Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sea mammal

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Sea mammal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sea mammal"

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Corkeron, Peter J. "Marine mammals' influence on ecosystem processes affecting fisheries in the Barents Sea is trivial." Biology Letters 5, no. 2 (2009): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0628.

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Some interpretations of ecosystem-based fishery management include culling marine mammals as an integral component. The current Norwegian policy on marine mammal management is one example. Scientific support for this policy includes the Scenario Barents Sea (SBS) models. These modelled interactions between cod, Gadus morhua , herring, Clupea harengus , capelin, Mallotus villosus and northern minke whales, Balaenoptera acutorostrata . Adding harp seals Phoca groenlandica into this top-down modelling approach resulted in unrealistic model outputs. Another set of models of the Barents Sea fish–fisheries system focused on interactions within and between the three fish populations, fisheries and climate. These model key processes of the system successfully. Continuing calls to support the SBS models despite their failure suggest a belief that marine mammal predation must be a problem for fisheries. The best available scientific evidence provides no justification for marine mammal culls as a primary component of an ecosystem-based approach to managing the fisheries of the Barents Sea.
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Selyunina, Zoya, and Yuriy Moskalenko. "Small mammals in diet of the barn owl (Tyto alba) in the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve." Novitates Theriologicae, no. 11 (August 28, 2020): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.53452/nt1112.

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The barn owl (Tyto alba) formerly was one of the rarest vagrant bird species in the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve. Since 2018, this species has been wintering regularly in the Yahorlytskyi Kut division of the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve. We studied the barn owl’s diet in the reserve by analysing 20 pellets collected in the winter of 2018. A total of 69 specimens of 5 mammal species were identified from the pellets. Species of small mammals that dominate in open habitats prevail in the barn owl’s diet such as the social vole (Microtus socialis) (dominant species of steppe habitats; 43 % of identifiable small-mammal specimens) and the lesser white-toothed shrew (Crocidura suaveolens) (dominant species of salt marsh habitats; 42 % of identifiable small-mammal specimens). Remains of the southern vole (Microtus levis), the Ural field mouse (Sylvaemus cf. uralensis), and the Eurasian pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus) were non-abundant in the barn owl’s diet.
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Bodkin, James L., and Ronald J. Jameson. "Patterns of seabird and marine mammal carcass deposition along the central California coast, 1980–1986." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 5 (1991): 1149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-163.

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At monthly intervals from February 1980 through December 1986, a 14.5-km section of central California coastline was systematically surveyed for beach-cast carcasses of marine birds and mammals. Five hundred and fifty-four bird carcasses and 194 marine mammal carcasses were found. Common murres, western grebes, and Brandt's cormorants composed 45% of the bird total. California sea lions, sea otters, and harbor seals composed 90% of the mammal total. Several factors appeared to affect patterns of carcass deposition. The El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) of 1982–1983 was the dominant influence in terms of interannual variation in carcass deposition. During this ENSO, 56% of the seabirds and 48% of the marine mammals washed ashore. Patterns of intra-annual variation were species specific and were related to animal migration patterns, reproduction, and seasonal changes in weather. Nearshore currents and winds influenced the general area of carcass deposition, while beach substrate type and local patterns of sand deposition influenced the location of carcass deposition on a smaller spatial scale. Weekly surveys along a 1.1-km section of coastline indicated that 62% of bird carcasses and 41% of mammal carcasses remained on the beach less than 9 days. Cause of death was determined for only 8% of the carcasses. Oiling was the most common indication of cause of death in birds (6%). Neonates composed 8% of all mammal carcasses.
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Castro, C., K. Van Waerebeek, D. Cárdenas, and JJ Alava. "Marine mammals used as bait for improvised fish aggregating devices in marine waters of Ecuador, eastern tropical Pacific." Endangered Species Research 41 (March 12, 2020): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01015.

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Fish aggregating devices (FADs) are floating objects typically used to attract and capture pelagic fish in industrial tuna fisheries. This study documents 9 cases, involving 31 marine mammals, of incidentally captured, killed or otherwise retrieved cetaceans and pinnipeds which were used, or presumably used, as bait for improvised fish aggregation devices (IFAD) by artisanal fishers in coastal Ecuador. At least 3 species of small cetaceans were affected, including pantropical spotted dolphin Stenella attenuata, short-finned pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus, pygmy killer whale Feresa attenuata and an unidentified small delphinid, as well as South American sea lions Otaria byronia which were reportedly killed on purpose for this fishing practice. A sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus and a humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae were presumably found floating at sea and opportunistically exploited as FADs. The South American sea lion represented 80.6% of marine mammals used as bait associated with FADs (25 sea lions out of 31 marine mammals), while the remaining 5 (possibly 6) cetacean species represented 19.4%. This is the first report of baited FADs in Ecuador, the extent of which is still unknown. This fishing technique has not been documented in other nations along the west coast of South America, although baiting of gillnets with marine mammal parts is common in Peru. Without fisheries management and regulation, this illegal fishing practice could rapidly expand and lead to further direct kills and conservation problems for targeted marine mammal populations in the eastern tropical Pacific. A bottom-up fisheries policy in concert with community-based conservation to ban the use of marine mammals as FAD bait is recommended.
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Foley, Nicole M., Mark S. Springer, and Emma C. Teeling. "Mammal madness: is the mammal tree of life not yet resolved?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1699 (2016): 20150140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0140.

