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Journal articles on the topic 'Sea-ice melt'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Stroeve, Julienne C., John R. Mioduszewski, Asa Rennermalm, Linette N. Boisvert, Marco Tedesco, and David Robinson. "Investigating the local-scale influence of sea ice on Greenland surface melt." Cryosphere 11, no. 5 (2017): 2363–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2363-2017.

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Abstract. Rapid decline in Arctic sea ice cover in the 21st century may have wide-reaching effects on the Arctic climate system, including the Greenland ice sheet mass balance. Here, we investigate whether local changes in sea ice around the Greenland ice sheet have had an impact on Greenland surface melt. Specifically, we investigate the relationship between sea ice concentration, the timing of melt onset and open-water fraction surrounding Greenland with ice sheet surface melt using a combination of remote sensing observations, and outputs from a reanalysis model and a regional climate model

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2

Diamond, Rachel, Louise C. Sime, David Schroeder, and Maria-Vittoria Guarino. "The contribution of melt ponds to enhanced Arctic sea-ice melt during the Last Interglacial." Cryosphere 15, no. 11 (2021): 5099–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5099-2021.

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Abstract. The Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 3 (HadGEM3) is the first coupled climate model to simulate an ice-free Arctic during the Last Interglacial (LIG), 127 000 years ago. This simulation appears to yield accurate Arctic surface temperatures during the summer season. Here, we investigate the causes and impacts of this extreme simulated ice loss. We find that the summer ice melt was predominantly driven by thermodynamic processes: atmospheric and ocean circulation changes did not significantly contribute to the ice loss. We demonstrate these thermodynamic processes were si

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3

Kern, Stefan, Anja Rösel, Leif Toudal Pedersen, Natalia Ivanova, Roberto Saldo, and Rasmus Tage Tonboe. "The impact of melt ponds on summertime microwave brightness temperatures and sea-ice concentrations." Cryosphere 10, no. 5 (2016): 2217–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2217-2016.

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Abstract. Sea-ice concentrations derived from satellite microwave brightness temperatures are less accurate during summer. In the Arctic Ocean the lack of accuracy is primarily caused by melt ponds, but also by changes in the properties of snow and the sea-ice surface itself. We investigate the sensitivity of eight sea-ice concentration retrieval algorithms to melt ponds by comparing sea-ice concentration with the melt-pond fraction. We derive gridded daily sea-ice concentrations from microwave brightness temperatures of summer 2009. We derive the daily fraction of melt ponds, open water betwe

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4

West, Alex, Edward Blockley, and Matthew Collins. "Understanding model spread in sea ice volume by attribution of model differences in seasonal ice growth and melt." Cryosphere 16, no. 10 (2022): 4013–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4013-2022.

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Abstract. Arctic sea ice is declining rapidly, but predictions of its future loss are made difficult by the large spread both in present-day and in future sea ice area and volume; hence, there is a need to better understand the drivers of model spread in sea ice state. Here we present a framework for understanding differences between modelled sea ice simulations based on attributing seasonal ice growth and melt differences. In the method presented, the net downward surface flux is treated as the principal driver of seasonal sea ice growth and melt. An energy balance approach is used to estimat

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5

Geilfus, N. X., R. J. Galley, O. Crabeck, et al. "Inorganic carbon dynamics of melt pond-covered first year sea ice in the Canadian Arctic." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 5 (2014): 7485–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-7485-2014.

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Abstract. Melt pond formation is a common feature of the spring and summer Arctic sea ice. However, the role of the melt ponds formation and the impact of the sea ice melt on both the direction and size of CO2 flux between air and sea is still unknown. Here we describe the CO2-carbonate chemistry of melting sea ice, melt ponds and the underlying seawater associated with measurement of CO2 fluxes across first year landfast sea ice in the Resolute Passage, Nunavut, in June 2012. Early in the melt season, the increase of the ice temperature and the subsequent decrease of the bulk ice salinity pro

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6

Liang, Hongjie, and Wen Zhou. "Dynamic and thermodynamic processes related to sea-ice surface melt advance in the Laptev Sea and East Siberian Sea." Cryosphere 18, no. 8 (2024): 3559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3559-2024.

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Abstract. Arctic summer sea ice has shrunk considerably in recent decades. This study investigates springtime sea-ice surface melt onset in the Laptev Sea and East Siberian Sea, which are key seas along the Northeast Passage. Instead of region-mean melt onset, we define an index of melt advance, which is the areal percentage of a sea that has experienced sea-ice surface melting before the end of May. Four representative scenarios of melt advance in the region are identified. Each scenario is accompanied by a combination of distinct patterns between atmospheric circulation, atmospheric thermody

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7

Bates, N. R., R. Garley, K. E. Frey, K. L. Shake, and J. T. Mathis. "Sea-ice melt CO<sub>2</sub>-carbonate chemistry in the western Arctic Ocean: meltwater contributions to air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> gas exchange, mixed layer properties and rates of net community production under sea ice." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 1 (2014): 1097–145. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-1097-2014.

