Academic literature on the topic 'Sea horses'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sea horses"
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Kozłowska, Natalia, Małgorzata Wierzbicka, Bartosz Pawliński, and Małgorzata Domino. "Co-Occurrence of Severe Equine Asthma and Palatal Disorders in Privately Owned Pleasure Horses." Animals 13, no. 12 (June 12, 2023): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13121962.
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According to the “unified or united airway disease” theory, diseases in the upper and lower airways frequently co-occur because they represent a single morphological and functional unit. Palatal disorders (PDs) and severe equine asthma (SEA) are frequent diseases that, respectively, affect upper and lower equine airways; however, clinical studies focusing on the co-occurrence of PDs and SEA are limited. The present study investigated the prevalence of PDs in horses affected by SEA, and whether prevalence decreased after SEA treatment. Forty-six privately owned horses affected by SEA in exacerbation were included. For each horse, the severity of the asthma clinical signs was assessed using a previously described scoring system, and the co-occurrence of palatal disorders was investigated using overground endoscopy, before and after treatment for SEA. Before treatment (in exacerbation), 67.4% of SEA-affected horses showed evidence of PDs, including 39.1% showing evidence of palatal instability (PI) and 28.3% of dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP). Airway inflammation (neutrophil percentage in the tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) was worse in horses with co-occurring PDs. After treatment (in remission), no horses showed evidence of PI, while DDSP was diagnosed in 8.7% of horses. These findings suggest that palatal disorders respond to asthma treatment, supporting the hypothesis that both diseases could be manifestation of a common underlying disorder.
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Lo Feudo, Chiara, Luca Stucchi, Elena Alberti, Giovanni Stancari, Bianca Conturba, Enrica Zucca, and Francesco Ferrucci. "The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8110276.
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Mild-moderate (MEA), severe (SEA) equine asthma and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) are common respiratory disorders in horses. The present retrospective study aims to evaluate the role of ultrasonography and endoscopy in the diagnosis of these conditions. Three hundred and three horses were included and divided into SEA, MEA and MEA + EIPH groups, on the basis of history, clinical examination and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) cytology; scores were assigned to lung ultrasonography, pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH), tracheal mucus (TM) and tracheal bifurcation edema (TB). These scores were compared between groups, and their associations with age, BALf cytology, tracheal wash microbiology and between endoscopic and ultrasonographic scores were statistically analyzed. Ultrasonographic scores were higher in the SEA and MEA + EIPH groups and associated with increased BALf neutrophils and hemosiderophages. The PLH score was higher in younger horses affected by MEA and EIPH and associated with increased eosinophils and hemosiderophages. TM and TB scores were greater in older horses affected by SEA, associated with increased neutrophils and inversely correlated with hemosiderophages. Moreover, TM grade was negatively correlated with mast cells. Thoracic ultrasonography and airway endoscopy can provide useful information about the inflammatory status of upper and lower airways in the horse.
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Trimble, Michael. "Sea Horses and Almonds." CNS Spectrums 7, no. 6 (June 2002): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900017892.
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Maidment-Garrick, Neil. "A Note on the Status of Indigenous Species of Sea Horse." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, no. 2 (May 1998): 691–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400041783.
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The status of the two indigenous species of sea horse, the British sea horse (spiny sea horse) (Hippocampus ramulosus) and the European sea horse (short snouted sea horse) (Hippocampus hippocampus) are not exactly known. The British Sea Horse Survey has been set out to identify sites and populations around the British Isles.The native British sea horses Hippocampus ramulosus Leach and Hippocampus hippocampus Linnaeus are thought to be facing an uncertain future but not from collecting as in tropical species used in the Chinese medicine trade, but from direct interference with their habitat. It was therefore proposed that a survey be carried out to find the extent of their ranges and populations and whether they required protection under the Wildlife and Countryside Act.In the description of the two species for the survey it was decided to use size and presence or absence of appendages on the dorsal region to identify species. Relative snout to head ratios were not used as it was felt that this had to be discouraged as it would have meant handling the animals and the subsequent stress involved was not acceptable to an animal that is easily stressed.
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Lo Feudo, Chiara Maria, Luca Stucchi, Elena Alberti, Bianca Conturba, Enrica Zucca, and Francesco Ferrucci. "Intradermal Testing Results in Horses Affected by Mild-Moderate and Severe Equine Asthma." Animals 11, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11072086.
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Equine asthma is an inflammatory respiratory disorder, classified as mild-moderate (MEA) and severe (SEA). SEA is characterized by recurrent exacerbations, consisting of dyspnea, coughing and exercise intolerance; MEA causes poor performance, occasional cough and mucus hypersecretion. Although a precise pathogenesis is not completely understood, allergic mechanisms are considered an important pathophysiological feature of equine asthma. In equine medicine, intradermal testing (IDT) is effective in identifying hypersensitivity to specific allergens. However, to date, the studies about IDT in asthmatic horses obtained contradictory results. This study aims to evaluate IDT responses in MEA and SEA horses and to identify the most significant allergens. Thirty-eight asthmatic horses were enrolled and underwent IDT using 50 allergens; reactions were evaluated at 30 min, 4, 24 and 48 h and were assigned a score from 0 to 4. In SEA horses, the most frequent and strongest reactions were observed at 30 min and 4 h, suggesting the involvement of type I hypersensitivity; in MEA horses, also type IV hypersensitivity seemed to play a major role. Insects, Dermatophagoides spp. and dog epithelium induced in MEA and SEA horses the most significant hypersensitivity responses and could therefore be considered as the main allergenic antigens in our geographic area.
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Lee, Gary K. C., Janet Beeler-Marfisi, Laurent Viel, Érica Piché, Heng Kang, William Sears, and Dorothee Bienzle. "Bronchial brush cytology, endobronchial biopsy, and SALSA immunohistochemistry in severe equine asthma." Veterinary Pathology 59, no. 1 (December 13, 2021): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03009858211048635.
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Horses with severe equine asthma (SEA), also known as heaves and recurrent airway obstruction, have persistent neutrophilic inflammation of the lower airways. Cytologic evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is commonly used to confirm the clinical diagnosis of SEA. However, the utility of microscopic assessment of bronchial brushings, endobronchial biopsies, and immunohistochemical detection of disease-associated biomarkers for the diagnosis of SEA remain poorly characterized. Salivary scavenger and agglutinin (SALSA) has anti-inflammatory properties and downregulated gene expression in SEA; therefore, it was investigated as a tissue biomarker for airway and systemic inflammation. Six asthmatic and 6 non-asthmatic horses were exposed to an inhaled challenge. Before and after challenge, samples of BAL fluid, bronchial brushing, and endobronchial biopsy were collected. Location of SALSA in biopsies was determined, and immunohistochemical label intensity was computed using image analysis software. Serum amyloid A (SAA) was measured to assess systemic inflammation. After challenge, neutrophil proportions were significantly higher in asthmatic versus non-asthmatic horses in BAL fluid (least squares means, 95% confidence interval: 80.9%, 57.2% to 93.1%, vs 3.6%, 1.1% to 10.7%) and in brush cytology slides (39.5%, 7.7% to 83.6%, vs 0.2%, 0% to 2.3%), illustrating the potential of brush cytology as an alternate modality to BAL for assessing intraluminal inflammation. Bronchial histopathologic findings and intensity of SALSA immunolabeling in surface and glandular epithelium were similar in asthmatic and non-asthmatic horses, indicating limited changes in bronchial tissue from the inhaled challenge. Increases in SAA indicated systemic inflammation, but SALSA immunolabeling did not change significantly.
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Liu, Xuexue, Yanli Zhang, Yefang Li, Jianfei Pan, Dandan Wang, Weihuang Chen, Zhuqing Zheng, et al. "EPAS1 Gain-of-Function Mutation Contributes to High-Altitude Adaptation in Tibetan Horses." Molecular Biology and Evolution 36, no. 11 (July 4, 2019): 2591–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz158.
