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Journal articles on the topic 'Sea lice; Salmon farms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Morton, Alexandra, Richard Routledge, Corey Peet, and Aleria Ladwig. "Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infection rates on juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon in the nearshore marine environment of British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 2 (2004): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-016.

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This study compared sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestation rates on juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon in five nearshore areas of the British Columbia coast selected on the basis of proximity to salmon farms. A 10-week study in the Broughton Archipelago found sea lice were 8.8 times more abundant on wild fish near farms holding adult salmon and 5.0 times more abundant on wild fish near farms holding smolts than in areas distant from salmon farms. We found that 90% of juvenile pink and chum salmon sampled near salmon farms in the Broughton Archipe

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Middlemas, S. J., J. A. Raffell, D. W. Hay, M. Hatton-Ellis, and J. D. Armstrong. "Temporal and spatial patterns of sea lice levels on sea trout in western Scotland in relation to fish farm production cycles." Biology Letters 6, no. 4 (2010): 548–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0872.

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The relationship between aquaculture and infestations of sea lice on wild sea trout ( Salmo trutta ) populations is controversial. Although some authors have concluded that there is a link between aquaculture and lice burdens on wild fish, others have questioned this interpretation. Lice levels have been shown to be generally higher on Atlantic salmon farms during the second years of two-year production cycles. Here we investigate whether this pattern relates to lice burdens on wild fish across broad temporal and spatial axes. Within Loch Shieldaig across five successive farm cycles from 2000

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Morton, Alexandra B., and Rob Williams. "First Report of a Sea Louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, Infestation on Juvenile Pink Salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, in Nearshore Habitat." Canadian Field-Naturalist 117, no. 4 (2003): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v117i4.834.

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High infestation rates of the Sea Louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) have been reported on juvenile salmonids in Europe since 1989; however, this species has not been reported on juvenile Pacific salmonids until now. Magnitude of Sea Lice infestation was examined in 2001 on juvenile Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) migrating through a British Columbia archipelago. On average, the 751 juvenile Pink Salmon sampled weighed 2.25 g (± 0.039 SE), were infected with 11.3 (± 0.41 SE) Sea Lice per fish and 6.1 (± 0.24SE) Sea Lice per gram host weight. Fully 75.0% of fish were infected at loads equival

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Morton, Alexandra, Rick Routledge, Amy McConnell, and Martin Krkošek. "Sea lice dispersion and salmon survival in relation to salmon farm activity in the Broughton Archipelago." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 1 (2010): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq146.

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Abstract Morton, A., Routledge, R., McConnell, A., and Krkošek, M. 2011. Sea lice dispersion and salmon survival in relation to salmon farm activity in the Broughton Archipelago. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 144–156. The risk of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) transmission to wild juvenile Pacific salmon has spurred management change to reduce lice on salmon farms. We studied the abundance of planktonic lice preceding the juvenile salmon outmigration as well as the abundance of lice on juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon in two distinct mig

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Peacock, Stephanie J., Martin Krkošek, Andrew W. Bateman, and Mark A. Lewis. "Estimation of spatiotemporal transmission dynamics and analysis of management scenarios for sea lice of farmed and wild salmon." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77, no. 1 (2020): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0036.

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Parasite transmission between farmed and wild salmon affects the sustainability of salmon aquaculture in Pacific Canada. Understanding and managing parasites in aquaculture is challenged by spatial and temporal variation in transmission dynamics. We developed a mechanistic model that connects sea louse (Lepeoptheirus salmonis) outbreak and control on farmed salmon (Salmo salar) to spatiotemporal dynamics of sea lice on migrating wild juvenile salmon (Oncorhynchus keta and Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). We fitted the model to time series of sea lice on farmed salmon and spatial surveys of juvenile wi

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Vollset, Knut Wiik, Elina Halttunen, Bengt Finstad, Ørjan Karlsen, Pål Arne Bjørn, and Ian Dohoo. "Salmon lice infestations on sea trout predicts infestations on migrating salmon post-smolts." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 9 (2017): 2354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx090.