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Abstract. The carbon dioxide (CO2)-carbonate chemistry of sea-ice melt and co-located, contemporaneous seawater has rarely been studied in sea ice covered oceans. Here, we describe the CO2-carbonate chemistry of sea-ice melt (both above sea ice as "melt ponds" and below sea ice as "interface waters") and mixed layer properties in the western Arctic Ocean in the early summer of 2010 and 2011. At nineteen stations, the salinity (~ 0.5 to < 6.5), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC; ~ 20 to < 550 μmol kg–1) and total alkalinity (TA; ~ 30 to < 500 μmol kg–1) of above-ice melt pond water was l

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8

Hohenegger, C., B. Alali, K. R. Steffen, D. K. Perovich, and K. M. Golden. "Transition in the fractal geometry of Arctic melt ponds." Cryosphere Discussions 6, no. 3 (2012): 2161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-6-2161-2012.

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Abstract. During the Arctic melt season, the sea ice surface undergoes a remarkable transformation from vast expanses of snow covered ice to complex mosaics of ice and melt ponds. Sea ice albedo, a key parameter in climate modeling, is determined by the complex evolution of melt pond configurations. In fact, ice-albedo feedback has played a major role in the recent declines of the summer Arctic sea ice pack. However, understanding melt pond evolution remains a significant challenge to improving climate projections. By analyzing area-perimeter data from hundreds of thousands of melt ponds, we f

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9

Hohenegger, C., B. Alali, K. R. Steffen, D. K. Perovich, and K. M. Golden. "Transition in the fractal geometry of Arctic melt ponds." Cryosphere 6, no. 5 (2012): 1157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-1157-2012.

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Abstract. During the Arctic melt season, the sea ice surface undergoes a remarkable transformation from vast expanses of snow covered ice to complex mosaics of ice and melt ponds. Sea ice albedo, a key parameter in climate modeling, is determined by the complex evolution of melt pond configurations. In fact, ice–albedo feedback has played a major role in the recent declines of the summer Arctic sea ice pack. However, understanding melt pond evolution remains a significant challenge to improving climate projections. By analyzing area–perimeter data from hundreds of thousands of melt ponds, we f

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10

Wang, Mingfeng, Felix Linhardt, Victor Lion, and Natascha Oppelt. "Melt Pond Evolution along the MOSAiC Drift: Insights from Remote Sensing and Modeling." Remote Sensing 16, no. 19 (2024): 3748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16193748.

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Melt ponds play a crucial role in the melting of Arctic sea ice. Studying the evolution of melt ponds is essential for understanding changes in Arctic sea ice. In this study, we used a revised sea ice model to simulate the evolution of melt ponds along the MOSAiC drift at a resolution of 10 m. A novel melt pond parameterization scheme simulates the movement of meltwater under the influence of gravity over a realistic sea ice topography. We evaluated different melt pond parameterization schemes based on remote sensing observations. The absolute deviation of the maximum pond coverage simulated b

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11

Howard, T., J. Ridley, A. K. Pardaens, et al. "The land-ice contribution to 21st century dynamic sea-level rise." Ocean Science Discussions 11, no. 1 (2014): 123–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-11-123-2014.

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Abstract. Climate change has the potential to locally influence mean sea level through a number of processes including (but not limited to) thermal expansion of the oceans and enhanced land ice melt. These lead to departures from the global mean sea level change, due to spatial variations in the change of water density and transport, which are termed dynamic sea level changes. In this study we present regional patterns of sea-level change projected by a global coupled atmosphere–ocean climate model forced by projected ice-melt fluxes from three sources: the Antarctic ice sheet, the Greenland i

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12

Anderson, Mark R. "The Timing of Initial Spring Melt in the Arctic from Nimbus-7 SMMR Data (Abstract)." Annals of Glaciology 9 (1987): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500000811.

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The ablation of sea ice is an important feature in the global climate system. During the melt season in the Arctic, rapid changes occur in sea-ice surface conditions and areal extent of ice. These changes alter the albedo and vary the energy budgets. Understanding the spatial and temporal variations of melt is critical in the polar regions. This study investigates the spring onset of melt in the seasonal sea-ice zone of the Arctic Basin through the use of a melt signature derived by Anderson and others from the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) data. The signature is r

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13

Anderson, Mark R. "The Timing of Initial Spring Melt in the Arctic from Nimbus-7 SMMR Data (Abstract)." Annals of Glaciology 9 (1987): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500000811.

