Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sea Fish

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Sea Fish'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sea Fish"

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D'Onghia, Gianfranco, Domingo Lloris, Chrissi-Yianna Politou, Letizia Sion, and John Dokos. "New records of deep-water teleost fish in the Balearic Sea and Ionian Sea (Mediterranean Sea)." Scientia Marina 68, S3 (December 30, 2004): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2004.68s3171.

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D'Onghia, Gianfranco, Chrissi Yianna Politou, Anna Bozzano, Domingo Lloris, Guiomar Rotllant, Letizia Sión, and Francesco Mastrototaro. "Deep-water fish assemblages in the Mediterranean Sea." Scientia Marina 68, S3 (December 30, 2004): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2004.68s387.

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Gorbatovskiy, Andrey, Irina Rakityanskaya, and Marina Kaledina. "Minced products from undersized sea fish: new industrial technology." Foods and Raw Materials 9, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2021-1-87-94.

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Introduction. The ever-growing world population and protein deficiency increase the demand for products of animal origin, especially fish-based. However, canned foods and fillets, which are the most popular types of fish products, are made from medium-sized and large fish. In spite of the fact that undersized fish is cheap, it requires manual processing and remains so time and labour consuming that it is utilized for non-food purposes. The research objective was to develop a new technology for processing undersized sea fish into minced ready-to-eat products. Study objects and methods. The study featured experimental samples of fish mince with texturing agents and food additives vs. control samples of pure fish mince. The experiment involved block-frozen Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens L.). The anchovy was minced without pre-defrosting, gutting, or beheading. The experimental and control samples underwent sensory evaluation and were tested for moisture content, water-binding capacity, and rheological properties using a PNDP-penetrometer. Results and discussion. Adding 3.6% of wheat fiber, ≤ 15% of pea flour, ≤ 10% of textured soy, and 12% of onion improved the sensory and technological profiles of the finished product. The recommended mass fraction of fish in the finished product did not exceed 55%, as a higher amount deteriorated the sensory quality of the product. The textured soy provided the optimal texture. The fish balls were cooked from the fish mince, which were deep-fried in breadcrumbs, received a high score for sensory properties and could be recommended as basis for various formulations. Conclusion. Minced undersized fish, traditionally used as fertilizers or crude product, proved to be an advantageous semi-finished and ready-to-eat product. The developed technology is relevant for most undersized block-frozen sea fish.
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Čož-Rakovac R, R., I. Strunjak-Perović, N. Topić Popović, M. Hacmanjek, B. Šimpraga, and E. Teskeredžić. "Health status of wild and cultured sea bass in the northern Adriatic Sea." Veterinární Medicína 47, No. 8 (March 30, 2012): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5828-vetmed.

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A complex survey has been conducted in the northern Adriatic Sea over a period of one year that included comparative parasitological, bacteriological, virological, histological and biochemical studies of the cultured and wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). The results show that parasite infestations were due mainly to ectoparasitic monogenea Diplectanum sp. in both cultured and wild sea bass. Philometra sp. and Lernaea sp. were detected in wild sea bass while Triaenophorus sp. and Eimeria sp. were found in reared sea bass. Bacterial pathogens isolated from both reared and wild sea bass belong to Pseudomonadaceae (Pseudomonas sp., P. fluorescens) and unknown Gram-negative bacteria. Moraxellaceae (Acinetobacter sp.), Vibrionaceae (Shewanella putrefaciens), Enterobacteriaceae (Pantoea agglomerans) and Flavobacterium sp. were isolated from reared fish only. Virological examinations were negative. Histological analysis revealed “fatty liver” (fatty infiltration and degeneration) in the cultured fish. Triglyceride, cholesterol and glucose levels were higher in cultured sea bass (2.55 ± 1.77 mmol/l, 3.68 ± 1.43 mmol/l and 9.97 ± 3.33 mmol/l, respectively) than in wild fish (0.80 ± 0.57 mmol/l, 2.95 ± 0.77 mmol/l and 4.79 ± 3.29 mmol/l, respectively). The present paper contributes to establishing a relationship between disease and pathophysiological conditions in wild and cultured fish.
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Akyol, Okan, Tevfik Ceyhan, F. Ozan Düzbastılar, Aytaç Özgül, and Halil Şen. "Wild fish diversity around the sea-cage fish farms in the Aegean Sea." Vol:36 Issue:3 36, no. 3 (September 15, 2019): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.3.08.

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Structures, floating on the surface of the ocean attract both juvenile and adult fishes in great numbers and diversity. Natural and artificial Fish Aggregation Devices (FADs) in open seas are widely recognised for their capacity to attract pelagic fishes. It can be assumed that floating sea-cages act as a kind of FAD. Even, fish aggregations beneath the sea-cages increase much more by the influence of feeding. In this study, aggregations of wild fish were counted around six sea-cage fish farms in both northern and southern Aegean Sea. Each fish farm cultivated Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax and the farms deployed between 720 m and 3 km far from the coast. Between July 2015 and July 2017, assemblages of wild fish were counted bimonthly on two separate days at each of these farms. The Rapid Visual Counts (RVC) in five minutes with SCUBA and covering 11250 m3 were performed for six times within each farm. A total of 40 species, belonging to 22 families were recorded at fish farms, with 3 families, Sparidae (7 species), Carangidae (6 species) and Mugilidae (4 species) being particularly abundant. The results of the study and other studies conducted in other parts of the Mediterranean were merged; it was found that a total of 99 fish species were listed around sea-cage fish farms in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Gorbunov, P. A., Yu V. Pashkina, N. YU Gorbunova, A. V. Pashkin, S. A. Vedeneev, O. L. Kulikova, M. L. Gusarova, et al. "EXOTIC DISEASES OF SEA FISH." Issues of Legal Regulation in Veterinary Medicine 1 (January 2020): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2072-6023.2020.1.108.