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Abstract High altitude represents some of the most extreme environments worldwide. The genetic changes underlying adaptation to such environments have been recently identified in multiple animals but remain unknown in horses. Here, we sequence the complete genome of 138 domestic horses encompassing a whole altitudinal range across China to uncover the genetic basis for adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia. Our genome data set includes 65 lowland animals across ten Chinese native breeds, 61 horses living at least 3,300 m above sea level across seven locations along Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, as well as 7 Thoroughbred and 5 Przewalski’s horses added for comparison. We find that Tibetan horses do not descend from Przewalski’s horses but were most likely introduced from a distinct horse lineage, following the emergence of pastoral nomadism in Northwestern China ∼3,700 years ago. We identify that the endothelial PAS domain protein 1 gene (EPAS1, also HIF2A) shows the strongest signature for positive selection in the Tibetan horse genome. Two missense mutations at this locus appear strongly associated with blood physiological parameters facilitating blood circulation as well as oxygen transportation and consumption in hypoxic conditions. Functional validation through protein mutagenesis shows that these mutations increase EPAS1 stability and its hetero dimerization affinity to ARNT (HIF1B). Our study demonstrates that missense mutations in the EPAS1 gene provided key evolutionary molecular adaptation to Tibetan horses living in high-altitude hypoxic environments. It reveals possible targets for genomic selection programs aimed at increasing hypoxia tolerance in livestock and provides a textbook example of evolutionary convergence across independent mammal lineages.
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Simões, Joana, José Paulo Sales Luís, Luís Madeira de Carvalho, and Paula Tilley. "Severely Asthmatic Horses Residing in a Mediterranean Climate Shed a Significantly Lower Number of Parasite Eggs Compared to Healthy Farm Mates." Animals 13, no. 18 (September 15, 2023): 2928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13182928.
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The relationship between helminth infection and allergic diseases has long intrigued the scientific community. This interaction was previously studied in a horse family with high incidence of severe equine asthma and in non-related severely asthmatic horses from equine hospital referrals in Switzerland. Our aim was to determine if this interaction would also be observed in a group of non-related client-owned severely asthmatic horses living in a Mediterranean climate and recruited through a first-opinion veterinarian group. Fecal samples from severe equine asthma-affected and healthy horses living in the same farms and subjected to identical environmental and deworming management were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Strongyle-type eggs and Cyathostomum sensu latum larvae were the most abundant parasites in the studied population of horses; no significant differences between the groups were observed regarding the types of egg and infective larvae. However, we observed significant differences in the number of eggs and infective larvae per gram of feces shed, as this number was significantly lower in the SEA group than in the healthy horses. This may indicate that severely asthmatic horses have an intrinsic resistance to gastrointestinal helminths. Further studies in a larger population of horses are required to ascertain the immunological mechanisms responsible for these findings.
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Kozłowska, Natalia, Małgorzata Wierzbicka, Tomasz Jasiński, and Małgorzata Domino. "Co-Occurrence of Equine Asthma and Pharyngeal Lymphoid Hyperplasia in Pleasure Horses." Agriculture 14, no. 7 (July 16, 2024): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14071157.
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With the increasing awareness of the “united airway disease” theory, more horses, not only sport horses but also pleasure horses, undergo detailed examinations of the respiratory tract. Using endoscopy, equine asthma (EA) is most commonly diagnosed in the lower airway, while pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH) is common in the upper airway. Grading EA as mild–moderate (MEA) and severe (SEA), this study aims to compare the co-occurrence and investigate the possible relationship between the clinical symptoms and endoscopic signs of MEA/SEA and PLH in pleasure horses. In this retrospective study, 80 out of 93 pleasure horses suspected of EA were enrolled and underwent a standardized protocol for a complete airway examination, including resting endoscopy with mucus accumulation assessment and cytology. The obtained results were scored and analyzed. In the studied pleasure horses, PLH co-occurred more frequently in horses with EA than without (p < 0.0001) and more in horses with SEA than with MEA (p = 0.025). However, when EA and PLH co-occurred, the severity of the clinical symptoms of EA did not increase (p > 0.05). In both EA and PLH, the amount of tracheal and nasopharyngeal mucus increased with the severity of the disease; however, it was positively correlated (ρ = 0.33; p = 0.02) only in SEA horses. In conclusion, it is likely that EA is often accompanied by PLH; however, PLH did not play a role in increasing the severity of EA’s clinical symptoms. The role of the severity of accumulated mucus in the lower and upper airways when EA/PLH co-occur requires further research to confirm the morphological and functional unity of the respiratory tract, aligning with the concept of “united airways disease”.
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Flynn, A. J., and D. A. Ritz. "Effect of habitat complexity and predatory style on the capture success of fish feeding on aggregated prey." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, no. 3 (June 1999): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315498000617.
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When offered a choice between open water and a ‘vegetated’ area of an aquarium (artificial sea grass), mysid (Paramesopodopsis rufa) swarms always selected open water. In contrast, juvenile and adult sea horses, Hippocampus abdominalis, which feed by ambush predation, always selected vegetated areas even when their mysid prey occurred in the adjacent clear water. Lunging predators, Australian salmon (Arripis trutta), always preferred open water to vegetated regions of the tank. Increasing vegetation density, i.e. from low to medium habitat complexity had a positive effect on capture success of juvenile and adult sea horses feeding on mysid swarms. However, number of attacks by juvenile sea horses, but not adults, was significantly reduced in higher density vegetation. Number of attacks by Australian salmon decreased as vegetation density increased but capture success, nonetheless, increased. Density of vegetation did not significantly affect the number of unsuccessful attacks by adult sea horses. Whereas proportion of unsuccessful attacks increased with vegetation density for juvenile sea horses, it decreased for juvenile salmon. This result is thought to be due to the fact that high vegetation densities disrupt structure of the prey swarm, itself a defensive formation, leaving a large number of more vulnerable small groups. Cohesive escape responses of a large swarm are likely to be a more effective defence against a lunging predator than against an ambush predator whose strategy is to use stealth to avoid provoking escape responses. Dense vegetation will militate against this strategy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sea horses"
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Teske, Peter R. (Peter Rodja). "Population genetics and phylogenetic placement of the endangered Knysna seahorse, Hippocampus capensis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53553.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aims of this study were to investigate genetic issues pertaining to the conservation of the Knysna seahorse, Hippocampus capensis, and to determine the phylogenetic placement of this endangered estuarine species among marine seahorses. This was accomplished by focusing on three aspects of the taxonomy: the interspecific level; the inter-population level; and the intra-population level. To determine which species are closely related to H. capensis, and how the evolutionary history of this lineage relates to that of other seahorses, sequence data derived from four gene fragments (the nuclear RPI and Aldolase and the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome b genes) were used to determine the phylogenetic relationships among 30 species belonging to the genus Hippocampus. There were marked differences in the rate of evolution among these gene fragments, with Aldolase evolving the slowest and the mtDNA cytochrome b gene the fastest. Among individual partitions, the RPI gene recovered the highest number of nodes supported by >70% bootstrap values from parsimony analysis, and >95% posterior probabilities from Bayesian inference. The combined analysis based on 2317 nucleotides resulted in the most robust phylogeny. A distinct phylogenetic split was identified between the pygmy seahorse, H. bargibanti, and a clade including all other species. Three species from the western Pacific Ocean included in this study, namely H. bargibanti, H. breviceps, and H. abdominalis, occupy basal positions in the phylogeny. This and the high species richness in the region suggest that the genus probably originated in this region. There is also fairly strong molecular support for the remaining species being subdivided into three main evolutionary lineages: two West Pacific clades and a clade of species present in both the Indo-Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean, which includes H. capensis. The phylogeny obtained herein suggests that seahorses belonging to the latter clade colonised the Atlantic Ocean at least twice, once before the closure of the Tethyan Seaway, and once afterwards. Phylogenies reconstructed using mitochondrial DNA gene fragments (l6S rRNA, cytochrome band 382 bp of the rapidly evolving control region) indicate that H. capensis is closely related to an Indian Ocean lineage of H. kuda and a Red Sea lineage of H. fuscus. Other lineages closely associated with these taxa include H. kuda from the West Pacific, the East Atlantic species H. algiricus, the West Atlantic species H reidi, the East Pacific species H ingens, and the Hawaiian species H fisheri. No control region alleles were shared among H capensis and any of the marine seahorses, suggesting that the Knysna seahorse is phylogenetically distinct. The evolutionary history of H capensis, and the extent of gene flow between its three known populations, were investigated using control region sequences from 138 specimens. Most samples were obtained by taking fin clips; this method was studied on captive seahorses and no negative effects were found. Similarly high levels of genetic diversity were found in two of the wild populations (Knysna and Keurbooms Estuaries), whereas diversity in the third population (Swartvlei Estuary) was lower. Although most haplotypes are shared among at least two populations, based on the haplotype frequency distributions the three assemblages constitute distinct management units. The extant population structure of H capensis suggests that the Knysna seahorse originated in the large Knysna Estuary. The presence of seahorses in the two smaller estuaries is either the result of a vicariance event at the beginning of the present interglacial period, or colonisation of the estuaries via the sea, or a combination of the two. Population genetic parameters of the Knysna population and those of two populations of closely related marine seahorses (H kuda from the Philippines and H fuscus from the Red Sea) were similar, suggesting that the Knysna population is not genetically impoverished, despite its comparatively small area of occupancy.
