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Journal articles on the topic 'Sea Mine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Möller, Gunnar. "From a DC-3 to BOSB: The Road to a Breakthrough in Military Safety Measures Against the Risks of Historic, Explosive Ordnance." Marine Technology Society Journal 45, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.6.1.

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AbstractApproximately 175,000 mines were laid in the Baltic Sea during the world wars, and in former mined areas in general, 10‐30% of the mines remain sunken on the seabed. The search for a Swedish aircraft downed in 1952 led to the finding of previously unknown minefields in the Baltic Sea. Subsequent historic research has identified approximately 1,985 minefields in the Baltic Sea and 4,400 minefields in the North Sea. These historic minefields present an impediment to the use of the Baltic and North Seas and are a real danger to the increasing shipping, fishery, and exploration of the seabed. The Baltic Ordnance Safety Board (BOSB) was established in 2006 to assemble information on mines and other explosives in the Baltic Sea, to prioritize areas for mine clearance, and to coordinate multinational mine clearance efforts across the Baltic Sea. The BOSB has improved the efficiency of mine clearance and the safety of seafarers and all those who have the seabed as their working ground.

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2

Bennet, Chris. "Mine Warfare at Sea." African Security Review 7, no. 5 (January 1998): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.1998.9627874.

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3

Zhao, Shuang, Jian Zhang, Dongwei Kou, and Cean Guo. "The research of time-frequency characteristics of buried mine of seismic waves in shallow sea." Noise & Vibration Worldwide 51, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957456519900786.

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To study the variation of the wave field of seismic waves in shallow sea of buried mines, the wave field of buried mine was simulated by employing LS-DYNA software. The effects of different distances ( R), rock density ( ρ2), buried depth ( h), and seawater height ( H) on the variation of wave field were obtained. The time-frequency analysis of the simulation results was carried out by using wavelet transform, and it was determined that the frequency domain of shallow sea is mainly concentrated below 25 Hz. To get the propagation characteristics of shallow sea seismic wave, the wave field below 25 Hz on the surface of buried mine was filtered by the low-pass filter. The buried depth has the greatest influence on the wave field of buried mine. The underwater target can be identified by the propagation characteristics of shallow sea seismic wave. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. The research results can provide an important reference for development of buried mine fuse.

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4

Chung, Lu Han, Mon Don Liu, and Chyan Yang. "Expert Systems for Sea Mine Warfare." Defence Science Journal 44, no. 4 (January 1, 1994): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.44.4185.

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5

Galperin, Michael Y. "Metagenomics: from acid mine to shining sea." Environmental Microbiology 6, no. 6 (June 2004): 543–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2004.00652.x.

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6

Davies, Gareth. "Red sea mine tailings must go deep." Marine Pollution Bulletin 16, no. 9 (September 1985): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(85)90079-7.

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7

Kumudham, R., V. Rajendran, and . "Classification performance assessment in side scan sonar image while underwater target object recognition using random forest classifier and support vector machine." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.21 (April 20, 2018): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.21.12448.

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Ocean mine have been a major threat to the safety of vessels and human lives for many years. Identification of mine-like objects is a pressing need for military, and other ocean meets. In mine, countermeasures operations, sonar equipment are utilised to detect and classify mine- like objects if their sonar signatures are similar to known signatures of mines. The classification of underwater mines is an important task, for the safety of ports, harbors and the open sea. Mine detection is needed in military applications because it has been a threat to many lives and vessels. Although the task of finding mine like objects has received recent attention, very little has been published on the problem of discriminating mine-like (target) objects (MLO) and non-mine like (target) objects of similar size and shape. This paper deals with the recognition of mine like and non mine like objects. The recognition is done through robust Random Forest technique.

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8

Willcocks, M. W. "Precise Positioning Systems for Mine Countermeasures." Journal of Navigation 42, no. 3 (September 1989): 388–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300014697.

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Accurate navigation, better described as precise positioning, is essential to efficient mine countermeasure operations. This paper will describe the basic principles of mine hunting, mine sweeping, mine classification, mine disposal and mine avoidance. The paper will describe the methods employed for precise positioning in the past, at present, and a method for the future. The sea mine has the capability of being a very cost-effective weapon, which can be deployed in peacetime for future remote-controlled activation. Events in the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf in recent years have demonstrated that fact.

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9

张, 丽雯. "Summary of Application Status of 3S Technology in Coal Mine Geological Hazards." Software Engineering and Applications 10, no. 04 (2021): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/sea.2021.104059.

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10

Voosen, Paul. "Scheme to mine the abyss gets sea trial." Science 363, no. 6432 (March 14, 2019): 1129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.363.6432.1129.

