounds are easily calculable. Then we pursue our study in a time dynamic setting. We prove the existence of bounded solutions of quadratic backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs for short) with jumps, using a direct fixed point approach. Under an additional standard assumption, or under a convexity assumption of the generator, we prove a uniqueness result, thanks to a comparison theorem. Then we study the properties of the corresponding non-linear expectations, we obtain in particular a non linear Doob-Meyer decomposition for g-submartingales and their regularity in time. As a consequence of this results, we obtain a converse comparison theorem for our class of BSDEs. We give applications for dynamic risk measures and their dual representation, and compute their inf-convolution, with some explicit examples, when the filtration is generated by both a Brownian motion and an integer valued random measure. The second part of this PhD dissertation is concerned with the analysis of model uncertainty, in the particular case of second order BSDEs with jumps. These equations hold P-almost surely, where P lies in a wide family of probability measures, corresponding to solutions of some martingale problems on the Skorohod space of càdlàg paths. We first extend the definition given by Soner, Touzi and Zhang of second order BSDEs to the case with jumps. For this purpose, we prove an aggregation result, in the sense of Soner, Touzi and Zhang, on the Skorohod space D. This allows us to use a quasi-sure version of the canonical process jump measure compensator. Then we prove a wellposedness result for our class of second order BSDEs. These equations include model uncertainty, affecting both the volatility and the jump measure of the canonical process

The importance of interactions between transmembrane domains of integral membrane proteins has been well-established in a range of essential cellular functions. Most integral membrane proteins also possess regions that lie on the exterior of the membrane that may influence the ability of these transmembrane domains to interact. We sought to test this hypothesis by quantifying the energetics of transmembrane helix self-association in the absence and presence of an amphipathic helix that can bind to the membrane surface. The model chosen for this study was the major coat protein (MCP) of M13 bacteriophage, which has an N-terminal amphipathic helix linked to its single transmembrane segment via a flexible linker. Dimerization of both full-length MCP and a peptide containing only the transmembrane domain (MCPTM) was studied by solution NMR in SDS micelles. We found that there was an increase in the apparent dimerization affinity in the absence of the N-terminal helix. However, this increase in apparent affinity could be attributed to differences in detergent-binding properties of the two polypeptides in monomeric versus dimeric states when the empty micelle was considered to be a participant in the dimer dissociation. Preliminary results from the integral membrane protein, p7 of the hepatitis C virus are also presented in this thesis. It has been demonstrated that p7 enhances viral infectivity and accumulation, and that this function may require oligomerization in the membrane. While we encountered limitations due to challenges in the generation of sufficient quantities of pure p7 samples, we were able to perform circular dichroism spectroscopy under conditions that may favor different oligomeric states. These studies suggest that there is a change in the degree of helicity upon oligomerization, and suggest that SDS could be a suitable system to characterize the interactions of the p7 oligomer in the future.

In the work we estimate the rate of convergence of the Wong-Zakai type of approximations for SDEs and SPDEs. Two cases are studied: SDEs in finite dimensional settings and evolution stochastic systems (SDEs in the infinite dimensional case). The latter result is applied to the second order SPDEs of parabolic type and the filtering problem. Roughly, the result is the following. Let Wn be a sequence of continuous stochastic processes of finite variation on an interval [0, T]. Assume that for some a > 0 the processes Wn converge almost surely in the supremum norm in [0, T] to W with the rate n-k for each k < a. Then the solutions Un of the differential equations with Wn converge almost surely in the supremum norm in [0, T] to the solution u of the "Stratonovich" SDE with W with the same rate of convergence, n-k for each k < a, in the case of SDEs and with the rate of convergence n-k/2 for each k < a, in the case of evolution systems and SPDEs. In the final chapter we verify that the two most common approximations of the Wiener process, smoothing and polygonal approximation, satisfy the assumptions made in the previous chapters.