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Foekema, Edwin M., Corine De Gruijter, Mekuria T. Mergia, Jan Andries van Franeker, AlberTinka J. Murk, and Albert A. Koelmans. "Plastic in North Sea Fish." Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 15 (August 6, 2013): 8818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es400931b.

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ODENT, M., L. MCMILLAN, and T. KIMMEL. "Prenatal care and sea fish." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 68 (September 1996): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-2115(96)02476-1.

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Daan, N., P. J. Bromley, J. R. G. Hislop, and N. A. Nielsen. "Ecology of North Sea fish." Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 26, no. 2-4 (November 1990): 343–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(90)90096-y.

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Milner, Nigel. "FISH ATLAS OF THE CELTIC SEA, NORTH SEA, AND BALTIC SEA." Journal of Fish Biology 89, no. 2 (August 2016): 1511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13072.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sea Fish"

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Abuzinadah, Osama A. H. "Studies on Red Sea fish." Thesis, Swansea University, 1990. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43156.

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Baudron, Alan Ronan. "Length-based modelling of North Sea fish growth." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=192287.

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This thesis focuses on the temporal variations in growth affecting commercial species of fish in the North Sea. The aims were firstly to review the modelling tools available to study fish growth in the North Sea, and secondly to investigate the implications of the observed increase in North Sea temperature on the growth of commercial fish species. The von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) is a reliable and flexible model to study fish growth and was employed throughout this thesis. The age-length keys (ALKs) used to model fish growth were length-stratified samples and were showed to result in biased VBGF parameter estimates. Thus, ALKs should be corrected by the length frequency observed in the population when possible. A warming trend has been observed in the North Sea over the last decades, with an overall increase of 1 °C in the northern North Sea. These warming temperatures were significantly linked with a decrease in asymptotic length (L∞) and an increase in the rate at which L∞ is reached (K) observed for North Sea haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Incorporating the temperature covariate into an extended VBGF to model haddock growth allowed quantifying a decrease in weight-at-age up to 40% at age 10 occurring at warmer temperatures, resulting in a 20% loss of individual yield. A meta-analysis was then conducted across North Sea commercial species and confirmed that most species experienced a synchronous decline in L∞, with the exception of cod (Gadus morhua) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus). This strongly suggests that the increase in temperature is the cause of the changes observed in VBGF parameters. Overall, the findings suggest that, in many commercial fish species of the North Sea, the increase in temperature induced a faster growth towards a smaller asymptotic length. This is likely to jeopardize fisheries yields and thus to affect the economic efficiency of North Sea fisheries. The results of this thesis advocate that the effect of temperature on growth is large enough to be incorporated into North Sea fish stock assessment models.
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Milligan, Rosanna J. "Natural and anthropogenic drivers of deep-sea fish populations." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5981/.

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Deep-sea demersal fish are likely to be highly important in structuring deep-sea ecosystems, but a paucity of data means that relatively little is known about the spatial and temporal processes that influence their distributions or how these may change at different scales of observation. As human activities continue to expand into deeper waters, the importance of understanding these processes is becoming increasingly urgent. The oil and gas industry are expanding into deeper waters as coastal oil reserves diminish, but potential long-term effects on the benthos are unknown. Time-lapse photographic data collected from within an active oil field on the Angolan continental slope (tropical eastern Atlantic) detected no significant differences in the community composition of fish compared to a reference site. Significant seasonal changes in the total abundance of demersal fish were detected however, with >20-fold increases in abundance recorded from the oil-field observatory. These results suggest that the deep-sea environment in this region is likely to be highly dynamic over seasonal and decadal timescales, and some possible drivers are discussed. Understanding the spatial distributions of fish is important in understanding their potential ecological roles within an ecosystem and how they may benefit from spatially-explicit management measures. In the bathyal NE Atlantic, the demersal fish communities associated with cold-water corals (CWC) appeared to be influenced by processes operating at multiple spatial scales. At the broadest scales (100s km), depth was a significant predictor of community composition, while habitat type was significant at the finest scales (m). These results highlight the need to account for the effects of scale in observational research and may explain why no consensus has thus far been reached regarding the role of CWC habitats for deep-water fish in the NE Atlantic and provide a possible framework for approaching future deep-water community studies. In abyssal depths, the importance of habitat heterogeneity in structuring fish communities has never been previously studied. Investigations of the spatial distributions of demersal abyssal fish around a small (c. 250 m high) abyssal hill showed that the distribution pattern of the total fish fauna and the two dominant taxa were not significantly different from random. Random distributions are unusual in nature and these results suggest that the environment may be essentially homogeneous to abyssal fish at spatial scales between 100 m – 10 km and suggests no influence of the abyssal hill on the fish fauna. The results highlight the great potential value of autonomous vehicles in extending abyssal research over broader spatial scales. Experimental studies investigating the effects of large-scale ecological processes on deep-water ecosystems are often unfeasible. Mathematical models can provide an alternative methodology, but have not been widely applied to the deep sea. In Chapter 5, a simple mathematical model was developed to explore the effects of large, transient resource pulses on the population dynamics of the abyssal holothurian Amperima rosea. Large, apparently transient increases in the biomass of this species have been observed at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain during two “Amperima events”, but the mechanisms leading to the increases remain unclear. The simulations showed that Amperima biomasses within the observed range of the smaller “Amperima event” could be simulated in some circumstances following the addition of a single, large resource pulse (10000 – 20000 g POC ha-1) to the model, which led to a short-term, transient increase in Amperima biomass before a return to previous levels. None of the simulations produced unstable population dynamics. While the scarcity of empirical data from the PAP means that these results must be treated cautiously, they highlight the potential for temporal changes in food supply to rapidly alter the dynamics of abyssal populations.
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Bridson, Jessica. "The effect of fishing on the evolution of North Sea Cod." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=9352.

