Academic literature on the topic 'Sea anemone; Taxonomy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sea anemone; Taxonomy"
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Chintiroglou, Chariton C., and Panagiotis Karalis. "Biometric investigations on the cnidae of the Aegean colour morphs of Anemonia viridis." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 3 (2000): 543–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400002241.
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The sea anemone Anemonia viridis is one of the most common species of the North Aegean Sea. The variety in colour morphs exhibited by this species, causes problems to taxonomy and ecology, and suggests that A. viridis should be subdivided into two distinct species according to the colour of the individuals. The approach used in this study was based on the biometrical cnidae characteristics of the two colour morphs (rustica and smaragdina), as it is known that cnidae biometry has been used as a taxonomic tool for the phylum Cnidaria. More than 20,000 nematocysts were measured to try and find a correlation between these measurements and some body parameters indicative of the maturity grade of the individuals, as potential taxonomic characteristics. Stable cnidae characteristics of the two different colour morphs were compared. However, they differed only in the biometry of the tentacles' a-basitrichs. This slight difference does not support the proposal to subdivide Anemonia viridis into two different species.
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Johansen, Steinar Daae, Sylvia I. Chi, Arseny Dubin, and Tor Erik Jørgensen. "The Mitochondrial Genome of the Sea Anemone Stichodactyla haddoni Reveals Catalytic Introns, Insertion-Like Element, and Unexpected Phylogeny." Life 11, no. 5 (2021): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11050402.
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A hallmark of sea anemone mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) is the presence of complex catalytic group I introns. Here, we report the complete mitogenome and corresponding transcriptome of the carpet sea anemone Stichodactyla haddoni (family Stichodactylidae). The mitogenome is vertebrate-like in size, organization, and gene content. Two mitochondrial genes encoding NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) are interrupted with complex group I introns, and one of the introns (ND5-717) harbors two conventional mitochondrial genes (ND1 and ND3) within its sequence. All the mitochondrial genes, including the group I introns, are expressed at the RNA level. Nonconventional and optional mitochondrial genes are present in the mitogenome of S. haddoni. One of these gene codes for a COI-884 intron homing endonuclease and is organized in-frame with the upstream COI exon. The insertion-like orfA is expressed as RNA and translocated in the mitogenome as compared with other sea anemones. Phylogenetic analyses based on complete nucleotide and derived protein sequences indicate that S. haddoni is embedded within the family Actiniidae, a finding that challenges current taxonomy.
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EASH-LOUCKS, WENDY E., and DAPHNE G. FAUTIN. "Taxonomy and distribution of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) from deep water of the northeastern Pacific." Zootaxa 3375, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3375.1.1.
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Sea anemones sensu lato (members of cnidarian orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) occurring in water of thenortheastern Pacific Ocean greater than 1,000 m (to the abyssal plain) are poorly known. Based on the literature andspecimens we examined in the four largest collections of animals from this area, we estimate that approximately 35 speciesoccur in these deep-water habitats and fewer than half have been documented there. Of the largest and most abundantepibenthic species, based on morphology, we identified two species of Corallimorpharia (both previously known) and 12of Actiniaria (three new). Half the sea anemone species are widely distributed: Actinauge verrillii McMurrich, 1893,Actinoscyphia groendyki n. sp., Actinostola faeculenta (McMurrich, 1893), Bathyphellia australis Dunn, 1983, Liponemabrevicorne (McMurrich, 1893), Metridium farcimen (Brandt, 1835), and Monactis vestita (Gravier, 1918). The others areknown only from the northeastern Pacific Ocean: Corallimorphus pilatus Fautin, White, and Pearson, 2002,Corallimorphus denhartogi Fautin, White, and Pearson, 2002, Anthosactis nomados White, Wakefield Pagels, and Fautin,1999, Bolocera kensmithi n. sp., Paraphelliactis pabista Dunn, 1982, Sagartiogeton californicus (Carlgren, 1940) (forwhich we designate a neotype), and Sicyonis careyi n. sp. A naturally occurring oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) off Oregonis expanding, and the marine life living within its virtually anoxic areas is threatened. Nine of the species we examined occur within the current depth range of the OMZ and may be threatened if the OMZ continues to strengthen and expand.