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Most molecular phylogenetic studies place all placental mammals into four superordinal groups, Laurasiatheria (e.g. dogs, bats, whales), Euarchontoglires (e.g. humans, rodents, colugos), Xenarthra (e.g. armadillos, anteaters) and Afrotheria (e.g. elephants, sea cows, tenrecs), and estimate that these clades last shared a common ancestor 90–110 million years ago. This phylogeny has provided a framework for numerous functional and comparative studies. Despite the high level of congruence among most molecular studies, questions still remain regarding the position and divergence time of the root of placental mammals, and certain ‘hard nodes’ such as the Laurasiatheria polytomy and Paenungulata that seem impossible to resolve. Here, we explore recent consensus and conflict among mammalian phylogenetic studies and explore the reasons for the remaining conflicts. The question of whether the mammal tree of life is or can be ever resolved is also addressed.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Dating species divergences using rocks and clocks’.
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Baumgartner, Mark F., Kathleen M. Stafford, Peter Winsor, Hank Statscewich, and David M. Fratantoni. "Glider-Based Passive Acoustic Monitoring in the Arctic." Marine Technology Society Journal 48, no. 5 (2014): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.48.5.2.

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AbstractPersistently poor weather in the Arctic makes traditional marine mammal research from aircraft and ships difficult, yet collecting information on marine mammal distribution and habitat utilization is vital for understanding the impact of climate change on Arctic ecosystems. Moreover, as industrial use of the Arctic increases with the expansion of the open-water summer season, there is an urgent need to monitor the effects of noise from oil and gas exploration and commercial shipping on marine mammals. During September 2013, we deployed a single Slocum glider equipped with a digital acoustic monitoring (DMON) instrument to record and process in situ low-frequency (<5 kHz) audio to characterize marine mammal occurrence and habitat as well as ambient noise in the Chukchi Sea off the northwest coast of Alaska, USA. The DMON was programmed with the low-frequency detection and classification system (LFDCS) to autonomously detect and classify sounds of a variety of Arctic and sub-Arctic marine mammal species. The DMON/LFDCS reported regularly in near real time via Iridium satellite detailed detection data, summary classification information, and spectra of background noise. The spatial distributions of bowhead whale, bearded seal, and walrus call rates were correlated with surface salinity measured by the glider. Bowhead whale and walrus call rates were strongly associated with a warm and salty water mass of Bering Sea origin. With a passive acoustic capability that allows both archival recording and near real-time reporting, we envision ocean gliders will become a standard tool for marine mammal and ocean noise research and monitoring in the Arctic.
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MacKenzie, Brian R., Jürgen Alheit, Daniel J. Conley, Poul Holm, and Carl Christian Kinze. "Ecological hypotheses for a historical reconstruction of upper trophic level biomass in the Baltic Sea and Skagerrak." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 1 (2002): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-201.

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Fish and marine mammal populations in the Baltic Sea and Skagerrak have undergone major fluctuations over the past five centuries. We summarize how these fluctuations may have depended on various forms of predation (e.g., cannibalism, fishing, hunting) and environmental processes. The best-documented long-term fisheries in this region are the herring (Clupea harengus) fisheries near Bohuslän, western Sweden, and in the Øresund. These fisheries have been important since at least the 1200s and appear to be partly climatically driven. However, in the rest of the Baltic, information about fisheries for herring and other fish species is rare until after 1900. During the 20th century, while the Baltic underwent eutrophication, the biomass and landings of three fish species (cod (Gadus morhua), herring, and sprat (Sprattus sprattus)) all increased, whereas the biomass of marine mammals (grey seals (Halichoerus grypus), ringed seals (Phoca hispida), harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)) decreased. The relative roles of exploitation, marine mammal predation, and environmental variability (e.g., eutrophication, major inflows of saline water, climate change) on the long-term dynamics of key fish species is not clear and requires increased collaboration among historians, fisheries and marine mammal ecologists, oceanographers, and climatologists.
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Delefosse, Matthieu, Malene Louise Rahbek, Lars Roesen, and Karin Tubbert Clausen. "Marine mammal sightings around oil and gas installations in the central North Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 5 (2017): 993–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417000406.

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Relatively little is known about the distribution and diversity of marine mammals around offshore anthropogenic structures. We present results obtained from incidental sightings of marine mammals around oil and gas installations located 200 km off the Danish coast. A total of 131 sightings corresponding to about 288 animals were reported between May 2013 and May 2016. A total of seven marine mammal species were identified, five cetaceans: harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris), killer whale (Orcinus orca), pilot whales (Globicephala spp.) and two species of pinnipeds: harbour (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). The most sighted species were harbour porpoise (41%) and minke whale (31%). Relative counts and biodiversity of marine mammals observed around installations corresponded well with the expected distribution in the central North Sea. Several taxon-specific correlations were identified between number of sightings and environmental parameters (depth and latitude) or installation characteristics (installation aerial footprint). Furthermore, 85% of sightings were made during spring and summer and it is unclear whether the pattern observed reflected a natural seasonal occurrence of marine mammals in the area or an effect of reduced effort during autumn and winter. Despite the potential caveats, results obtained during this programme provide an insight into the relationship between marine mammals and oil and gas offshore installations in the North Sea.
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Lavigne, D. M., S. Innes, G. A. J. Worthy, K. M. Kovacs, O. J. Schmitz, and J. P. Hickie. "Metabolic rates of seals and whales." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 2 (1986): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-047.

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A critical review of metabolic rate determinations for pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, fur seals, and walrus) and cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) does not support the widely accepted generalization that they have higher metabolic rates than terrestrial mammals of similar size. This finding necessitates a rethinking of the thermoregulatory adaptations of these marine mammals for an aquatic existence and has important implications in comparative studies of mammals, which frequently omit marine forms because they are perceived to be "different" from other mammals. It also suggests that numerous studies have overestimated food consumption by marine mammal populations.
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Pitcher, Benjamin J., Robert G. Harcourt, Benoist Schaal, and Isabelle Charrier. "Social olfaction in marine mammals: wild female Australian sea lions can identify their pup's scent." Biology Letters 7, no. 1 (2010): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0569.