This thesis presents a study of galaxy evolution in the local universe. I study how environments shape the structures of galaxies, and how internal and external processes affect star formation. I perform four investigations of galaxy properties: a study of the relations between size, mass and velocity dispersion of 124,524 galaxies from SDSS DR7; I estimate star formation rates using H_α and D_n4000 for galaxies in the MaNGA survey; a study of the spatial distribution of star formation in 1494 MaNGA galaxies; and finally, a study of 215 barred and 402 unbarred galaxies, to investigate how bars affect star formation. I find that environment plays a key role in the evolution of galaxies, both structurally and in terms of their star formation. Using core velocity dispersion to study the effects of minor mergers and tidal/ram pressure stripping, I find that central galaxies are up to 30% larger and more massive than satellites. I suggest that minor mergers play a crucial role in the increase in size and mass of centrals. In addition, I find that satellites have a uniform radial suppression of star formation, compared to centrals, which may be due to the strangulation of their cold gas supplies. I study the internal processes that affect star formation and find that specific star formation rate is suppressed at all radii for high mass galaxies. Massive galaxies are more likely to have suppressed star formation in their cores, which I determined is caused by a combination of morphological quenching and AGN feedback. Finally, I study the role of galaxy bars in regulating the cirumnuclear and disk star formation in late-type galaxies. I find that barred galaxies have lower star formation in their disks than unbarred galaxies, and that they are more likely to have enhanced star formation in their cores.

Negli ultimi anni, la sostenibilità è diventata una tematica sempre più importante e argomento di discussione per molte persone. L’Università di Bologna ha contribuito all’informazione e l’educazione dei propri studenti riguardo alla sostenibilità, in particolare porta avanti insegnamenti e progetti di ricerca basati sugli obiettivi dello sviluppo sostenibile. Questi ultimi sono anche chiamati SDGs, acronimo di Sustainable Development Goals, e descrivono i 17 obiettivi stilati nell’Agenda 2030, un programma definito e pubblicato dall’ONU che si ha l’intento di portare a compimento entro l’anno 2030. Dall’opportunità data dalla progettazione del parco pubblico, che si troverà a fianco del nuovo campus universitario di Cesena, è nato il seguente progetto di tesi. Il progetto ha come obiettivo lo sviluppo di un’applicazione mobile con funzionalità di realtà aumentata per la sensibilizzazione ai SDGs. L’augmented reality (AR) ha negli ultimi anni compiuto passi giganteschi, riuscendo ad inoltrarsi in diversi ambiti, come ad esempio quello ludico, lavorativo e sportivo. Oltre a quelli appena citati, l’AR viene utilizzata nel contesto scolastico ed educativo, dove si dimostra essere utile e dilettevole. Per la realizzazione dell’app si è deciso di utilizzare React Native. Questo framework permette di implementare applicazioni mobile native sia per il sistema operativo Android che iOS con la scrittura di un unico codice sorgente. React Native permette quindi una riduzione considerevole del tempo di sviluppo mantenendo contemporaneamente prestazioni elevate dell’applicazione.