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Chintiroglou, Charis, and Despina Stefanidou. "Notes on the Sea-Anemone Actinia striata (RIZZI, 1907) (Anthozoa, Cnidaria): Taxonomy, Habitat, Distribution." Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Zoologisches Museum und Institut für Spezielle Zoologie (Berlin) 72, no. 2 (1996): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19960720218.
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Yap, Nicholas Wei Liang, Ria Tan, Clara Lei Xin Yong, Koh Siang Tan, and Danwei Huang. "Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) of Singapore: redescription and taxonomy of Phymanthus pinnulatus Martens in Klunzinger, 1877." ZooKeys 840 (April 17, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.840.31390.
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Despite the ubiquity of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) in tropical ecosystems, our understanding of their biodiversity and taxonomy is limited. Here we re-establish the identity of an intertidal zooxanthellate species, Phymanthuspinnulatus Martens in Klunzinger, 1877. Originally described from a single preserved specimen in the Berlin Museum by CB Klunzinger, his brief footnote lacked crucial details to positively identify the species. Our redescription is based on more than 50 living individuals of P.pinnulatus collected from its type locality, Singapore. These were examined and compared with type materials of the species and its congeners. Specimens of P.pinnulatus differ from syntypes of species described as Phymanthuslevis Kwietniewski, 1898 from Indonesia, as well as Phymanthussansibaricus Carlgren, 1900 and Phymanthusstrandesi Carlgren, 1900, both described from East Africa. Phymanthuspinnulatus was encountered on the lower intertidal, among coral rubble and between rocky crevices. It is vibrantly coloured and has 96 marginal tentacles with branching outgrowths along each, resulting in a ‘frilly’ appearance. The anemone has a flat expanded oral disc, with discal tentacles that are inconspicuous and reduced, unlike syntypes of its congeners. Details of its live appearance, musculature, and cnidom are also provided for the first time. Overall, types of cnidae and capsule sizes differ from other known species of Phymanthus documented elsewhere. It is inferred that P.pinnulatus has a wide distribution that extends eastwards from Singapore, as far as Ambon and the Torres Straits. Some individuals reported as Phymanthusmuscosus Haddon and Shackleton, 1893 and Phymanthusbuitendijki Pax, 1924 are probably P.pinnulatus. This morphological analysis provides new insights into the characters used to delimit P.pinnulatus, clarifies its geographical distribution, and contributes to an ongoing revision of the genus Phymanthus.
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Häussermann, Verena. "Identification and taxonomy of soft-bodied hexacorals exemplified by Chilean sea anemones; including guidelines for sampling, preservation and examination." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 5 (2004): 931–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404010215h.
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The identification of most soft-bodied hexacorals requires morphological and histological examinations of preserved specimens and experience for correct interpretation of the observed features. Poorly preserved or damaged material resulting from improper sampling complicates identification. In many cases the characteristics of the preserved specimens alone do not lead to satisfying results. Living specimens, however, exhibit numerous characteristics which would often allow identification, even in the field. However, most of these characteristics get lost during preservation. Modern techniques and advances in sampling methods allow the acquisition and preservation of a lot of information on the living animal and its habitat.Using Chilean sea anemone species, it is demonstrated how the work with specimens in situ and in vivo can help with identification and reveal important morphological–taxonomical, biological, and ecological information. Whenever possible, this information should be part of species descriptions and should be used to create detailed, reliable, tabular identification keys for the laboratory and field. The examples illustrate the urgent need for modern, comparable re-descriptions. In most parts the protocol also applies to other soft-bodied hexacorals.
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Allcock, A. Louise, Phillip C. Watts, and John P. Thorpe. "Divergence of Nematocysts in Two Colour Morphs of the Intertidal Beadlet Anemone Actinia Equina." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, no. 3 (1998): 821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400044805.