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Sullivan, Katherine B. "Replacement of fish meal by alternative protein sources in diets for juvenile black sea bass." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/sullivank/katherinesullivan.pdf.

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Newton, Paul William. "The trophic ecology of offshore demersal teleosts in the North Irish Sea." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250301.

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O'Sullivan, Martha. "Population structure of demersal fish species in the north eastern Atlantic." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: no access until Dec. 31, 2010. Online version available for University members only until June 2, 2011, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=26063.

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Ok, Meltem. "Evaluation Of The Demersal Fish Assemblages Of The Northeastern Levant Sea." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615068/index.pdf.

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Ecosystem-level changes have taken place in the Mediterranean Sea over the last decades due to both anthropogenic interferences and natural perturbations. Compared to the western Mediterranean Sea, influences of these factors especially on flora and fauna characteristics are much more dramatic and intense in the eastern part, particularly in the northeastern Levant Sea where the study area is located. In this study, life history traits of some core species (both native and immigrant) occupying the continental shelf of the northeastern Levant Sea were studied in this changing ecosystem to improve limited ecological understanding of the demersal fish assemblages of the northeastern Levant Sea. For this purpose, the annual patterns in allocation and utilization of energy in demersal fish species, temporal and bathymetrical trends in fish distribution with respect to biological requirements of the species and strategies adapted by the species in growth, reproduction and energy storage were investigated by examining growth parameters, biological indices and abundance and biomass variations. Influences of environmental variables on spatiotemporal distribution and biological characteristic of Mullus barbatus were also explored by generalized additive models. Biological data were collected at monthly intervals between May 2007 and May 2010 by trawl sampling while sample collection of environmental variables (temperature and salinity) was performed from December 2008 to May 2010. Results of this study reveal that the components of the demersal fish assemblage in the region fulfill their biological activities within a short period of time when the highest productivity is reached in the area. Moreover, results indicate that within this short period of time, some native components of the demersal fish assemblages studied (Mullus barbatus and Pagellus erythrinus) exhibit strategies such as fast growth, early maturation, short reproduction season, secondary spawners to cope with the environmental peculiarities. On the other hand, the successful exotic colonizers develop strategies as well but these successful immigrants also use time (Lagocephalus suezensis) and space (depth) (Upeneus pori) slot that the native species avoid. In some of the species examined (Mullus barbatus and Lagocephalus suezensis), growth is fast, sexual maturity is early, reproduction period is short, and reproduction potential is high. With the peculiar environmental condition, these life history traits are attributed to the &ldquo
r-strategy&rdquo
of the species. In this study, generalized additive models of Mullus barbatus explain 81.5 % variations in Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), 55.2 % in Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) and 43.9 % in Condition Factor (K). The time component in the GAM model captures the same cyclic pattern observed in GSI of Mullus barbatus. Besides, The GAM results suggest that the highest GSI values associated with the bottom water temperature are between 18 &ndash
19 °
C while the partial effect of bottom salinity is at 38.7 psu. A positive effect of depth on GSI of the species starts after 60 meters depth and increasing trend continues until 125 meters depth and then decreases. The HSI results are almost identical to GSI outputs indicating that the effects of the parameters concerned act in a similar manner. The results of the GAM models failed to explain influence of environmental parameters on vertical and seasonal distribution of adult Mullus barbatus. However 83.5 % variances were explained in distribution of juveniles. The salinity and temperature have the highest impact on the distribution of juveniles among the parameters evaluated. The results indicate that the occurrence of Atlantic Water in the area has a positive influence on M. barbatus, particularly on the recruits through either by its low salinity or by another factor associated with this water mass. The vertical distribution range are set by the high temperatures (>
27 °
C) at the shallow depths during summer and the low temperatures on the shelf break zone (<
16 °
C). A comparison of vertical abundance distribution of Mullus barbatus and the vertical temperature variations indicate that the species may tolerate up to 27 °
C and then individuals move to the deeper depths so that to the cooler waters when the temperature exceeds their tolerance limit. As well as the life history traits adopted by the species, there are some other factors providing advantages to the species. The fisheries regulations, particularly the time limits applied in the area are in favor of the species especially of pre-recruits. In the study area the pre-recruitment phase and summer YOY aggregations in shallow waters of most species studied in this thesis take place during a time when the fishing season is closed.
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Wilson, Randall. "Blue fish in a dark sea : police intelligence in a counterinsurgency." Thesis, University of Buckingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574491.