Den här studien för samman Karen Stenners politisk-psykologiska teori om den "auktoritära dynamiken" med Robert Putnams teorier om social tillit. I Sverige är forskning inom politisk psykologi eftersatt, vilket mycket väl kan vara en anledning till att vi fortfarande har så svårt att dechiffrera vissa aspekter av SD:s framgångar. Flera nyligen publicerade undersökningar har i samband med det amerikanska presidentvalet uppmärksammat ett starkt samband mellan auktoritära väljare och stöd för Donald Trump. En auktoritär person definieras av en preferens för hierarkier, ordning och konventionalism, vilket under särskilda omständigheter kan resultera i en aggressiv attityd och intolerans gentemot avvikare. Den här kvantitativa studien undersöker om kopplingen mellan en auktoritär psykologisk läggning och stöd för SD är signifikant även i det svenska sammanhanget. Med hjälp av en serie regressionsanalyser finner den här undersökningen tydligt stöd för teorin om den auktoritära dynamiken - väljare med auktoritära böjelser är en potentiellt viktig delförklaring till SD:s fortsatt starka väljarstöd. Resultaten kopplas sen ihop med existentiella och sociologiska diskussioner om mänsklig gemenskap och social isolering. Undersökningen visar att väljare som inte är föreningsaktiva eller religiösa i mycket hög utsträckning röstar på Sverigedemokraterna. För den som känner sig frånkopplad kan SD erbjuda en annan sorts gemenskap och tillhörighet – nationalismen. Studien finner att det här i synnerhet gäller väljare som har en auktoritär böjelse, och därmed ofta fäster vikt vid gruppidentiteter snarare än vid individen. Undersökningen bidrar därmed med en ny förståelse av SD:s framgångar i opinionen.<br>This study tests Karen Stenner's theory of "The Authoritarian Dynamic" on voters of Swedish populist radical right party. It finds that the theory is highly applicable in the Swedish context; authoritarian voters turn out in large numbers for the Sweden Democrats. Voters with an authoritarian predisposition, meaning they value order and hierarchy in society, have to a large extent become activated in Sweden, rendering intolerant and aggressive behaviour. For authoritarians with low trust in the Swedish parliament this effect was particularly evident. Furthermore, the study finds that religious voters are far less likely to vote for the radical right. Lastly, an investigation into free time organisational activities of the Swedes is conducted. The result of this last study is that voters who are not active in any kind of organisation (sport clubs, choirs, religious communities) are more receptive to the message of the Sweden Democrats. The author's theory, with reference to the aforementioned, holds that a lacking sense of belonging and purpose are key factors driving support for the Sweden Democrats. This is particularly true for the authoritarian voters, who are often more prone to think in collective identities rather than in individual ones. The study attempts to fuse the political psychological theories of Karen Stenner with Robert Putnam's theory of social trust. Based on data from World Values Survey it finds robust statistical evidence for this connection.

SkyServer, the Internet portal for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) catalog, provides a set of tools that allows data access for astronomers and scientific education. One of the available interfaces allows users to enter ad-hoc SQL statements to query the catalog, and has logged over 280 million queries since 2001. To assess and investigate usage behavior, log analyses were performed after the 5$^{th}$ and 10$^{th}$ year of the portal being in production. Such analyses, however, focused on the HTTP access, and just simple information for the database usage. This work aims to apply text mining techniques over the SQL logs to define a methodology to parse, clean and tokenize statements into an intermediate numerical representation for data mining and knowledge discovery, which can provide deeper analysis over SQL usage, and also has a number of foreseen applications in database optimization and improving user experience.<br>SkyServer, o portal de Internet para o catálogo \emph{Sloan Digital Sky Survey} (SDSS), fornece um conjunto de ferramentas que permitem acesso a dados para astrônomos e para educação científica. Uma das interfaces disponíveis permite a inserção de instruções SQL ad-hoc para consultar o catálogo, e já recebeu mais de 280 milhões de consultas desde 2001. Para avaliar e investigar o comportamento de uso, análises de log foram realizadas após o 5$^{o}$ e 10$^{o}$ ano de vida do portal. Tais análises, no entanto, focaram no acesso HTTP, e apenas informações básicas de utlização do banco de dados. Este trabalho tem por objetivo aplicar técnicas de mineração de texto sobre os logs SQL com o intuito de definir uma metodologia para analisar, limpar e dividir em símbolos tais declarações em uma representação numérica intermediária para posterior mineração de dados e extração de conhecimento; possibilitando análises mais profundas sobre o uso de SQL, e também aplicações previstas em otimização de banco de dados e para melhora de experiência de usuário.