DEUTSCHE ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Die hier prasentierte wissenschaftliche Studie beschaftigte sich mit genetischen Themen relevant flïr den Artenschutz des Knysna Seepferds, Hippocampus capensis, und den phylogenetischen Beziehungen dieser ausschliesslich in Estuaren (Flussmtindungen) vorkommenden gefahrdeten Art mit den im Meer lebenden Seepferden. Die folgenden taxonomischen Einheiten wurden verglichen: Arten, Populationen und Sub-Populationen. Urn festzustellen, welche Arten nah mit H. capensis verwand sind, und wie die Evolution dieser Gruppe sich von der anderer Seepferdgruppen unterscheidet, wurden genetische Sequenzen von vier Genen (den nuklearen RPI und Aldolase und den mitochondrischen 16S rRNA und Cytochrom b Genen) von 30 Seepferdarten verwendet und phylogenetische Beziehungen rekonstruiert. Betrachtliche Unterschiede wurden festgestellt hinsichtlich der Geschwindigkeit in der Mutationen stattgefunden haben: Aldolase mutierte am langsamsten und Cytochrom b am schnellsten. Eine auf RPI Sequenzen basierende Phylogenie hatte die hëchste Anzahl von Gabelungspunkten, die sowohl von parsimonischen Analysen, als auch von bayesischer Inferenz untersttitzt wurden. Die robusteste Phylogenie wurde jedoch gefunden, wenn Sequenzen von allen vier Genen kombiniert wurden (im ganzen 2317 Nukleotide). Eine betrëchtliche genetische Distanz wurde zwischen dem Pygmaen-Seepferd, H. bargibanti, und einer Gruppe, die aus allen anderen Arten bestand, gefunden. Drei Arten vom westlichen Pazifik, namlich H. bargibanti, H. breviceps und H. abdominalis, hatten basale Positionen in der Phylogenie. Das, und der Artenreichtum dieser Region, sind Anzeichen daflïr, dass Seepferde mëglicherweise ursprtinglich aus dem westlichen Pazifik stammen. Es wurde weiterhin gefunden, dass alle tibrigen Seepferdarten in drei Hauptgruppen unterteilt werden kannen: die Verbreitungsgebiete zweier dieser Gruppen beschranken sich hauptsachlich auf den westlichen Pazifik, aber die dritte Gruppe kommt sowohl im Indo-Pazifik, also auch im Atlantik vor (H. capensis ist mit dieser letzteren Gruppe assoziiert). Es gibt gute Anzeichen dafllr, dass die Seepferde der letztgenannten Gruppe den Atlantik mindestens zweimal kolonisiert haben, einmal vor der Schliessung der tethyschen Seeverbindung, und einmal danach. Phylogenien, die ausschliesslich mit mitochondrischen Genen rekonstruiert wurden (16S rRNA, Cytochrom b und 382 Nukleotide der schnell-mutierenden Kontollregion), zeigen, dass H capensis sehr nah verwandt mit H kuda aus dem Indischen Ozean und H fuscus aus dem Roten Meer ist. Andere nah verwandte Arten sind H kuda from westlichen Pazifik, H algiricus vom ëstlichen Atlantik, H reidi vom westlichen Atlantik, Hingens vom ëstlichen Pazifik, sowie die in Hawaii vorkommende Art H fisheri. Keine der Kontrollregionallele, die in H capensis gefunden wurden, kamen in anderen Arten vor. Dies zeigt, dass das Knysna Seepferd eine eigenstandige Art ist, und Paarungen mit anderen Arten nicht vorkommen. Die Evolutionsgeschichte von H capensis, und das Ausmass von genetischem Austausch zwischen den drei Populationen dieser Art, wurden untersucht, indem Kontrollregionsequenzen von 138 Individuen analysiert wurden. Die meisten Proben stammten von Flossenschnitten; diese Methode wurde zuvor an in Gefangenschaft lebenden Seepferden ausprobiert, und es wurden keine negativen Folgeerscheinungen beobachtet. Genetische Diversitat war ungefahr gleich hoch in zwei der Populationen (Knysna und Keurbooms Estuare), aber eine deutlich niedrigere Diversitat wurde in der dritten Population gefunden (Swartvlei Estuar). Obwohl die meisten Allele in mindestens zwei Populationen gefunden wurden, sind die drei Populationen unterschiedliche genetische Einheiten, eine Schlussfolgerung, die hauptsachlich auf Unterschiede in der relativen Haufigkeit der Allele beruht. Die Populationsstruktur von H capensis deutet darauf hin, dass diese Art ihren Ursprung im Knysna Estuar hat. Die Prasenz von Seepferden in den beiden anderen Estuaren ist entweder das Resuitat von Vikarianz (eine Spaltung der urspri.inglichen Population) zu Beginn der jetzigen Interglazialzeit, oder Kolonisierung der Estuare durchs Meer, oder eine Kombination beider Szenarios. Populationsgenetische Parameter der Knysna Population und die zweier Populationen von nah verwandten Arten (H kuda aus den Philippinen und H fuscus aus dem Roten Meer) zeigten keine grossen Unterschiede. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass das Knysna Seepferd trotz seines vergleichbar kleinen Verbreitungsgebietes nicht unter geringer genetischer Diversitat leidet.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING Die doelwitte van hierdie studie was om die Knysna seeperdjie, Hippocampus capensis, te ondersoek relatief tot die spesie se bewaring asook om die filogenetiese posisie van hierdie bedreigte estuariene spesie binne mariene seeperdjies te bepaal. Drie aspekte van die taksonomie word ondersoek: interspesie verwantskappe, interbevolking verwantskappe en intra-bevolking verwantskappe. Om te bepaal watter spesies na verwant is aan H capensis, asook om die evolusionêre geskiedenis van hierdie groep met die van ander groepe te vergelyk, word nukleotieddata van vier ONS fragmente (die nukleêre RPI intron en Aldolase, en die mitochondriale 16S rRNA en sitokroom b fragmente) van 30 spesies van die genus Hippocampus gebruik. Aansienlike verskille in die tempo van evolusionêre verandering tussen hierdie ONS fragmente word gevind: Aldolase was die stadigste en die mitochondriale sitokroom b die vinnigste. Die RPI intron het die meeste knoesteringe gehad wat ondersteun word deur hoë stewelvasgordnommers (>70%) van parsimoniese analises en hoë agterwaarskynlikheide (>95%) van Bayesiese gevolgtrekkinge. Die kombineerde analise wat 2317 nukleotiede ingesluit het, het die beste filogenie geproduseer. 'n Besliste filogenetise verdeling was gevind tussen die pigmee seeperdjie, H bargibanti, en 'n groep wat al die ander spesies ingesluit het. Drie spesies van die westelike Stille Oseaan wat in hierdie studie ingesluit is, H bargibanti, H breviceps en H abdominalis, neem primitiewe posisies in die filogenie in. Dit, en die hoë spesiesrykdom in daardie gebied dui aan dat dit moontlik is dat die genus in die westelike Stille Oseaan ontstaan het. Daar is ook taamlike goeie molekulêre ondersteuning dat al die ander spesies in drie evolusionêre hoofgroepe verdeel kan word: twee groepe wat hoofsaaklik in die westelike Stille Oseaan voorkom, en 'n groep van spesies wat in die Stille Oseaan, die Indiese Oseaan en in die Atlantiese Oseaan voorkom, wat H capensis insluit. Die filogenie wat hier gevind is dui aan dat seeperdjies van hierdie laas genoemde groep die Atlantiese Oseaan minste twee keer gekoloniseer het, een keer voor die sluiting van die Tetiese Seepad, en een keer daarna. Filogenies wat met mitochondriale ONS fragmente gerekonstrueer is (16S rRNA, sitokroom b en 382 nukleotide van die vinnig evolveerende kontrolestreek) dui aan dat H capensis na verwant is aan 'n groep van H kuda wat in die Indiese Oseaan voorkom en H fuscus van die Rooi See. Ander groepe wat na verwant is aan hierdie takson is H kuda van die westelike Stille Oseaan, H algiricus van die Oos Atlantiese Oseaan, H reidi van die Wes Atlantiese Oseaan, en die Hawaiise spesie H fisheri. Geen kontrolestreek allele was gedeel tussen H capensis en enige mariene seeperdj ie spesies; dit dui aan dat die Knysna seeperdjie filogeneties verskillend is. Die evolusionêre geskiedenis van H capensis, en die omvang van die genetiese interaksies tussen sy drie bekende bevolkings, word ondersoek met kontrolestreek nukleotieddata van 138 monsters. Die meeste van hierdie monsters was verkry deur vinknipsels; hierdie metode was getoets op seeperdjies in gevangenskap en geen negatiewe gevolge was gevind nie. Genetiese diversiteit was omtrent dieselfde in twee van die natuurlike bevolkings (Knysna en Keurbooms Estuariums), maar diversiteit in die derde bevolking (Swartvlei Estuarium) was laër. Alhoewel die meeste allele gedeel was tussen ten minste twee bevolkings, dui die verspreiding van allelfrekwensies aan dat die drie bevolkings aparte bestuurseenhede is. Die ekstante bevolkingsstruktuur van H capensis dui aan dat die Knysna seeperdjie in die groot Knysna Estuarium ontstaan het. Die teenwordigheid van seeperdjies in die twee kleiner estuariums is óf die resultaat van 'n vikariansie voorval aan die begin van hierdie interglasiale tydperk, óf kolonisasie van die estuariums deur die see, óf 'n kombinasie van albei. Bevolkingsgenetiese parameters van die Knysna bevolking en van twee bevolkings van na verwante seeperdjie spesies (H kuda van die Filippyne en H fuscus van die Rooi See) was soortgelyk, wat aandui dat die Knysna bevolking nie geneties verarm is nie, alhoewel dit 'n betreklik kleiner streek bewoon.