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This work is the result not only of research conducted in fulfillment of degree requirements of the University of Buckingham/BUCSIS but also of my experiences in the field of law enforcement, police intelligence and counterinsurgency over the past twenty three years. It has been my privilege to serve with and advise the police forces of a number of nations beset by insurgencies. These include the highly visible conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan as well as in other unhappy locations where the stakes were equally high but the coverage considerably less. The opportunity to observe, practice and learn in such environments has done much to inform my thinking and writing about police intelligence in a counterinsurgency. This effort is not meant to be an exhaustive treatment of all -aspects of the subject. Instead, my aim has been to inform both the policy expert and the academic of the existence and potential uses of police intelligence in counterinsurgency. Given that my target audience is largely non-specialists I have opted to present my thoughts and research in a more general, strategic level format and have delved into the specifics of methodology only where such information appeared to me to be a prerequisite for comprehension of the application. The method I have selected to articulate my thoughts has been to present first an overview of what I believe are the salient points regarding the most efficacious uses of police intelligence in a counterinsurgency. Following this I have elected to present separate sections, each dealing with an overview and application of that area of police intelligence. These areas were selected as being ubiquitous in the field. Other quite interesting efforts such as pseudo- operations were not examined due their inclusion in a given counterinsurgency being driven more by tactical opportunity than universal strategic applicability. I have also included a short examination of a current counterterrorism effort which I feel illustrates some important aspects of our topic. The final section is a presentation of the most salient points of the previous sections as well as a summary of the applicability of police intelligence to counterinsurgency. The existence of police intelligence and its unique but all too often marginalized capacity for uncovering and destroying the prime movers of an insurgency is, in my opinion, something which must be re-examined and enabled in all counterinsurgencies. It is by no means a panacea for civil strife but as an integral component of a combined counterinsurgency strategy, it provides a weapon which is more feared by insurgents than any number of missiles, armored vehicles or boots on the ground. Knowing who they are and where they may be found renders the insurgent visible and touchable. This is the natural role of police intelligence as this work is intended to demonstrate. It is my hope that this work will lead to additional discussion and thought on the integration and application of police intelligence to counterinsurgency. Randy Wilson Kabul, Afghanistan 2011 2.
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Olson, Carina. "Neolithic Fisheries : Osteoarchaeology of Fish Remains in the Baltic Sea Region." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8215.

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Books on the topic "Sea Fish"

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Jia, Jiansan. Sea farming and sea ranching in China. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001.

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Waterman, J. J. Freezing fish at sea. Edinburgh: HMSO, 1987.

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Pappas, Lou Seibert. From sea & stream. San Francisco: 101 Productions, 1986.

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Holland, Patricia. Fish scales and sea tales. Jacksonville, Fla: Let Us Teach Kids, 1996.

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Other fish in the sea. New York: Hyperion, 2003.

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Fish: Recipes from the sea. London: Phaidon Press, 2012.

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Newton, Jill. Cat fish. London: ABC, 1992.

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Butterworth, Christine. Sea horse: The shyest fish in the sea. Cambridge, MA: Candlewick Press, 2006.

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ill, Lawrence John 1933, ed. Sea horse: The shyest fish in the sea. Cambridge, MA: Candlewick Press, 2006.

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The provident sea. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sea Fish"

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Smith, Charles. "Sea Fish." In Britain's Food Supplies in Peace and War, 129–54. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003212478-7.

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Kim, Suam, and Chang-Ik Zhang. "Fish and Fisheries." In Oceanography of the East Sea (Japan Sea), 327–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22720-7_13.

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Sakuma, Kay. "Deep-Sea Fishes." In Fish Diversity of Japan, 161–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7427-3_10.

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Harms, U., and M. A. T. Kerkhoff. "Accumulation by Fish." In Pollution of the North Sea, 567–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73709-1_32.

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Perissi, Ilaria, and Ugo Bardi. "How Many Fish in the Sea?" In The Empty Sea, 101–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51898-1_5.

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Mirfendereski, Guive. "Fish Stories (1927)." In A Diplomatic History of the Caspian Sea, 125–29. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230107571_30.

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Prodanov, K., K. Mikhailov, G. Daskalov, K. Maxim, A. Chashchin, A. Arkhipov, V. Shlyakhov, and E. Ozdamar. "Environmental Impact on Fish Resources in the Black Sea." In Sensitivity to Change: Black Sea, Baltic Sea and North Sea, 163–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5758-2_14.

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Bucke, D., and B. Watermann. "Effects of Pollutants on Fish." In Pollution of the North Sea, 612–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73709-1_36.

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Hubold, G. "Ecology of Notothenioid Fish in the Weddell Sea." In Biology of Antarctic Fish, 3–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76217-8_1.

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Riedel, Ralf, Lucille Caskey, and Barry A. Costa-Pierce. "Fish biology and fisheries ecology of the Salton Sea, California." In The Salton Sea, 229–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3459-2_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sea Fish"