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Historically, anatomical evidence has suggested that marine mammals are anosmic or at best microsmatic, i.e. absent or reduced olfactory capabilities. However, these neuroanatomical considerations may not be appropriate predictors for the use of olfaction in social interactions. Observations suggest that pinnipeds may use olfaction in mother–pup interactions, accepting or rejecting pups after naso-nasal contact. Such maternal–offspring recognition is a favourable area for investigating the involvement of odours in social recognition and selectivity, as females are evolutionarily constrained to direct resources to filial young. However, there is no experimental, morphological or chemical evidence to date for the use of olfaction in social contexts and for individual odour recognition abilities in pinnipeds. Here, we report unequivocal evidence that Australian sea lion ( Neophoca cinerea ) females can differentiate between the odour of their own pup and that of another, in the absence of any other distinguishing cues. This study demonstrates individual olfactory recognition in a free-ranging wild mammal and is clear evidence of the social function of olfaction in a marine mammal.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sea mammal"

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Hennen, Daniel Reneau. "The Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Decline and the Gulf of Alaska / Bering Sea Commercial Fishery." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/hennen/HennenD1204.pdf.

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The Steller sea lion (SSL) population in Alaska was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1991. Several procedural restrictions were placed on the commercial fisheries of the region at that time in an effort to reduce the potential for human induced mortality on sea lions. Several years have elapsed since these restrictions were put into place and questions about their efficacy abound. In an effort to determine whether or not fisheries interventions have helped the SSL population to recover, estimates of the fishing activity of the Bering Sea/ Gulf of Alaska commercial fisheries in the vicinity of individual Steller sea lion rookeries and SSL population trends at those rookeries were made using data from the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Fisheries Observer Program and Steller Sea Lion Adult Count Database. Fisheries data from 1976 - 2000 were analyzed in relation to SSL population counts from 1956 - 2001, at 32 rookeries from the endangered Western Stock. Linear regression on the principal components of the fisheries data show that a positive correlation exists between several metrics of historical fishing activity and SSL population decline. The relationship is less consistent after 1991, supporting a hypothesis that fishing closures around some of the rookeries have been effective in moderating the localized effects of fishing activity on SSL.
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Yeates, Laura Carleen. "Physiological capabilities and behavioral strategies for marine living by the smallest marine mammal, the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Ferdinando, Pilar M. "Assessment of Heavy Metals in Subsistence-Harvested Alaskan Marine Mammal Body Tissues and Vibrissae." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/504.

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The coastal, indigenous communities around Alaska have subsisted on marine animals for generations, often focusing on large apex predators such as seals, sea lions, and whales. Three species of pinnipeds (harbor seal, Steller sea lion, northern fur seal) and the northern sea otter have all undergone significant population declines since the 1970s, some regions more than others. Archived vibrissae (whiskers) and body tissues from these four species were available from the Bering Sea and throughout the Gulf of Alaska from the 1990s and early 2000s. Tissues from these species are exceedingly difficult to obtain; thus, the archived tissues provided a finite and irreplaceable resource of data. Analysis of these archived tissues indicates which species, tissues, and gender bioaccumulate metals more readily. In this study twelve heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, vanadium, zinc) were analyzed in vibrissae from the four select species, and in body tissues from harbor seals and Steller sea lions. The samples were collected from three regions (southeastern, southcentral, and southwestern Alaska) during the 1990s through early 2000s. Significant differences of heavy metal concentrations in vibrissae were detected among elements (p2(110) = 454.81, p2(66) = 310.88, p
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Larson, Shawn Elizabeth. "Genetic and endocrine related variability of sea otters, Enhydra lutris /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5360.

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Ream, Rolf R. "Molecular ecology of North Pacific Otariids : genetic assessment of north fur seal and Steller sea lion distributions /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5293.

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Guedes, Inês Ferreira. "Patterns of colonisation in an implanted mammal carcass in the deep-Atlantic ocean." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14018.