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The ablation of sea ice is an important feature in the global climate system. During the melt season in the Arctic, rapid changes occur in sea-ice surface conditions and areal extent of ice. These changes alter the albedo and vary the energy budgets. Understanding the spatial and temporal variations of melt is critical in the polar regions. This study investigates the spring onset of melt in the seasonal sea-ice zone of the Arctic Basin through the use of a melt signature derived by Anderson and others from the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) data. The signature is r

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14

Geilfus, N. X., R. J. Galley, O. Crabeck, et al. "Inorganic carbon dynamics of melt-pond-covered first-year sea ice in the Canadian Arctic." Biogeosciences 12, no. 6 (2015): 2047–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2047-2015.

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Abstract. Melt pond formation is a common feature of spring and summer Arctic sea ice, but the role and impact of sea ice melt and pond formation on both the direction and size of CO2 fluxes between air and sea is still unknown. Here we report on the CO2–carbonate chemistry of melting sea ice, melt ponds and the underlying seawater as well as CO2 fluxes at the surface of first-year landfast sea ice in the Resolute Passage, Nunavut, in June 2012. Early in the melt season, the increase in ice temperature and the subsequent decrease in bulk ice salinity promote a strong decrease of the total alka

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15

Hoppmann, Mario, Marcel Nicolaus, Stephan Paul, et al. "Ice platelets below Weddell Sea landfast sea ice." Annals of Glaciology 56, no. 69 (2015): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2015aog69a678.

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AbstractBasal melt of ice shelves may lead to an accumulation of disc-shaped ice platelets underneath nearby sea ice, to form a sub-ice platelet layer. Here we present the seasonal cycle of sea ice attached to the Ekström Ice Shelf, Antarctica, and the underlying platelet layer in 2012. Ice platelets emerged from the cavity and interacted with the fast-ice cover of Atka Bay as early as June. Episodic accumulations throughout winter and spring led to an average platelet-layer thickness of 4 m by December 2012, with local maxima of up to 10 m. The additional buoyancy partly prevented surface flo

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16

Smith, Madison M., Marika Holland, and Bonnie Light. "Arctic sea ice sensitivity to lateral melting representation in a coupled climate model." Cryosphere 16, no. 2 (2022): 419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-419-2022.

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Abstract. The melting of sea ice floes from the edges (lateral melting) results in open-water formation and subsequently increases absorption of solar shortwave energy. However, lateral melt plays a small role in the sea ice mass budget in both hemispheres in most climate models. This is likely influenced by the simple parameterization of lateral melting in sea ice models that are constrained by limited observations. Here we use a coupled climate model (CESM2.0) to assess the sensitivity of modeled sea ice state to the lateral melt parameterization in preindustrial and 2×CO2 runs. The runs exp

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17

Wright, Nicholas C., Chris M. Polashenski, Scott T. McMichael, and Ross A. Beyer. "Observations of sea ice melt from Operation IceBridge imagery." Cryosphere 14, no. 10 (2020): 3523–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3523-2020.

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Abstract. The summer albedo of Arctic sea ice is heavily dependent on the fraction and color of melt ponds that form on the ice surface. This work presents a new dataset of sea ice surface fractions along Operation IceBridge (OIB) flight tracks derived from the Digital Mapping System optical imagery set. This dataset was created by deploying version 2 of the Open Source Sea-ice Processing (OSSP) algorithm to NASA's Advanced Supercomputing Pleiades System. These new surface fraction results are then analyzed to investigate the behavior of meltwater on first-year ice in comparison to multiyear i

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18

Hutchings, Jennifer K., and Donald K. Perovich. "Preconditioning of the 2007 sea-ice melt in the eastern Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean." Annals of Glaciology 56, no. 69 (2015): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2015aog69a006.

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AbstractDuring summer 2007, perennial sea ice in the Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean, experienced an unprecedented amount of basal melt. It has previously been shown that this basal melt was linked to an increase in open-water fraction, increasing absorption of solar radiation into the ocean. GPS ice drifters, deployed around the site where the unprecedented basal melt was observed, provide a coincident observation of local divergence. This divergence is used to drive a multi-thickness category thermodynamic sea-ice model. We demonstrate that ∼ 75% of the observed open-water fraction by midsummer 2

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19

Bates, N. R., R. Garley, K. E. Frey, K. L. Shake, and J. T. Mathis. "Sea-ice melt CO<sub>2</sub>–carbonate chemistry in the western Arctic Ocean: meltwater contributions to air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> gas exchange, mixed-layer properties and rates of net community production under sea ice." Biogeosciences 11, no. 23 (2014): 6769–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6769-2014.