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Stancheva, Mona, Mona Stancheva, Stanislava Georgieva, Stanislava Georgieva, Zlatina Peteva, Zlatina Peteva, Lubomir Makedonski, and Lubomir Makedonski. "POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN EDIBLE FISH FROM BLACK SEA, BULGARIA." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93b39d6a08.20094934.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can still be a problem for the aquatic environment. Fish species are a suitable indicator for the environmental pollution monitoring because they concentrate pollutants in their tissues directly from water. Concentrations of PCBs were measured in marine fish, collected from Bulgarian Black Sea coast in order to monitor the dynamics of these pollutants in 2007, 2010 and 2015. The fish species: goby (Neogobius melanostomus), sprat (Sprattus sprattus sulinus), horse mackerel (Trachurus Mediterraneus ponticus) and grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) were chosen because of their characteristic feeding behavior. The PCBs were determined by gas chromatography system with mass spectrometry detection. The Total PCBs ranged from 93.8 to 513.3 ng/g lipid weight (in grey mullet and goby, respectively). Levels of PCBs in goby and grey mullet decreased in 2010 and 2015. In order to assess the safety of fish as food were calculated TEQ. They are determined by the results of dioxin - like (dl) PCBs. TEQs were calculated from 0.01 to 0.04 pg TEQ/g ww and did not exceed the EC limit of 3 pg TEQ/g ww. The levels of PCBs in fish from Bulgarian Black Sea were comparable to those found in neighboring seas.
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Stancheva, Mona, Mona Stancheva, Stanislava Georgieva, Stanislava Georgieva, Zlatina Peteva, Zlatina Peteva, Lubomir Makedonski, and Lubomir Makedonski. "POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN EDIBLE FISH FROM BLACK SEA, BULGARIA." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315bdce00.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can still be a problem for the aquatic environment. Fish species are a suitable indicator for the environmental pollution monitoring because they concentrate pollutants in their tissues directly from water. Concentrations of PCBs were measured in marine fish, collected from Bulgarian Black Sea coast in order to monitor the dynamics of these pollutants in 2007, 2010 and 2015. The fish species: goby (Neogobius melanostomus), sprat (Sprattus sprattus sulinus), horse mackerel (Trachurus Mediterraneus ponticus) and grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) were chosen because of their characteristic feeding behavior. The PCBs were determined by gas chromatography system with mass spectrometry detection. The Total PCBs ranged from 93.8 to 513.3 ng/g lipid weight (in grey mullet and goby, respectively). Levels of PCBs in goby and grey mullet decreased in 2010 and 2015. In order to assess the safety of fish as food were calculated TEQ. They are determined by the results of dioxin - like (dl) PCBs. TEQs were calculated from 0.01 to 0.04 pg TEQ/g ww and did not exceed the EC limit of 3 pg TEQ/g ww. The levels of PCBs in fish from Bulgarian Black Sea were comparable to those found in neighboring seas.
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Hakuta, Keiichiro, and Shigeru Tabeta. "Development of a Fish Behaviour Model in Coastal Sea." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79334.

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The evaluation of the behaviours of fish which stand on higher levels of food-web is important from the viewpoint of the resource management or other environmental impacts. Especially for the adult fish which can swim against the currents of circumference, considering the migration effects in the model is quite significant. In the present study, a fish model is developed which considers the migration effect by modeling the preference for the environmental factors. As the target fish of modeling, Pagrus major is chosen because it is one of the representative species due to its high resource value. In the model, the direction of the fish movement is determined by the preference strength for the environmental factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, prey density, and so on. The model is coupled with a hydrodynamic model and a lower-trophic ecosystem model which predict physical environment and water quality of the target area. Numerical simulations are carried out to reproduce the spatial distribution and seasonal variations of ecosystem in east Seto Inland Sea. As a result of the simulations, it is clarified that the both water temperature and prey density have large influence on migration and distribution of Pagrus major.
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Biuksane, Inese. "CONSUMPTION OF FISH AND SEA PRODUCTS IN LATVIA." In 6th SWS International Scientific Conference on Social Sciences ISCSS 2019. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sws.iscss.2019.2/s05.056.

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ZHIMBEY, YELENA N., and IGOR V. MITROFANOV. "POLLUTION IMPACT TO FISH FROM NORTH CASPIAN SEA." In Proceedings of the International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies — 26th Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812776945_0052.

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Lengade, Rohin. "A Prototype Aerospike: Another Fish in the Sea." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23852.

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Abstract Exploration is in our DNA! It is this spark of curiosity that has taken us to the moon and beyond. It is not easy to get into orbit. The rockets that we build today are quite sophisticated. Although technology will improve, these massive machines will increasingly be complicated to play with. One big reason being the ‘tyranny of rocket equation.’ As of now, we do not have any technology that will propel us out into space without using rockets. We are constantly finding ways to make rockets more efficient and launch more meaningful payloads into orbit. This is done by intelligently choosing the propellants, radical change in the design of rocket nozzles, applying different rocket engine cycles and improving the manufacturing process. Quite recently, we find a range of rockets being developed. The most commonly used engine cycle is the gas generator cycle (open cycle). Another way is to use electric powered turbo pumps. This cycle is far simpler than a gas generator cycle as it uses batteries to directly power the pumps. However, unlike propellant tanks with fuel, these energy powerhouses (batteries), do not reduce their weight during flight. Hence they represent dead weight. This technology is preferred for smaller rockets. There is another, not so often used engine cycle, called the full flow combustion stage or closed cycle. This cycle is the most complicated cycle and was considered almost impossible to build. Here, the exhaust from the turbine is fed into the combustion chamber, turning it into useful thrust. Apart from engine cycles, various engine nozzles have also been researched on. The conventional bell shaped nozzle, although widely used, is designed for a specific altitude. This means that the rocket needs to be multi-staged. The aerospike nozzle however, is an altitude compensatory nozzle. Although an aerospike has never flown to space, it has been rigorously tested. Here in, is a concept design of a prototype aerospike rocket engine. The intention of the design is to solve the engineering complexity involved in making efficient rocket engines. From the research carried out over a period of time, the following problems were noticed in an aerospike: • Near full combustion of propellant was not observed. • Overall heating of the spike increased. • Thrust Vector Control was difficult. The suggested design concept aims to tackle the above mentioned problems. The key technology used here is additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing provides great flexibility in design and manufacturing. The complexity involved in manufacturing the aerospike can be tackled with this. The exhaust from the turbine can be used to create additional thrust by letting it out from the bottom of the toroidal spike. Near full combustion of the fuel-oxidizer mixture can be achieved by a dedicated combustion chamber rotated around the exhaust pipe of the turbine; unlike previous aerospikes which didn’t. The outer shape of the combustion chamber will be cylindrical, which will house traditional thrust vector control assembly. The heating of the nozzle can be reduced by using high grade graphite, tungsten and aluminum alloys with composite and ceramic materials. Also, for the rocket to be fuel efficient, the initial momentum to the turbines used will be given by permanent magnets mounted on the shaft, surrounded by windings and powered by supercapacitors. Once a desired rpm is achieved, a very small amount of fuel is used to maintain the same.
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Waller, Alisha. "Special Session - Fish is Fish: Learning to See the Sea We Swim In: Theoretical Frameworks for Education Research." In Proceedings. Frontiers in Education. 36th Annual Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie.2006.322605.

