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1
Lalith Perera. "Coconut Palms on the Edge of the Desert: Genetic Diversity of Cocos nucifera L. in Oman." CORD 27, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v27i1.120.
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In the Gulf region, coconuts are almost exclusively produced from palms growing in the Sultanate of Oman, particularly in the extreme south-eastern coastal plain of the Dhofar Governorate, and specifically within the city limits of Salalah, between the Jebel and the sea. The importance of these coconuts is not only agricultural; historically, the Dhofar palms provided the basic materials to build boats for fishermen and traders on, around and eventually beyond the Indian Ocean. Coconut palms are now one of the main symbols of Salalah city and play a role in both the tourist industry and urban landscaping. In early 2009, twenty-nine sites, representing Oman coconuts on beaches and cultivated lands were chosen from the Dhofar region. COGENT descriptors and DNA analysis were used for the purpose of identifying coconut germplasm available in Oman. The presence was confirmed of varieties that were imported during the 1980s, such as Yellow Dwarf, Green Dwarf and King coconut from Sri Lanka, as well as Malayan Yellow Dwarf and F1 hybrids. The local Oman Tall has the same phenotypic characteristics as other coconuts of South Asia, East and West Africa, the Caribbean and the Atlantic coast of South America. Microsatellite markers, however, reveal a substantial genetic contribution of the South-East Asian coconuts, at levels that are comparable to those found in the Comoros and Madagascar coconuts. Hypotheses about the ancestry of the Oman Tall coconuts are discussed; two genepools are indicated, consecutively involving natural selection, dissemination by floating, domestic selection and dispersal by boat.
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Dr. M. K. NAIR. "COCONUT GENETIC RESOURCES." CORD 8, no. 01 (December 1, 1992): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v8i01.255.
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It is presurned that the generic name, Cocos as well as the popular name coconut are derived from the spanish word ‘coco’ meaning ‘monkey face’ probably a reference to the three sears on the base of the shell resembling a monkey's face (Rosengarten, 1984). The origin of coconut was placed by Martius (1850) on the West Coast of Central America near the Isthmus of Panama. On the basis of evidences for the cultivation of coconut in Sri Lanka by about 300 BC. as well as the discovery of a fossil (Pliocene) Cocos in Newzealand (Hill, 1929) and in the deserts of Rajasthan (Kaul, 1951) the theory of Central American origin has been contested. Early spanish explorers discovered the cultivation of coconut on the Pacific.Coast of Panama in pre‑Columbian times. The first report of appearance of coconut in Western Mexico came around 1540 AD and it is believed to have spread to Mexico in the last decade of the 16th century (Bruman, 1945). It is presurned that coconut might have been carried to Mexico by ocean currents from Polynesia before the discovery of the New World (Purseglove, 1972). The available evidences point to the domestication of coconut in the Indo‑Pacific area (de Candolle, 1886; Beccari, 1917; Vavilov, 1951; Corner, 1966; Child, 1974). According to the most widely accepted theory, the origin of coconut is in the Old World, somewhere in Southeast Asia or the Pacific Islands from where it might have been transported to other regions either by man or by sea currents. Evidences are available in literature regarding the germination capacity of coconut even after floating in the sea for a period of 110 days and within this period it is capable of travelling up to 4,900 kilometers (Edmondson, 1941). It indicates the possibility of natural dissernination between the islands in the Pacific and Indian Oceans (Harries, 1978).
3
Tarigan, Lili Nur Indah Sari, Nurul Qodri, Septi Lumongga Duma Rangkuti, and Moondra Zubir. "Pb(II) and Oil Contamination Analysis of Belawan Sea, Medan City, North Sumatera." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 2, no. 2 (July 10, 2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v2i2.16321.
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Belawan waters are very densely populated with shipping, industrial and settlement. These various activities have an impact in the form of sea pollution by liquid waste such as Pb (II) and oil. Based on the results of the analysis of the content of Pb (II) in the highest waters, which is equal to 26.9120 ppm, it exceeds the threshold. The oil content in the waters has exceeded the threshold of 0.05 gr / L. One way to reduce the levels of Pb (II) and oil is by using coconut husk biosorbent. This is evidenced by the results of the analysis that there was a decrease in Pb (II) metal content after adsorption using coconut coir biosorbent which was equal to 6.2430ppm with adsorption capability of 20,699 ppm. The oil content in the water after the water is adsorbed using coconut coir biosorbent shows the Not Applicable result because the seawater sample has been homogenized so that no significant changes occur. This shows that coconut coir biosorbent is effective to reduce the content of Pb and Oil in water in the waters of the sea.
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Ry, Nusyirwan, Djaimi Bakce, and Jumatri Yusri. "PENGARUH FAKTOR-FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI KELAPA DI KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR." DINAMIKA PERTANIAN 33, no. 2 (February 14, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/dp.2017.vol33(2).1219.
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Indragiri Hilir District has 515,200 hectares of local coconut land with production of 418,200 tons (Statistic Board, 2015), but the area of land and its production is always decreasing. The decline of the area is caused by land damage, land conversion, the number of coconut plants that are old and dead and so affect to the need of raw materials for the development of the coconut industry in generating the number and type of product diversification. This research is conducted to analyze the internal and external factors that were influences to the development of local coconut industry which aims to know the internal and external factors in the development of coconut industry in Indragiri Hilir district. The result of the analysis showed that the internal factors that become the strength and impact on the development of the coconut industry are the large area of coconut plant that is large enough, the availability of a large workforce and already has a large scale coconut processing industry; while the weakness factor is the age of coconut plants is quite old, coconut farmers generally use local seeds, decreased coconut productivity and the limited number and type of diversification of coconut derived products. External factors that become opportunities for the development of the coconut industry is the high demand for coconut products and derivatives in the export market, coconut derivative products can still be developed and supported by local government and related agencies while external factors are a threat to the coconut industry development of coconut plantation damage due to sea water intrusion and high investment concerns in competing countries against the coconut industry.
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Ry, Nusyirwan, Djaimi Bakce, and Jumatri Yusri. "PENGARUH FAKTOR-FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI KELAPA DI KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR." DINAMIKA PERTANIAN 33, no. 2 (September 24, 2019): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/dp.2017.vol33(2).3828.
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Indragiri Hilir District has 515,200 hectares of local coconut land with production of 418,200 tons (Statistic Board, 2015), but the area of land and its production is always decreasing. The decline of the area is caused by land damage, land conversion, the number of coconut plants that are old and dead and so affect to the need of raw materials for the development of the coconut industry in generating the number and type of product diversification. This research is conducted to analyze the internal and external factors that were influences to the development of local coconut industry which aims to know the internal and external factors in the development of coconut industry in Indragiri Hilir district. The result of the analysis showed that the internal factors that become the strength and impact on the development of the coconut industry are the large area of coconut plant that is large enough, the availability of a large workforce and already has a large scale coconut processing industry; while the weakness factor is the age of coconut plants is quite old, coconut farmersgenerally use local seeds, decreased coconut productivity and the limited number and type of diversification of coconut derived products. External factors that become opportunities for the development of the coconut industry is the high demand for coconut products and derivatives in the export market, coconut derivative products can still be developed and supported by local government and related agencies while external factors are a threat to the coconut industry development of coconut plantation damage due to sea water intrusion and high investment concerns in competing countries against the coconut industry.
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Nurdin. "Effect Application of Sea Sand, Coconut and Banana Coir on the Growth and Yield of Rice Planted at Ustic Endoaquert Soil." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 19, no. 1 (April 16, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2014.v19i1.17-24.
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The research was aimed to study effect application of sea sand (SS), coconut coir (CC) and banana coir (BC) on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) planted at Ustic Endoaquert soil. The pot experiment was carried out using a factorial design with 3 factors. The first factor was SS consisted of three levels i.e.: 0%, 25%, and 50%. The second and third factors were CC and BC, each consisted of three levels i.e.: 0, 10, and 20 Mg ha-1. Application of SS and BC significantly increased leaf length where the highest increasing percentage was 16.47% which was achieved at 25% SS application. Their effect on leaf numbers and tiller numbers were relatively not similar pattern where leaf number only increased about 65.52% by BC application, while tiller numbers only increased about 10.77% by SS application. Furthermore, the application of CC and BC significantly increased panicle numbers to 29.53% and 29.05%, respectively compared to control. All ameliorants significantly increased panicle numbers, but the best was CC with the increasing up to 46.49% at 20 Mg ha-1 CC compared to SS or BC application. However, only coconut coir significantly increased the rice grain numbers.Keywords: Banana coir, coconut coir, rice plant, sea sand, vertisol [How to Cite: Nurdin. 2014. Effect Application of Sea Sand, Coconut and Banana Coir on the Growth and Yield of Rice Planted at Ustic Endoaquert Soil. J Trop Soils 19: 17-24. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.1.17]
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Ginting, Mimpin, and Minto Supeno. "Utilization of coconut shells in the manufacture of appropriate goods." ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 828–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v4i2.4228.
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Coconut shell inside is hard or very hard polymer, because of the composition of lignin > cellulose, such material s not good as a TV antenna. Because if given electromagnetic waves there will be vibrations of molecules >> ure rotation. To overcome this, the lignin concentration is reduced so that the concentration of lignin <cellulose can be used as a TV antenna, HP, because such material has become soft material. This combination of soft> hard polymers can theoretically be used for the purpose of detecting earthquakes, satellite etc. If the coconut is shaken, there will be ripples of coconut water to the ears, facts thus showing that the coconut shell has gaps or pores which carries waves of coconut water to the ears, which come out through the interface of lignin cellulose. The initial symptoms thus mean that the coconut shell can reflect and absorb waves. The advantages of this antenna can close up more clear, clear, cool clearer eyes and reception, can be used in the lowlands, highlands and at the bottom sea, this antenna is very good performance for high frequencies, can close up clearer, clear, cool in the eyes and voice reception clearer.
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Lumentut, Novalisa T. E., Sri Karindah, and Meldy L. A. Hosang. "Kelimpahan Brontispa longissimaGestro (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) dan Musuh Alami pada Tanaman Kelapa [The Abundance of Brontispa longissima Gestro (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Natural Enemies on Coconut Palms]." Buletin Palma 19, no. 1 (June 29, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bp.v19n1.2018.1-14.