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Abstract Impacts of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis or Caligus spp.) on wild salmonids is currently one of the most important issues facing management of fish farms in salmon producing countries in the northern hemisphere. Surveillance of sea lice on wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is often hampered by the ability to catch enough migrating post-smolts. Therefore, sea lice abundance on anadromous trout (Salmo trutta) is often used to infer sea lice abundance on migrating salmon post-smolt. However, the assumption that there is a relationship between the abundance of lice on salmon and trou

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Price, M. H. H., A. Morton, and J. D. Reynolds. "Evidence of farm-induced parasite infestations on wild juvenile salmon in multiple regions of coastal British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, no. 12 (2010): 1925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-105.

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Salmon farms are spatially concentrated reservoirs of fish host populations that can disrupt natural salmonid host–parasite dynamics. Sea lice frequently infect farm salmon and parasitize sympatric wild juvenile salmonids, with negative impacts on survival in Europe and Pacific Canada. We examined louse parasitism of wild juvenile chum salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta ) and pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) from three salmon farming regions in British Columbia (Finlayson, Broughton Archipelago, and Georgia Strait). We compared sites of low and high exposure to farms and included an area without

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8

Krkošek, Martin, and Ray Hilborn. "Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations and the productivity of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 1 (2011): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-137.

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The spread of salmon lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) from salmon farms may threaten some wild salmon populations. Infestations of wild juvenile pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) have been associated with high mortality and population decline. Using stock–recruit data for pink salmon from the central coast of British Columbia, we analyzed how fishing mortality and spatial covariation combine with louse infestation to affect pink salmon population dynamics. The results indicate substantial coherence in survival at nested spatial scales — large-scale regional covariation and smaller scale c

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Riddell, Brian E., Richard J. Beamish, Laura J. Richards, and John R. Candy. "Comment on "Declining Wild Salmon Populations in Relation to Parasites from Farm Salmon"." Science 322, no. 5909 (2008): 1790.2–1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1156341.

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Krkošek et al. (Reports, 14 December 2007, p. 1772) claimed that sea lice spread from salmon farms placed wild pink salmon populations “on a trajectory toward rapid local extinction.” Their prediction is inconsistent with observed pink salmon returns and overstates the risks from sea lice and salmon farming.

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Shinn, A. P., B. A. Banks, N. Tange, et al. "Utility of 18S rDNA and ITS sequences as population markers for Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) parasitising Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Scotland." Contributions to Zoology 69, no. 1-2 (2000): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-0690102010.

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Genetic differentiation within the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837), was investigated by the sequencing of specific nucleotide regions. Partial sequences of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) region from single sea lice were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Lice were collected from wild and farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L., 1758) from nine selected localities around the Scottish coastline. A 0.9kb fragment of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified and compared for several samples of lice which showed no o

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11

Cantrell, Danielle, Ramón Filgueira, Crawford W. Revie, et al. "The relevance of larval biology on spatiotemporal patterns of pathogen connectivity among open-marine salmon farms." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77, no. 3 (2020): 505–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0040.

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Warming waters are changing marine pathogen dispersal patterns and infectivity worldwide. Coupled biological–physical modelling has been used in many systems to determine the connectivity of metapopulations via infectious disease particles. Here we model the connectivity of sea lice larvae (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) among salmon farms in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, Canada, using a coupled biological–physical model. The physical model simulated pathogen dispersal, while the biological component influenced the survival and developmental rates of the sea lice. Model results predic

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12

Contreras, Marinela, Marius Karlsen, Margarita Villar, et al. "Vaccination with Ectoparasite Proteins Involved in Midgut Function and Blood Digestion Reduces Salmon Louse Infestations." Vaccines 8, no. 1 (2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010032.