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Abstract. The carbon dioxide (CO2)-carbonate chemistry of sea-ice melt and co-located, contemporaneous seawater has rarely been studied in sea-ice-covered oceans. Here, we describe the CO2–carbonate chemistry of sea-ice melt (both above sea-ice as "melt ponds" and below sea-ice as "interface waters") and mixed-layer properties in the western Arctic Ocean in the early summer of 2010 and 2011. At 19 stations, the salinity (∼0.5 to <6.5), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC; ∼20 to <550 μmol kg−1) and total alkalinity (TA; ∼30 to <500 μmol kg−1) of above-ice melt pond water was low compared

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20

Tsamados, Michel, Daniel Feltham, Alek Petty, David Schroeder, and Daniela Flocco. "Processes controlling surface, bottom and lateral melt of Arctic sea ice in a state of the art sea ice model." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2052 (2015): 20140167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0167.

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We present a modelling study of processes controlling the summer melt of the Arctic sea ice cover. We perform a sensitivity study and focus our interest on the thermodynamics at the ice–atmosphere and ice–ocean interfaces. We use the Los Alamos community sea ice model CICE, and additionally implement and test three new parametrization schemes: (i) a prognostic mixed layer; (ii) a three equation boundary condition for the salt and heat flux at the ice–ocean interface; and (iii) a new lateral melt parametrization. Recent additions to the CICE model are also tested, including explicit melt ponds,

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21

Howard, T., J. Ridley, A. K. Pardaens, et al. "The land-ice contribution to 21st-century dynamic sea level rise." Ocean Science 10, no. 3 (2014): 485–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-10-485-2014.

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Abstract. Climate change has the potential to influence global mean sea level through a number of processes including (but not limited to) thermal expansion of the oceans and enhanced land ice melt. In addition to their contribution to global mean sea level change, these two processes (among others) lead to local departures from the global mean sea level change, through a number of mechanisms including the effect on spatial variations in the change of water density and transport, usually termed dynamic sea level changes. In this study, we focus on the component of dynamic sea level change that

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22

Howell, Stephen E. L., Randall K. Scharien, Jack Landy, and Mike Brady. "Spring melt pond fraction in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago predicted from RADARSAT-2." Cryosphere 14, no. 12 (2020): 4675–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4675-2020.

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Abstract. Melt ponds form on the surface of Arctic sea ice during spring, influencing how much solar radiation is absorbed into the sea ice–ocean system, which in turn impacts the ablation of sea ice during the melt season. Accordingly, melt pond fraction (fp) has been shown to be a useful predictor of sea ice area during the summer months. Sea ice dynamic and thermodynamic processes operating within the narrow channels and inlets of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) during the summer months are difficult for model simulations to accurately resolve. Additional information on fp variability

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23

Salganik, Evgenii, Benjamin A. Lange, Christian Katlein, et al. "Observations of preferential summer melt of Arctic sea-ice ridge keels from repeated multibeam sonar surveys." Cryosphere 17, no. 11 (2023): 4873–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4873-2023.

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Abstract. Sea-ice ridges constitute a large fraction of the total Arctic sea-ice area (up to 40 %–50 %); nevertheless, they are the least studied part of the ice pack. Here we investigate sea-ice melt rates using rare, repeated underwater multibeam sonar surveys that cover a period of 1 month during the advanced stage of sea-ice melt. Bottom melt increases with ice draft for first- and second-year level ice and a first-year ice ridge, with an average of 0.46, 0.55, and 0.95 m of total snow and ice melt in the observation period, respectively. On average, the studied ridge had a 4.6 m keel bott

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24

Polyakov, Igor V., Michael Mayer, Steffen Tietsche, and Alexey Yu Karpechko. "Climate Change Fosters Competing Effects of Dynamics and Thermodynamics in Seasonal Predictability of Arctic Sea Ice." Journal of Climate 35, no. 9 (2022): 2849–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0463.1.

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Abstract The fast decline of Arctic sea ice necessitates a stronger focus on understanding the Arctic sea ice predictability and developing advanced forecast methods for all seasons and for pan-Arctic and regional scales. In this study, the operational forecasting system combining an advanced eddy-permitting ocean–sea ice ensemble reanalysis ORAS5 and state-of-the-art seasonal model-based forecasting system SEAS5 is used to investigate effects of sea ice dynamics and thermodynamics on seasonal (growth-to-melt) Arctic sea ice predictability in 1993–2020. We demonstrate that thermodynamics (grow

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25

Ballinger, Thomas J., Kent Moore, Qinghua Ding, et al. "Concurrent Bering Sea and Labrador Sea ice melt extremes in March 2023: a confluence of meteorological events aligned with stratosphere–troposphere interactions." Weather and Climate Dynamics 5, no. 4 (2024): 1473–88. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-1473-2024.