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<p>The abundance of Brontispa longissima and its natural enemies on coconut palms have been explored in North Minahasa,South Minahasa and Southeast Minahasa Districts in February 2012 - January 2013. The aims of the research were to study the abundance of B. longissima an natural enemies in the field. The research was conducted on unproduced coconut palm and productive coconut palm. Sampling is done randomly plated or Stratified random sampling using quadrant system. The results showed that the abundance of B. longissima fluctuated, the highest abundance occurred in August and September 2012 in unproductive palms. In productive palms, the highest abundance of B. longissima at the altitude of 300-600 m above sea level occurred in August 2012, which was 70.3 individuals / young leaves, then at altitude > 600 m above sea level occurred in September 2012, ie 64 individuals / young leaves, and at an altitude of <300 m above sea level occurred in June 2012, which is 62 individuals / young leaves. Brontispa longissima natural enemies found at altitudes <300 m above sea level, 300-600 m above sea level, and> 600 m above sea level in unproduced coconut palms are parasitoid Tetrastichus brontispae, Chelisoches morio predator, and entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae. The natural enemies found in productive coconut palm at three different altitudes are Tetrastichus brontispae parasitoids, and Chelisoches morio predators. Entomopatogen M. aanisopliae var. anisopliae is not found on the productivecoconut palms at all three altitudes. The abundance of natural enemies and percentage of parasitism in the three different altitudes both in unproductive coconut palm and productive coconut palm was low is between 0.33-14.47%. This is due to the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the abundance of B. longissima.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRAK </strong></p><p>Kelimpahan Brontispa longissima dan musuh alaminya pada tanaman kelapa telah dieksplorasi di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, Minahasa Selatan dan Minahasa Tenggara pada bulan Februari 2012 - Januari 2013. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari kelimpahan B. longissima dan musuh alaminya pada pertanaman kelapa. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanaman kelapa belum berproduksi dan tanaman kelapa produktif. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan secara acak berlapis atau Stratified random sampling dengan menggunakan sistem kuadran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan B. longissima berfluktuasi, kelimpahan tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Agustus dan September 2012 pada tanaman belum berproduksi. Pada tanaman produktif kelimpahan B. longissima tertinggi berturut-turut pada ketinggian tempat 300-600 m dpl terjadi pada bulan Agustus 2012, yaitu 70,30 individu/pelepah, kemudian pada ketingian tempat >600 m dpl terjadi pada bulan September 2012, yaitu 64 individu/pelepah dan pada ketinggian <300 m dpl terjadi pada bulan Juni 2012, yaitu 62 individu/pelepah. Musuh alami B. longissima yang ditemukan pada ketinggian tempat <300 m dpl, 300- 600 m dpl, dan >600 m dpl pada tanaman belum berproduksi adalah parasitoid Tetrastichus brontispae, predator Chelisoches morio, dan entomopatogen Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae. Musuh alami yang ditemukan pada tanaman berproduktif diketiga ketinggian tempat tersebut adalah parasitoid Tetrastichus brontispae, dan predator Chelisoches morio. Entomopatogen M. anisopliae var. anisopliae tidak dijumpai pada tanaman produktif diketiga ketinggian tempat tersebut. Kelimpahan musuh alami dan persentase parasitisme di tiga ketinggian tempat tersebut baik pada tanaman belum berproduksi maupun tanaman produktif ternyata rendah yaitu antara 0,33-14,47%. Hal ini disebabkan pengaruh faktor abiotik dan biotik terhadap kelimpahan B. longissima.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
9
R. N. Palomar. "MARINE EXPOSURE TESTS OF COCONUT TIMBER." CORD 3, no. 01 (June 1, 1987): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v3i01.200.
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Marine exposure tests of sawn coconut lumber were carried out for three years to determine the resistance, of treated coconut timber to marine borers.
The test panels measuzing 50 mm x 100 mm x 450 mm, were installed in sea water between October, 1981 and September, 1984. Results showed three promising treatments. These were the vacuum/pressure method using chromated copper arsenate, the modifted double diffusion treatment employing mixture of copper adphate, sodium dichromate and arsenic pentoxide, and the hot and cold bath treatment with coal tar creosote. The specimens treated by these preservative systems showed trace or slight surface infestation while the untreated wood panels indicated from deep and extensive infestation to failure due to attack of marine borers.
The perfomance of the treated medium density specimens appeared to be inferior than the hard samples indicating that only the latter materials should be used for marine structures.
10
Kumaravel, D., P. Gopal, and V. K. Bupesh Raja. "Investigation on Tensile Strength of Water Hyacinth - Coconut Shell Powder Reinforced Hybrid Eco Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.57.
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The objective of this investigation is to fabricate a natural material based composite and study its tensile strength. The water hyacinth is a plant which is considered as an unwanted wild growth which is detrimental to the water bodies. It affects the oxygen and nutrients content of the fresh and sewage water and also hampers the flow of the water, thus leading to stagnation and flooding. In this method the water hyacinth was harvested and used as a reinforcing fibre in its untreated condition [1]. Our nation having a long sea shore is blessed with coconut trees. All the parts of the coconut tree are being used for various purposes [2-4]. Based on literature 15% by weight of powdered coconut shell was used as particulate reinforcement in this study [5, 6]. Hence this experimental work is an effort to fabricate a composite using the waste water hyacinth fibres and the coconut shell powder using an epoxy resin matrix through hand layup technique and subjected to tensile loading. This test results show good ultimate tensile strength.
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Hartawan, Rudi, and Arif Sarjono. "KARAKTERISTIK FISIK dan PRODUKSI KELAPA DALAM (Cocos nucifera L) di BERBAGAI EKOLOGI LAHAN." Jurnal Media Pertanian 1, no. 2 (November 10, 2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jagro.v1i2.15.
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AbstractThe growing environment plays an important role in the plant's phenotype. The suitability of the environment will bring up the genetic potential mainly on coconut production. The expected output of this research is to know the adaptation level of coconut crops different land ecology. The research was carried out in January to August 2016 at: 1) tidal lands in Lagan Ulu village of Geragai Sub-district of Tanjung Jabung Timur with altitude 0-10 m above sea level, 2) in the lowland Ramin village Kumpeh Ulu Subdistrict Muaro Jambi regency with a height of 10-100 m above sea level, 3) Moderate land in Wanareja village of Rimbo Ulu Subdistrict Tebo regency with an altitude of 100-500 m above sea level and 4) Highland in Seberang village Sungai Penuh subdistrick Sungai Penuh City, with an altitude 500 m above sea level. Laboratory analysis conducted in July 2016 in laboratorium dasar University Batanghari. Research conducted by survey methods in community gardens and arranged in environment randomized block design namely tidal areas, lowland, moderate land, and highland. Each altitude of land was three farmers. Porposifly as a block of design. The parameters are the palnt physical, reproduction age, agronomy, action estimation of production potential, soil acidity and daily temperatures. Data of research are analyzed by description method such as tabulated data form and anova test (α=5%) was used of inferential analysis. The result of this research showed that there was a significantly effect of land altitude on production potential and phisical characteristic of coconut trees. The coconut trees showed optimally growth and production in moderate land (100-500m above sea level). Keywords: coconut, cultivation, crop production. AbstrakLingkungan tumbuh berperan penting dalam produksi tanaman Kelapa Dalam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat adaptasi tanaman Kelapa Dalam pada berbagai ekologi lahan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Agustus 2016 di: 1) lahan pasang surut di Desa Lagan Ulu, Kecamatan Geragai, Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur dengan ketinggian 0-10 m dpl, 2) dataran rendah di Desa Ramin, Kecamatan Kumpeh Ulu, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi dengan ketinggian 10-100 m dpl, 3) dataran sedang di Desa Wanareja, Kecamatan Rimbo Ulu, Kabupaten Tebo dengan ketinggian 100-500 m dpl dan 4) dataran tinggi di Desa Seberang, Kecamatan Sungai Penuh, Kota Sungai Penuh, dengan ketinggian >500 m dpl. Analisis laboratorium dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2016 di Laboratorium Dasar Universitas Batanghari. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey di kebun-kebun masyarakat dan disusun dalam rancangan lingkungan acak kelompok dengan rancangan perlakuan ekologi lahan yaitu daerah pasang surut, dataran rendah, dateran sedang dan dataran tinggi. Tiap-tiap ekologi lahan diambil tiga petani sampel secara sengaja yang dijadikan blok dalam rancangan. Peubah yang diamati adalah fisik tanaman, umur berproduksi, tindakan agronomi, estimasi potensi produksi, kemasaman tanah dan suhu harian. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan metode deskripsi dalam bentuk tabulasi dan inferensi dilakukan dengan uji anova taraf α 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Ekologi lahan berpengaruh nyata terhadap potensi produksi dan karakteristik fisik tanaman Kelapa Dalam. Tanaman Kelapa Dalam dapat tumbuh, berkembang dan berproduksi dengan baik di daerah dataran sedang dengan ketinggian 100-500 m dpl. Kata kunci: Kelapa Dalam, budidaya, produksi tanaman
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Jasman, Jasman, and Anselmus Kabuhung. "Pemanfaatan Batu Kapur Dan Tempurung Kelapa Dalam Pengolahan Limbah Detergen." Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan 10, no. 1 (September 13, 2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47718/jkl.v10i1.881.
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Disposing of detergent waste into water bodies, both rivers and sea will affect biota in water, as the results of stated that the effect of laundry waste on nila mortality has a significant influence and differences in each concentration. A research on the design of appropriate technology for processing laundry waste (detergent) is required by using a combination of limestone and coconut shell filter media. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of limestone and coconut shell filter media to reduce detergent content, pH and TSS in wastewater. Quasi-experimental research methods with pre-test and post test design. Population and research samples are waste taken from laundry waste. The research data will be analyzed univariately in a descriptive and bivariate form with statistical analysis using the T-test. The results of the study laundry processing (detergent) using limestone and coconut shell media can reduce the content of detergents (39.75% - 67.14%), pH (0.89% - 4.68%) and TSS (0.00% - 96.72%). T test results show that there are very significant differences before and after treatment, meaning that waste treatment can reduce the content of detergents in laundry wastewater.
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NOVARIANTO, HENGKY, and MEITY TULALO. "KANDUNGAN ASAM LAURAT PADA BERBAGAI VARIETAS KELAPA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU VCO." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 13, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v13n1.2007.28-33.