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Mestrado em Biologia Marinha<br>Whale carcasses reaching the bottom of the ocean, known as “whale falls”, represent massive organic inputs that provide habitat islands for complex communities of specialised fauna. However, studies about these habitats are mostly restricted to the Pacific Ocean. To investigate the importance of whale falls in the deep-Atlantic Ocean, five mammal carcasses were deployed within the CARCACE project at 1000 m depth in the Setubal canyon (NE Atlantic, west Portuguese margin). In order to describe the fauna associated with the carcasses, investigate the trophic ecology of the metazoan assemblages and analyse the functional morphology of the encountered specialists, bones resulting from the degradation of the carcasses were collected 18 and 28 months after the deployment using a ROV. In this context, the colonisation patterns of two dominant taxa of invertebrates found in the colonising assemblages, the mytilid mussel “Idas” simpsoni and Dorvilleidae polychaetes were studied. Regarding “I.” simpsoni the specific goals of this work were to investigate its settlement patterns and to understand its nutritional strategy. The analyses of the populations' size structure showed a continuous settlement and a limitation in growth and adult survival. These limitations are probably due to insufficient energy supplied by the cow bone to maintain chemosynthesis, which is in agreement with the isotopic signatures that indicated a higher contribution of filter feeding than chemosynthesis to their nutrition. Concerning the dorvilleid assemblages, the analyses of species composition disclosed temporal variations associated with distinct food sources at different degradation stages of the bones, as different species presented different isotopic signatures. Moreover, species distribution in different microhabitats did not show any relation with the substrate texture, hardness and presence of conspicuous filamentous bacteria on the surface. The morphology of the jaw apparatus of the different dorvilleid species was also analysed in order to investigate the relationship between this structure and trophic ecology. Dorvilleid jaw apparatuses are generally used in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, but this is the first study on the functional anatomy of these structures. Species with similar jaw characteristics exhibited similar isotopic signatures, suggesting a possible role of the jaw morphology in the specialisation on different resources. However, further studies, using more species from different habitats, are needed to establish this relationship. Overall, these results give significant insights about the ecology of the studied species and into the colonisation patterns of deep-sea mammal carcasses in the Atlantic Ocean.<br>As carcaças de baleia que chegam ao fundo do oceano representam grandes quantidades de matéria orgânica que servem de base a comunidades complexas de fauna especializada. No entanto, a informação disponível sobre este tipo de habitats está praticamente limitada ao oceano Pacífico. Com o intuito de investigar a importância das carcaças de baleia no oceano Atlântico profundo foram fundeadas, no âmbito do projeto CARCACE, cinco carcaças de mamíferos a 1000 m de profundidade no canhão de Setúbal (costa Portuguesa, NE Atlântico). Com o objetivo de descrever a fauna associada às carcaças, investigar a sua ecologia trófica e analisar a morfologia funcional das espécies encontradas, os ossos resultantes da degradação das carcaças foram recuperados utilizando um ROV 18 e 28 meses após o fundeamento. Neste contexto, foi feito o estudo de dois grupos dominantes de invertebrados recolhidos da superfície dos ossos, os mexilhões “Idas” simpsoni e poliquetas da família Dorvilleidae. Os objetivos específicos deste trabalho relativamente a “Idas” simpsoni, prenderam-se com o estudo dos padrões de assentamento da espécie e também com a compreensão da sua estratégia nutricional. A análise do tamanho dos indivíduos das populações demonstrou um assentamento contínuo, bem como restrições no crescimento e sobrevivência dos adultos. Estas limitações devem-se, possivelmente, ao facto de os ossos de vaca não disponibilizarem energia suficiente para a realização de quimiossíntese, o que é corroborado pelas análises isotópicas que sugeriram uma maior contribuição da filtração na estratégia nutricional de “Idas” simpsoni. Relativamente à análise da composição das espécies de dorvileídeos esta revelou variações temporais associadas a diferentes fontes de alimentação, o que está de acordo com os resultados da análise dos isótopos estáveis das diferentes espécies, que demonstraram assinaturas isotópicas distintas associadas a cada espécie. Para além disso, a distribuição dos dorvileídeos por diferentes microhabitats não demonstrou qualquer relação com a textura, dureza e a presença de bactérias filamentosas na superfície do substrato. A morfologia do aparelho bocal das diferentes espécies de dorvileídeos foi também analisada com o intuito de investigar a relação entre esta estrutura e ecologia trófica das espécies. O aparelho bocal dos dorvileídeos é, geralmente, utilizado em estudos taxonómicos e filogenéticos, mas o presente estudo constitui a primeira abordagem à anatomia funcional destas estruturas. Espécies com aparelhos bocais semelhantes exibiram assinaturas isotópicas semelhantes, sugerindo uma possível influência da morfologia desta estrutura na especialização de cada espécie em diferentes recursos. No entanto, para estabelecer uma relação direta entre estes dois fatores, será necessário fazer um estudo mais aprofundado, utilizando outras espécies provenientes de outros habitats. No geral, os resultados obtidos neste trabalho, revelam características importantes da ecologia das espécies estudadas, bem como dos padrões de colonização de carcaças de mamíferos no Oceano Atlântico profundo.
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Vice, President Research Office of the. "Sea Change." Office of the Vice President Research, The University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9510.

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Wierucka, Kaja. "Multimodal mother-offspring recognition in the Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS432.