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Abstract. Today's Arctic is characterized by a lengthening of the sea ice melt season, as well as by fast and at times unseasonal melt events. Such anomalous melt cases have been identified in Pacific and Atlantic Arctic sector sea ice studies. Through observational analyses, we document an unprecedented, concurrent marginal ice zone melt event in the Bering Sea and Labrador Sea in March of 2023. Taken independently, variability in the cold-season ice edge at synoptic timescales is common. However, such anomalous, short-term ice loss over either region during the climatological sea ice maxima

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Perovich, Donald K., and Jacqueline A. Richter-Menge. "Regional variability in sea ice melt in a changing Arctic." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2045 (2015): 20140165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0165.

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In recent years, the Arctic sea ice cover has undergone a precipitous decline in summer extent. The sea ice mass balance integrates heat and provides insight on atmospheric and oceanic forcing. The amount of surface melt and bottom melt that occurs during the summer melt season was measured at 41 sites over the time period 1957 to 2014. There are large regional and temporal variations in both surface and bottom melting. Combined surface and bottom melt ranged from 16 to 294 cm, with a mean of 101 cm. The mean ice equivalent surface melt was 48 cm and the mean bottom melt was 53 cm. On average,

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Mackie, Shona, Inga J. Smith, Jeff K. Ridley, David P. Stevens, and Patricia J. Langhorne. "Climate Response to Increasing Antarctic Iceberg and Ice Shelf Melt." Journal of Climate 33, no. 20 (2020): 8917–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0881.1.

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AbstractMass loss from the Antarctic continent is increasing; however, climate models either assume a constant mass loss rate or return snowfall over land to the ocean to maintain equilibrium. Numerous studies have investigated sea ice and ocean sensitivity to this assumption and reached different conclusions, possibly due to different representations of melt fluxes. The coupled atmosphere–land–ocean–sea ice model, HadGEM3-GC3.1, includes a realistic spatial distribution of coastal melt fluxes, a new ice shelf cavity parameterization, and explicit representation of icebergs. This configuration

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Rennermalm, Asa K., Laurence C. Smith, Julienne C. Stroeve, and Vena W. Chu. "Does sea ice influence Greenland ice sheet surface-melt?" Environmental Research Letters 4, no. 2 (2009): 024011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/4/2/024011.

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Popović, Predrag, and Dorian Abbot. "A simple model for the evolution of melt pond coverage on permeable Arctic sea ice." Cryosphere 11, no. 3 (2017): 1149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1149-2017.

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Abstract. As the melt season progresses, sea ice in the Arctic often becomes permeable enough to allow for nearly complete drainage of meltwater that has collected on the ice surface. Melt ponds that remain after drainage are hydraulically connected to the ocean and correspond to regions of sea ice whose surface is below sea level. We present a simple model for the evolution of melt pond coverage on such permeable sea ice floes in which we allow for spatially varying ice melt rates and assume the whole floe is in hydrostatic balance. The model is represented by two simple ordinary differential

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Rösel, A., L. Kaleschke, and G. Birnbaum. "Melt ponds on Arctic sea ice determined from MODIS satellite data using an artificial neural network." Cryosphere Discussions 5, no. 5 (2011): 2991–3024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-5-2991-2011.

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Abstract. Melt ponds on sea ice strongly reduce the surface albedo and accelerate the decay of Arctic sea ice. Due to different spectral properties of snow, ice, and water, the fractional coverage of these distinct surface types can be derived from multispectral sensors like MODIS using a spectral unmixing algorithm. The unmixing was implemented using a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to reduce computational costs. Arctic-wide melt pond fractions and sea ice concentrations are derived from the level 3 MODIS surface reflectance product. The validation of the MODIS melt pond data set was conducted w

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Arndt, S., and M. Nicolaus. "Seasonal cycle and long-term trend of solar energy fluxes through Arctic sea ice." Cryosphere 8, no. 6 (2014): 2219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-2219-2014.

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Abstract. Arctic sea ice has not only decreased in volume during the last decades, but has also changed in its physical properties towards a thinner and more seasonal ice cover. These changes strongly impact the energy budget, and might affect the ice-associated ecosystems. In this study, we quantify solar shortwave fluxes through sea ice for the entire Arctic during all seasons. To focus on sea-ice-related processes, we exclude fluxes through open water, scaling linearly with sea ice concentration. We present a new parameterization of light transmittance through sea ice for all seasons as a f

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Jeffries, M. O., K. Schwartz, and S. Li. "Arctic summer sea-ice SAR signatures, melt-season characteristics, and melt-pond fractions." Polar Record 33, no. 185 (1997): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224740001442x.