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ABSTRAK<br />Peluang pengembangan agribisnis kelapa dengan produk bernilai<br />ekonomi tinggi sangat besar, antara lain Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Mutu<br />produk dari VCO di antaranya ditentukan dari kandungan asam lemak<br />rantai medium, MCFA (C 6 -C 12 ) dan asam laurat (C12:0). Penelitian<br />analisis keragaman asam lemak pada koleksi plasma nutfah kelapa telah<br />dilakukan pada 35 varietas kelapa yang ditanam di Kebun Percobaan<br />Mapanget, Balitka tahun 2005. Teknologi proses VCO sebagai sampel<br />menggunakan proses pemanasan bertahap, dan sebagian sampel meng-<br />gunakan cara fermentasi. Sampel VCO dari 35 varietas kelapa ini dikirim<br />ke Laboratorium Terpadu IPB Bogor untuk dianalisis kadar asam<br />lemaknya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman<br />kandungan asam lemak, khususnya asam laurat pada berbagai varietas<br />kelapa yang cocok untuk bahan baku VCO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan<br />bahwa keragaman kandungan MCFA dan kadar asam laurat dipengaruhi<br />oleh varietas kelapa, tinggi tempat tumbuh, teknologi proses VCO dan<br />tempat analisis laboratorium. Hasil analisis asam lemak dari VCO pada 35<br />aksesi kelapa koleksi Balitka Manado diperoleh bahwa total kandungan<br />MCFA pada kelapa Dalam lebih tinggi dari kelapa Genjah. Total<br />kandungan MCFA kelapa Dalam antara 47,35% sampai 57,89%,<br />sedangkan pada kelapa Genjah antara 45,45% sampai 55,68%. Dari 35<br />aksesi kelapa ini diperoleh bahwa total MCFA di atas 56% ditemukan<br />pada 10 aksesi kelapa Dalam, yaitu Dalam Kinabuhutan, Dalam Tontalete,<br />Dalam Kalasey, Dalam Wusa, Dalam Pungkol, Dalam Mapanget 55 dan<br />Dalam Mapanget 99 asal Sulawesi Utara, lalu Dalam Lubuk Pakam asal<br />Sumatera Utara, Dalam Banyuwangi asal Jawa Timur, dan Dalam Palu<br />asal Sulawesi Tengah. Kandungan asam laurat (C12:0) pada VCO dari<br />kelapa Dalam lebih tinggi sekitar 2%-3% dibandingkan dengan kelapa<br />Genjah. Kadar asam laurat pada 35 aksesi kelapa beragam antara terendah<br />36,04% pada kelapa Genjah Hijau Nias asal Sumut, sampai tertinggi<br />44,19% pada kelapa Dalam Kinabuhutan asal Sulut. Aksesi kelapa yang<br />mengandung kadar asam laurat di atas 43% adalah kelapa Dalam<br />Kinabuhutan, Dalam Tontalete, Dalam Lubuk Pakam, Dalam Wusa dan<br />Dalam Mapanget 55. Kelapa yang sama varietasnya dan ditanam pada dua<br />lokasi yang berbeda tinggi tempatnya diperoleh kadar asam laurat pada<br />kopra di dataran rendah (80 m dpl.) ternyata lebih tinggi antara 1,78%<br />sampai 3,94% dibandingkan yang berasal dari dataran tinggi (450 m dpl.).<br />Teknologi fermentasi menghasilkan kandungan asam laurat rata-rata lebih<br />tinggi antara 2,03% sampai 3,48% pada empat varietas kelapa Dalam dari<br />lima varietas yang diuji.<br />Kata kunci : Kelapa, Cocos nucifera, varietas, pasca panen, asam lemak,<br />asam laurat, minyak kelapa, Sulawesi Utara<br />ABSTRACT<br />Lauric acid profile of various coconut varieties as raw<br />material for VCO<br />Coconut agribusiness development has large opportunity to produce<br />high value coconut product, such as Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). The<br />quality of VCO is determined by the content of medium chain fatty acid,<br />MCFA (C 6 -C 12 ) and lauric acid (C12:0). Analysis of fatty acid variation<br />from coconut germplasm collection was done on 35 coconut varieties<br />planted at Mapanget Experimental Garden, ICOPRI in 2005. The<br />prossesing technology of VCO used step heating, and some samples also<br />used fermentation. The VCO samples of 35 coconut varieties was sent to<br />Integrated Laboratory of IPB Bogor to find out the content of fatty acids.<br />The purpose of the study was to know the variability of fatty acid contents,<br />especially for lauric acid content in various coconut varieties as raw<br />materials for VCO. The research result showed that the content of MCFA<br />and lauric acid was influenced by coconut varieties, altitude of coconut<br />palm growth, processing technology of VCO and defferent laboratories for<br />analysis the fatty acids. The result of fatty acids analysis of VCO from 35<br />coconut accessions of ICOPRI germplasm collection found that total of<br />MCFA content on tall coconut is higher than dwarf coconut. Total of<br />MCFA content on tall coconut ranges 47.35%-57.89%, whereas on dwarf<br />coconut it ranges of 45.45%-55.68%. From 35 coconut accessions, there<br />were 10 accessions that showed total MCFA higher than 56% namely:<br />Kinabuhutan Tall, Tontalete Tall, Kalasey Tall, Wusa Tall, Pungkol Tall,<br />Mapanget 55 Tall and Mapanget 99 Tall from North Sulawesi, and then<br />Lubuk Pakam Tall from North Sumatera, Banyuwangi Tall from East Java,<br />and Palu Tall from Central Sulawesi. Lauric acid content of VCO of tall<br />coconut was higher 2%-3% compared to dwarf coconut. Lauric acid<br />content of 35 coconut accessions varied from the lowest 36.04% on Nias<br />Green Dwarf from North Sumatera, up to the highest 44.19% on<br />Kinabuhutan Tall from North Sulawesi. Coconut accessions that have<br />lauric acid content higher than 43% were Kinabuhutan Tall, Totalete tall,<br />Lubuk Pakam Tall, Wusa Tall and Mapanget 55 Tall. The same varieties<br />of tall and hybrid coconut planting on two different altitudes showed the<br />lauric acid content of copra on lowland plain (80 m above sea level) was<br />higher between 1.78% to 3.94% compared to the same varieties on upland<br />plain (450 m above sea level). The fermentation processing technology of<br />VCO has resulted average of lauric acid content are higher between 2.03%<br />to 3.48% on four varieties of coconut tall, from the five varieties. In the<br />future it is necessary to develope the protocol of VCO which is matched<br />with Indonesian National Standardization of VCO.<br />Key words: Coconut, Cocos nucifera, variety, pest harvest, fatty acid,<br />lauric acid, coconut oil, North Sulawes
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Supeno, Minto, and Mimpin Ginting. "Coconut Shell Applications For Making Antenna Tv In Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah 09 Kwala Madu." ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 744–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v4i2.4219.
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Shell antenna is an original UHF antenna technology, produced from research continuous and observations for years. Natural polymeric material from a combination soft-hard that can be relied upon as a television antenna at a radius of 180 km, with antenna gain 11 dB, which can be used in the lowlands, highlands and at the bottom of the sea. This antenna is very good performance for high frequencies. The UHF shell antenna prototype consists of: (l) Two rectifiers the first wave from the shell pores and the second from the smooth almonium plate that is mounted lined up inside the shell parts; (2) reflector of almonium; and (3) carbonyl groups and micro elements as a receiver. The advantages of this antenna can close up more clear, clear, cool clearer eyes and reception, can be used in the lowlands, highlands and at the bottom sea, this antenna is very good performance for high frequencies, can close up clearer, clear, cool in the eyes and voice reception clearer.
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TARIGANS, D. D., and SUMANTO. "PENELITIAN POLA USAHA TANI BERBASIS KELAPA HIBRIDA DI CIMERAK." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 8, no. 4 (July 15, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v8n4.2002.109-116.
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<p>Penelitian dilaksanakan dari Januari 2000 s/d Desember 2001 pada kebun kelapa hibrida rakyat pasca konvcrsi, pescta Proyck Perkebunan Inti Rakyat PTP XIII (sekarang PTP Nusantara VIII) di Desa Sindang Sari, Kecamatan Cimerak, Kabupaten Ciamis, Propinsi Jawa Barat. Bahan penelitian adalah hamparan kelapa hibrida PB 121 monokultur dan produktif dengan tahun tanam 1984/1985 seluas 5 ha. Jarak tanam 9 m x 9 m dengan sistem tanam segitiga sama sisi. Areal petanaman berada pada kctinggian 47 m diatas permukaan laut dengan curah hujan rata-rata 3 450 mm/tahun dan jenis tanah podsolik merah kuning dengan pH 6.0. Kegiatan studi dilakukan melalui dua tahapan. Petama dilakukan studi PRA untuk melakukan idcntifikasi daerah penelitian, keadaan sosial ekonomi petani dan tanaman sela yang prospektif unluk dijadikan sebagai tanaman sela. Kedua dari hasil studi PRA ditctapkan lima pola usaha tani berbasis kelapa untuk diuji dalam penelitian ini yaitu (1) pola usaha tani kelapa (monokultur, tradisional), (2) pola usaha tani kelapa + kelapa disadap (pola rakyat, tradisional), (3) pola usaha lani kelapa + disadap 30 pohon/ha - tanaman sela pisang satu baris, (4) pola usaha lani kelapa + disadap 30 pohon/ha - tanaman sela pisang dua baris dan (5) pola usaha tani kelapa + disadap 60 pohon/ha + tanaman sela pisang satu baris Masing- masing pola seluas satu hektar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola usaha tani kelapa (monokultur) dan pola usaha tani kelapa + disadap (pola pctani) tidak layak unluk diusahakan karena secara ckonomis tidak mengunlungkan. Hasil analisis kelayakan usaha tani diperoleh bahwa dari lima pola usaha tani berbasis kelapa yang diuji menunjukkan bahwa dua pola usaha lani yang mengunlungkan dan layak unluk diusahakan yailu petama pola usaha tani kelapa + disadap 30 pohon kelapa per hektar - tanaman sela pisang satu bais dengan nilai B/C ratio 1.23, NPV sebesar Rp. 3 319 690 dan IRR 42.24%. Kedua adalah pola usaha tani kelapa + disadap 60 pohon kelapa per hektar + lanaman sela pisang satu bais dengan nilai B/C ratio 1.44, NPV sebesar Rp. 9 096 815 dan IRR 69.36%. Kedua pola usaha tani berbasis kelapa ini, dapal dianjurkan untuk dikembangkan sebagai upaya meningkatkan pendapatan dan kemampuan petani pasca konvcrsi untuk membayar kembali kidit investasi yang telah dikeluarkan pemerintah.</p><p>Kata kunci: Kelapa hibrida, usaha tani, Ciamis, Jawa Barat</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Hybrid coconut basedfarming systems in Cimerak</strong></p><p>This research was conducted from January 2000 to December 2001 at the farmer's hybid coconut plantation Sindang Sari Villages, Cimerak, Ciamis District, West Java Province. The farmers used to be the members of nucleus estate project PTP XIII (now PTP Nusantara VIII). The object of die research was monoculture coconut hybrid PB-121 plantation of 5 ha planted in 1984/1985. The plant spacing was 9 m x 9 m triangle. The elevation was 47 m above sea level, the average rainfalls was 3 450 mm/year, the soil was yellow red podzolic, and the pH was 6.0. The research activities were carried out in two phases. Firstly, PRA study was conducted to identify die research location, socioeconomic condition, and prospective intercrops. Secondly, from the result of PRA study ive fanning systems were selected for the study, i.e. (I y traditional monoculture coconut farming system, (2) traditional coconut farming - tapped coconut, (3) coconut farming ♦ lapped coconut 30 palms/ha < one row of banana plants, (4) coconut farming + tapped coconut 30 palms/ha + two rows of banana plants, and (5) coconut farming + tapped coconut 60 palms, ha + one row of banana plants. Each farming systems was one hectare. The results of the research showed that the first and the second farming systems were not good because Uiey were not economically proitable. The farming in systems that were good and proitable were the third and the ifth farming systems, i.e. coconut faming + tapped coconut 30 palms/ha + one row of coconut plants with B/C ratio 1.23, NPV Rp.3 319 690, IRR 42.24%, and coconut farming tapped coconut 60 palms/ha + one row of coconut plants wiUi <br /><br />B/C ratio 1.44, NPV Rp. 9 096 815, and IRR 69.36%. Those two farming systems can be recommended to increase the income of Ihe coconut farmers ater the conversion, so that Ihcy arc able lo pay the credit thai were given by the govenment.<br /><br />Key words ; Coconut, farming system, intercrops, Ciamis District, West Java</p>
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SUPRIADI, HANDI, and H. T. LUNTUNGAN. "PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hipogea) DAN SENGON (Paraserianthes falcataria) DI ANTARA TANAMAN KELAPA DI SUKABUMI JAWA BARAT." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 8, no. 4 (July 15, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v8n4.2002.126-131.