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La reconnaissance joue un rôle important dans les systèmes de communication animale et plusieurs modalités sensorielles sont impliquées à cette fin. Bien que la reconnaissance mère-jeune ait été largement étudiée, il y a un manque d'information sur la reconnaissance multimodale et l'importance relative des différentes modalités dans ce processus. Dans cette thèse, j'ai exploré la communication multimodale chez un mammifère colonial - le lion de mer Australien (Neophoca cinerea). La reconnaissance mère-jeune est connue pour être multimodale chez cette espèce, mais les processus sous-jacents de la reconnaissance olfactive et visuelle, ainsi que les interactions entre les indices acoustiques, visuels et olfactifs, et leurs contributions relatives restent inconnues. Des analyses chimiques ont permis de déterminer si les profils chimiques diffèrent selon le sexe et l'âge, les colonies et les régions corporelles des animaux. La présence de similarités chimiques entre la mère et son petit suggèrent que l'appariement des phénotypes pourrait être utilisé pour la reconnaissance olfactive. J'ai examiné le rôle des indices visuels lors de la reconnaissance mère-jeune et j'ai constaté que les indices visuels spécifiques à l'âge sont utilisés par les femelles pour affiner la recherche de leur petit dans la colonie. Les jeunes ont également la capacité de distinguer divers indices visuels, qui peuvent être utilisés pour identifier les différentes classes de congénères. Enfin, j’ai pu aussi déterminer comment les indices acoustiques, olfactifs et visuels sont utilisés de manière synergique dans le processus d’identification individuel, et les résultats sont interprété dans une perspective coûts-avantages pour démêler les pressions évolutives sur chaque composante de ce système de communication. Si les différents indices sensoriels ont la capacité de transmettre des informations en isolation, leur rôle peut être différent lorsque d'autres indices sensoriels sont présents. Les résultats de cette recherche fournissent des résultats sans précédent, contribuant à une meilleure compréhension de la reconnaissance mère-jeune chez les mammifères, ainsi que des règles générales de communication chez les vertébrés<br>Recognition plays an important role in animal communication systems and individuals often employ different sensory modalities to enact this activity. Although recognition has been widely investigated, especially for mother-offspring interactions, there is a dearth of information about multimodal recognition and the relative importance and interactions of various sensory cues. In this thesis, I explored multimodal communication in a colonial mammal – the Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea). Communication during mother-pup reunions is known to be multimodal in this species, yet the underlying processes of olfactory and visual recognition, as well as the interactions between acoustic, visual and olfactory cues remain unclear. Through chemical analyses, I determined whether chemical profiles differ among sex and age classes, colonies, and body regions of animals. Chemical similarities between mothers and pups indicate that phenotype matching may be used by Australian sea lions for olfactory recognition. I examined the role of visual cues in mother-pup recognition and found that age-specific visual cues assist mothers to refine their search for their offspring in the colony. Pups are capable of distinguishing various visual cues that can be used in the assessment of conspecifics. Having provided baseline information about the role of sensory cues in isolation, I determined how acoustic, olfactory, and visual cues are used in a synergistic way to ensure accurate mutual recognition and then interpreted the results using a cost-benefit perspective to disentangle the evolutionary pressures on each component of this communication system. I showed that although cues have the ability to convey given information in isolation, their role may be different when other sensory cues are present. Furthermore, there is a mutual dependency in the communication system, where the limitations imposed on one participant of the dyad affect cue use by the other. These findings contribute to a better understanding of mammal mother-offspring recognition and communication mechanisms in vertebrates
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French, John. "Satellite technology for tracking birds and sea mammals." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1986. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU362526.

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Burgeoning world communication networks indicate a period of intense investment in space technology, this makes it a good point in time to pose the question: Is there a satellite location system capable of remotely recording the track of an electronics package made small enough for a bird to carry? Clearly a solution for birds will considerably advance the possibility of tracking other wildlife and indeed almost any artefact. The laws of nature give a finite working lifetime to all earth satellites. This and the steady advance of technology means that satellite systems are deployed and fade from use over a single decade. While replacements for those that malfunction or become exhausted can be launched, improved concepts consistently make periodic system replacement more worthwhile. Among the currently available satellite systems capable of positioning, the Argos data collection and location system is the most suitable for wildlife tracking. A short explanation of Doppler positioning is given and examples of data from remote sensing satellites show some of the background data available. I have briefly cited early studies on Elk, Polar bears, Dolphins, Turtles, Basking shark and Humpback whales. Design work for the bird location package begins in section 3. An experimental harness is tested together with a lightweight pure nickel case for the electronic assembly. Environment effects are considered and wind tunnel tests are made to determine drag and heat loss. Sub-sections 3-1 to 3- 8 complete the work as follows:- High stability oscillator. A circuit with acceptable performance and minimal power input is evolved by investigation of each component. RF power circuits and phase modulator designed for minimal part count are described. Digital encoder, required to generate the PTT identity code etc is described, it uses microminiature components and a CMOS field programmable ROM. A developed version for sensor data input is also described. Antenna, this is designed using a model bird filled with a fluid having similar permittivity and conductivity to living tissue. Impedance and field patterns are measured using a signal source, vector voltmeter, reflectometer, spectrum analyser and specialised test equipment. Power is derived from lithium cells as a result of pulse testing to identify the best type; solar arrays are also investigated. Possible behavioural aberrations due to RF emissions are considered as the RF pulse power is 30 dBs (1000 times) higher than conventional equipment at VHF. It is shown that avian heart-rate is not affected by the RF pulse. Results and conclusions Solutions to engineering problems encountered in applying the design to birds, seals and whales are shown to be successful by the results of field trials. Appendices outline supporting work.
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Miller, Natalie J. "The evolution of a physiological system the pulmonary surfactant system in diving mammals /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37717.

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Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins that lowers surface tension, increases lung compliance, and prevents the adhesion of respiratory surfaces and pulmonary oedema. Pressure can have an enormous impact on respiratory function, by mechanically compressing tissues, increasing gas tension resulting in increased gas absorption and by increasing dissolved gas tensions during diving, resulting in the formation of bubbles in the blood and tissues. The lungs of diving mammals have a huge range of morphological adaptations to enable them to endure the extremely high pressures associated with deep diving. Here, I hypothesise that surfactant will also be modified, to complement the morphological changes and enable more efficient lung function during diving. Molecular adaptations to diving were examined in surfactant protein C (SP-C) using phylogenetic analyses. The composition and function of pulmonary surfactant from several species of diving mammals was examined using biochemical assays, mass spectrometry and captive bubble surfactometry. The development of surfactant in one species of diving mammal (California sea lion), and the control of surfactant secretion using chemical and mechanical stimuli were also determined. Diving mammals showed modifications to SP-C, which are likely to lead to stronger binding to the monolayer, thereby increasing its fluidity. Phospholipid molecular species concentrations were altered to increase the concentration of more fluid species. There was also an increase in the percentage of alkyl molecular species, which may increase the stability of the monolayer during compression and facilitate rapid respreading. Levels of SP-B were much lower in the diving species, and cholesterol was inversely proportional to the maximum dive depth of the three species. Surface activity of surfactant from diving mammals was very poor compared to surfactant from terrestrial mammals. The newborn California sea lion surfactant was similar to terrestrial mammal surfactant, suggesting that these animals develop the diving-type of surfactant after they first enter the water. The isolated cells of California sea lions also showed a similar response to neuro-hormonal stimulation as terrestrial mammals, but were insensitive to pressure. These findings showed diving mammal surfactant to have a primarily anti-adhesive function that develops after the first entry into the water, with a surfactant monolayer, which would be better suited to repeated collapse and respreading.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2005.
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Books on the topic "Sea mammal"

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illustrator, Leonard Thomas 1955, ed. The sea mammal alphabet book. Scholastic, 2013.