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AbstractVariations in multiyear sea-ice backscatter from the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) aboard the ERS-1 satellite are interpreted in terms of melt-season characteristics (onset of melt in spring and of freeze-up in autumn, and the duration of the snow-decay period, the melt season, and the melt-pond season) from late winter to early autumn 1992 in two regions of the Arctic Ocean: the northeastern Beaufort Sea adjacent to the Queen Elizabeth Islands in the Canadian high Arctic and the western Beaufort Sea north of Alaska. In the northeastern Beaufort Sea, the onset of melt occurs later, an

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Rösel, A., L. Kaleschke, and G. Birnbaum. "Melt ponds on Arctic sea ice determined from MODIS satellite data using an artificial neural network." Cryosphere 6, no. 2 (2012): 431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-431-2012.

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Abstract. Melt ponds on sea ice strongly reduce the surface albedo and accelerate the decay of Arctic sea ice. Due to different spectral properties of snow, ice, and water, the fractional coverage of these distinct surface types can be derived from multispectral sensors like the Moderate Resolution Image Spectroradiometer (MODIS) using a spectral unmixing algorithm. The unmixing was implemented using a multilayer perceptron to reduce computational costs. Arctic-wide melt pond fractions and sea ice concentrations are derived from the level 3 MODIS surface reflectance product. The validation of

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Perovich, D. K., K. F. Jones, B. Light, et al. "Solar partitioning in a changing Arctic sea-ice cover." Annals of Glaciology 52, no. 57 (2011): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756411795931543.

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AbstractThe summer extent of the Arctic sea-ice cover has decreased in recent decades and there have been alterations in the timing and duration of the summer melt season. These changes in ice conditions have affected the partitioning of solar radiation in the Arctic atmosphere–ice–ocean system. the impact of sea-ice changes on solar partitioning is examined on a pan-Arctic scale using a 25 km × 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid for the years 1979–2007. Daily values of incident solar irradiance are obtained from NCEP reanalysis products adjusted by ERA-40, and ice concentrations are determi

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Kusahara, Kazuya, Tatsuru Sato, Akira Oka, et al. "Modelling the Antarctic marine cryosphere at the Last Glacial Maximum." Annals of Glaciology 56, no. 69 (2015): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2015aog69a792.

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AbstractWe estimate the sea-ice extent and basal melt of Antarctic ice shelves at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) using a coupled ice-shelf-sea-ice-ocean model. The shape of Antarctic ice shelves, ocean conditions and atmospheric surface conditions at the LGM are different from those in the present day; these are derived from an ice-shelf-ice-sheet model, a sea-ice-ocean model and a climate model for glacial simulations, respectively. The winter sea ice in the LGM is shown to extend up to ∼7° of latitude further equatorward than in the present day. For the LGM summer, the model shows extensive

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Schröder, David, Danny L. Feltham, Michel Tsamados, Andy Ridout, and Rachel Tilling. "New insight from CryoSat-2 sea ice thickness for sea ice modelling." Cryosphere 13, no. 1 (2019): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-125-2019.

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Abstract. Estimates of Arctic sea ice thickness have been available from the CryoSat-2 (CS2) radar altimetry mission during ice growth seasons since 2010. We derive the sub-grid-scale ice thickness distribution (ITD) with respect to five ice thickness categories used in a sea ice component (Community Ice CodE, CICE) of climate simulations. This allows us to initialize the ITD in stand-alone simulations with CICE and to verify the simulated cycle of ice thickness. We find that a default CICE simulation strongly underestimates ice thickness, despite reproducing the inter-annual variability of su

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Lin, Long, Ruibo Lei, Mario Hoppmann, Donald K. Perovich, and Hailun He. "Changes in the annual sea ice freeze–thaw cycle in the Arctic Ocean from 2001 to 2018." Cryosphere 16, no. 12 (2022): 4779–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4779-2022.

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Abstract. The annual sea ice freeze–thaw cycle plays a crucial role in the Arctic atmosphere—ice–ocean system, regulating the seasonal energy balance of sea ice and the underlying upper-ocean. Previous studies of the sea ice freeze–thaw cycle were often based on limited accessible in situ or easily available remotely sensed observations of the surface. To better understand the responses of the sea ice to climate change and its coupling to the upper ocean, we combine measurements of the ice surface and bottom using multisource data to investigate the temporal and spatial variations in the freez

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Istomina, L., G. Heygster, M. Huntemann, et al. "The melt pond fraction and spectral sea ice albedo retrieval from MERIS data: validation and trends of sea ice albedo and melt pond fraction in the Arctic for years 2002–2011." Cryosphere Discussions 8, no. 5 (2014): 5227–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-8-5227-2014.