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<p>Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2001 di Desa Caringinnunggal, Kecamatan Waluran, Kabupaten Sukabumi, yang bcrada pada kelinggian 250 m di atas permukaan laut, tipe iklim B2 (Oldeman) dan jenis tanahnya Podsolik Merah Kuning. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan model polatanam kelapa yang diuji sebagai berikut (1) kelapa + sengon 140 pohon/ha ♦ kacang tanah, (2) kelapa + sengon 280 pohon/ha + kacang tanah, (3) kelapa + sengon 420 pohon/ha ♦ kacang tanah, (4) kelapa + sengon 560 pohon/ha + kacang tanah, (5) kelapa + sengon 700 pohon/ha + kacang tanah dan (6) kelapa monokultur. 'Tujuan dai penelitian ini untuk mcngciahui pertumbuhan dan produksi dari beberapa model polatanam kelapa dengan tanaman sela kacang tanah dan sengon. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap parameter agronomi meliputi data petumbuhan kacang tanah, sengon dan kelapa seta data produksi kacang tanah. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produktivitas kacang tanah pada polatanam kelapa * sengon 700 pohon/ha + kacang tanah prospektif dengan hasil mencapai 2 183 kg/ha dengan tinggi tanaman 30.25 cm dan polong isi sebanyak 9.65 buah. Sedang untuk tanaman sengon tingginya telah mencapai 312.3 cm dengan diameter 10.57 cm. Adanya tanaman sela diantara kelapa tidak menurunkan pembentukan jumlah daun, jumlah bunga betina dan jumlah tandan tanaman kelapa.</p><p>Kata kunci: Cocos nucifera, Paraserianthes falcataria, Arachis hipogea, polatanam</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Growth and producion of peanut and albizia between coconut palms in Sukabumi, West Java</strong></p><p>The study was conducted from January to December 2001 at Caringinnunggal, Sukabumi 250 m above sea level with type of climate Bj according to Oldeman and soil type Red Yellow Podsolic. The expeiment was designed as a randomized block in 4 replicates. The cropping system models consisted of : (1) Coconut + albizia 140 trees/ha ♦ peanut (2) Coconut + albizia 280 trees/ha ♦ peanut. (3) Coconut + albizia 420 trees/ha + peanut, (4) Coconut + albizia 560 trees/ha + peanut, (5) Coconut + albizia 700 trees/ha + peanut and (6) Coconut as a control The purpose of this experiment was to know the growth and productivity of several fanning systems with intercrops in between coconut. The results of the research showed that the peanut production in the cropping system of coconut + albizia 700 trees/ha + peanut reached 2 183 kg/ha, peanut plant height 30.25 cm, mature pods 9.65/plant. While Ihe height of albizia plant reached 3)2.3 cm, stem diameter 10.57 cm. The intercrops planted in between the coconut palms did not reduce the number of leaves, the number of female flowers, and (he number of bunches.</p><p>Key words : Cocos nucifera, Paraserianthes falcataria. Arachis hipogea, cropping system, production</p>
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Sulistiono, M. M. Kamal, and Nurlisa A. Butet. "Preliminary study on the coconut crab (Birgus latro) rearing in captive pond." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.8.101-107.
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<p>Preliminary study on the coconut crab (<em>Birgus latro</em>) rearing was employed in captive pond at Citarate village, Lebak Regency (Banten) from May to December 2008. The rearing activity was done in captive pond sized 5x5x1.3 m<sup>3</sup> divided into 22 smaller ponds sized 1x1x1.3 m<sup>3</sup> with a hiding hole (constructed by pile stones), supported by two small ponds sized 30x40x40 cm<sup>3</sup> for sea and fresh water stocks, respectively. The coconut crab (N=22 individuals at cement pond I and N=18 individuals at cement pond II) were reared in each small ponds (density: 1 individual/pond), feed by a piece of coconut (20-50 gram per individual in each cement pond). The coconut and the water (sea and fresh water) were replaced for 2-3 times per week. Result of the study showed that survival rate was around 82% (ponds I) and 83% (ponds II), and mortality was around 18% (ponds I) and 18% (ponds II). The coconut crab growth at captive ponds I and II were around 17.5 and 52 gram per month, respectively.</p> <p>Key words: Preliminary study, rearing, coconut crab (<em>Birgus latro</em>)</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Uji coba pemeliharaan kepiting kelapa (<em>Birgus latro</em>) dilakukan di kolam penangkaran di Desa Citarate, Kabupaten Lebak (Banten) pada Bulan Mei sampai Desember 2008. Kegiatan pemeliharaan dilakukan pada bak semen berukuran 5x5x1.3 m<sup>2</sup> yang terbagi menjadi 22 bak semen lebih kecil yang berukuran 1x1x1.3 m<sup>3</sup> dilengkapi dengan tempat persembunyian (berupa tumpukan batu), serta bak kecil sebagai tempat penampungan air laut dan tawar masing-masing berukuran 30x40x40 cm<sup>3</sup>. Kepiting kelapa (N=22 ekor pada kolam I dan N=18 pada kolam II) dimasukkan ke dalam setiap kolam (kepadatan 1 individu/kolam), dan diberikan pakan utama berupa potongan kelapa ukuran sekitar 20-50 gram per individu per kolam. Penggantian kelapa dan air (tawar dan laut) dilakukan 2-3 kali per minggu. Hasil uji coba pemeliharaan kepiting kelapa menunjukkan bahwa tingkat sintasan (<em>survival rate</em>) di kolam peliharaan berkisar 82 (Kolam I) dan 83% (Kolam II), sedangkan tingkat kematian (<em>mortalitas</em>) sebesar 18 (Kolam I) dan 17% (Kolam II). Pertumbuhan kepiting kelapa di kolam penangkaran I dan masing-masing adalah sekitar 17,5 dan 52 gram per bulan.</p> <p>Kata kunci: Uji coba, pemeliharaan, kepiting kelapa (<em>Birgus latro</em>).</p>
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Rosniawaty, Santi, Asmi Maulina, Cucu Suherman, Mochamad Arief Soleh, and Rija Sudirja. "Modifikasi Penggunaan Subsoil Melalui Penambahan Bahan Organik Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Bibit Kopi Arabika (Coffea Arabica L.)." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 8, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v8i1.157.
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Sub soil is soil under the top soil layer, with low fertility. The use of sub soil as an Arabica coffee seedling planting media needs to be considered because the top soil layer has been much reduced by erosion or run off. Needs modification in sub-soil soils to increase fertility. Increased sub soil fertility can be done using organic materials, both solid and liquid. Coffee seedling using the right planting media will determine the growth and production of coffee in the field later. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of subsoil growing media with the addition of organic material for the growth of Arabica coffee seeds. The experiment was conducted at the Ciparanje Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang Regency, in March to June 2019 with altitude of ± 780 meters above sea level. The experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with 9 treatments repeated three times. The treatments are as follows: 100% topsoil; subsoil 100%; topsoil: chicken manure (2: 1); subsoil: chicken manure (1: 1); subsoil: chicken manure (2: 1); subsoil: chicken manure (3: 1); subsoil + 25% coconut water; subsoil + 50% coconut water; subsoil + 75% coconut water. The results showed that the modification of subsoil with the addition of organic matter affected the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings on stem diameter variables of 8 MST and leaf chlorophyll index of 16 MST. Subsoil media with the addition of chicken manure (3: 1) had a good effect on leaf chlorophyll index and subsoil media with 25% coconut water had a good effect on the diameter of Arabica coffee seedling stems. Subsoil can replace topsoil by adding organic matter.
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Tkachenko, Alina, Ivan Syrokhman, Yulia Basova, Anna Kobischan, Anna Artemenko, Khrystyna Kovalchuk, Olena Kalashnyk, Mariia Katruk, Roman Zakharchyn, and Volodymyr Havrylyshyn. "COMMODITY STUDY OF DEVELOPED CUPCAKES OF ORGANIC RAW MATERIALS." EUREKA: Life Sciences 2 (March 31, 2020): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001201.
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For widening the assortment of floury confectionary products of organic raw materials, recipes of new cupcakes of sandy dough “Cosmic” and “Lunik” were offered. The recipe of cakes “Cosmic” included the organic raw materials: rice flour, grinded ginger, lemongrass powder, coconut sugar, creamy butter and sea buckthorn oil, mélange of chicken eggs, black ashberry jam. The recipe of cakes “Lunik” included rice flour, combined with spelt one, lemongrass powder, coconut sugar, creamy butter and sea buckthorn oil, mélange of chicken eggs, organic blackberry jam. A control sample was baskets with jelly and fruits, prepared by the traditional recipe. The main difference of the offered samples is in fact that they are prepared of the organic raw materials only. Margarine is a fatty base of the control sample. It is offered to replace the fatty base by creamy butter and sea buckthorn oil. The production technology of a sandy semi-product consists of four stages: preparation of raw materials for production, preparation of a sandy semi-product, its formation, baking. This paper offers the developed scale of organoleptic estimation of the cupcake quality and presents results of studying its food value. The highest quality level by organoleptic parameters was fixed in the “Lunik” sample – 0.96; in the “Cosmic” sample, the quality level is also rather high – 0.95; the control sample differed by much lower quality level – 0.83. The developed samples differed by lower energetic value, namely, 351.00 kcal and 313.50 kcal in the “Cosmik” and “Lunik” samples, respectively, whereas for the control sample this number was 433.70 kcal. The offered recipes of cupcakes included the higher protein content than the control – 7.40 and 7.58g/100 g for “Cosmic” and “Lunik” samples, respectively, whereas the protein content in the control was 5.40 g/100 g.
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Vijayan, M. M., T. P. Mommsen, H. C. Glémet, and T. W. Moon. "Metabolic effects of cortisol treatment in a marine teleost, the sea raven." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 1509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.7.1509.