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Pallotta, Jerry. The sea mammal alphabet book. Bald Eagle Books, 2012.

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Spilsbury, Richard. A pod of dolphins, and other sea mammal groups. Heinemann Library, 2013.

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Spilsbury, Richard. A pod of dolphins and other sea mammal groups. Raintree, 2013.

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Post, Lee. The small mammal manual manuscript: A step by step guide to preparing and articulating small mammal skeletons. L. Post, 2006.

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Eberhardt, L. L. Population model for Alaska Peninsula sea otters. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Pacific OCS Region, 1988.

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Pfister, Bete. Computations of historic and current biomass estimates of marine mammals in the Bering Sea. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 2004.

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Burkanov, V. N. Counts of Steller sea lions at Kamchatka and the Commander Islands, U.S.S.R., during June and July 1989. Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1991.

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Moulton, Valerie D. Recommended seabird and marine mammal observational protocols for Atlantic Canada. Environmental Studies Research Funds, 2004.

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Richardson, Scott A. Washington State recovery plan for the sea otter: Draft. Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Program, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sea mammal"

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Durner, George M., and Todd C. Atwood. "Polar Bears and Sea Ice Habitat Change." In Marine Mammal Welfare. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_23.

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Gisiner, Robert, and Ronald J. Schusterman. "Combinatorial Relationships Learned by a Language-Trained Sea Lion." In Marine Mammal Sensory Systems. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3406-8_40.

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Bel’kovich, Vsevolod M., and Michail N. Shchekotov. "Individual Signals of Belugas Associated with Hunting Behavior in the White Sea." In Marine Mammal Sensory Systems. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3406-8_30.

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Kastelein, Ron, Piet Mosterd, and Nancy Vaughan. "Cognition and Decision-Making by a California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) in Visual Discrimination Tests." In Marine Mammal Sensory Systems. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3406-8_42.

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Bodkin, James L., and Mark S. Udevitz. "An aerial survey method to estimate sea otter abundance." In Marine Mammal Survey and Assessment Methods. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211167-3.

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Manly, Bryan F. J., and Kim Walshe. "The population management plan for the New Zealand sea lion." In Marine Mammal Survey and Assessment Methods. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211167-24.

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Schusterman, Ronald J., Evelyn B. Hanggi, and Robert Gisiner. "Acoustic Signalling in Mother-Pup Reunions, Interspecies Bonding, and Affiliation by Kinship in California Sea Lions (Zalophus Californianus)." In Marine Mammal Sensory Systems. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3406-8_34.

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Geraci, Joseph R., and Valerie J. Lounsbury. "Marine Mammal Health: Holding the Balance in an Ever-changing Sea." In Marine Mammals. Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0529-7_10.

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Wiig, Ø., and A. E. Derocher. "Application of aerial survey methods to polar bears in the Barents Sea." In Marine Mammal Survey and Assessment Methods. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211167-4.

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Andersson, Mathias H., and Torbjörn Johansson. "Assessment of Marine Mammal Impact Zones for Use of Military Sonar in the Baltic Sea." In The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sea mammal"

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Semenov, A. R., and S. S. Evfratova. "Marine mammal sightings in the coastal area of the eastern Kara Sea." In Marine mammals of the Holarctic. Marine Mammal Council, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35267/978-5-9904294-0-6-2019-1-297-303.

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Belonovich, Olga. "Marine mammal sightings on the Northern Sea Route in August and September 2017." In Marine mammals of the Holarctic. RPO “Marine Mammal Council”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35267/978-5-9904294-7-5-2020-1-59-67.

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Baruwa, Abdulquadir L., Adrian N. Evans, Robert J. Watson, and Roy Wyatt. "Video-based Real-time Automated Distance Estimation at Sea (RADES) for marine mammal mitigation." In 2013 MTS/IEEE OCEANS. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans-bergen.2013.6608020.

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Uchida, Hiroaki, Kenzo Nonami, Yoshihiko Iguchi, Huang Qing Jiu, and Takaaki Yanai. "Partial Model Based Walking Control of Quadruped Locomotion Robot With Self Renovation Control Function." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/movic-8432.

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Abstract It is considered that locomotion robots are aggressive under the circumstances where human hardly work, for example, in the nuclear power plant, in the bottom of the sea and on a planet. The injury and the fault of the robot might occur frequently under those circumstances. It is very important problem that the robot can realize the walking with the fault. This is very difficult problem for biped and quadruped robot to realize a stable walking in the case that actuator or sensor is broken. And, in walking of mammal, gait pattern is generated by neural oscillator existing in the spinal cord. In the case that a lower neural system is injured, mammal realize a walking by a higher neural system. Thus, mammal has a self renovation function. In this study, in order to realize the stable walking of the quadruped robot with fault, we discuss the control method with self renovation function for the fault of the decentralized controller and the angular sensor. First, we design the centralized controller of one leg by sliding mode control for the fault of decentralized controller. Second, Sky Hook Suspension Control is applied for the fault of the angular sensor. The proposed methods are verified by 3D simulations by CAD and experiments.
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Dziak, Robert P., Jongkuk Hong, Seung-Goo Kang, Tai-Kwan Lau, Joseph H. Haxel, and Haruyoshi Matsumoto. "The Balleny Island hydrophone array: Hydro-acoustic records of sea-ice dynamics, seafloor volcano-tectonic activity, and marine mammal vocalizations off Antarctica." In OCEANS 2017 - Aberdeen. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanse.2017.8084571.