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Abstract. The presence of melt ponds on the Arctic sea ice strongly affects the energy balance of the Arctic Ocean in summer. It affects albedo as well as transmittance through the sea ice, which has consequences on the heat balance and mass balance of sea ice. An algorithm to retrieve melt pond fraction and sea ice albedo (Zege et al., 2014) from the MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) data is validated against aerial, ship borne and in situ campaign data. The result show the best correlation for landfast and multiyear ice of high ice concentrations (albedo: R = 0.92, RMS = 0.068,

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Stroeve, Julienne, Thorsten Markus, Walter N. Meier, and Jeff Miller. "Recent changes in the Arctic melt Season." Annals of Glaciology 44 (2006): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756406781811583.

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AbstractMelt-season duration, melt-onset and freeze-up dates are derived from Satellite passive microwave data and analyzed from 1979 to 2005 over Arctic Sea ice. Results indicate a Shift towards a longer melt Season, particularly north of Alaska and Siberia, corresponding to large retreats of Sea ice observed in these regions. Although there is large interannual and regional variability in the length of the melt Season, the Arctic is experiencing an overall lengthening of the melt Season at a rate of about 2 weeks decade–1. In fact, all regions in the Arctic (except for the central Arctic) ha

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Geilfus, Nicolas-Xavier, Ryan J. Galley, Brent G. T. Else, et al. "Estimates of ikaite export from sea ice to the underlying seawater in a sea ice–seawater mesocosm." Cryosphere 10, no. 5 (2016): 2173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2173-2016.

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Abstract. The precipitation of ikaite and its fate within sea ice is still poorly understood. We quantify temporal inorganic carbon dynamics in sea ice from initial formation to its melt in a sea ice–seawater mesocosm pool from 11 to 29 January 2013. Based on measurements of total alkalinity (TA) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2), the main processes affecting inorganic carbon dynamics within sea ice were ikaite precipitation and CO2 exchange with the atmosphere. In the underlying seawater, the dissolution of ikaite was the main process affecting inorganic carbon dynamics. Sea ice act

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Prakash, Abhay, Qin Zhou, Tore Hattermann, and Nina Kirchner. "Impact of the Nares Strait sea ice arches on the long-term stability of the Petermann Glacier ice shelf." Cryosphere 17, no. 12 (2023): 5255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5255-2023.

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Abstract. One of the last remaining floating tongues of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), the Petermann Glacier ice shelf (PGIS), is seasonally shielded from warm Atlantic water (AW) by the formation of sea ice arches in the Nares Strait. However, continued decline of the Arctic sea ice extent and thickness suggests that arch formation is likely to become anomalous, necessitating an investigation into the response of PGIS to a year-round mobile and thin sea ice cover. We use a high-resolution unstructured grid 3-D ocean–sea ice–ice shelf setup, featuring an improved sub-ice-shelf bathymetry and

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Scott, Ryan C., Julien P. Nicolas, David H. Bromwich, Joel R. Norris, and Dan Lubin. "Meteorological Drivers and Large-Scale Climate Forcing of West Antarctic Surface Melt." Journal of Climate 32, no. 3 (2019): 665–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0233.1.

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Understanding the drivers of surface melting in West Antarctica is crucial for understanding future ice loss and global sea level rise. This study identifies atmospheric drivers of surface melt on West Antarctic ice shelves and ice sheet margins and relationships with tropical Pacific and high-latitude climate forcing using multidecadal reanalysis and satellite datasets. Physical drivers of ice melt are diagnosed by comparing satellite-observed melt patterns to anomalies of reanalysis near-surface air temperature, winds, and satellite-derived cloud cover, radiative fluxes, and sea ice concentr

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Blockley, Edward W., and K. Andrew Peterson. "Improving Met Office seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice using assimilation of CryoSat-2 thickness." Cryosphere 12 (October 30, 2018): 3419–38. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3419-201.

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Interest in seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice has been increasing in recent years owing, primarily, to the sharp reduction in Arctic sea-ice cover observed over the last few decades, a decline that is projected to continue. The prospect of increased human industrial activity in the region, as well as scientific interest in the predictability of sea ice, provides important motivation for understanding, and improving, the skill of Arctic predictions. Several operational forecasting centres now routinely produce seasonal predictions of sea-ice cover using coupled atmosphere&nd

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Inoue, Jun, Judith A. Curry, and James A. Maslanik. "Application of Aerosondes to Melt-Pond Observations over Arctic Sea Ice." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 25, no. 2 (2008): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jtecha955.1.