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Sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus) given intraperitoneal implants of coconut oil containing cortisol (50 mg kg-1) and sampled 5 days later had plasma cortisol, glucose and urea concentrations higher than in a sham-implanted group. No differences in plasma ammonia, free amino acid or fatty acid concentrations were apparent between the cortisol- and sham-treated groups. There was no change in hepatic glycogen content, whereas glutamine synthetase, allantoicase, arginase, aspartate aminotransferase, tyrosine aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase activities were higher in the cortisol-treated fish liver compared with the sham-implanted fish. On the basis of these general increases in enzyme activities, our results suggest that cortisol stimulates nitrogen metabolism in the sea raven. Amino acid catabolism may be a major source of substrate for gluconeogenesis and/or oxidation, while fatty acid mobilization may provide the fuel for endogenous use by the liver in cortisol-treated sea raven. These results further support the hypothesis that cortisol plays a role in the regulation of glucose production in stressed fish.
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Olatunde, Oladipupo Odunayo, Soottawat Benjakul, and Kitiya Vongkamjan. "Coconut husk extract: antibacterial properties and its application for shelf‐life extension of Asian sea bass slices." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 54, no. 3 (October 30, 2018): 810–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14000.
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Simó-Mirabet, Paula, M. Carla Piazzon, Josep Alvar Calduch-Giner, Álvaro Ortiz, Mónica Puyalto, Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla, and Jaume Pérez-Sánchez. "Sodium salt medium-chain fatty acids andBacillus-based probiotic strategies to improve growth and intestinal health of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)." PeerJ 5 (December 4, 2017): e4001. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4001.
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BackgroundThe increased demand for fish protein has led to the intensification of aquaculture practices which are hampered by nutritional and health factors affecting growth performance. To solve these problems, antibiotics have been used for many years in the prevention, control and treatment against disease as well as growth promoters to improve animal performance. Nowadays, the use of antibiotics in the European Union and other countries has been completely or partially banned as a result of the existence of antibiotic cross-resistance. Therefore, a number of alternatives, including enzymes, prebiotics, probiotics, phytonutrients and organic acids used alone or in combination have been proposed for the improvement of immunological state, growth performance and production in livestock animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate two commercially available feed additives, one based on medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) from coconut oil and another with aBacillus-based probiotic, in gilthead sea bream (GSB,Sparus aurata), a marine farmed fish of high value in the Mediterranean aquaculture.MethodsThe potential benefits of adding two commercial feed additives on fish growth performance and intestinal health were assessed in a 100-days feeding trial. The experimental diets (D2 and D3) were prepared by supplementing a basal diet (D1) with MCFAs in the form of a sodium salt of coconut fatty acid distillate (DICOSAN®; Norel, Madrid, Spain), rich on C-12, added at 0.3% (D2) or with the probioticBacillus amyloliquefaciensCECT 5940, added at 0.1% (D3). The study integrated data on growth performance, blood biochemistry, histology and intestinal gene expression patterns of selected markers of intestinal function and architecture.ResultsMCFAs in the form of a coconut oil increased feed intake, growth rates and the surface of nutrient absorption, promoting the anabolic action of the somatotropic axis. The probiotic (D3) induced anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects with changes in circulating cortisol, immunoglobulin M, leukocyte respiratory burst, and mucosal expression levels of cytokines, lymphocyte markers and immunoglobulin T.DiscussionMCFA supplementation showed positive effects on GSB growth and intestinal architecture acting mainly in the anterior intestine, where absorption takes place. The probioticB. amyloliquefaciensCECT 5940 exhibited key effects in the regulation of the immune status inducing anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects which can be potentially advantageous upon infection or exposure to other stressors. The potential effects of these feed additives in GSB are very promising to improve health and disease resistance in aquaculture.
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Loumoli, Hikaione, and Jagdish Prasad Bhati. "Quantifying role of seaweed (Caulerpa racemosa) harvesting in livelihood system of some coastal communities in Fiji." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 33, no. 2 (2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp15003.
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The relative contributions of various work activities in the rural livelihood systems are not well understood. This study investigates roles of various work activities in the household income and employment in coastal areas of Fiji. Data were obtained by personal interview method from a random sample survey 48 households from four coastal villages in Fiji. Study revealed that workers in the coastal areas have work opportunities for only 20 h per week against a 40 h work norm. About 76% of their total work time was devoted to sea-based resources (58% for seaweed harvesting and 18% for fishing). Coconut collection and handicraft activities accounted for 17 and 7 percent of their work time, respectively. Overall, average weekly income of workers was about FJ$110.The share of income from seaweeds was about 50% and the shares of income from fishing, coconut activities and handicrafts were 21.9, 20.5 and 8 percent, respectively. Hence, it is clear that although seaweed harvesting activity in the overall economy of Fiji is still at the subsistence level, but this activity plays a very critical and substantial role in the food and nutrition security of the coastal communities.
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Layton, Thomas R., and Einer R. Elhauge. "Three Fire Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00045179.
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In order to better understand the conditions permitting a fire disaster to occur and to better postulate methods of fire prevention, an historic analysis of three fire disasters was performed. Journalistic accounts, official investigative studies and documents were examined concerning 3 fire disasters: (1) The General Slocum Ship Fire of 1904; (2) the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire of 1911; and (3) the Coconut Grove Nightclub Fire in Boston of 1942. Although the fires occurred on a ship, in a factory, and in a nightclub, several striking similarities were found.(1) On June 15, 1904, the shipGeneral Slocumembarked on a voyage up New York's East River, that ended in death for 1031 people. The ship, which was constructed entirely of wood, had recently passed inspection. The ship's crew, mostly longshoremen with little sea experience, had never fought a fire at sea. The hatches and bulkheads were flammable, the fire hoses were old and rotten, the fire buckets were out of reach and empty.
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Valentine, Riris Yuli, I. Nyoman Sudiarsa, Sartika Tangguda, and Dimas Rizky Hariyadi. "KINERJA PERTUMBUHAN DAN DINAMIKA KUALITAS AIR PADA BUDIDAYA ANGGUR LAUT (Caulerpa sp.) DENGAN NAUNGAN BERBEDA." Jurnal Agroqua: Media Informasi Agronomi dan Budidaya Perairan 19, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32663/ja.v19i1.1540.
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Seagrapes (Caulerpa sp.) is one of the aquatic plants which tends to grow slowly according to the environmental conditions where sea grapes live. This study aims to determine the growth performance of sea grapes given different shelters. The method used in this study was three treatments, each treatment was repeated three times, with differences in the shade (P1 = paranet), (P2 = without roof), and (P3 = coconut leaves). Data analysis used a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The results of this study are at absolute weights (P1 =1163.3 ± 260a g), (P2 = 210 ± 79.3b g), (P3 = 922 ± 199.5a g), absolute length (P1 = 5.75 ± 1.74a cm), (P2 = 0.59 ± 0 , 07b cm), (P3 = 4.82 ± 0.22a cm), daily growth rate (4.40 ± 0.1a %), (3.76 ± 0.09b %), (4.29 ± 0.09a) and the number of ramuli (P1 = 56.2 ± 21.3a), (P2 = 19.5 ± 2.3b), (P3 = 46.3 ± 3.1a). The conclusion of this study each parameter (absolute weight, absolute length and number of ramuli) has a significant difference.
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Saefudin, Dibyo Pranowo, and Dewi Listyati. "PENGGUNAAN DUA MODEL POLATANAM PADI (Oryza sativa) DAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hipogea) DENGAN DASAR KELAPA DI KABUPATEN SUKABUMI - JAWA BARAT." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 8, no. 4 (July 15, 2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v8n4.2002.132-139.
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<p>Produktivitas lahan, tanaman dan pendapatan pctani pekebun kelapa pada umumnya rendah. Salah satu usaha untuk mengatasinya adalah dengan menanam berbagai jenis tanaman sela di antara kelapa atau disebut polatanam campuran. Untuk mengetahui penggunaan dua model pola¬ tanam padi dan kacang tanah di antara kelapa yang lebih produktif dan menguntungkan telah dilakukan penelitian di Desa Caringinnunggal, Kecamatan Ciracap, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Propinsi Jawa Barat dengan jenis tanah podsolik merah kuning, tipe iklim Cl (Oldeman), dan kctinggian tempat 250 m dpi. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara on farm dengan menggunakan mctode observasi dimulai dai bulan Juni 1999 sampai dengan Maret 2000. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah dua model polatanam yaitu : (1) padi dan kacang tanah (75% : 25%); (2) padi dan kacang tanah (50% 50%) dengan dasar kelapa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan dua model polatanam (padi + kacang tanah) campuran berpengaruh positif terhadap tanaman pokok kelapa, khususnya pada karaktcr jumlah daun, jumlah bunga betina, setting buah dan produksi nira. Produktivitas tanaman sela padi pada dua model yang diuji sangat rendah. Produktivitas padi pada model satu adalah 798 kg dan model dua 496 kg gabah kenngpanen atau masing-masing setara dengan 1 064 kg dan 992.0 kg gabah keing panen/ha petanaman kelapa. Produktivitas tanaman sela kacang tanah pada dua model yang diuji cukup tinggi. Produktivitas kacang tanah pada model satu adalah 670 kg dan model dua I 220 kg polong basah atau masing-masing setara dengan 2 680 kg dan 2 440 kg polong basah/ha petanaman kelapa. Hasil. analisis finansial menunjukkan, bahwa model polatanam satu memberikan keuntungan Rp. 904 300/ha/th, B/C ratio 1.12 dan LKM 0.0495, sedang model dua membei keuntungan Rp. 1 367 800/ha/th, B/C ratio 1.17 dan LKM 0.0333.</p><p>Kata kunci: Cocos nucifera, Oryza saliva, Arachis hipogea, polatanam campuran, Sukabumi</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Two model of rice (Oryza sativa> and peanut (Arachis hipogea) cropping system on coconut land in Sukabumi Regency -West Java</strong></p><p>The productivity of coconut smallholder's income, in general, is still low. One of the solutions to overcome this problem is to introduce some intercrops in the coconut land. This study was conducted in Cainginnunggal Village, Ciracap, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province, rom June 1999 to March 2000. The soil is red yellow podsolic, the climate is C (Oldeman), the altitude is 250 m above sea level. This research used on-farm method with two models, namely (1) ice and peanut 75%: The results of the research showed that the intercropping of rice and peanut on coconut land had good effect on coconut as the main crop, particularly on the coconut leaf number, female lower number, ruit setting, and toddy production. The productivity of ice as the intercrop was very low. On the first model was 798 kg and on the second model was 496 kg harvest dry seed or eqivalent to 1.046 kg and 992 kg harvest dry seed/ha of coconut land. The productivity of peanut as Ihe intercrop was better. On the first model was 670 kg and on the second model was I 220 kg resh pods/ha of coconut land. The results of the financial analysis indicated that the first model gave profit Rp. 904 300/ha/year, B/C ratio 1. 12 and minimum farm size is 0.0495; while me second model gave Rp. 1 367 800/ha/year, B/C ratio 1.17 and minimum farm size 0.0333.</p><p>Key words : Cocos nucifera, Oryza sativa, Arachis hipogea, coconut cropping pattern, Sukabumi</p>
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Mcgrath, D., and A. A. Myers. "The Drift Amphipod Hyale Grimaldii in Irish and British Waters." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 69, no. 4 (November 1989): 913–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400032240.