We perform a measurement of the mass-richness relation of the redMaPPer galaxy cluster catalogue using weak lensing data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We have carefully characterized a broad range of systematic uncertainties, including shear calibration errors, photo-z biases, dilution by member galaxies, source obscuration, magnification bias, incorrect assumptions about cluster mass profiles, cluster centring, halo triaxiality and projection effects. We also compare measurements of the lensing signal from two independently produced shear and photometric redshift catalogues to characterize systematic errors in the lensing signal itself. Using a sample of 5570 clusters from 0.1 <= z <= 0.33, the normalization of our power-law mass versus. relation is log(10)[M-200m/ h-M-1(circle dot)] = 14.344 +/- 0.021 (statistical) +/- 0.023 (systematic) at a richness lambda= 40, a 7 per cent calibration uncertainty, with a power-law index of 1.33(- 0.10)(+0.09) (1 sigma). The detailed systematics characterization in this work renders it the definitive weak lensing mass calibration for SDSS redMaPPer clusters at this time.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a well-known and comprehensive framework for sustainable development. However due to the overlapping and interrelated nature of the goals, action towards one goal can positively or negatively contribute to another.Social innovation hubs including Impact Hub and Centre for Social Innovation use the SDGs to support social entrepreneurs to have a positive impact. Document analysis and interviews with 15 practitioners from these hubs informed the research on how the organizations perceive and contribute to sustainability, how they integrate the SDGs, and the challenges and benefits with using the SDGs. Based on that, this research has developed five recommendations for social innovation hubs to: 1) Define Sustainability; 2) Enhance Visioning; 3) Design co-creative programs; 4) Define Impact;and 5) Communicate Impact. While other elements of the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) could be used to complement the SDGs, the Sustainability Principles (SPs) of the FSSD are recommended as a definition for sustainability.

It is a growing belief that transitioning towards sustainable cities requires a wide citizen engagement, yet many local governments are not able to define how citizen engagement should be done. This research was conducted to assess municipalities’ effort in engaging citizens when working for sustainability. This study focuses on creating a strategic guide for municipalities to use when engaging citizens to work with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A systemic analysis approach was selected to examine the SDGs through the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development, followed by a Value Stream Analysis for the SDGs. Then a mapping method used, where each SDG was linked to a level of citizen engagement on Arnstein’s ladder for citizen engagement (1969). A group interview for practitioners was held in Karlskrona Municipality in Sweden for an evaluation purpose. The results revealed a risk of misalignment for some SDGs, a relational matrix map was created where each SDG was related to a level of Arnstein’s ladder in a graphic visual, which can be used by the municipality as guide to choose the level of engagement for each SDG. A set of insights were revealed concerning the enablers and barriers for citizen engagement in municipal context.