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Infestation with the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda, Caligidae) affects Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) production in European aquaculture. Furthermore, high levels of salmon lice in farms significantly increase challenge pressure against wild salmon populations. Currently, available control methods for salmon louse have limitations, and vaccination appears as an attractive, environmentally sound strategy. In this study, we addressed one of the main limitations for vaccine development, the identification of candidate protective antigens. Based on recent advances in tick vaccin

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13

Connors, B. M., M. Krkošek, and L. M. Dill. "Sea lice escape predation on their host." Biology Letters 4, no. 5 (2008): 455–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0276.

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Parasites seldom have predators but often fall victim to those of their hosts. How parasites respond to host predation can have important consequences for both hosts and parasites, though empirical investigations are rare. The exposure of wild juvenile salmon to sea lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) from salmon farms allowed us to study a novel ecological interaction: the response of sea lice to predation on their juvenile pink and chum salmon hosts by two salmonid predators—coho smolts and cut-throat trout. In approximately 70% of trials in which a predator consumed a parasitized prey, lice es

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14

Gargan, Patrick, Egil Karlsbakk, John Coyne, Carys Davies, and William Roche. "Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus) infestation levels on sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) around the Irish Sea, an area without salmon aquaculture." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 9 (2016): 2395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw044.

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Abstract Sea trout are parasitized by two species of caligid copepod sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus. Generally, levels of lice infestation are low and few adverse effects on the host have been reported. However, with the advent of marine salmon farming since the 1980s, there have been many published accounts of L. salmonis sea lice epizootics on salmonids in aquaculture areas. Few large-scale studies are available on levels of sea lice infestation of sea trout in areas without salmon farms or before their development. Understanding natural background lice levels on sea

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15

Stige, LC, KO Helgesen, H. Viljugrein, and L. Qviller. "A statistical mechanistic approach including temperature and salinity effects to improve salmon lice modelling of infestation pressure." Aquaculture Environment Interactions 13 (August 26, 2021): 339–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/aei00410.

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Salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis pose a major threat to the sustainable development of salmonid farming. To investigate effects of farm-origin salmon lice on wild salmonids, salmon lice dynamics are typically simulated using models that depend on experimentally determined rates of development, reproduction, mortality and infestation. Several recent studies provide new estimates of how these demographic rates depend on temperature and salinity. Here, we review and synthesize these studies and test if updating a salmon lice infestation model based on the new insights improves predictions of s

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Bron, J. E., and J. W. Treasurer. "Sea lice (Caligidae) on wrasse (Labridae) from selected British wild and salmon-farm sources." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 72, no. 3 (1992): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400059415.

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The occurrence and intensity of infection of caligid species on the five species of wrasse commonly found in British waters are reported from twelve localities in the British Isles and from seven fish-farms in Scotland where wrasse are used to remove sea lice from salmon (Salmo salar L.). A low prevalence of infection was recorded for all wrasse species except ballan. Chalimus of Caligus centrodonti Baird were identified from fins of ballan, rock cook and goldsinny wrasse, this being the first host record for the latter two species. Single chalimus stages of Caligus elongatus Nordmann were ide

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Gentry, K., S. Bui, F. Oppedal, and T. Dempster. "Sea lice prevention strategies affect cleaner fish delousing efficacy in commercial Atlantic salmon sea cages." Aquaculture Environment Interactions 12 (February 27, 2020): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/aei00348.

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Over the last 2 decades, cleaner fishes have been employed to remove external sea lice parasites from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in sea cages. Norway, Scotland, Ireland, and the Faroe Islands combined now use ~60 million cleaner fish per year. While small-scale experiments demonstrate the efficacy of cleaner fishes, industrial-scale sea cages have multiple structures and conditions that create different environments, which may impact cleaner fish efficacy and welfare. Here, in commercial sea cages, we investigated if 4 different anti-lice strategies impacted the delousing efficacy, physical c

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18

Groner, Maya L., Luke A. Rogers, Andrew W. Bateman, et al. "Lessons from sea louse and salmon epidemiology." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1689 (2016): 20150203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0203.