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Moldenhauer-Roth, Anita, Oliver M. Selz, Ismail Albayrak, Felix Unterberger, and Robert Michael Boes. "Development Of Low-Voltage Electrified Fish Guidance Racks For Safe Downstream Fish Migration." In Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress From Snow to Sea. Spain: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/iahr-39wc25217119202292.

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Fier, Ryan, Alexandra Branzan Albu, and Maia Hoeberechts. "Automatic fish counting system for noisy deep-sea videos." In OCEANS 2014. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2014.7003118.

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Waluyo, Bambang Sri, Budi Utomo, Sarwoko Sarwoko, and Untung Budiarto. "Refrigerated Sea Water (RSW) For Handling of Fish Catches." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Maritime and Archipelago (ICoMA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icoma-18.2019.75.

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Reports on the topic "Sea Fish"

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Ridgway, Jessica. Oh Fish in the Sea. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-995.

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Harpaz, Sheenan, Steven G. Hughes, and Pinhas Lindner. Optimization of Diet for Post Larvel/Juvenile Sea Bass and Hybrid Stripped Bass Based on Enzymatic Profiles of their Digestive Tracts. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604924.bard.

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The overall goal of this research work was to identify the main proteolytic activities which take place in the digestive tracts of young bass fish, and use the knowledge acquired in order to improve feed protein utilization in juvenile fish based on their digestive capacity. The results of the work clearly showed that the young fish possess the entire profile of proteolytic enzymes which is found in adult fish. Yet, in the young fish the level of activity is substantially lower per gram tissue (or gram protein) as compared with the activity found in the digestive tracts of the same fish at an older (larger) age. In addition it was found that the main proteolytic enzyme in these fish is chymotrypsin which accounts for almost 80% of the proteolytic activity. An effort aimed at enhancing this activity has lead to the interesting finding that alcohol substantially enhances the proteolytic activity of fish intestines. Fish intestinal homogenates were used in order to evaluate the suitability of various feeds for the fish. Potential feed proteins were subjected to the proteolytic activity of the fish enzymes in vitro, in a manner simulating the natural process. The proteolytic activity was monitored by the valuation of the products, i.e. amino acid released. This method has proven to be a powerful tool which enables us to predict with a very high degree of accuracy the potential of a feed to promote growth. Selection of feed based on the proteolytic capacity of the fish degestive tracts can now be implemented in feed formulation, as anticipated in the original research proposal.
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Marissa McMahan, Marissa McMahan. New fish on the block: Ecological implications of black sea bass in the Gulf of Maine. Experiment, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/3480.

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Rosenzweig, Mark, and Rafael J. Santos Villagran. Is Fish Brain Food or Brain Poison? Sea Surface Temperature, Methyl-mercury and Child Cognitive Development. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26957.

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Glorius, S. T., I. Y. M. Tulp, A. Meijboom, L. J. Bolle, and C. Chen. Developments in benthos and fish in gullies in an area closed for human use in the Wadden Sea : 2002-2016. Wageningen: Wettelijke Onderzoekstaken Natuur & Milieu, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/464873.

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Noga, Edward J., Angelo Colorni, Michael G. Levy, and Ramy Avtalion. Importance of Endobiotics in Defense against Protozoan Ectoparasites of Fish. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586463.bard.

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Infectious disease is one of the most serious causes of economic loss in all sectors of aquaculture. There is a critical need to understand the molecular basis for protection against infectious disease so that safer, more reliable and more cost-effective strategies can be designed for their control. As part of this effort, the major goal of our BARD project was to determine the importance of endobiotics as a defense against protozoan ectoparasites in fish. Endobiotics, or antimicrobial polypeptides, are peptides and small proteins that are increasingly recognized as having a vital role in the innate defense of virtually all animals. One objective of our BARD project was to determine the antiparasitic potency of one specific group of endobiotics that were isolated from hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M chrysops). We found that these endobiotics, which we had previously named histone-like proteins (HLPs), exhibited potent activity against Amyloodinium and that the putative levels of HLPs in the skin were well within the levels that we found to be lethal to the parasite in vitro. We also found evidence for the presence of similar antibiotics in sea bream (Sparus aurata) and Mediterranean sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We also examined the effect of chronic stress on the expression of HLP in fish and found that HLP levels were dramatically decreased after only one week of a crowding/high ammonia sublethal stress. We also began to explore the feasibility of upregulating endobiotics via immunostimulation. However, we did not pursue this objective as fully as we originally intended because we spent a much larger effort than originally anticipated on the last objective, the attempted isolation of novel endobiotics from hybrid striped bass. In this regard, we purified and identified four new peptide endobiotics. These endobiotics, which we have named piscidins (from "Pisces" meaning fish), have potent, broad-spectrum activity against a number of both fish and human pathogens. This includes not only parasites but also bacteria. We also demonstrated that these peptides are present in the mast cell. This was the first time that the mast cell, the most common tissue granulocyte in vertebrates, was shown to possess any type of endobiotic. This finding has important implications in explaining the possible function of mast cells in the immune response of vertebrates. In summary, the research we have accomplished in this BARD project has demonstrated that endobiotics in fish have potent activity against many serious pathogens in aquaculture and that there is considerable potential to use these compounds as stress indicators in aquaculture. There is also considerable potential to use some of these compounds in other areas of medicine, including treatment of serious infectious diseases of humans and animals.
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Atkinson, Dan, and Alex Hale, eds. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.
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Funkenstein, Bruria, and Shaojun (Jim) Du. Interactions Between the GH-IGF axis and Myostatin in Regulating Muscle Growth in Sparus aurata. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696530.bard.