Die Erreichung der Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung (SDGs) erfordert strategische Maßnahmen, deren Identifizierung von anderen abhängt, gesellschaftliches Engagement und soziales Lernen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, pädagogische Werkzeuge zu entwickeln und pädagogische Prozesse zu verbessern, die das soziale Lernen verbessern, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Verwirklichung der SDGs 2 und 13. Diese kumulative Dissertation präsentiert vier von Experten begutachtete Artikel. Die Arbeit wurde in drei komplementären methodischen Phasen abgeschlossen. Die wichtigsten Schlussfolgerungen sind wie folgt zusammengefasst: Der konstruktivistische pädagogische Rahmen ist geeignet, ein pädagogisches Instrument zur Verbesserung des sozialen Lernens in SDG-Projekten zu operationalisieren. Dieser Befund trägt nicht nur zu einem besseren Verständnis von Mechanismen bei, die soziales Lernen fördern, sondern stellt auch einen Fortschritt in den theoretischen Verbindungen zwischen sozialem Lernen und den Theorien von Habermas und Freire dar. Der soziale Lernprozess ist nach drei Hauptschritten möglich. Der primäre pädagogische Schritt für soziale Lernprozesse in SDG-Projekten besteht darin, dieses gemeinschaftliche Wissen und mentale Systeme genau zu identifizieren und zu erkennen (Publikation 1 und 2). Der zweite pädagogische Schritt betrifft dann die Entwicklung lokaler Lösungen durch die Mitglieder der Gemeinschaft auf der Grundlage eines kritischen Verständnisses ihrer eigenen Lebensbedingungen (Kodifikations- und Dekodifizierungsprozess, der auf der Transformation von mentalen Schemata) (Publikation 3). Ein dritter Schritt zur Förderung von SDG-Projekten, die soziales Lernen fördern, ist der Vergleich der Wahrnehmungen der Gemeinschaft und der Forschungsexperten zu SDG-Strategien. Dies sind Ergänzungen, um mögliche Auswirkungen von Projektstrategien zu bewerten, die den deliberativen Charakter des sozialen Lernens verbessern (Publikation 4).<br>Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires taking strategic actions, the identification of which depends, among others, on community engagement, and social learning. The objective of this work was to develop educational tools and improve pedagogical processes that enhance social learning, with particular regard to realizing SDGs 2 and 13 (food security and climate change actions). This cumulative dissertation presents four peer-reviewed articles. The work was completed across three complementary methodological phases, and the field research was embedded in three international projects in Latin America and Africa. The main conclusions are summarized as follows: The constructivist pedagogical frame is appropriate for operationalizing an educational tool to enhance social learning in SDGs projects. This finding not only contributes to better understand the mechanisms that enhance social learning, but also represents an advance in the theoretical links between social learning and the Habermas and Freire theories. The social learning process is possible following three main steps. The primary pedagogical step for social learning processes in SDGs projects is to identify and recognize this community knowledge and mental schemes accurately (article 1 and 2). Then, the second pedagogical step concerns the development of local solutions by community members based on a critical understanding of their own life conditions (Codification and Decodification process based on mental schemes transformation). Therefore, through a process Conscientization, a reframing of the community’s future can be created, potentially increasing ownership (article 3). Finally, a third step to promote SDGs projects enhancing social learning is to compare the perceptions of the community and research experts regarding SDG strategies. These are complements to evaluate potential effects of project strategies enhancing the deliberative character of social learning (article 4).<br>El logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) requiere la adopción de acciones estratégicas, cuya identificación depende, entre otras cosas, del compromiso de la comunidad y el aprendizaje social. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar herramientas educativas y mejorar los procesos pedagógicos que mejoran el aprendizaje social, con especial atención al cumplimiento de los ODS 2 y 13 (acciones de seguridad alimentaria y cambio climático). Esta disertación acumulativa presenta cuatro artículos revisados por pares. El trabajo se completó en tres fases metodológicas complementarias y la investigación de campo se basa en tres proyectos internacionales en América Latina y África. Las principales conclusiones se resumen a continuación: El marco pedagógico constructivista es apropiado para la puesta en práctica de una herramienta educativa para mejorar el aprendizaje social en los proyectos de los ODS. Este hallazgo no solo contribuye a comprender mejor los mecanismos que mejoran el aprendizaje social, sino que también representa un avance en los vínculos teóricos entre el aprendizaje social y las teorías de Habermas y Freire. El proceso de aprendizaje social es posible siguiendo tres pasos principales. El primer paso pedagógico para los procesos de aprendizaje social en los proyectos de los ODS es identificar y reconocer con precisión el conocimiento de la comunidad y los esquemas mentales (artículos 1 y 2). Luego, el segundo paso pedagógico se refiere al desarrollo de soluciones locales por parte de los miembros de la comunidad sobre la base de una comprensión crítica de sus propias condiciones de vida (proceso de Codificación y Decodificación basado en la transformación de esquemas mentales). Por lo tanto, a través de un proceso de Concientización, se puede crear un replanteamiento del futuro de la comunidad, lo que podría aumentar la apropiación (artículo 3). Finalmente, un tercer paso para promover proyectos de ODS que mejoren el aprendizaje social es comparar las percepciones de la comunidad y los expertos en investigación con respecto a las estrategias de los ODS. Estos son complementos para evaluar los efectos potenciales de las estrategias del proyecto que mejoran el carácter deliberativo del aprendizaje social (artículo 4).