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Effective disease management can benefit from mathematical models that identify drivers of epidemiological change and guide decision-making. This is well illustrated in the host–parasite system of sea lice and salmon, which has been modelled extensively due to the economic costs associated with sea louse infections on salmon farms and the conservation concerns associated with sea louse infections on wild salmon. Consequently, a rich modelling literature devoted to sea louse and salmon epidemiology has been developed. We provide a synthesis of the mathematical and statistical models that have b

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Morton, Alexandra, and Rob Williams. "Response of the Sea Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis Infestation Levels on Juvenile Wild Pink, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, and Chum, O. keta, Salmon to Arrival of Parasitized Wild Adult Pink Salmon." Canadian Field-Naturalist 120, no. 2 (2006): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i2.288.

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Recent recurring infestations of Sea Lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, on juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and subsequent annual declines of these stocks have made it imperative to identify the source of Sea Lice. While several studies now identify farm salmon populations as sources of Sea Louse larvae, it is unclear to what extent wild salmonid hosts also contribute Sea Lice. We measured Sea Louse numbers on adult Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) migrating inshore. We also measured Sea Louse numbers on wild juvenile Pink and Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) migrating to sea before

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Kristoffersen, A. B., E. E. Rees, H. Stryhn, et al. "Understanding sources of sea lice for salmon farms in Chile." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 111, no. 1-2 (2013): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.03.015.

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21

Heuch, Peter A., George Gettinby, and Crawford W. Revie. "Counting sea lice on Atlantic salmon farms — Empirical and theoretical observations." Aquaculture 320, no. 3-4 (2011): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.05.002.

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Harvey, A. C., M. Quintela, K. A. Glover, et al. "Inferring Atlantic salmon post-smolt migration patterns using genetic assignment." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 10 (2019): 190426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190426.

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Understanding migratory patterns is important for predicting and mitigating unwanted consequences of environmental change or anthropogenic challenges on vulnerable species. Wild Atlantic salmon undergo challenging migrations between freshwater and marine environments, and the numbers of salmon returning to their natal rivers to reproduce have declined over several decades. Mortality from sea lice linked to fish farms within their seaward migration routes is proposed as a contributing factor to these declines. Here, we used 31 microsatellite markers to establish a genetic baseline for the main

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Marty, G. D., S. M. Saksida, and T. J. Quinn. "Relationship of farm salmon, sea lice, and wild salmon populations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 52 (2010): 22599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1009573108.

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Frazer, L. Neil, Alexandra Morton, and Martin Krkošek. "Critical thresholds in sea lice epidemics: evidence, sensitivity and subcritical estimation." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1735 (2012): 1950–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2210.

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Host density thresholds are a fundamental component of the population dynamics of pathogens, but empirical evidence and estimates are lacking. We studied host density thresholds in the dynamics of ectoparasitic sea lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) on salmon farms. Empirical examples include a 1994 epidemic in Atlantic Canada and a 2001 epidemic in Pacific Canada. A mathematical model suggests dynamics of lice are governed by a stable endemic equilibrium until the critical host density threshold drops owing to environmental change, or is exceeded by stocking, causing epidemics that require rapi

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Gharbi, Karim, Louise Matthews, James Bron, Ron Roberts, Alan Tinch, and Michael Stear. "The control of sea lice in Atlantic salmon by selective breeding." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 110 (2015): 20150574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0574.