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Lincoln (1979) listed four species of Hyale Rathke from British and Irish waters. A fifth species Hyale grimaldii Chevreux has recently been collected from among goose barnacles, Lepas anatifera L., attached to drift timber washed ashore on a rocky beach in Co. Galway, west coast of Ireland. This record was referred to previously in an abstract by McGrath (1984) but no details of the occurrence or material collected was given. An earlier unconfirmed record of H. grimaldii from Scotland is listed among the Reid collection by Sanderson (1973). H. grimaldii was originally described by Chevreux (1891) from two males found among algae attached to drift timber at sea in the Atlantic, north east of the Azores. Subsequently, the species has been recorded on a number of occasions in the Mediterranean (Chevreux & de Guerne, 1893; Cecchini, 1928; Ruffo, 1946; Berner, 1976) and from the Azores, on a coconut cast ashore (Mateus & Afonso, 1974). All records of the species are from objects floating at sea or washed ashore.
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K.B., Hebbar, Arya Santhosh, Abhin P. Sukumar, Neethu P., Ramesh S.V., and Selvamani V. "Effect of sea water substitution on growth, physiological and biochemical processes of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) seedlings—A hydroponic study." Scientia Horticulturae 280 (April 2021): 109935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.109935.
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Guerreiro, PM, J. Fuentes, AV Canario, and DM Power. "Calcium balance in sea bream (Sparus aurata): the effect of oestradiol-17beta." Journal of Endocrinology 173, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1730377.
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In all teleost fishes vitellogenesis is triggered and maintained by oestradiol-17beta (E2) and is accompanied by an increase of blood plasma calcium and phosphate. The action of this hormone on calcium metabolism was investigated by treating fast-growing immature juvenile sea bream (Sparus aurata) with coconut butter implants alone (control) or implants containing 10 microg/g E2. Treatment with E2 induced the production of circulating vitellogenin, a 2.5-fold increase in plasma ionic Ca2+ and a 10-fold increase in plasma total calcium, largely bound to protein. In contrast to freshwater species, which obtain most of their calcium from the environment directly through the gills, the intestinal component of calcium uptake of the salt water-living sea bream represented up to 60-70% of the total uptake. The whole body calcium uptake, expressed as the sum of calcium obtained via intestinal and extra-intestinal (likely branchial) routes increased significantly in response to E2. Combined influx and unchanged efflux rates resulted in a significant 31% increase in net calcium uptake. There was no evidence for an effect of E2 on the calcium and phosphate content of the scales or the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity (an index for bone/scale osteoclast activity). While most freshwater fish appear to rely on internal stores of calcium, i.e. bone and/or scales to increase calcium availability, the marine sea bream accommodates calcium-transporting mechanisms to obtain calcium from the environment and preserve internal stores. These observations suggest that a fundamental difference may exist in the E2-dependent calcium regulation between freshwater and marine teleosts.
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Hamasaki, Katsuyuki, Mio Sugizaki, Ayaka Sugimoto, Yu Murakami, and Shuichi Kitada. "Emigration behaviour during sea-to-land transition of the coconut crab Birgus latro: Effects of gastropod shells, substrata, shelters and humidity." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 403, no. 1-2 (July 2011): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.04.007.
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Alfani, Yunia Vella, Pudjawati Suryatmana, and Ade Setiawan. "THE EFFECT OF ADDITIVE COMBINATION AND Azotobacter sp. TOWARDS Glycine max. L. GROWTH." Jurnal Penelitian Saintek 24, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jps.v24i2.20130.
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This study was aimed at determining the increasing of growth and production of soybean crops by giving Azotobacter sp. and additive materials such as coconut water, molasses, and bran. This research was conducted on Januari 2018 to April 2018 at Ciparanje Experimental Field Faculty of Agriculture. Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java Province, on ± 774 meters above sea level (asl) using single factor randomized block design with 10 treatments; Azotobacter sp. and additive materials combination such as coconut water, molasses, and bran in three repetitions. The observations on the parameters observed in the final vegetative phase were on plant height, chlorophyll content, and population of Azotobacter sp. using Total Plate Count (TPC) method.The results show that the application of combination additives materials and Azotobacter sp. effect on populations Azotobacter sp., chlorophyll content, plant height and number of soybean pods (Glycine max L.). Application of coconut water independently, water added with Azotobacter sp., and combination of additive with Azotobacter sp. can give the best effect to the content of chlorophyll, plant height, and soybean crops components (Glycine max. L.).PENGARUH KOMBINASI BAHAN ADITIF DAN Azotobacter sp. TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Glycine max. L.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kedelai dengan memberikan Azotobacter sp. dan aditif air kelapa, molase, serta dedak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Januari 2018-April 2018 di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jawa Barat pada ± 774 meter di atas permukaan laut (dpl). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 10 perlakuan pemberian Azotobacter sp. dan aditif air kelapa, molase, serta dedak dengan tiga ulangan. Pengamatan terhadap parameter yang diamati pada fase vegetatif akhir yaitu tinggi tanaman, kandungan klorofil, dan populasi Azotobacter sp. dengan metode Total Plate Count (TPC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi kombinasi bahan aditif dan penambahan pupuk hayati Azotobacter sp. berpengaruh terhadap populasi Azotobacter sp., kadar klorofil, tinggi tanaman dan jumlah polong tanaman kedelai (Glycine max L.). Aplikasi air kelapa secara mandiri, air kelapa yang ditambahkan dengan Azotobacter sp., dan kombinasi bahan aditif dengan Azotobacter sp. dapat memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap kandungan klorofil, tinggi tanaman, dan komponen hasil tanaman kedelai (Glycine max. L.).
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Woode, Anthony, and David Kwame Amoah. "Geological Evidence of Shoreline Erosion and Mitigation Challenges." International Journal of Technology and Management Research 1, no. 2 (March 12, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v1i2.17.
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A survey was carried out along parts of the coastal stretch of Accra, the capital of Ghana, to determine the existence andthe extent of erosion. The survey was also to determine the effectiveness of the engineering solutions that have been put inplace. Coastal land forms as evidence of erosion were identified during the field survey. These include landslides of steepcoastal cliffs, coastal caves and arches, retreat of coastal cliffs, headlands, stacks and sand dunes. These pieces of evidenceconfirm earlier findings that the coastal shoreline of Accra is being eroded. The extent of erosion, however, is high in soft rocks and low in hard rocks. Several coastal protection measures have been put in place to address the effects of erosion by the sea waves and currents. These include revetments, jetties, ripraps and beach nourishment. Some of the mitigation measures however have shown signs of failure. The signs include rusted metal basket supporting cobbles of gabions, jetties causing down-current erosion of shoreline cliffs, and reduction in coconut population along the shoreline owing to human activities, such as sand winning and diseases attacks. Sand winning along the shore is lowering shoreline morphology and enhancing sea transgression and the destruction of coastal structures.
Keywords: Erosion; Coastal landform; Coastal protection; Revetments; Shoreline morphology
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Kim, Ju Hyong, Sam Deok Cho, Yeon Soo Jang, and Soo Sam Kim. "Soft Ground Improvements Using Natural Fiber." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.629.
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In this study, natural fiber drains made with coconut coir, rice straw and jute filter were tested to evaluate their practical applicability if used in fields properly. Firstly, the tensile strength, and discharge capacity of the natural fiber drains were tested and verified prior to usage. Based on the test results, natural fiber drains excelled in tensile strength, but their initial discharge capacity obtained from composite discharge capacity tests was less than that of plastic drain board. Although their initial discharge capacity was relatively low compared to that of plastic drain board, the surface settlement from installation of the natural fiber drains, which is one of the most important factors to control the construction progress, was identical to that of plastic drain board. Therefore, it was concluded that the natural fiber drain boards satisfy the required minimum discharge capacity as a vertical drain and have great potential as a substitute for conventional plastic drain board. Secondly, long term changes in tensile strength of natural fiber drains embedded in sea water and clayey soil were examined. The tensile strength of fiber drain board in clayey soils decreased with time. These results indicated active decomposition of natural fibers embedded in sea water and clayey soils.
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TAMPAKE, HELDERING, and H. T. LUNTUNGAN. "PENDUGAAN PARAMETER GENETIK DAN KORELASI ANTAR SIFAT-SIFAT MORFOLOGI KELAPA (Cocos nucifera, Linn)." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 8, no. 3 (July 15, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v8n3.2002.97-102.
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<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui parameter genetik dan korelasi antar sifat-sifat morfologi kelapa. Bahan lanaman yang digunakan adalah 19 populasi kelapa lokal hasil koleksi dan beberapa pulau di Indonesia, ditanam di Kebun Percobaan Pakuwon, Jawa Barat pada tahun 1978 dan 1982. Tinggi tempat 450 m di atas permukaan laut dengan tipe iklim Bl menurut Oldeman. Jumlah tanaman 100 pohon, dengan jarak tanam 9 m x 9 m scgi empat untuk kelapa Dalam dan 60 pohon kelapa Genjah dengan jarak tanam 7 m x 7 m scgi empat sciiap populasi. Pengamatan dilaksanakan dalam dua lahap Mei-Agusius 1996 pada 14 populasi dan Juni-Agustus 2000 pada 5 populasi saat tanaman kelapa berumur 18 tahun. Tanaman yang diamati 4 pohon diulang 3 kali setiap populasi sehingga total tanaman yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 19x4x3 « 228 pohon. Sifat yang diamati meliputi sifat-sifat morfologi batang, daun dan rangkaian bunga Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabilitas genetik sifal-sifal morfologi kelapa umumnya sempil. Beberapa sifat seperti: diameter batang 1,5 m dai permukaan lanah, panjang batang 11 bckas daun, langkai bunga tanpa bunga betina, dan jumlah bunga betina menunjukkan variabilitas genetik yang luas Pada umumnya hcritabilitas dalam am luas dan kemajuan genetik dalam persen untuk semua sifat tinggi, kecuali hentabilitas sifat tangkai bunga membawa bunga betina bemilai sedang. Terdapat korelasi genetik positif yang nyata pada sifat-sifat morfologi batang dengan daun dan rangkaian bunga, kecuali dengan jumlah bunga betina/tandan dan jumlah tandan/ph/lh. Dari 15 sifat yang diamati, hanya 6 sifat yang mempunyai korelasi genetik nyata dengan sifat jumlah bunga betina/tandan yaitu: diameter batang 1.5 m dari permukaan lanah (rg = -0.5215*), panjang batang 11 bckas daun (rg • -0.5369*), lebar anak daun (rg ■ -0.5961**), tebal tangkai landan (rg = 0.5802**), panjang rangkaian bunga (rg ■ -0,6143**), dan panjang tangkai bunga (rg = -0.4907*), sehingga sifat-sifat tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai kiteia seleksi untuk memperoleh jumlah bunga betina banyak per mayang pada lanaman kelapa.</p><p>Kata kunci: Kelapa, parameter genetik, korelasi, sifat morfologi</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Correlation Between Morphological Traits in Coconut (Cocos nucifera, Linn)</strong></p><p>The objective of this experiment was to determine genetic parameters and correlation between morphological trails on the coconut population. A total of 19 local coconut populations were collected from some islands in Indonesia, planted at Pakuwon Experimental Garden, West Java in 1978 and 1982. The altitude is 450 meters above sea level with climate type Bl Oldeman. The total number of sample is 100 palms for each tall coconut with planting distance 9 x 9 m and 60 palms for each dwarf coconut with planting distance 7 x 7m. The observation was done in two steps i.e.: May - August 1996 on 14 populations and June - August 2000 on 5 populations when the coconut population was 18 years old. A number of 4 palms with 3 replications were observed of each population to measure morphological traits of he stem, leaf and inflorescence. Therefore, the total palms used in the experiment were 19 x 4 x 3 = 228. The results revealed that the genetic vaiability of coconut morphological trait were generally narrow. A few traits i.e.: stem diameter 1 5 m from ground level, stem length of 11 leaf scars, spadix without female flower, and number of female flowers/bunch showed a wide degree of variability. In general, the heritabilily estimates in broad sense and genetic gained in percent for all trails were high, except the henlability of spadix with female flower Irait was lowly. A positive significant genetic correlation were found to the morphology traits of stem with leaf and inllorcsccncc except Uic number of female flower/bunch and number of bunch/palm/ycar. From fifteen traits, only six traits had significant genetic correlation with the number of female flower Ihcy were diameter stem 1 5 m from ground level (rg 0.5215*), stem length of 11 leaf scars (rg - -0.5369'), leaflet width (rg - -0.5961**), peduncle thickness (rg 0.5802**), length of inflorescence (rg -0.6143**), and length of spadix (rg -0.4907*), and these traits could be used as selection criteria for selecting high female flower bunch on the coconut.</p><p>Keywords ;Cocos nucifera. genetic parameters, correlation, mor- phological trails</p>
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Ogo, D. U. I., A. O. Ette, and A. I. Iyorchir. "Feasibility of Sea and Coconut Shells as Substitute to Barium Carbonate (BaCO3) in Small Scale Foundry and Heat Treatment Shop in Nigeria." ISIJ International 35, no. 2 (1995): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.35.203.