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Curtis, Janelle Marie Renelle. "Life history, ecology and conservation of European seahorses." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85146.
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My thesis examined the implications of life history and ecology for population-level responses of the European long-snouted seahorse ( Hippocampus guttulatus Cuvier 1829) to habitat alteration, exploitation and a recommended minimum size limit for seahorse management. The research employed a mark-recapture study, underwater visual censuses (UVCs) and catch data from an unrelated experimental sampling program in the Ria Formosa Lagoon (southern Portugal). These small-bodied fish are characterized by rapid growth rate, early age at maturity, high natural mortality, short generation time, short life span and multiple spawnings per year, traits that are usually associated with resilience to exploitation. However specialized parental care, complex social interactions, small adult home ranges and benthic habit confer risk to H. guttulatus. Population-level responses to experimental reductions in non-selective fishing effort differed in magnitude and direction between H. guttulatus and its smaller congener, Hippocampus hippocampus: the abundance of H. guttulatus increased significantly while its congener decreased in abundance. Hippocampus guttulatus preferred more complex, vegetated habitats, while H. hippocampus preferred more open, sparsely vegetated habitats. Thus it seems probable that H. guttulatus fared better in the more complex habitats that developed when seining stopped, whereas H. hippocampus fared better in the less complex habitat arising from repeated seining. I used an age-structured stochastic simulation to evaluate the biological implications of a recommended generic strategy (10 cm minimum size limit) for managing the exploitation and international trade of seahorses, using H. guttulatus as a model. The smallest size limit that was robust (using the magnitude of population decline and probability of quasi-extinction as criteria) to a range of fishing rates, maximum population growth rates (rmax) and models of density-dependence
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Lourie, Sara Anne. "Phylogeography of Southeast Asian seahorses in a conservation context." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84284.
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This thesis investigates the potential role of historical isolation of ocean basins in promoting diversification among marine organisms in Southeast Asia. It also questions the possible effects of Pleistocene exposure of the Sunda Shelf on present day marine distributions and genetic diversity. Four species of exploited seahorses (genus Hippocampus), with differing ecological parameters, are used to test historical hypotheses. The results (based on cytochrome b DNA sequencing) suggest that significant phylogeographic structure does exist among seahorse populations in Southeast Asia, but that the patterns are only partially concordant across species. Distinct phylogeographic breaks are seen in H. barbouri, H. kuda, and H. trimaculatus, whereas greater spatial overlap of haplotypes in H. spinosissimus indicates more extensive gene flow. The phylogeographic history of the two shallow water species (H. barbouri and H. kuda) appears to have been primarily shaped by fragmentation and/or long-distance colonisation events. Both species show patterns consistent with hypotheses of divergence mediated by ocean basins separations. The deeper water species (H. spinosissimus and H. trimaculatus) show more evidence of range expansion and isolation by distance. Hippocampus trimaculatus shows a deep east-west phylogeographic division at right angles to that predicted by the separation of the Indian versus Pacific Ocean basins and instead parallels the terrestrial division known as Wallace's Line. Different species have also responded differently to the reflooding of the Sunda Shelf at the end of the last Ice Age: the two deeper water species have colonised it extensively suggesting limited barriers to movement, whereas the shallow water species have not. It is possible that the populations of H. kuda now inhabiting the shelf may stem from populations that found refuge in brackish water lakes when the shelf was exposed to the air. All four species are heav
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Cohen, Felipe Pereira de Almeida. "Aquicultura, conservação e comercialização de Cavalos-Marinhos no cenário internacional /." Jaboticabal, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149814.
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Orientador: Wagner Cotroni ValentiCoorientador: Ricardo Jorge Guerra Calado
Banca: Alessandra da Silva Augusto
Banca: Cintia Miyaji
Banca: Helcio Luis de Almeida Marques
Banca: Márcia Santos Nunes Galvão
Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o mercado, a produção e a comercialização de cavalos-marinhos com foco no atendimento da demanda mundial de forma mais sustentável e na conservação desses animais. Assim, a tese foi dividida em cinco artigos: (1) apresenta um panorama da pesquisa mundial no século XXI sobre cavalos-marinhos. Observou-se que os campos de pesquisa fundamentais para subsidiar decisões governamentais e que abordam as questões que afetam a produção, o comércio e a manutenção das populações naturais de cavalos-marinhos não vem sendo cobertos adequadamente. Cinco áreas foram identificadas como prioritárias para o avanço do conhecimento científico, atendendo à demanda e a conservação dos cavalos-marinhos. (2) Discute a comercialização e o mercado; mostra que o mercado é pouco conhecido e que as regulamentações internacionais para comércio de cavalos-marinhos estão sendo ineficientes na conservação. (3) Apresenta as principais oportunidades e limitações de se cultivar cavalos-marinhos em estuários em Manguezal como alternativa para produção de baixo custo. Observou-se que essa prática é bastante promissora, podendo aproveitar a disponibilidade local de reprodutores, água, espaço, alimento natural, mão de obra e gerar renda adicional para comunidades locais de forma mais sustentável. Alterações ambientais bruscas, predadores, obstrução das redes e escapes são as principais limitações. (4) Visa otimizar o transporte de animais vivos. Observou-se que Hippocampus re... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the trade, the production and the commercialization of seahorses focusing on meeting world demand in a more sustainable way and on the conservation of these animals. Thus, this thesis was divided in five articles: (1) shows an overview of the seahorse research in the 21st century. It was observed that the key research fields necessary to support government decisions on addressing issues affecting the production, trade and maintenance of wild seahorses populations, have not been properly studied. Five knowledge gaps were identified as priorities for improving scientific knowledge, considering both world demand and seahorse conservation. (2) Discusses commercialization and trade; Shows that there is little information on trade and that international regulations of seahorse trade have been ineffective to promote their conservation. (3) Shows the main opportunities and constraints to produce seahorses in mangrove estuary as an alternative for low-cost aquaculture. It was observed that this system has great potential; it can rely on the availability of local broodstock, water, space, natural food, labour, and provide additional income for local communities in a more sustainable way. Sudden environmental changes, predators, net obstruction, and escapees are the main constraints of this system. (4) Aims to optimize transport of live seahorses. It was reported that Hippocampus reidi could be transported in plastic bags containing 300 mL of water, sal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Roland, Jessica Justine. "Hippocampal and striatal acetylcholine efflux during learning in diencephalic-lesioned rats." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.