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Growth rate of cultured fish from hatching to commercial size is a major factor in the success of aquaculture. The normal stimulus for muscle growth in growing fish is not well understood and understanding the regulation of muscle growth in fish is of particular importance for aquaculture. Fish meat constitutes mostly of skeletal muscles and provides high value proteins in most people's diet. Unlike mammals, fish continue to grow throughout their lives, although the size fish attain, as adults, is species specific. Evidence indicates that muscle growth is regulated positively and negatively by a variety of growth and transcription factors that control both muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. In particular, growth hormone (GH), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and transforming growth factor-13 (TGF-13) play critical roles in myogenesis during animal growth. An important advance in our understanding of muscle growth was provided by the recent discovery of the crucial functions of myostatin (MSTN) in controlling muscle growth. MSTN is a member of the TGF-13 superfamily and functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth in mammals. Studies in mammals also provided evidence for possible interactions between GH, IGFs, MSTN and the musclespecific transcription factor My oD with regards to muscle development and growth. The goal of our project was to try to clarify the role of MSTNs in Sparus aurata muscle growth and in particular determine the possible interaction between the GH-IGFaxis and MSTN in regulating muscle growth in fish. The steps to achieve this goal included: i) Determining possible relationship between changes in the expression of growth-related genes, MSTN and MyoD in muscle from slow and fast growing sea bream progeny of full-sib families and that of growth rate; ii) Testing the possible effect of over-expressing GH, IGF-I and IGF-Il on the expression of MSTN and MyoD in skeletal muscle both in vivo and in vitro; iii) Studying the regulation of the two S. aurata MSTN promoters and investigating the possible role of MyoD in this regulation. The major findings of our research can be summarized as follows: 1) Two MSTN promoters (saMSTN-1 and saMSTN-2) were isolated and characterized from S. aurata and were found to direct reporter gene activity in A204 cells. Studies were initiated to decipher the regulation of fish MSTN expression in vitro using the cloned promoters; 2) The gene coding for saMSTN-2 was cloned. Both the promoter and the first intron were found to be polymorphic. The first intron zygosity appears to be associated with growth rate; 3) Full length cDNA coding for S. aurata growth differentiation factor-l I (GDF-II), a closely related growth factor to MSTN, was cloned from S. aurata brain, and the mature peptide (C-terminal) was found to be highly conserved throughout evolution. GDF-II transcript was detected by RT -PCR analysis throughout development in S. aurata embryos and larvae, suggesting that this mRNA is the product of the embryonic genome. Transcripts for GDF-Il were detected by RT-PCR in brain, eye and spleen with highest level found in brain; 4) A novel member of the TGF-Bsuperfamily was partially cloned from S. aurata. It is highly homologous to an unidentified protein (TGF-B-like) from Tetraodon nigroviridisand is expressed in various tissues, including muscle; 5) Recombinant S. aurata GH was produced in bacteria, refolded and purified and was used in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Generally, the results of gene expression in response to GH administration in vivo depended on the nutritional state (starvation or feeding) and the time at which the fish were sacrificed after GH administration. In vitro, recombinantsaGH activated signal transduction in two fish cell lines: RTHI49 and SAFI; 6) A fibroblastic-like cell line from S. aurata (SAF-I) was characterized for its gene expression and was found to be a suitable experimental system for studies on GH-IGF and MSTN interactions; 7) The gene of the muscle-specific transcription factor Myogenin was cloned from S. aurata, its expression and promoter activity were characterized; 8) Three genes important to myofibrillogenesis were cloned from zebrafish: SmyDl, Hsp90al and skNAC. Our data suggests the existence of an interaction between the GH-IGFaxis and MSTN. This project yielded a great number of experimental tools, both DNA constructs and in vitro systems that will enable further studies on the regulation of MSTN expression and on the interactions between members of the GHIGFaxis and MSTN in regulating muscle growth in S. aurata.
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Börjesson, Patrik, Maria Eggertsen, Lachlan Fetterplace, Ann-Britt Florin, Ronny Fredriksson, Susanna Fredriksson, Patrik Kraufvelin, et al. Long-term effects of no-take zones in Swedish waters. Edited by Ulf Bergström, Charlotte Berkström, and Mattias Sköld. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.10da2mgf51.