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In the common intertidal sea anemone Actinia equina (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) the morphological plasticity and lack of hard parts has caused considerable debate as to what constitutes a species. Over the last several years genetic studies have indicated that this ‘species’ consists of various separate gene-pools which appear to function as cryptic biological species. Conventional taxonomy has often concentrated on the use of a cnidome, the type, structure and number of nematocysts ('stinging’ cells). However, the usefulness of nematocysts to distinguish among various morphs of A. equina and other anthozoan species has recently been questioned. Here we describe the first detailed study of nematocyst differences between two well characterized genetically differentiated morphs with different coloured pedal discs. Measurements were taken from each type of nematocyst in five different tissues. Contrary to expectations, clear and significant nematocyst differences were found between Actinia with red or pink pedal discs and others with green to grey pedal discs. These findings support previous electrophoretic studies and suggest that quantitative descriptions of the cnidome may accurately identify separate species within other genera of Anthozoa.
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Titus, Benjamin M., Robert Laroche, Estefanía Rodríguez, Herman Wirshing, and Christopher P. Meyer. "Host identity and symbiotic association affects the taxonomic and functional diversity of the clownfish-hosting sea anemone microbiome." Biology Letters 16, no. 2 (2020): 20190738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0738.
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All eukaryotic life engages in symbioses with a diverse community of bacteria that are essential for performing basic life functions. In many cases, eukaryotic organisms form additional symbioses with other macroscopic eukaryotes. The tightly linked physical interactions that characterize many macroscopic symbioses create opportunities for microbial transfer, which likely affects the diversity and function of individual microbiomes, and may ultimately lead to microbiome convergence between distantly related taxa. Here, we sequence the microbiomes of five species of clownfish-hosting sea anemones that co-occur on coral reefs in the Maldives. We test the importance of evolutionary history, clownfish symbiont association, and habitat on the taxonomic and predicted functional diversity of the microbiome, and explore signals of microbiome convergence in anemone taxa that have evolved symbioses with clownfishes independently. Our data indicate that host identity and clownfish association shapes the majority of the taxonomic diversity of the clownfish-hosting sea anemone microbiome, and predicted functional microbial diversity analyses demonstrate a convergence among host anemone microbiomes, which reflect increased functional diversity over individuals that do not host clownfishes. Further, we identify upregulated predicted microbial functions that are likely affected by clownfish presence. Taken together our study potentially reveals an even deeper metabolic coupling between clownfishes and their host anemones, and what could be a previously unknown mutualistic benefit to anemones that are symbiotic with clownfishes.
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Vassallo-Avalos, Aurora, Fabián H. Acuña, Ricardo González-Muñoz, and Gerardo Rivas. "New record of Anthopleura radians Spano & Häussermann, 2017 (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actiniidae) from the Mexican Pacific." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 48, no. 5 (2020): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol48-issue5-fulltext-2418.
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As part of a biodiversity study on intertidal invertebrates, several sea anemones from the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula were collected in June 2016. The taxonomic features of four specimens agree well with those of the species Anthopleura radians, a recently described sea anemone from northern Chile. This study is the first published report on this species outside the range of distribution documented in the original description, including new images of A. radians’ external and internal features and complete characterization of their cnidae. Differences between A. radians from other species of the genus reported from the eastern Pacific are also discussed.
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Brown, Tanya, Christopher Otero, Alejandro Grajales, Estefania Rodriguez, and Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty. "Worldwide exploration of the microbiome harbored by the cnidarian model,Exaiptasia pallida(Agassiz in Verrill, 1864) indicates a lack of bacterial association specificity at a lower taxonomic rank." PeerJ 5 (May 16, 2017): e3235. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3235.