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Claassens, Louw. "Aspects of the population ecology, habitat use and behaviour of the endangered Knysna seahorse (Hippocampus capensis Boulenger, 1900) in a residential marina estate, Knysna, South Africa: implications for conservation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54789.
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The Knysna seahorse Hippocampus capensis is South Africa’s only endemic seahorse species, and is found in only three adjacent estuaries along the southern coast. The conservation of this endangered species is important on a national and international level. This study presents the first research on this species within the Knysna estuary since 2001 and specifically focuses on aspects of its ecology within a residential marina estate (Thesen Islands Marina). The physico-chemical and habitat features of the marina were described and the population ecology, habitat use, and behaviour of the Knysna seahorse were investigated. Physico-chemical conditions within the western section of the marina, characterised by high water current velocities, were similar to that of the adjacent estuary. The eastern section of the marina was characterised by lower water current velocities and higher turbidity. Four major habitat types were identified within the marina canals: (I) artificial Reno mattress (wire baskets filled with rocks); (II) Codium tenue beds; (III) mixed vegetation on sediment; and (IV) barren canal floor. Seahorse densities within the marina were significantly higher compared to densities found historically within the estuary. Highest seahorse densities were specifically found within the artificial Reno mattress structures and within the western section of the marina. Seahorse density varied spatially and temporally and the type of habitat was an important predictor for seahorse occurrence. An experimental investigation found that H. capensis chooses artificial Reno mattress habitat over Zostera capensis when given a choice. GoPro cameras were used successfully to investigate daytime seahorse behaviour within the Reno mattress habitat. Seahorses were more active during the morning, spent most of their time (> 80 %) feeding, and morning courting behaviour for this species were confirmed. However, during the summer holiday period (mid-December to mid-January) few seahorses were observed on camera, which suggests that the increase in motor boat activity and the related increase in noise had a negative effect on H. capensis feeding and courting behaviour. The marina development, and in particular the Reno mattresses, created a new habitat for this endangered species within the Knysna estuary. In addition to the protection and restoration of natural habitats in which H. capensis is found, the conservation potential of artificial structures such as Reno mattresses should be realised.
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Mosk, Virginia Jan. "The visual system of seahorses and pipefish : a study of visual pigments and other characteristics." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0081.
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Syngnathidae (seahorse, pipefish, pipehorses & seadragons) are highly visual feeders with different species feeding on specific types of prey, a behaviour that has been related to snout length. Worldwide, many species have become threatened by habitat destruction, collection for the aquarium trade and exploitation for traditional medicine, as well as recreational and commercial bycatch. Attempts to establish aquaculture programs have been of limited success. Little is known about their visual capabilities in detail. The visual systems of fishes are known to have evolved specific adaptations that can be related to the colour of water in which they live and specific visual tasks such as predator detection and acquisition of food. This study examined the ocular and retinal morphology, photoreceptor structure and spectral sensitivity of adult individuals of a local pipefish (S. argus), local seahorse (Hippocampus subelongatus) which both inhabit green water seagrass beds, and a tropical species of seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri) from blue water coral reefs. Some juveniles were also investigated. Accordingly, we developed an understanding of the features that are common to all syngnathids and those that have evolved for specific environments. Cryosections of the eyes were taken to determine morphological distinctions of this group. Lens characteristics measured using a spectrophotometer determined 50% cut-off wavelengths below 408nm for all 3 species, hence no transmission of UV light to the retina. Histological examination determined a cone dominated fovea in the ventro-temporal retina and very large rods concentrated in the peripheral retina and adjacent to the optic nerve. Microspectrophotometry measured the absorption characteristics of the visual pigments within the photoreceptors showing the presence and maximum sensitivity (λmax) of rods, SWS single cones, and a broad, complex array of LWS double/twin cones. The results are discussed in relation to the light environment inhabited by each species and their feeding requirements. The implications for the design of suitable light environments for aquarium and aquaculture programs for the Syngnathidae are also discussed. Rearing success of this family of fish, for both the aquarium trade and re-stocking programs, would be advised to take lighting regimes and specifics of the animals’ vision into account
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Armstrong, Beth Diane. "Hippocampus: seahorse; brain-structure; spatial map; concept." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002224.
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Through an exploration of both sculptural and thought processes undertaken in making my Masters exhibition, ‘Hippocampus’, I unpack some possibilities, instabilities, and limitations inherent in representation and visual perception. This thesis explores the Hippocampus as image (seahorse) and concept (brain-structure involved in cognitive mapping of space). Looking at Gilles Deleuze’s writings on representation, I will expand on the notion of the map as being that which does not define and fix a structure or meaning, but rather is open, extendable and experimental. I explore the becoming, rather than the being, of image and concept. The emphasis here is on process, non-representation, and fluidity of meaning. This is supportive of my personal affirmation of the practice and process of art-making as research. I will refer to the graphic prints of Maurits Cornelis Escher as a means to elucidate a visual contextualization of my practical work, particularly with regard to the play with two- and three-dimensional space perception. Through precisely calculated ‘experiments’ that show up the partiality of our visual perception of space, Escher alludes to things that either cannot actually exist as spatial objects or do exist, but resist representation. Similarly I will explore how my own sculptures, although existing in space resist a fixed representation and suggest ideas of other spaces, non-spaces; an in-between space that does not pin itself down and become fixed to any particular image, idea, objector representation.
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Stefanello, Camila. "A constituição do eu narrativo e figural na temporalidade complexa de Lobo Antunes." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/12067.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES“The constitution of the narrative and figural self in the complex temporality of Lobo Antunes” has as study object the novel What horses are those that make shade on the sea? (2009), by the contemporary Portuguese writer Antonio Lobo Antunes. In the novel it is narrated the story of the affective de-structure and the loss of the material goods of a traditional Portuguese family, through the voices of family‟s components. It is confused in the narrative, thus, the past experiences of the characters and their projections for the future. The characters-narrators, when remembering the past experiences and when projecting expectations for the future, defocus the present of the narrative in reflections that seem not to finish any conclusion about their experiences. It results from that a chaotic and bitter world, marked by multiple and contradicted affections of the characters in relation to their relatives, manifesting in the own structure of the narrative, with its ramifications, deviances and fragmentations. The configuration of the intrigue ends to evince, then, the conflicting and problematic nature of the own characters. This incessant returning to the past allied to this expectative of future and the reflections about the events reconstruct these distinct moments of experience of time in a present time always distended, in transition. The novel seems to reconstruct certain aporia of time, once that the time shows itself as makeable in the consciousness of the characters, and paradoxically, as fluid and transitory. This thick and complex character of temporality in the narrative configuration, the intertwine among told present, remembered past and expected future confers a psychological density to the characters, and never attributing to them an stable and cohesive identity and an integral image. We find, thus, in this dissertation, a reflection about the contemporary Portuguese literature, the work of the author, and an analysis of the novel based, mainly, on the studies of Paul Ricoeur about the interdependence among the configuration of intrigue, temporality and the constitution of a narrative identity.