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Sea lice threaten the welfare of farmed Atlantic salmon and the sustainability of fish farming across the world. Chemical treatments are the major method of control but drug resistance means that alternatives are urgently needed. Selective breeding can be a cheap and effective alternative. Here, we combine experimental trials and diagnostics to provide a practical protocol for quantifying resistance to sea lice. We then combined quantitative genetics with epidemiological modelling to make the first prediction of the response to selection, quantified in terms of reduced need for chemical treatm

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McEwan, Gregor F., Maya L. Groner, Danielle L. Burnett, Mark D. Fast, and Crawford W. Revie. "Managing aquatic parasites for reduced drug resistance: lessons from the land." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, no. 125 (2016): 20160830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0830.

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Atlantic salmon farming is one of the largest aquaculture industries in the world. A major problem in salmon farms is the sea louse ectoparasite Lepeophtheirus salmonis , which can cause stress, secondary infection and sometimes mortality in the salmon host. Sea lice have substantial impacts on farm economics and potentially nearby wild salmonid populations. The most common method of controlling sea louse infestations is application of chemicals. However, most farming regions worldwide have observed resistance to the small set of treatment chemicals that are available. Despite this, there has

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Núñez-Acuña, Gustavo, Constanza Sáez-Vera, Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz, Diego Valenzuela-Miranda, Gabriel Arriagada, and Cristian Gallardo-Escárate. "Tackling the Molecular Drug Sensitivity in the Sea Louse Caligus rogercresseyi Based on mRNA and lncRNA Interactions." Genes 11, no. 8 (2020): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11080857.

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Caligus rogercresseyi, commonly known as sea louse, is an ectoparasite copepod that impacts the salmon aquaculture in Chile, causing losses of hundreds of million dollars per year. This pathogen is mainly controlled by immersion baths with delousing drugs, which can lead to resistant traits selection in lice populations. Bioassays are commonly used to assess louse drug sensitivity, but the current procedures may mask relevant molecular responses. This study aimed to discover novel coding genes and non-coding RNAs that could evidence drug sensitivity at the genomic level. Sea lice samples from

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Shinn, A. P., J. E. Bron, D. J. Gray, and C. Sommervill. "Elemental analysis of Scottish populations of the ectoparasitic copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis." Contributions to Zoology 69, no. 1-2 (2000): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-0690102009.

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Conventional nebulisation ICPMS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry), was used to determine the concentration of a broad range of elements in the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Lice samples were collected from Atlantic salmon in seven localities (4 fish farms and 3 wild salmon fisheries) on two separate sampling occasions and prepared for analysis. Sixty six elements were measured, 35 of these were found to be variable and were subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. The results of the single element comparisons showed that not all individual sites could

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Gislason, H. "Statistical modelling of sea lice count data from salmon farms in the Faroe Islands." Journal of Fish Diseases 41, no. 6 (2017): 973–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12742.

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Westcott, Jillian D., K. Larry Hammell, and John F. Burka. "Sea lice treatments, management practices and sea lice sampling methods on Atlantic salmon farms in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada." Aquaculture Research 35, no. 8 (2004): 784–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01101.x.

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Elmoslemany, A., S. K. Whyte, C. W. Revie, and K. L. Hammell. "Sea lice monitoring on Atlantic salmon farms in New Brunswick, Canada: comparing audit and farm staff counts." Journal of Fish Diseases 36, no. 3 (2013): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12051.

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Murray, AG, and M. Hall. "Treatment rates for sea lice of Scottish inshore marine salmon farms depend on local (sea loch) farmed salmon biomass and oceanography." Aquaculture Environment Interactions 5, no. 2 (2014): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/aei00099.

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Krkošek, Martin, Jennifer S. Ford, Alexandra Morton, Subhash Lele, and Mark A. Lewis. "Response to Comment on "Declining Wild Salmon Populations in Relation to Parasites from Farm Salmon"." Science 322, no. 5909 (2008): 1790.3–1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1156578.

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We evaluated the effect of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations on wild pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) populations in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia. Riddell et al. suggest that we ignored factors and selectively used data. Here, we clarify misunderstandings and provide analysis to test the strength of our conclusions.