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11

曲, 金城. "Construction of Safety Integrity Management System of Coal Mine and Development of Application System." Software Engineering and Applications 06, no. 06 (2017): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/sea.2017.66017.

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12

Kobzar, A., and V. Shcherbakan. "MODERN METHODS FOR REDUCING AND OVERCOMING MIN DANGER FOR SHIPS (VESSELS) AND BOATS UKRAINIAN NAVY IN THE BLACK AND AZOV SEAS." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 2, no. 12 (December 27, 2019): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.2.137-146.

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This paper considers the problem that exists in the marine space of the Black and Azov Seas and related to the mine danger for warships of Ukraine in certain naval zones of responsibility of the Ukrainian Navy. The authors focused on the fact that the mine danger, which constitutes a real threat to the national security of Ukraine from the sea, not only does not decrease, but also increasesand becomes extremely dangerous.Particular attention was focused on circumstanceswhich might not be known, and were not taken into account when working out decisions on mine defense and mine protectionof the Ukrainian Navy.First of all, this is the existing mine danger in the Black and Azov Seas off the coast of Ukraine, which remained of past wars and post-war active naval activities,as well as from a sea mine threat, which was formed as a result of aggressive actions by the Russian Federation, which threatens Ukraine from the sea. That is, the authors paid special attention to circumstances that might be unknown and were not taken into account earlier when working out decisions on anti-mine defense and anti-mine support for the Ukrainian Navy. This is, first of all, the existing mine danger of the Black and Azov Seas off the coast of Ukraine, which has remained from the past World War II, as well as post-war active naval activities. And secondly, it is preparation and counteraction to possible aggressive manifestations and a mine threat from the side of the country, which constantly threatens Ukraine from the sea. To this end, іn the paper gave specific recommendations on ways to reduce the mine risk for warships of Ukraine and indicated, that in the near future, in Ukrainian Navy it is necessary to activate all existing and well-known components of the mine support system. Ukraine must guaranteedly solve any problems or possible resistance of interested parties in creating the necessary number of mine and mine ships (boats) as part of the Ukrainian Navy.

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13

Asmund, G. "Environmental studies in connection with mining activity in Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 128 (December 31, 1986): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v128.7921.

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The Geological Survey of Greenland monitors the environment around mining sites in Greenland. At the lead-zinc mine Black Angel at Marmorilik, tailings are disposed directly into the sea and this resuIts in considerable dissolution of zinc, cadmium and especially lead. At Ivigtut, where cryolite was formerly mined, dispersion of lead into the marine environment has been observed, and at the depleted lead-zinc mine at Mestersvig severe metal dispersion from a land-based tailing deposit has been demonstrated.

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14

Allen, J. A. "Introduction: deep-sea benthic investigations." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 88 (1986): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000004516.

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For the last twenty-five years the pace of international deep-sea benthic investigations has been gaining momentum, first as a genuine basic scientific exploration of the largest unknown area of the Earth's surface and later as a place man might exploit for the disposal of high energy radioactive wastes and to mine for manganese.

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15

Groen, J., E. Coiras, J. Del Rio Vera, and B. Evans. "Model-based sea mine classification with synthetic aperture sonar." IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation 4, no. 1 (2010): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rsn.2009.0071.

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16

Medunić, Gordana, Damir Bucković, Andreja Prevendar Crnić, Tomislav Bituh, Višnja Gaurina Srček, Kristina Radošević, Mladen Bajramović, and Željka Zgorelec. "SULFUR, METAL(LOID)S, RADIOACTIVITY, AND CYTOTOXICITY IN ABANDONED KARSTIC RAŠA COAL-MINE DISCHARGES (THE NORTH ADRIATIC SEA)." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 35, no. 3 (2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2020.3.1.

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17

Do, Tuoc Ngoc, Giao Si Ho, Xuan Manh Tran, Thanh Van Doan, and Nam Duy Bui. "Mining technology for exploiting deep open-pit mines in Vietnam." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, no. 5 (October 10, 2020): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.ktlt2020.04.

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Vietnam's open-pit mines have been exploited deeper and deeper. At the end of exploitation, the bottom of the mine is 300÷400 m lower than the sea level. Mining in the deep layers will face a series of difficulties such as seasonal exploitation, high pit bank, large amount of water mud, limited field size, increasing intensity of exploitation on each layer and the whole shore, conditions. The microclimate changes in an unfavorable direction at the bottom of the mine, etc. On the basis of the analysis of the characteristics of the deep layers, experience in exploiting at home and abroad, the article proposes a number of mining technology solutions. Appropriate exploitation at deep open mines such as: Exploiting convex banks, using transport equipment operating on high slope, water mud treatment technology and deep digging seasonally for safe exploitation to ensure mine output, efficiency and maximum resource recovery.