“A constituição do eu narrativo e figural na temporalidade complexa de Lobo Antunes” tem como objeto de estudo o romance Que cavalos são aqueles que fazem sombra no mar? (2009), do escritor português contemporâneo António Lobo Antunes. No romance, é narrada a história de desestruturação afetiva e de perda dos bens materiais de uma tradicional família portuguesa, através das vozes dos componentes dessa família. Confundem-se na narrativa, então, as vivências passadas das personagens e as suas projeções para o futuro. As personagens-narradoras, ao relembrar as experiências do passado e ao projetar expectativas para o futuro, desfocam o presente da narrativa em reflexões que parecem não encerrar conclusão alguma sobre suas vivências. Resulta disso um mundo caótico e amargo, marcado pelos múltiplos e contraditórios afetos das personagens em relação aos seus familiares, manifestado na própria estrutura da narrativa, com suas ramificações, desvios e fragmentações. A configuração da intriga acaba por evidenciar, então, o caráter conflitante, problemático das próprias personagens. Esse retorno incessante ao passado aliado a essa expectativa do futuro e às reflexões sobre os eventos reconstroem esses momentos distintos da experiência do tempo em um tempo presente sempre distendido, em transição. O romance parece reconstituir certa aporia do tempo, visto que os tempos mostram-se como marcantes na consciência das personagens e, paradoxalmente, como fluidos e transitórios. Esse caráter denso e complexo da temporalidade na configuração da narrativa, o entrelaçamento entre presente contado, passado relembrado e de um futuro esperado confere uma densidade psicológica às personagens, sem nunca atribuir-lhes uma identidade estável e coesa e uma imagem íntegra. Encontra-se nessa dissertação, uma reflexão sobre a literatura portuguesa contemporânea, a obra do autor, e uma análise do romance com base, principalmente, nos estudos de Paul Ricoeur sobre a interdependência entre a configuração da intriga, a temporalidade e a constituição de uma identidade narrativa.
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Hultén, Cecilia. "Serum amyloid A (SAA) as a marker of inflammation in the horse : biochemical, experimental and clinical studies /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5449-2.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Sea horses"
More sourcesBook chapters on the topic "Sea horses"
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Serels, Steven. "Horses and Power in the Southern Red Sea Region Since the Seventeenth Century." In Animal Trade Histories in the Indian Ocean World, 125–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42595-1_5.
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Bird, Isabella L. "The Sea-shore—A “Hairy Aino”—A Horse Fight—The Horses of Yezo— “Bad Mountains” — A Slight Accident — Magnificent Scenery — A Bleached Halting-Place—A Musty Room—Aino “Good-breeding.”." In Unbeaten Tracks in Japan, 306–11. (Isabella Lucy), 1831–1904-Correspondence 3.Japan- Description and travel 4.Japan-: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315788715-53.
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Eyben, Rosalind, and Kevin Morgan. "At Sea." In John Horner and the Communist Party, 27–36. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032671352-4.
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Mahut, Helen, and Mark Moss. "The Monkey and the Sea Horse." In The Hippocampus, 241–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8024-9_8.
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Stewart, Paul. "A Rump Sexuality: The Recurrence of Defecating Horses in Beckett’s Oeuvre." In Sex and Aesthetics in Samuel Beckett’s Work, 17–28. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230339279_2.
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Landry, Donna. "Learning to Ride in Early Modern Britain, or, The Making of the English Hunting Seat." In The Culture of the Horse, 329–49. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-09725-5_13.
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Marhaug, G., A. Husebekk, G. Husby, K. Sletten, A. L. Børresen, B. Lium, and K. Nordstoga. "Serum Amyloid A Protein (SAA) from Mink, Horse, and Man: A Comparative Study." In Amyloidosis, 139–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2199-6_17.
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Gopakumar, K., and Balagopal Gopakumar. "Sea Horses." In Health Foods from Ocean Animals, 121–25. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003084242-9.
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Stevenson, Robert Louis. "The Cart-Horses and the Saddle-Horse." In South Sea Tales. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199536085.003.0025.
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Two cart-horses, a gelding and a mare, were brought to Samoa, and put in the same field with a saddle-horse to run free on the island.* They were rather afraid to go near him, for they saw he was a saddle-horse, and...
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Ulfstrand, Staffan. "Savannah ruminants: five different lifestyles." In Savannah Lives, 86–126. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198509257.003.0006.
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Abstract About 80 million years ago a group of archaic mammals roamed the earth, mammals that would in turn give rise to many of today’s large savannah herbivores. As early as the beginning of the Tertiary (65 million years ago), one species within this enigmatic group divided and produced two evolutionary lines. Of these, one evolved into two of the orders of mammals alive today, namely, the artiodactyls (aardvark, swine, giraffes, camels, and the hollow-horned bovines) and whales, while the other lineage is represented today by perissodactyls (horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs), sea cows, hyraxes, and elephants. Thus, a cow is actually more closely related to a whale than to a horse.
Conference papers on the topic "Sea horses"
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Prasse, K. W., J. N. Moore, and A. Duncan. "PROTEIN C ACTS AS AN ACUTE PHASE REACTANT IN EQUINE LAMINITIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643183.
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Equine Colic Syndrome is a disease of horses whose complications include laminatis.This term describes a situation where microvascular damage to the hoof causes degeneration of the interphalangeal laminae,leading to lameness. Vascular studies have suggested that microthrombosis involving the delicate vessels in the hoof,coupled with changes in the platelet count, coagulation factors & elevated FDP's implicate DIC as a potential etiology. Limited test capability in the horse has limited further evaluation of this hypothesis. We have developed an assay for equine protein C activity,our normal range being 70-60% (Mean+/- 2SD). We studied 12 horses with the disease for 5 consecutive days,drawing 1 blood sample per day. Our expectation was that protein C levels would decrease.if DIC was significant,as would be expected in humans. No significant decrease was noted in any horse. However there was a significant increase in the protein C levels beyond the upper limit of the normal range in 10 of the 12 horses by the third day. Five of the 10 horses maintained this elevation beyond the 5th day. Thus protein C changes were more consistent with an acute phase reactant response,rather than reflecting the decrease we anicipated,if the equine DIC parallels human DIC. We are measuring other acute phase reactants to see if equine protein C parallels those. Since our assay is still being evaluated,more data needs to be obtained in this and other equine disease states before any definative role for protein C in equine pathology can be determined. In our laminitis horses,we are devolping assays for antithrombin III and plasminogen which should allow us to evaluate the disease state more completley for any involement of elements of intravascular thrombosis and fibrinolysis in the equine colic syndrome.
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Zhu, TianNing, Yan Liu, JianHui Li, and WanRu Zhao. "Linear Array Synthesis Using Sea-horse Optimization Algorithm." In 2023 IEEE 13th International Conference on Electronics Information and Emergency Communication (ICEIEC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceiec58029.2023.10199523.
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Pfau, Gerchard, Roland Chen, Amal Ray, Jerry Kapoor, Betty Koechner, and Uwe Albertin. "Imaging at Thunder Horse." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1817274.
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Brun, Remi. "The Galloping Horse." In SA '11: SIGGRAPH Asia 2011. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2077355.2425788.
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Chakraborty, Samarjit, Elizabeth L'Heureux, Kenneth Hartman, Qingsong Li, Imtiaz Ahmed, Corey Joy, Andrew Brenders, J. Sandschaper, and Scott Michell. "Thunder Horse Ocean-Bottom Nodes acquisition design." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2017. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2017-17681262.1.
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Aribowo, Widi, Reza Rahmadian, Mahendra Widyartono, Gusti Putu Asto Buditjahjanto, Ayusta Lukita Wardani, and Subuh Isnur Haryudo. "Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative Based On Sea Horse-Optimizer As DC Motor Control." In 2023 Sixth International Conference on Vocational Education and Electrical Engineering (ICVEE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icvee59738.2023.10348249.