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Abstract Continuous observation of sea ice using a small robotic aircraft called the Aerosonde was made over the Arctic Ocean from Barrow, Alaska, on 20–21 July 2003. Over a region located 350 km off the coast of Barrow, images obtained from the aircraft were used to characterize the sea ice and to determine the fraction of melt ponds on both multiyear and first-year ice. Analysis of the data indicates that melt-pond fraction increased northward from 20% to 30% as the ice fraction increased. However, the fraction of ponded ice was over 30% in the multiyear ice zone while it was about 25% in th

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Holland, Marika M., David Clemens-Sewall, Laura Landrum, et al. "The influence of snow on sea ice as assessed from simulations of CESM2." Cryosphere 15, no. 10 (2021): 4981–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4981-2021.

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Abstract. We assess the influence of snow on sea ice in experiments using the Community Earth System Model version 2 for a preindustrial and a 2xCO2 climate state. In the preindustrial climate, we find that increasing simulated snow accumulation on sea ice results in thicker sea ice and a cooler climate in both hemispheres. The sea ice mass budget response differs fundamentally between the two hemispheres. In the Arctic, increasing snow results in a decrease in both congelation sea ice growth and surface sea ice melt due to the snow's impact on conductive heat transfer and albedo, respectively

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Hoffman, Matthew J., Carolyn Branecky Begeman, Xylar S. Asay-Davis, et al. "Ice-shelf freshwater triggers for the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf melt tipping point in a global ocean–sea-ice model." Cryosphere 18, no. 6 (2024): 2917–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2917-2024.

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Abstract. Some ocean modeling studies have identified a potential tipping point from a low to a high basal melt regime beneath the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS), Antarctica, with significant implications for subsequent Antarctic ice sheet mass loss. To date, investigation of the climate drivers and impacts of this possible event have been limited because ice-shelf cavities and ice-shelf melting are only now starting to be included in global climate models. Using a global ocean–sea-ice configuration of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) that represents both ocean circulations and m

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Istomina, L., G. Heygster, M. Huntemann, et al. "Melt pond fraction and spectral sea ice albedo retrieval from MERIS data – Part 1: Validation against in situ, aerial, and ship cruise data." Cryosphere 9, no. 4 (2015): 1551–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1551-2015.

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Abstract. The presence of melt ponds on the Arctic sea ice strongly affects the energy balance of the Arctic Ocean in summer. It affects albedo as well as transmittance through the sea ice, which has consequences for the heat balance and mass balance of sea ice. An algorithm to retrieve melt pond fraction and sea ice albedo from Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) data is validated against aerial, shipborne and in situ campaign data. The results show the best correlation for landfast and multiyear ice of high ice concentrations. For broadband albedo, R2 is equal to 0.85, with the RM

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Bushuk, Mitchell, and Dimitrios Giannakis. "The Seasonality and Interannual Variability of Arctic Sea Ice Reemergence." Journal of Climate 30, no. 12 (2017): 4657–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0549.1.

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There is a significant gap between the potential predictability of Arctic sea ice area and the current forecast skill of operational prediction systems. One route to closing this gap is improving understanding of the physical mechanisms, such as sea ice reemergence, which underlie this inherent predictability. Sea ice reemergence refers to the tendency of melt-season sea ice area anomalies to recur the following growth season and growth-season anomalies to recur the following melt season. This study builds on earlier work, providing a mode-based analysis of the seasonality and interannual vari

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Rösel, Anja, and Lars Kaleschke. "Comparison of different retrieval techniques for melt ponds on Arctic sea ice from Landsat and MODIS satellite data." Annals of Glaciology 52, no. 57 (2011): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756411795931606.

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AbstractMelt ponds are regularly observed on the surface of Arctic sea ice in late spring and summer. They strongly reduce the surface albedo and accelerate the decay of Actic sea ice. Until now, only a few studies have looked at the spatial extent of melt ponds on Arctic sea ice. Knowledge of the melt-pond distribution on the entire Arctic sea ice would provide a solid basis for the parameterization of melt ponds in existing sea-ice models. Due to the different spectral properties of snow, ice and water, a multispectral sensor such as Landsat 7 ETM+ is generally applicable for the analysis of

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Gao, Xin, Peng Fan, Jiangbo Jin, et al. "Evaluation of Sea Ice Simulation of CAS-ESM 2.0 in Historical Experiment." Atmosphere 13, no. 7 (2022): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071056.

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A sea ice model is an important component of an Earth system model, which is an essential tool for the study of sea ice, including its internal processes, interactions with other components, and projected future changes. This paper evaluates a simulation of sea ice by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model version 2 (CAS-ESM 2.0), focusing on a historical simulation in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Compared with the observations, CAS-ESM 2.0 reproduces reasonable seasonal cycle features and the climatological spatial distribution of Arctic and Antarctic

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