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Olatunde, Oladipupo Odunayo, Soottawat Benjakul, and Kitiya Vongkamjan. "Combined Effect of Ethanolic Coconut Husk Extract and Modified Atmospheric Packaging (MAP) in Extending the Shelf Life of Asian Sea Bass Slices." Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology 28, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 689–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10498850.2019.1629138.
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Nguyen, Thom Thi, Thu Phuong Nguyen, Hong Thi Cao, Kieu Anh Thi Vo, Thu Trang Thi Nguyen, Mai Thanh Thi Dinh, Dai Lam Tran, and Nam Thi Pham. "Effects of Additives and Conductors on Properties of Conducting Porous Composite Based on Activated Carbon." Communications in Physics 30, no. 4 (November 2, 2020): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/30/4/15441.
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Climate change is increasingly clear and threatening to human life. One of the consequences of climate change is the increase of sea level leading to saline intrusion and serious shortage of fresh water. Today, some technologies are used to treat saline water such as Reverse Osmosis technology (RO), Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) technology, and Multi-Stage Discharge Technology (MSF), Electrodialysis (ED) and Capacitive Deionization (CDI). Among them, CDI technology is a technique for energy-saving and economical. The conductive composite electrode based on activated carbon from Tra Bac coconut shell charcoal were fabricated which were used as a electrode for CDI device. In this study, effect of adhesives and conductors on characterization and properties of the materials was investigated. The adhessive of PVDf and conductor of CNTs was chosen. With ratio of AC/CNTs = 9:1, the composite had a specific surface area of BET of about 517 m2/g and pore size of 1.71 nm.
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Gabriel, Theodore. "Caste conflict In Kalpeni Island." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 51, no. 3 (October 1988): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00116489.
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Kalpeni is one of the islands of the enchantingly beautiful small archipelago known as Lakshadweep, a group of diminutive coral islands lying off the southwest coast of India, scattered on the Arabian sea 200 to 400 kilometres off the Kerala Coast. The islands, though small, are densely populated-inhabited by an interesting tribal people, who are engaged mainly in cultivation of the coconut tree, and as a side-line, in fishing. The archipelago is part of the Republic of India, and is ruled directly by the Central Government since 1958. The events narrated in this article, however, took place when the islands were attached for administrative purposes to the districts of Malabar and South Kanara of the Madras Presidency (as most of British South India was called in the colonial days). Kalpeni Island was situated in that part of this territory of which the District Collector of Malabar was the supreme authority.
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Roemer, H., G. Kaiser, H. Sterr, and R. Ludwig. "Using remote sensing to assess tsunami-induced impacts on coastal forest ecosystems at the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2010): 729–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-729-2010.
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Abstract. The December 2004 tsunami strongly impacted coastal ecosystems along the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. In this paper tsunami-induced damage of five different coastal forest ecosystems at the Phang-Nga province coast is analysed with a remote sensing driven approach based on multi-date IKONOS imagery. Two change detection algorithms, change vector analysis (CVA) and direct multi-date classification (DMC), are applied and compared regarding their applicability to assess tsunami impacts. The analysis shows that DMC outperforms CVA in terms of accuracy (Kappa values for DMC ranging between 0.947 and 0.950 and between 0.610–0.730 for CVA respectively) and the degree of detail of the created change classes. Results from DMC show that mangroves were the worst damaged among the five forests, with a 55% of directly damaged forest in the study area, followed by casuarina forest and coconut plantation. Additionally this study points out the uncertainties in both methods which are mainly due to a lack of ground truth information for the time between the two acquisition dates of satellite images. The created damage maps help to better understand the way the tsunami impacted coastal forests and give basic information for estimating tsunami sensitivity of coastal forests.
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Tkachenko, Alina, Lyudmila Guba, Yulia Basova, Elena Goryachova, and Ivan Syrokhman. "Developing organic cookies with improved consumer properties using safety management approaches." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 11 (110) (April 30, 2021): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.230123.
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In order to improve the mineral, vitamin composition, and nutritional value of flour confectionery products, new recipes for the "Flori" and "Janet" cookies baked from organic raw materials have been devised. Fully organic raw materials are used in the formulations of both products. The composition of cookies includes spelt flour, cornflour, coconut sugar, butter, dry coconut milk, sea buckthorn oil, hemp oil, lemon balm powder. The organoleptic assessment of cookies was conducted according to a 50-point scale developed by the authors of this paper. The developed samples ranked high on the tasting score: "Flori" (48.12) and "Janet" (49.25). The fat content was decreased in both samples; in the "Flori" sample ‒ by 0.9 g/100 g, and in the "Janet" sample ‒ by 1.2 g/100 g. The protein content increased in the samples, especially in the "Flori" cookies ‒ by 2.3 g/100 g. The "Janet" cookie sample demonstrated the lowest energy value of 380.50 kcal/100 g. The samples were distinguished by the low content of mercury, cadmium, and arsenic. The content of all mineral elements except for sodium increased in the developed biscuits. The potassium content increased by 2.34 times in the "Flori" biscuits and by 2.29 times in the "Janet" biscuits. The calcium content in the "Flori" cookies increased by 3.13 times, in the "Janet" cookies ‒ by 3.64 times. The content of manganese in both samples increased noticeably. Consuming the developed organic cookies makes it possible to increase the level of meeting the human body's requirements for macro- and microelements. The Ishikawa method was used to identify the main factors affecting the safety of cookies. A flowchart of cookie production was drawn up; the critical points were identified. These include the acceptance inspection of raw materials, heat treatment. The data obtained can be used by the confectionery industry to expand the range of organic products.
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Waluyati, Letari Rahayu. "POLA TANAM OPTIMAL PADA LAHAN PANTAI DI KABUPATEN KULONPROGO." Agro Ekonomi 8, no. 2 (November 29, 2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agroekonomi.16815.
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The objective of this study is to observe the optimal crops pattern of coastal land in Kulon Progo district. Selection of the location is used purposive method at six villages within four sub-district which have coastal land such as Temon, Wates, Panjatan and Galur. Sixty farmers sampling were taken as purposive method for several plant pattern of coastal land.The result showed that most commodities are horticulture such as chili, watermelon and peanut. The general problem for planting in the coastal land are water and sea wind. They use water well pump and "renteng" well , while for wind barrier they use coconut leaves and acacia.The crops pattern of the farmer who cultivate in coastal land 0,5 - 2 ha/year and no credits, crops pattern optimal are (1) peanut - chili-watermelon; (2) watermelon- ch/i-chili and (3) "bero" - chili-watermelon. For the same land, for farmer who have KUT credits with discount rate 10,5%, crops pattern optimal are (1) peanut-chili-watermelon (2) watermelon-chili-chili. The same crops pattern optimal suggested for credit with discount rate 22%
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Pangerapan, Mianty ,., O. Esry H. Laoh, and Ellen G. Tangkere. "ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN KONSUMSI MASYARAKAT PESISIR PANTAI (Studi Kasus: Di Dusun Rarumis Desa Karor Kecamatan Lembean Timur)." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 14, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.14.1.2018.18960.
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The study aims to determine the income and consumption of coastal communities in Rarumis hamlet eastern sub-district of Lembean. The data used are primary data and secondarydata. Primary data were obtained by using direct interview of technique on respondents by using questionnaire (questionnaire). While secondary data is obtained from Karor village office ofeastern sub-district of Lembean. Sample method in this study used population method where sampling or data taken as a whole. The concept of meansurement of variables used in householdconsumption and income levels. The result of this research shows that Hamlet Rarumis Districts of eastern daienan there are two income from society that is basic income as farmer obtained byresult of plant of chili, corn, coconut and side income as farm laborer working in owned land of others, as fisherman doing fish at sea for sale in other villages, as well as small businesses by opening stalls. Income that the perolwh community is used to meet the consumption of each family through the expenditure of primary, secondary and tertiary needs.
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Puspitarini, Putri Anggun, Hidayati Istiqomah, Putty Ekadewi, Tania Surya Utami, Rita Arbianti, and Heri Hermansyah. "Optimizing a concentration of NaCl and 2Na2CO3∙3H2O with microbial desalination cell from the usage of UI lake water." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702005.
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Microbial Desalination Cell (MDC) is one of a Bio Electrochemical technology and also modification technology of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), MDC is a method that desalinate a sea water. In the use of this MDC system, the bio electrode that use is from coconut shell charcoal. The use of charcoal as Bio Electrode because it has a low cost as well as environmentally friendly, and charcoal doesn’t have some toxic properties. Another problem besides the use of bio electrode, is the imbalance between the pH and the chamber becomes another obstacle to the MDC system and the impact of some approaches leads to increased cost of capital and operational costs. In order to overcome these barriers by cost, Lake UI is used as the substrate and Sodium percarbonate (SP or 2Na2CO3∙3H2O) also used as a natural buffered electrolyte. Based on the results of variations of SP concentration, best concentration of SP was at 0.15 M (SR=15.14%), concentration NaCl at 35 g/L were able to reduce the mass of 3.626 g to 3.077 g with salinity 30.77 g/L.