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Shyam, Vikram, Ali Ameri, Philip Poinsatte, Douglas Thurman, Adam Wroblewski, and Christopher Snyder. "Application of Pinniped Vibrissae to Aeropropulsion." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43055.

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Vibrissae (whiskers) of Phoca Vitulina (Harbor Seal) and Mirounga Angustirostris (Elephant Seal) possess undulations along their length. Harbor Seal Vibrissae have been shown to reduce vortex induced vibrations and reduce drag compared to appropriately scaled cylinders and ellipses. Samples of Harbor Seal vibrissae, Elephant Seal vibrissae and California Sea Lion vibrissae were collected from the Marine Mammal Center in California. CT scanning, microscopy and 3D scanning techniques were utilized to characterize the whiskers. Leading edge parameters from the whiskers were used to create a 3D profile based on a modern power turbine blade. The NASA SW-2 cascade wind tunnel facility was used to perform hotwire surveys and pitot surveys in the wake of the ‘Seal Blades’ to provide validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were used to study the effect of incidence angles from −37 to +10 degrees on the aerodynamic performance of the Seal blade. The tests and simulations were conducted at a Reynolds number of 100,000 based on inlet conditions and blade axial chord. The Seal blades showed consistent performance improvements over the baseline configuration. It was determined that a fuel burn reduction of approximately 5% could be achieved for a fixed wing aircraft.
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Guzas, Emily L., Stephen E. Turner, Matthew Babina, Brandon Casper, Thomas N. Fetherston, and Joseph M. Ambrico. "Validation of a Surrogate Model for Marine Mammal Lung Dynamics Under Underwater Explosive Impulse." In ASME 2019 Verification and Validation Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/vvs2019-5143.

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Abstract Primary blast injury (PBI), which relates gross blast-related trauma or traces of injury in air-filled tissues or those tissues adjacent to air-filled regions (rupture/lesions, contusions, hemorrhaging), has been documented in a number of marine mammal species after blast exposure [1, 2, 3]. However, very little is known about marine mammal susceptibility to PBI except in rare cases of opportunistic studies. As a result, traditional techniques rely on analyses using small-scale terrestrial mammals as surrogates for large-scale marine mammals. For an In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) project sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), researchers at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport (NUWCDIVNPT), have undertaken a broad 3-year effort to integrate computational fluid-structure interaction techniques with marine mammal anatomical structure. The intent is to numerically simulate the dynamic response of a marine mammal thoracic cavity and air-filled lungs to shock loading, to enhance understanding of marine mammal lungs to shock loading in the underwater environment. In the absence of appropriate test data from live marine mammals, a crucial part of this work involves code validation to test data for a suitable surrogate test problem. This research employs a surrogate of an air-filled spherical membrane structure subjected to shock loading as a first order approximation to understanding marine mammal lung response to underwater explosions (UNDEX). This approach incrementally improves upon the currently used one-dimensional spherical air bubble approximation to marine mammal lung response by providing an encapsulating boundary for the air. The encapsulating structure is membranous, with minimal simplified representation not accounting for marine mammal species-specific and individual animal differences in tissue composition, rib mechanics, and mechanical properties of interior lung tissue. NUWCDIVNPT partnered with the Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory (NSMRL) to design and execute a set of experiments to investigate the shock response of an air-filled rubber dodgeball in a shallow underwater environment. These tests took place in the 2.13 m (7-ft) diameter pressure tank at the University of Rhode Island, with test measurements including pressure data and digital image correlation (DIC) data captured with high-speed cameras in a stereo setup. The authors developed 3-dimensional computational models of the dodgeball experiments using Dynamic System Mechanics Advanced Simulation (DYSMAS), a Navy fluid-structure interaction code. DYSMAS models of a variety of different problems involving submerged pressure vessel structures responding to hydrostatic and/or UNDEX loading have been validated against test data [4]. Proper validation of fluid structure interaction simulations is quite challenging, requiring measurements in both the fluid and structure domains. This paper details the development of metrics for comparison between test measurements and simulation results, with a discussion of potential sources of uncertainty.
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Alam, Mohammad-Reza. "A Flexible Seafloor Carpet for High-Performance Wave Energy Extraction." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-84034.

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Similar to the mechanism by which a visco-elastic mud damps the energy of overpassing surface waves, if the near-shore seafloor is carpeted by an elastic thin material attached to generators (i.e. dampers) a high fraction of surface wave energy can be absorbed. Here we present analytical modeling of the flexible carpet wave energy converter and show that a high efficiency is achievable. Expressions for optimal damping and stiffness coefficients are derived and different modes of oscillations are discussed. The presented wave energy conversion scheme is completely under the water surface hence imposes minimal danger to boats and the sea life (i.e. no mammal entanglement). The carpet is survivable against high momentum of storm surges and in fact can perform well under very energetic (e.g. stormy) sea conditions, when most existing wave energy devices are needed to shelter themselves by going into an idle mode. I am honored to be a colleague of Prof. Ronald Yeung at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a world renowned scientist of ship hydrodynamics with several valuable and key contributions to the field. This manuscript on a new ocean wave energy extraction scheme is due to Ron’s recent interest in the field of ocean renewable energy. I am looking forward to years of working closely with him. Thank you Ron.
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Korzhev, V. A., V. B. Zabavnikov, and I. N. Shafikov. "Analysis of estimation of the current White Sea harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) population abundance in the absence of hunting pressure, using cohort models." In Marine mammals of the Holarctic. Marine Mammal Council, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35267/978-5-9904294-0-6-2019-1-128-136.