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Stancheva, Mona, Mona Stancheva, Stanislava Georgieva, Stanislava Georgieva, Zlatina Peteva, Zlatina Peteva, Lubomir Makedonski, and Lubomir Makedonski. "POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN EDIBLE FISH FROM BLACK SEA, BULGARIA." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93b39d6a08.20094934.
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can still be a problem for the aquatic environment. Fish species are a suitable indicator for the environmental pollution monitoring because they concentrate pollutants in their tissues directly from water. Concentrations of PCBs were measured in marine fish, collected from Bulgarian Black Sea coast in order to monitor the dynamics of these pollutants in 2007, 2010 and 2015. The fish species: goby (Neogobius melanostomus), sprat (Sprattus sprattus sulinus), horse mackerel (Trachurus Mediterraneus ponticus) and grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) were chosen because of their characteristic feeding behavior. The PCBs were determined by gas chromatography system with mass spectrometry detection. The Total PCBs ranged from 93.8 to 513.3 ng/g lipid weight (in grey mullet and goby, respectively). Levels of PCBs in goby and grey mullet decreased in 2010 and 2015. In order to assess the safety of fish as food were calculated TEQ. They are determined by the results of dioxin - like (dl) PCBs. TEQs were calculated from 0.01 to 0.04 pg TEQ/g ww and did not exceed the EC limit of 3 pg TEQ/g ww. The levels of PCBs in fish from Bulgarian Black Sea were comparable to those found in neighboring seas.
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Stancheva, Mona, Mona Stancheva, Stanislava Georgieva, Stanislava Georgieva, Zlatina Peteva, Zlatina Peteva, Lubomir Makedonski, and Lubomir Makedonski. "POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN EDIBLE FISH FROM BLACK SEA, BULGARIA." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315bdce00.
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can still be a problem for the aquatic environment. Fish species are a suitable indicator for the environmental pollution monitoring because they concentrate pollutants in their tissues directly from water. Concentrations of PCBs were measured in marine fish, collected from Bulgarian Black Sea coast in order to monitor the dynamics of these pollutants in 2007, 2010 and 2015. The fish species: goby (Neogobius melanostomus), sprat (Sprattus sprattus sulinus), horse mackerel (Trachurus Mediterraneus ponticus) and grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) were chosen because of their characteristic feeding behavior. The PCBs were determined by gas chromatography system with mass spectrometry detection. The Total PCBs ranged from 93.8 to 513.3 ng/g lipid weight (in grey mullet and goby, respectively). Levels of PCBs in goby and grey mullet decreased in 2010 and 2015. In order to assess the safety of fish as food were calculated TEQ. They are determined by the results of dioxin - like (dl) PCBs. TEQs were calculated from 0.01 to 0.04 pg TEQ/g ww and did not exceed the EC limit of 3 pg TEQ/g ww. The levels of PCBs in fish from Bulgarian Black Sea were comparable to those found in neighboring seas.
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Zaman, Syed Omar, Emmanuel Saragoussi, Gloria Arango Arango, Olga Zdraveva, Victor Ramon Bolivar Hernandez, Qingsong Li, Samarjit Chakraborty, Corey Joy, Ken Hartman, and Anya Reitz. "Image enhancements for subsalt targets: Thunder Horse case study." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2018. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2018-2996273.1.
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Murray*, Titus A., Tony Johnson, and Greg Christie. "Review Of West Sea Horse Field (Gippsland Basin) Using Quantitative Stochastic Trap Analysis for Stacked Pay." In International Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia 13-16 September 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/ice2015-2209003.
Full textReports on the topic "Sea horses"
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Boyle, M., and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cumberland Island National Seashore: 2020 data summary. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294287.
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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2020 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at Cumberland Island National Seashore (CUIS). Fifty-six vegetation plots were established throughout the park from May through July. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Cumberland Island National Seashore in 2020. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park, including Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands, Maritime Open Upland Grasslands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Noteworthy findings include: 213 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 56 vegetation plots, including 12 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands: longleaf + pond pine (Pinus palustris; P. serotina), redbay (Persea borbonia), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), wax-myrtle (Morella cerifera), deerberry (Vaccinium stamineum), variable panicgrass (Dichanthelium commutatum), and hemlock rosette grass (Dichanthelium portoricense). Maritime Open Upland Grasslands: wax-myrtle, saw greenbrier (Smilax auriculata), sea oats (Uniola paniculata), and other forbs and graminoids. Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: live oak (Quercus virginiana), redbay, saw palmetto, muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), and Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) Two non-native species, Chinaberry (Melia azedarach) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), categorized as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2018) were encountered in four different Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots during this monitoring effort. Six vascular plant species listed as rare and tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2022) were observed in these monitoring plots, including the state listed “Rare” Florida swampprivet (Forestiera segregata var. segregata) and sandywoods sedge (Carex dasycarpa) and the “Unusual” green fly orchid (Epidendrum conopseum). Longleaf and pond pine were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodland habitat types; live oak was the most dominant species of Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland types. Saw palmetto and rusty staggerbush (Lyonia ferruginea) dominated the sapling stratum within Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat types. Of the 20 tree-sized redbay trees measured during this monitoring effort only three were living and these were observed with severely declining vigor, indicating the prevalence and recent historical impact of laurel wilt disease (LWD) across the island’s maritime forest ecosystems. There was an unexpectedly low abundance of sweet grass (Muhlenbergia sericea) and saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) within interdune swale plots of Maritime Open Upland habitats on the island, which could be a result of grazing activity by feral horses. Live oak is the dominant tree-sized species across...
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Bigorre, Sebastien P., Benjamin Pietro, Alejandra Gubler, Francesca Search, Emerson Hasbrouck, Sergio Pezoa, and Robert A. Weller. Stratus 17 Seventeenth Setting of the Stratus Ocean Reference Station Cruise on Board RV Cabo de Hornos April 3 - 16, 2018 Valparaiso - Valparaiso, Chile. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27245.
Full textAbstract:
The Ocean Reference Station at 20°S, 85°W under the stratus clouds west of northern Chile is being maintained to provide ongoing climate-quality records of surface meteorology, air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum, and of upper ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity variability. The Stratus Ocean Reference Station (ORS Stratus) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Observation Program. It is recovered and redeployed annually, with past cruises that have come between October and May. This cruise was conducted on the Chilean research vessel Cabo de Hornos. During the 2018 cruise on the Cabo de Hornos to the ORS Stratus site, the primary activities were the recovery of the previous (Stratus 16) WHOI surface mooring, deployment of the new Stratus 17 WHOI surface mooring, in-situ calibration of the buoy meteorological sensors by comparison with instrumentation installed on the ship, CTD casts near the moorings. The Stratus 17 had parted from its anchor site on January 4 2018, so its recovery was done in two separate operations: first the drifting buoy with mooring line under it, then the bottom part still attached to the anchor. Surface drifters and ARGO floats were also launched along the track.
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Kozhakhiyeva, Madina, Stefan Dragoev, Yasin Uzakov, and Almagul Nurgazezova. Improving of the Oxidative Stability and Quality of New Functional Horse Meat Delicacy Enriched with Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) Fruit Powder Extracts or Seed Kernel Pumpkin (Cucurbita pero L.) Flour. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.01.18.
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Kozhakhiyeva, Madina, Stefan Dragoev, Yasin Uzakov, and Almagul Nurgazezova. Improving of the Oxidative Stability and Quality of New Functional Horse Meat Delicacy Enriched with Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) Fruit Powder Extracts or Seed Kernel Pumpkin (Cucurbita pero L.) Flour. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/grabs2018.1.18.
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Cortes Gutiérrez, Sandra Patricia. Beneficios para empleados a corto plazo dentro de un contrato laboral según la legislación colombiana. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gcnc.32.