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Examination of host-microbe interactions in early diverging metazoans, such as cnidarians, is of great interest from an evolutionary perspective to understand how host-microbial consortia have evolved. To address this problem, we analyzed whether the bacterial community associated with the cosmopolitan and model sea anemoneExaiptasia pallidashows specific patterns across worldwide populations ranging from the Caribbean Sea, and the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. By comparing sequences of the V1–V3 hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, we revealed that anemones host a complex and diverse microbial community. When examined at the phylum level, bacterial diversity and abundance associated withE. pallidaare broadly conserved across geographic space with samples, containing largelyProteobacteriaandBacteroides.However, the species-level makeup within these phyla differs drastically across space suggesting a high-level core microbiome with local adaptation of the constituents. Indeed, no bacterial OTU was ubiquitously found in all anemones samples. We also revealed changes in the microbial community structure after rearing anemone specimens in captivity within a period of four months. Furthermore, the variation in bacterial community assemblages across geographical locations did not correlate with the composition of microalgalSymbiodiniumsymbionts. Our findings contrast with the postulation that cnidarian hosts might actively select and maintain species-specific microbial communities that could have resulted from an intimate co-evolution process. The fact thatE. pallidais likely an introduced species in most sampled localities suggests that this microbial turnover is a relatively rapid process. Our findings suggest that environmental settings, not host specificity, seem to dictate bacterial community structure associated with this sea anemone. More than maintaining a specific composition of bacterial species some cnidarians associate with a wide range of bacterial species as long as they provide the same physiological benefits towards the maintenance of a healthy host. The examination of the previously uncharacterized bacterial community associated with the cnidarian sea anemone modelE. pallidais the first global-scale study of its kind.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sea anemone; Taxonomy"
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Perrin, Marcus Clive. "Aspects of the ecology and genetics of Actinia colour morphs." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385227.
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Larson, Paul G. "Evolution of Brooding in Sea Anemones: Patterns, Structures, and Taxonomy." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1448278385.
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Hamilton, Natalie. "Peachia chilensis (Carlgren 1931), a redescription of a species of parasitic, burrowing sea anemone, with a revision of Haloclavidae (Gosse 1855)." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1562846968979324.
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Ramos, Manuela Fangueiro. "Sea anemones (Anthozoa: actiniaria) fauna of the North Atlantic deep sea." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3495.
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Mestrado em Ciências das zonas costeiras<br>A dissertação da Tese de Mestrado enquadra-se no âmbito do estudo do
material recolhido durnte as expedições realizadas na Planície Abissal de
Porcupine e no Talude Noroeste Irlandês. Estas expedições integram,
respectivamente, três programas: BENGAL financiado pela UE com o
Programa de Tecnologia e Ciência Marinha (MAST III), PROSPEC e
CARACOLE coordenados pelo IFREMER.
O objectivo deste trabalho centra-se principalmente no estudo da fauna de
actiniários recolhidos nas campanhas efectuadas durante a época de 1996 a
2001 (PROSPEC- 96; BENGAL - 97/98; CARACOLE - 2001), e na análise
biogeográfica desta fauna profunda do Atlântico Nordeste.
Este estudo contribui com informação sobre 1) novos registos e
redescrições do material recolhido no Nordeste Atlantico; 2) a variabilidade dos
caractéres utilizados para a identificação das espécies, 3) a distribuição
geográfica e batimétrica destas espécies, 4) análises da distribuição dentro da
área de estudo atendendo às variáveis ambientais disponíveis; 5) actualização
de dados taxonómicos e biogeograficos das especies que compõem a fauna
do Ártico, o Norte Atlântico (Nordeste e Noroeste Atlântico, Lusitâneo e
Mauritâneo) e o Mediterrâneo; e 6) a composição e afinidades faunísticas na
comparação com outras áreas biogeográficas do Norte Atlântico. Neste
contexto, foi discutida a origem da fauna de anemonas de oceano profundo.<br>This Master thesis is integrated in the study of the deep-sea fauna collected
during expeditions carried out in the Porcupine Abyssal Plain and the Irish
North-western Slopes. These campaigns integrate, respectively, three
programs: BENGAL sponsored by the Marine Science and Technology
Program (MAST III) from the EU, PROSPEC and CARACOLE coordinated by
IFREMER.
This work focus mainly the study of the actiniarian fauna collected in the
mentioned campaigns during the years 1996 to 2001 (PROSPEC-96;
BENGAL- 97/98; CARACOLE-2001), and the biogeographical approach of the
deep-sea fauna of the Northeast Atlantic.