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Mujiono, Dadang Ilham Kurniawan, Kurnianto Rombe Rante, and Rivaldi Nasution. "Identifikasi Potensi dan Ancaman Eco-tourism Kecamatan Biduk Biduk Kabupaten Berau Provinsi Kalimantan Timur." Jurnal Pariwisata Terapan 3, no. 1 (September 3, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpt.49215.
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Indonesia famous throughout the world as archipelago state followed with tropical climate, as a result this country is full with magnificent natural tourism. One of extraordinary tourist attraction is Indonesia’s underwater world, and one them located in East Kalimantan Province. Despite the fame of natural resources, this province also providing remarkable natural attraction, especially Berau District, precisly in Biduk Biduk Sub-District. Although this area own magnificent tourist attraction, yet the area is experiencing numerous challenges and threat. In terms of research methodology, this scientific paper adopt descriptive analyze which describe the natural tourism potency and analyze the challenges and threats associated with tourist attraction in Biduk Biduk sub-district. Moreover, the type of data classified as primer data, where the author conducting field research in Biduk Biduk sub-district through direct observation, in-depth interview and collect the data in associate institutions. The result shows that natural tourism in Biduk Biduk sub-district can divided into two categories, and those are land based and sea based. Furthermore, possible obstacles which experienced by this area are related with the plan to open the coconut palm oil and the lack of promotion as well as the road infrastructures.
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TAMPAKE, HELDERING, WILY A. BARINGBING, and H. T. LUNTUNGAN. "PRODUKTIVITAS KELAPA HIBRIDA KHINA-1 DAN PB-121 DI LAHAN MINERAL DAN GAMBUT." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 8, no. 3 (July 15, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v8n3.2002.91-96.
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<p>Penelitian dilaksanakan pada lahan mineral dan lahan gambut Perkebunan Kelapa PT. Sac Nusantara di Kecamatan Mcsudji, Kabupaten Tulangbawang, Propinsi Lampung selama dua tahun (Juni 1999 - Juni 2001). lokasi penelitian terletak pada kelinggian 9 - 23 m dpi. dengan jenis tanah mineral yakni Podsolik Merah Kuning (PMK) dan lahan gambut rawa lebak yang tidak dipengaruhi pasang surul air laut. Curah hujan tahunan 2100 mm dengan 8 bulan basah dan 4 bulan kering. Jenis kelapa yang digunakan yakni kelapa hibrida PB-121 (MYDxWAT) dan KHINA-1 (GKNxDTA) yang ditanam tahun 1992 pada jarak tanam 9 m x 9 m segitiga. Penanaman menggunakan sistem blok yang luasnya antara 15 - 20 ha dan 10 blok diantaranya pada setiap ekosistem ditanami kelapa hibrida PB-121 dan KHINA-1. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan jenis hibrida sebagai perlakuan dan blok sebagai ulangan Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui produktivitas kelapa hibida PB-121 dan KHINA-1 skala pengembangan di lahan mineral dan gambut. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap sifat-sifat jumlah tandan/ph/Oi, jumlah buah/tandan, jumlah buah, berat daging dan berat kopra/ph/th selama 24 bulan panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat intcraksi antara genolip x lingkungan tumbuh pada semua sifat. Jumlah landan/ph/th sangat dipengaruhi lingkungan tumbuh sedangkan jumlah buah/tandan. jumlah buah/ph/th, berat dagingphth dan berat kopra/ph/th dipengaruhi genolip lanaman. Di lahan gambut jumlah tandan/ph/th lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan lahan mineral, sedangkan jumlah buah/tandan, jumlah buah/ph/th, berat daging/ph/th dan berat kopra/ph/th kelapa hibrida KHINA-1 lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan PB-121, baik di lahan mineral maupun lahan gambut. Hal itu merupakan suatu indikasi bahwa KHINA-1 lebih adaliT terhadap berbagai lingkungan tumbuh.</p><p>Kata kunci: Kelapa, produktivitas, kelapa hibrida, lahan mineral, lahan gambut</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Productivity of hybrid coconut KHINA-1 and PB-121 in mineral and peat soil</strong></p><p>This research was conducted in mineral and peat soil of PT. Sac Nusantara Coconut Plantation at Mesudji District, Tulangbawang Regency, Lampung Province for two years (June 1999 - June 2001). The altitudes were 9-23 meters above sea level, type of mineral soil is Red Yellow Podsolic (PMK) and peat soil of low lands wamps. 'The rainfalls were 2100 millimeters a year with 8 wet months and 4 dry mondis. The experiment used two coconut varieties i.e.: PB-121 (MYDxWAT) and KHINA-1 (GKNxDTA) hybrid, planted in 1992 with plant spacing 9 m x 9 m triangle. The plant planting used in block system were 15 - 20 Ha. a width and 10 blocks among these on each ecosystem planted PB-121 and KHINA-1 hybrids. The experiment was designed as a randomized block design with two hybrids as a treatment and blocks as replication. The objective of this study was to know the production of PB-121 and KHINA- 1 on a developed scale in mineral and peat soil. The observation character was done during 24 months to die number of bunch/palm/year, number of nut/bunch, total number of nut, weight of meat and weight of copra/ palm/year. Results of the experiment showed that there was genotype x environment interaction of die caracters observed. The number of bunch/ palm/year caused by environment conditions but the number of nut/ bunch, he total number of nut, weight of meal and weight of copra/palm/ycar were caused by genotype. On the peat soil, the total number of bunch/ palm/year higher than die mineral soil. The number of nuts/hunch. number of nuts.palm/year, weight of meat/palm/year and weight of copra/palm/ycar of the KHINA-1 in the peal soil were higher than those of PB-121 hybrid in mineral and peal soil. This indicated that KHINA-1 hybrid was more adaptive to the cnvironmcnl conditions.</p><p>Key words : Coconut, productivity, hybrid coconut, mineral soil, peat soil</p>
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Hala, Yusafir, Syahruddin udin Kasim, and Indah Raya. "FORMULASI PAKAN UNGGUL BERBASIS BIOTEKNOLOGI LIMBAH ORGANIK LOKAL UNTUK IKAN LELE ORGANIK KUALITAS EKSPOR." KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia 5, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2019.v5.i2.12926.
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Research on Superior Feed Formulations Based on Local Organic waste Biotechnology for Export quality organic Catfish. Research Objective: The discovery of feed types of tilapia and organic catfish that have export quality nutritional content based on the best quality local marine organic waste through a touch of biotechnology. Furthermore, the complete chemical composition of the waste used and feed components is obtained. Research Methods: Determine the best composition of biomass of marine organic waste and local onshore organic wastes with the highest levels of protein and carbohydrates and integrated with other wastes. The nutritional content is analyzed, namely: Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and supporting minerals, namely: Fe, K and Ca. Instrumentation used to support the research objectives is AAS and HPLC. Research Results: Export quality organic catfish pellet feed in the form of waste: marine fish, sea shrimp waste, sea crab waste, rice bran waste, corn waste, mixed organic waste, golden snail waste, seaweed waste and coconut water waste respectively (27; 15; 7.5; 33; 3; 2.5; 5; 2.5 and 2) %b/ b, starch 2% b/b and marine phytoplankton biomass 0.5% b/b. The nutritional content of organic catfish pellets that have been produced, namely: 51% protein b/b, 24% carbohydrate b/b, 9% fat b/b, crude fiber 8%b/b, water content 2 - 2.5%b/b, mineral Fe 1% b/b, mineral K 1% b/b, mineral Ca 1%b/b, ash content 2 - 2.5%b/b. Feed packing for export quality organic catfish pellets is given the "SANTARI-KU" label.
Keywords: Superior feed, local organic waste biotechnology, export quality organic catfish, Santari-ku.
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Olatunde, Oladipupo Odunayo, Soottawat Benjakul, and Kitiya Vongkamjan. "Cold plasma combined with liposomal ethanolic coconut husk extract: A potential hurdle technology for shelf-life extension of Asian sea bass slices packaged under modified atmosphere." Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 65 (October 2020): 102448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102448.
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Hamasaki, Katsuyuki, Ayaka Sugimoto, Mio Sugizaki, Yu Murakami, and Shuichi Kitada. "Ontogeny of sinking velocity, body density, and phototactic behaviour in larvae of the coconut crab Birgus latro: Implications for larval dispersal and recruitment in the sea." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 442 (April 2013): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2013.02.001.
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Novita, Aryandini, Muhamad Alnoza, and Sigit Eko Prasetyo. "Temuan Botol Dari Pulau Enggano. Analisis Sejarah dan Teknologi Pembuatan." PURBAWIDYA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Arkeologi 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24164/pw.v9i1.316.
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Enggano island is one of the foremost islands of the Republic of Indonesia in the western part of Sumatera. Geologically, this island has never been integrated with the sumateran mainland, in contrast to the upper islands such as, Nias and Mentawai, thus, the only access to this island is from the sea. From the result of study in the field, it is known that this island was once used as a coconut plantation land by the Dutch, and controlled by the Japanese since 1943. During Japanese period, the island was focused on being a naval base as evidenced by the existence of defense buildings such as pillboxes and bunkers on the Enggano coast. One of the archeological findings that is interesting and has never been studied is the bottle. From the results of the analysis, the findings of the bottle have a different form, origin, and technology. The technology of making bottles has developed from time to time. This technology is known from the traces of its manufacture, namely the vertical lines and bubbles contained in the bottle. From the results of the reading of the inscriptions and bottle comparisons, it is known that the bottles are from Europe and Asia, and contain a type of alcoholic beverage.
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Rodrigues, Jose Carlos Verle, Michael H. Cosh, E. Raymond Hunt, Gilberto J. de Moraes, Geovanny Barroso, William A. White, and Ronald Ochoa. "Tracking Red Palm Mite Damage in the Western Hemisphere Invasion with Landsat Remote Sensing Data." Insects 11, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090627.
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Red palm mites (Raoiella indica Hirst, Acari: Tenuipalpidae) were first observed in the western hemisphere on the islands and countries surrounding the Caribbean Sea, infesting the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.). Detection of invasive pests usually relies upon changes in vegetation properties as result of the pest activity. These changes may be visible in time series of satellite data records, such as Landsat satellites, which have been available with a 16-day repeat cycle at a spatial resolution of 30 m since 1982. Typical red palm mite infestations result in the yellowing of the lower leaves of the palm crown; remote sensing model simulations have indicated that this feature may be better detected using the green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI). Using the Google Earth Engine programming environment, a time series of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper, Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager data was generated for plantations in northern and northeast Brazil, El Salvador, and Trinidad-Tobago. Considering the available studied plantations, there were little or no differences of GNDVI before and after the dates when red palm mites were first revealed at each location. A discussion of possible alternative approaches are discussed related to the limitations of the current satellite platforms.