Full textAbstract:
El presente trabajo es una guía práctica para que los estudiantes de primeros semestres, a quienes se les permite tener un recurso a la mano de fácil entendimiento relacionado con los beneficios a empleados en un contrato laboral, según la legislación colombiana. En esta se relacionan los beneficios a empleados en cuanto prestaciones sociales y horas extras, que se deben tener en cuenta según la legislación colombiana y teniendo en cuenta las normas internacionales NIA 19 de NIC plenas, Sección 28 para Pymes de beneficios a empleado, que son los que se reconocen dentro de los doce meses del año y entre estos se tiene: las prestaciones sociales, las cuales comprenden: prima, cesantías, intereses sobre cesantías y vacaciones. La seguridad social, conformada por la salud y la pensión. Los parafiscales, a cargo del empleador, y los cuales están conformados por SENA, ICBF y Caja de Compensación Familiar, estos con el propósito de tener una mejor calidad de vida para el trabajador. También es un derecho de los trabajadores que se les reconozcan los recargos y las horas extras.
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Canto, Patricia, ed. Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko Lehiakortasunari buruzko 2021eko Txostena. Ongizatea helburu duen lehiakortasuna eraikitzea. Universidad de Deusto, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/zemz8571.
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Txosten honek, EAEko lehiakortasunaren azterketan etapa berri bat hastendu. 1. kapituluan, gure lurraldearen lehiakortasun ibilbidea aztertu dugu, orain dela 40 urte abian jarri zen estrategiak azken hamarkadan izan dituen ezaugarriei erreparatuta bereziki. Estrategia horrekin jarraitzeak gaur egun ekartzen dizkigun erronkak ere identifikatu ditugu. Estrategiaren hurrengo etapa bideratzeko, erronka horietatik abiatu gara eta, 2. kapituluan, lurralde lehiakortasuna bultzatzeko esparru berri bat proposatu dugu, tokian bertan eta nazioartean egindako gogoeta, alderatze eta esperimentazio prozesu baten ondoren. 3. kapituluan, EAEko lehiakortasunaren eta ongizatearen lehenengo diagnostikoa aurkeztu dugu, esparru berriaren ardatz nagusietan oinarrituta. Esparru berrian ongizatea helburu duen lehiakortasunerako sei palankak identifikatu ostean, 4. kapituluan, palanka horien dimentsioetako batzuen esplorazio analisia egin dugu. Bukatzeko, azken kapituluan diagnostikoaren ondorio nagusiak bildu ditugu eta esparruaren bilakaera bideratzeko pausoen inguruan gogoeta egin dugu, esparrua Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko ongizaterako lehiakortasuna etengabe hobetzen lagunduko duen itsasargia izan dadin.
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Larrea Basterra, Macarena, and Stephanía Mosquera López. Teknologia garbietan inbertitzeko pizgarriak. Universidad de Deusto, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/gqtg1145.
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Mundu mailan deskarbonizazioaren konpromisoa betetzeak teknologia garbietan inbertitzea eskatzen du, modu globalean. Horretarako, finantzaketa bolumen handiak behar dira, baina ingurunea konplexua da eta, gainera, zalantza teknologiko handiak daude eta baliabideak ez dira modu homogeneoan banatzen mundu osoan zehar. Egoera horren aurrean, teknologia garbietan inbertitzeko pizgarriek, behar bezala diseinatzen badira, inbertsio pribatua bultza dezakete ingurumen helburuak lortzeko. Txosten honek teknologia garbietan inbertitzeko funts beharrak, ingurumen jasangarritasunerantz aurrera egiteko gaur egun finantzaketan dagoen arrakala eta inbertsiorako pizgarria terminoaren kontzeptualizazioa lantzen ditu. Pizgarriak sei kategoria handitan sailkatzea proposatzen da: ekonomikoak, finantzarioak, fiskalak, merkatukoak, erregulazioak eta jakintza eta lankidetzakoak. Ondoren, hainbat herrialdetan (Ameriketako Estatu Batuak, Europar Batasuna, Txina, Kanada, India eta Erresuma Batua) nola ezartzen ari diren deskribatzen da. Azkenik, azterketaren ondorioak adierazi eta teknologia garbietan inbertitzeko pizgarriak diseinatu, ezarri, kontrolatu eta eragina ebaluatzeko kontuan hartzeko elementuen eta dimentsioen inguruko hausnarketa proposatzen da.
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Boujija, Yacine, Marie Connolly, and Xavier St-Denis. Monter dans le train et gravir l’échelle sociale. Le rôle de la mobilité géographique dans la lutte contre les inégalités au Québec. CIRANO, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/dzvn3538.
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Malgré des initiatives pour promouvoir l’égalité des chances, la reproduction des inégalités de génération en génération s’est aggravée au Québec dans les dernières décennies. Les jeunes élevés dans un milieu moins favorisé sont plus susceptibles de rester au bas de l’échelle une fois adultes. On sait que l’éducation est un facteur-clé de mobilité sociale, mais une étude du CIRANO aborde la question sous un autre angle, celui de la mobilité géographique. Ses auteurs suivent le parcours de près de 1,4 million de jeunes et montrent que le phénomène affecte davantage les jeunes qui ont grandi hors des grandes villes, et particulièrement ceux qui y vivent encore à l’aube de la trentaine.
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Hilbert, Martin, Salma Jalife Villalón, Carmen Enedina Rodríguez Armenta, Pedro Miguel Ruiz Martínez, Faraón Llorens, Cinthya Carolina Sánchez Osorio, and Ernesto Chinkes. Abierta configuration options Estrategia y transformación de las univerdades: un enfoque para el gobierno universitario. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004200.
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En América Latina, los estudiantes universitarios gastan unas ocho horas al día conectados a algún aparato, y tres horas diariamente conectados a redes sociales (GlobalWebIndex, 2020). Además, los datos son el nuevo petróleo. Las empresas más valiosas estudian datos sobre el comportamiento humano y lo convierten en valor económico. Su valor agregado consiste en extraer conocimiento de las observaciones y cambiar el comportamiento humano. Esto no solo suena muy similar a lo que hacen las universidades de investigación, definitivamente lo es. Por esto, en esta publicación explicamos lo lejos que ha llegado el paradigma digital y lo consolidado que está dentro de nuestras sociedades. Recorremos las características de la digitalización que afectan la enseñanza. La tecnología digital tiene varias características que dan forma a cualquiera de sus áreas de aplicación. Aquí Identificamos también cinco de ellas: economías de escala, fin de la distancia; tiempo atemporal; redes multidireccionales; y huella digital. Y describimos, por tanto, cómo cada una de estas características afecta a la impartición de la educación. Además, terminamos poniendo énfasis en su valor a futuro aún sin explotar por la mayoría de las universidades y analizamos algunos de los retos de la universidad en el ecosistema digital. Internamente, la revolución está transformando a la investigación, la huella digital cambia la manera de hacer ciencia empírica; la computación, el aprendizaje de máquina y la inteligencia artificial revoluciona la manera de hacer análisis; y las simulaciones computacionales permiten crear teoría a un ritmo sin precedentes. Es importante que las universidades sean conscientes de este entorno. Y de ahí la necesidad de cursos como el ofrecido por Universia, junto al Banco Interamericano de desarrollo, Curso Internacional para Rectores sobre Estrategia y Transformación Digital de la Universidad.
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Coyner, Kelley, and Jason Bittner. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Logistics and Delivery. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2023021.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Like the shift from horse drawn carriages to cars, the emergence of delivery robots marks a shift from driverless vehicles to automated logistics vehicles where form follows function. On paper, the business cases are compelling and the use cases seemingly unbounded. Vehicles may be conventional in the form of trucks and industrial equipment of all types, or as purpose-built vehicles on with widely varying cargo capacities. Proof of concepts and pilots are moving forward on roadways, sidewalks, and doorsteps, as well as in low altitude airways, ports, and even inside of buildings.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Logistics and Delivery</b> addresses the current state of the industry, benefits of ADVs, challenges, and expanding use. It also touches on opportunities to design, modify, and expand infrastructure—both digital and physical—to supports safe and equitable usage. The report draws on experience and research on these topics in North America, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Australia, and the United Arab Emirates, among others.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>