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Beamish, Richard J., Simon Jones, Chrys-Ellen Neville, et al. "Exceptional marine survival of pink salmon that entered the marine environment in 2003 suggests that farmed Atlantic salmon and Pacific salmon can coexist successfully in a marine ecosystem on the Pacific coast of Canada." ICES Journal of Marine Science 63, no. 7 (2006): 1326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.04.011.

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Abstract Juvenile pink salmon that entered a marine ecosystem along the eastern margin of Queen Charlotte Strait in 2003 and returned as adults in 2004 had very high marine survival. The early seaward migration and midsummer rearing in 2003 were in an area containing 16 active Atlantic salmon farms. Two species of sea louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus clemensi, were commonly found on farmed salmon and juvenile Pacific salmon during the early rearing period of the pink salmon. Mobile L. salmonis and C. clemensi were most abundant on farmed Atlantic salmon from February to May and on pi

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Taranger, Geir Lasse, Ørjan Karlsen, Raymond John Bannister, et al. "Risk assessment of the environmental impact of Norwegian Atlantic salmon farming." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 3 (2014): 997–1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu132.

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Abstract Norwegian aquaculture has grown from its pioneering days in the 1970s to be a major industry. It is primarily based on culturing Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout and has the potential to influence the surrounding environment and wild populations. To evaluate these potential hazards, the Institute of Marine Research initiated a risk assessment of Norwegian salmon farming in 2011. This assessment has been repeated annually since. Here, we describe the background, methods and limitations of the risk assessment for the following hazards: genetic introgression of farmed salmon in wild pop

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COSTELLO, M. J. "Development of the use of wrasse to control sea lice on salmon farms in Ireland." Aquaculture Research 25, no. 1 (1994): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1994.tb00679.x.

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Jeong, Jaewoon, and Crawford W. Revie. "Appropriate sampling strategies to estimate sea lice prevalence on salmon farms with low infestation levels." Aquaculture 518 (March 2020): 734858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734858.

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Bjørn, P. A., B. Finstad, and R. Kristoffersen. "Salmon lice infection of wild sea trout and Arctic char in marine and freshwaters: the effects of salmon farms." Aquaculture Research 32, no. 12 (2001): 947–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2001.00627.x.

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Laurin, E., M. Stormoen, C. Revie, and J. Sanchez. "A stepwise integrated risk-assessment framework in aquaculture: the case of sea lice tolerance to freshwater treatments on salmon farms." Aquaculture Environment Interactions 12 (October 22, 2020): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/aei00373.

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Aquaculture studies are often faced with data limitations when carrying out a quantitative risk assessment. Consolidating results from a literature search of potentially applicable methods, we propose a stepwise integrated methods approach that incorporates foundations from an antimicrobial resistance framework, the Office International Epizooties risk model, quantitative microbial risk assessment and infectious disease transmission models. We suggest that an initial ranking profile can be used to prioritize more in-depth qualitative and quantitative risk assessments, when data are available.

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Roth, Myron. "The availability and use of chemotherapeutic sea lice control products." Contributions to Zoology 69, no. 1-2 (2000): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-0690102012.

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An international survey revealed that eleven compounds representing five pesticide types are currently being used on commercial salmon farms for sea lice control. These include two organophosphates (dichlorvos and azamethiphos); three pyrethrin/pyrethroid compounds (pyrethrum, cypermethrin, deltamethrin); one oxidizing agent (hydrogen peroxide); three avermectins (ivermectin, emamectin and doramectin) and two benzoylphenyl ureas (teflubenzuron and diflubenzuron). The number of compounds available in any one country is highly variable, ranging from 9 (Norway) to 6 (Chile, United Kingdom) to 4 (

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Willis, K. J., P. A. Gillibrand, C. J. Cromey, and K. D. Black. "Sea lice treatments on salmon farms have no adverse effects on zooplankton communities: a case study." Marine Pollution Bulletin 50, no. 8 (2005): 806–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.02.001.