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Baimukanov, M., A. Baimukanova, T. Baimukanov, K. Isbekov, E. Dauyenev, and S. Ryskulov. "Results of surveys of Caspian seal (Pusa caspica) abundance on the island haulout sites in the Kazakhstan zone of the Caspian Sea, 2015–2018." In Marine mammals of the Holarctic. RPO “Marine Mammal Council”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35267/978-5-9904294-7-5-2020-1-48-59.

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Reports on the topic "Sea mammal"

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Koski, William R., John W. Lawson, Denis H. Thomson, and W. Richardson. Point Mugu Sea Range Marine Mammal Technical Report. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada413894.

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Geelhoed, Steve C. V., Nicole Janinhoff, Sander Lagerveld, Linn S. Lehnert, and Hans Verdaat. Marine mammal surveys in Dutch North Sea waters in 2017. Wageningen Marine Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/448322.

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Geelhoed, Steve C. V., Nicole Janinhoff, Samder Lagerveld, and Hans Verdaat. Marine mammal surveys in Dutch North Sea waters in 2018. Wageningen Marine Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/466280.

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Geelhoed, Steve C. V., Nicole Janinhoff, Sander Lagerveld, and Hans Verdaat. Marine mammal surveys in Dutch North Sea waters in 2019. Wageningen Marine Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/515228.

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Reidy, R. Marine mammal observations report: marine mammal observations during a seismic survey 30 August-4 September 2017, Canada-Korea-USA research expedition in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/308449.

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Nystuen, Jeffrey A. Cumulative and Synergistic Effects of Physical, Biological, and Acoustic Signals on Marine Mammal Habitat Use Physical Oceanography Component: Soundscapes Under Sea Ice: Can We Listen for Open Water? Defense Technical Information Center, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada598970.

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Korbin, John P., Anna Bancroft, Jonathan Dunnum, and Joseph Cook. X-ray CT Scans - New Mexico Mammals - Set 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1641880.

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Hulton, Peter H., Carroll A. Ciminello, Roy Deavenport, et al. Determination of Acoustic Effects on Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles for the Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing Environmental Impact Statement/Overseas Environmental Impact Statement. Defense Technical Information Center, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589838.

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Schwartz, Daniel S., and Lav Tandon. Uncertainty in the use of MAMA software to measure particle morphological parameters from SEM images. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1361474.

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Tweet, Justin S., Vincent L. Santucci, Kenneth Convery, Jonathan Hoffman, and Laura Kirn. Channel Islands National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2278664.

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Channel Island National Park (CHIS), incorporating five islands off the coast of southern California (Anacapa Island, San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island), has an outstanding paleontological record. The park has significant fossils dating from the Late Cretaceous to the Holocene, representing organisms of the sea, the land, and the air. Highlights include: the famous pygmy mammoths that inhabited the conjoined northern islands during the late Pleistocene; the best fossil avifauna of any National Park Service (NPS) unit; intertwined paleontological and cultural records extending into the latest Pleistocene, including Arlington Man, the oldest well-dated human known from North America; calichified “fossil forests”; records of Miocene desmostylians and sirenians, unusual sea mammals; abundant Pleistocene mollusks illustrating changes in sea level and ocean temperature; one of the most thoroughly studied records of microfossils in the NPS; and type specimens for 23 fossil taxa. Paleontological research on the islands of CHIS began in the second half of the 19th century. The first discovery of a mammoth specimen was reported in 1873. Research can be divided into four periods: 1) the few early reports from the 19th century; 2) a sustained burst of activity in the 1920s and 1930s; 3) a second burst from the 1950s into the 1970s; and 4) the modern period of activity, symbolically opened with the 1994 discovery of a nearly complete pygmy mammoth skeleton on Santa Rosa Island. The work associated with this paleontological resource inventory may be considered the beginning of a fifth period. Fossils were specifically mentioned in the 1938 proclamation establishing what was then Channel Islands National Monument, making CHIS one of 18 NPS areas for which paleontological resources are referenced in the enabling legislation. Each of the five islands of CHIS has distinct paleontological and geological records, each has some kind of fossil resources, and almost all of the sedimentary formations on the islands are fossiliferous within CHIS. Anacapa Island and Santa Barbara Island, the two smallest islands, are primarily composed of Miocene volcanic rocks interfingered with small quantities of sedimentary rock and covered with a veneer of Quaternary sediments. Santa Barbara stands apart from Anacapa because it was never part of Santarosae, the landmass that existed at times in the Pleistocene when sea level was low enough that the four northern islands were connected. San Miguel Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island have more complex geologic histories. Of these three islands, San Miguel Island has relatively simple geologic structure and few formations. Santa Cruz Island has the most varied geology of the islands, as well as the longest rock record exposed at the surface, beginning with Jurassic metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks. The Channel Islands have been uplifted and faulted in a complex 20-million-year-long geologic episode tied to the collision of the North American and Pacific Places, the initiation of the San Andreas fault system, and the 90° clockwise rotation of the Transverse Ranges, of which the northern Channel Islands are the westernmost part. Widespread volcanic activity from about 19 to 14 million years ago is evidenced by the igneous rocks found on each island.
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