This study contributes with information on: 1) new records and
redescriptions of material collected in the Northeast Atlantic; 2) the variability of
the used characters for the species identification; 3) the geographic and
bathymetric distribution of these species; 4) the distributional analyses in the
study area in relation to the environmental variables available; 5) an update of
taxonomic and biogeographic data of the Arctic, North Atlantic (Northeast and
North-west Atlantic, Lusitanian and Mauritanian) and Mediterranean areas; and
6) the composition and faunistic affinities in comparison to other
biogeographical areas of the North Atlantic. In this context, the origin of the
North Atlantic deep-sea anemones fauna is discussed.<br>IFREMER<br>18.06.05.79.01
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Tsai, Wan-Hsu, and 蔡宛栩. "Taxonomy and reproduction of a sea anemone Condylactis nanwanensis n sp. (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) at Tiaoshi in Nanwan Bay, southern Taiwan." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50362552722861558838.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>海洋研究所<br>91<br>The outbreak of the sea anemones has been proposed as a factor associated with the degradation of coral reefs at Tiaoshi in Nanwan Bay, southern Taiwan. These sea anemones replace the branching coral colonies and form dense aggregations on the surface of dead coral skeletons. The taxonomy of the sea anemone and the mechanism of this outbreak were studied in this study.
The sea anemone is considered as a new species, Condylactis nanwanensis (Actiniaria, Actiniidae). The morphological description was based on 81 specimens collected in May and October 2002, and based on observations of many living organisms in situ and in aquaria. C. nanwanensis is similar to the Caribbean species, C. gigantea (Weinland, 1860), in number of tentacles and mesenteries as well as features of the column and tentacles, but different in color, size, cnidom and reproductive characteristics.
Reproduction and population structure of C. nanwanensis were studied from December 1999 to December 2002. Monthly population structures based on size-frequency distributions were dominated by small individuals (< 0.5 g, wet weight) in December 1999, January, September-November 2000, and August, December 2001. The anemones reproduced asexually by longitudinal fission throughout the year with the monthly division ratio ranging from 0.87 to 6.46%. Fission occurred in all size classes of the population and fission ratio gradually increased with increasing body size, and the highest fission ratio of 18.18% occurred in size class of 6.5-7.0 g. Spermary was not found by intensive examinations of 969 individuals over three years. Most individuals larger than 0.5 g were mature sexually. Oogenesis started in April 2000, and May 2001. Releasing of eggs or planulae possibly occurred in April 2000, May 2001 and May 2002 based on results of histological studies and observation in aquarium. The larvae were found in a bottle with three sea anemones once in May 2003 and might be reproduced asexually. The results suggest that the population outbreak of C. nanwanensis at Tiaoshi in Nanwan Bay is possibly resulted from asexual reproduction.
Book chapters on the topic "Sea anemone; Taxonomy"
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Gaines, Susan M., Geoffrey Eglinton, and Jürgen Rullkötter. "Molecular Paleontology and Biochemical Evolution." In Echoes of Life. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195176193.003.0015.
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Carl Woese’s drive for a unified system of biological classification didn’t just open the microbial world to exploration: it reshuffled the entire taxonomic system and revolutionized the way that biologists study evolution, reigniting interest in preanimal evolution. Studies of evolution from the mid-nineteenth through most of the twentieth century relied on the comparison of forms in living and fossil organisms and were limited to the complex multicellular organisms that developed over the past 550 million years. In other words, much was known about the evolution of animals and land plants that left distinctive hard fossils, and very little was known about the unicellular algae and microorganisms that occupied the seas for most of the earth’s history. Woese’s Tree of Life, derived from nucleic acid sequences in ribosomal RNA, has revealed ancestral relationships that form and function don’t even hint at, allowing biologists to look beyond the rise of multicellular life and link it with less differentiated, more primal forms—which was precisely Woese’s intention. But evolution is a history, not just a family tree of relationships. If the information stored in the genes of extant organisms is to provide true insight into that history, it needs to be anchored in time, linked to extinct organisms and to past environments. Ultimately, we must look to the record in the rocks and sediments, just as paleontologists and biologists have been doing for the past two centuries. In Darwin’s time, that record comprised rocks from the past 550 million years, a span of time that geologists now call the Phanerozoic eon, based on Greek words meaning visible or evident life. The eon began with the rocks of the Cambrian period, in which nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century paleontologists discovered a fabulous assortment of fossils—traces of trilobites, anemones, shrimp, and other multicellular animals that were completely missing from any of the earlier strata. Thousands of new animals and plants, including representatives of almost all contemporary groups, as well as hundreds of now-extinct ones, appeared so suddenly between 542 and 530 million years ago that paleontologists refer to the phenomenon as the Cambrian “explosion.”