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Robbins, Chris, George Gettinby, Fiona Lees, Mark Baillie, Chris Wallace, and Crawford W. Revie. "Assessing topical treatment interventions on Scottish salmon farms using a sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) population model." Aquaculture 306, no. 1-4 (2010): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.05.006.

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Elghafghuf, Adel, Raphael Vanderstichel, Larry Hammell, and Henrik Stryhn. "Estimating sea lice infestation pressure on salmon farms: Comparing different methods using multivariate state-space models." Epidemics 31 (June 2020): 100394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2020.100394.

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Krkošek, Martin, Mark A. Lewis, and John P. Volpe. "Transmission dynamics of parasitic sea lice from farm to wild salmon." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272, no. 1564 (2005): 689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.3027.

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Taccardi, EY, IR Bricknell, and HJ Hamlin. "Seasonal progression of embryo size and lipid reserves in sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis collected from salmon farms." Marine Ecology Progress Series 664 (April 15, 2021): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13664.

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Sea liceLepeophtheirus salmonisare marine copepods that are the primary parasitic threat to Atlantic salmonSalmo salaraquaculture. Prior to infecting a host,L. salmonisembryos and larvae rely entirely on maternally derived lipid reserves, offering a unique lens for investigation of energetic trade-offs and reproductive investment. In the current study, we combined histology and image processing to assessL. salmonisembryo size, number of lipid droplets per egg, and lipid area across monthly collections (2018-2019) fromS. salarfarms in Maine, USA. Results indicate consistent embryo areas from se

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Faust, Ellika, Kim Tallaksen Halvorsen, Per Andersen, Halvor Knutsen, and Carl André. "Cleaner fish escape salmon farms and hybridize with local wrasse populations." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 3 (2018): 171752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171752.

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The genetic impact of farmed fish escaping aquaculture is a highly debated issue. However, non-target species, such as cleaner fish used to remove sea lice from farmed fish, are rarely considered. Here, we report that wild corkwing wrasse ( Symphodus melops ), which are transported long distances to be used as cleaner fish in salmon farms, escape and hybridize with local populations. Recently, increasing numbers of corkwing wrasse have been reported in Flatanger in Norway, north of its described distribution range, an area heavily relying on the import of cleaner fish from Skagerrak. Using gen

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Krkošek, Martin, Mark A. Lewis, John P. Volpe, and Alexandra Morton. "Fish Farms and Sea Lice Infestations of Wild Juvenile Salmon in the Broughton Archipelago—A Rebuttal to." Reviews in Fisheries Science 14, no. 1-2 (2006): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641260500433531.

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Revie, CW, G. Gettinby, JW Treasurer, and C. Wallace. "Identifying epidemiological factors affecting sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis abundance on Scottish salmon farms using general linear models." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 57 (2003): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao057085.

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Deady, Sandra, Sarah J. A. Varian, and Julie M. Fives. "The use of cleaner-fish to control sea lice on two Irish salmon (Salmo salar) farms with particular reference to wrasse behaviour in salmon cages." Aquaculture 131, no. 1-2 (1995): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)00331-h.

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Sackville, M., S. Tang, L. Nendick, A. P. Farrell, and C. J. Brauner. "Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) osmoregulatory development plays a key role in sea louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) tolerance." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 6 (2011): 1087–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-037.

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Sea lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) of fish-farm origin have been implicated in reducing populations of pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) in British Columbia’s Broughton Archipelago. Owing to the physically disruptive nature of louse attachment to fish skin in a hyperosmotic environment, we hypothesize that the impacts on fish performance are ionoregulatory in origin. Therefore, ionoregulatory status was measured in juvenile pink salmon artificially infected in the laboratory and naturally infected in the wild. Body [Na+] of laboratory-infected fish (∼1 week seawater (SW); 0.2–0.4 g) inc

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