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Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly established worldwide to protect and restore degraded ecosystems. However, the level of protection varies among MPAs and has been found to affect the outcome of the closure. In no-take zones (NTZs), no fishing or extraction of marine organisms is allowed. The EU Commission recently committed to protect 30% of European waters by 2030 through the updated Biodiversity Strategy. Importantly, one third of these 30% should be of strict protection. Exactly what is meant by strict protection is not entirely clear, but fishing would likely have to be fully or largely prohibited in these areas. This new target for strictly protected areas highlights the need to evaluate the ecological effects of NTZs, particularly in regions like northern Europe where such evaluations are scarce. The Swedish NTZs made up approximately two thirds of the total areal extent of NTZs in Europe a decade ago. Given that these areas have been closed for at least 10 years and can provide insights into long-term effects of NTZs on fish and ecosystems, they are of broad interest in light of the new 10% strict protection by 2030 commitment by EU member states. In total, eight NTZs in Swedish coastal and offshore waters were evaluated in the current report, with respect to primarily the responses of focal species for the conservation measure, but in some of the areas also ecosystem responses. Five of the NTZs were established in 2009-2011, as part of a government commission, while the other three had been established earlier. The results of the evaluations are presented in a synthesis and also in separate, more detailed chapters for each of the eight NTZs. Overall, the results suggest that NTZs can increase abundances and biomasses of fish and decapod crustaceans, given that the closed areas are strategically placed and of an appropriate size in relation to the life cycle of the focal species. A meta-regression of the effects on focal species of the NTZs showed that CPUE was on average 2.6 times higher after three years of protection, and 3.8 times higher than in the fished reference areas after six years of protection. The proportion of old and large individuals increased in most NTZs, and thereby also the reproductive potential of populations. The increase in abundance of large predatory fish also likely contributed to restoring ecosystem functions, such as top-down control. These effects appeared after a 5-year period and in many cases remained and continued to increase in the longer term (>10 years). In the two areas where cod was the focal species of the NTZs, positive responses were weak, likely as an effect of long-term past, and in the Kattegat still present, recruitment overfishing. In the Baltic Sea, predation by grey seal and cormorant was in some cases so high that it likely counteracted the positive effects of removing fisheries and led to stock declines in the NTZs. In most cases, the introduction of the NTZs has likely decreased the total fishing effort rather than displacing it to adjacent areas. In the Kattegat NTZ, however, the purpose was explicitly to displace an unselective coastal mixed bottom-trawl fishery targeting Norway lobster and flatfish to areas where the bycatches of mature cod were smaller. In two areas that were reopened to fishing after 5 years, the positive effects of the NTZs on fish stocks eroded quickly to pre-closure levels despite that the areas remained closed during the spawning period, highlighting that permanent closures may be necessary to maintain positive effects. We conclude from the Swedish case studies that NTZs may well function as a complement to other fisheries management measures, such as catch, effort and gear regulations. The experiences from the current evaluation show that NTZs can be an important tool for fisheries management especially for local coastal fish populations and areas with mixed fisheries, as well as in cases where there is a need to counteract adverse ecosystem effects of fishing. NTZs are also needed as reference for marine environmental management, and for understanding the effects of fishing on fish populations and other ecosystem components in relation to other pressures. MPAs where the protection of both fish and their habitats is combined may be an important instrument for ecosystembased management, where the recovery of large predatory fish may lead to a restoration of important ecosystem functions and contribute to improving decayed habitats. With the new Biodiversity Strategy, EUs level of ambition for marine conservation increases significantly, with the goal of 30% of coastal and marine waters protected by 2030, and, importantly, one third of these areas being strictly protected. From a conservation perspective, rare, sensitive and/or charismatic species or habitats are often in focus when designating MPAs, and displacement of fisheries is then considered an unwanted side effect. However, if the establishment of strictly protected areas also aims to rebuild fish stocks, these MPAs should be placed in heavily fished areas and designed to protect depleted populations by accounting for their home ranges to generate positive outcomes. Thus, extensive displacement of fisheries is required to reach benefits for depleted populations, and need to be accounted for e.g. by specific regulations outside the strictly protected areas. These new extensive EU goals for MPA establishment pose a challenge for management, but at the same time offer an opportunity to bridge the current gap between conservation and fisheries management.
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Lenz, Mark. RV POSEIDON Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report POS536/Leg 1. GEOMAR, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/geomar_rep_ns_56_2020.

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DIPLANOAGAP: Distribution of Plastics in the North Atlantic Garbage Patch Ponta Delgada (Portugal) – Malaga (Spain) 17.08. – 12.09.2019 The expedition POS 536 is part of a multi-disciplinary research initiative of GEOMAR investigating the origin, transport and fate of plastic debris from estuaries to the oceanic garbage patches. The main focus will be on the vertical transfer of plastic debris from the surface and near-surface waters to the deep sea and on the processes that mediate this transport. The obtained data will help to develop quantitative models that provide information about the level of plastic pollution in the different compartments of the open ocean (surface, water column, seafloor). Furthermore, the effects of plastic debris on marine organisms in the open ocean will be assessed. The cruise will provide data about the: (1) abundance of plastic debris with a minimum size of 100 μm as well as the composition of polymer types in the water column at different depths from the sea surface to the seafloor including the sediment, (2) abundance and composition of plastic debris in organic aggregates (“marine snow”), (3) in pelagic and benthic organisms (invertebrates and fish) and in fecal pellets, (4) abundance and the identity of biofoulers (bacteria, protozoans and metazoans) on the surface of plastic debris from different water depths, (5) identification of chemical compounds (“additives”) in the plastic debris and in water samples.
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