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18

Thorpe, A. G. Y. "Mine warfare at sea—some legal aspects of the future." Ocean Development & International Law 18, no. 2 (January 1987): 255–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908328709545822.

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19

Rennie, Sarah E., Alan Brandt, and Nathaniel Plant. "A Probabilistic Expert System Approach for Sea Mine Burial Prediction." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 32, no. 1 (January 2007): 260–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/joe.2007.890983.

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20

Proctor, Barry, and Marianne Nutting. "Mine Countermeasure Support Platform Conversion Ship Design." Marine Technology and SNAME News 31, no. 03 (July 1, 1994): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1994.31.3.201.

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U.S. Navy experience gained from the mine countermeasures (MCM) operations against the mines planted by Iraq during Operation Desert Storm highlighted the need for a centralized platform for support of MCM operations. This centralized Mine Countermeasures Support (MCS) platform would meet two critical needs: it would enable the employment of integrated MCM forces and it would allow the MCM Group Commander to be deployed with those MCM forces. Full integration of all MCM forces by the MCM Commander is the key to effective MCM operations. The MCM forces comprised Airborne Mine Countermeasures (AMCM), Surface Mine Countermeasures (SMCM) and Explosive Ordnance Disposal Mine Countermeasures (EODMCM). The strengths of each must be captured and coordinated by the MCM Commander. AMCM assets are capable of rapidly deploying to conduct reconnaissance, precursor and clearance MCM operations. SMCM assets are more capable of sustained large area mine clearance and possess an organic ability to neutralize located mines. EODMCM assets are specialized EOD detachments that are also capable of rapidly deploying to support AMCM and SMCM minehunting and mechanical sweeping operations by identifying, neutralizing or countercharging, recovering, exploiting and disposing of sea mines. USS Inchon (LPH-12) has been selected by the U.S. Navy as the most cost-effective platform to provide a near-term solution which will meet the requirements discussed above. After a brief discussion of MCM operations, other candidate MCS platforms studied, and the far-term (new construction) MCS(X), the remainder of the paper will focus on the conversion of the LPH-12 to operate as the centralized platform for MCM operations

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21

Greassidis, S., V. Trinh Quoc, K. Brömme, and H. Stolpe. "Waterminer – a regional spatio-temporal approach to water reuse management in mining areas in Vietnam." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.045.

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Abstract Mining is usually associated with draining of large quantities of water. On the other hand, mining operations themselves are water users for purposes like coal or ore washing, dust mitigation, recultivation, etc. The normally existing water surplus can be seen as a resource for public purposes instead of discharging the water to rivers and the sea. It is typical for the mining operation that these water amounts vary spatio-temporally according to the mining process. The R&D project WaterMiner investigates the example of the Hon Gai hard coal mining area in Ha Long, Vietnam, as to how and to what extent under the variable spatio-temporal conditions the mine water can cover the water demand in the mines themselves and contribute to the public water supply in the surrounding settlement area of Hon Gai. The spatio-temporal change of mine water drainage, mine water treatment and mine-internal water use and the potential mine-external water use volumes in the project region are investigated by a material flow model and visualized by Sankey diagrams, maps, and tables. Several options for delivery of mine water for mine-external water uses as a contribution to the public water supply are shown.

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22

Adamson, Donald. "A Coal Mine in the Sea: Culross and the Moat Pit." Scottish Archaeological Journal 30, no. 1-2 (October 2008): 161–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1471576709000400.

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The article reconsiders the archaeology of the sixteenth-century Moat Pit mining complex at Culross and offers new interpretations of that archaeology. It places the coal mine in a wider context, suggesting a pivotal role in the development of the burgh. The study emphasises the innovative nature of Sir George Bruce's coal mining. The archaeologies of salt and iron working in Culross are considered along with their symbiotic relationships with coal. These industries gave impetus to the development of commerce in Culross, with its much altered, and now sadly neglected, pier at its heart. A comparison between the houses of George Bruce and his brother Edward highlights changing attitudes in Scottish society after the Union of the Crowns in 1603. The Moat Pit is also used as a case study to consider issues arising between industrial and urban archaeology in Scotland. It explores the impact of this debate upon the site's current unprotected and arguably undervalued status.

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23

Dobeck, Gerald J., and J. Tory Cobb. "Advances in algorithm fusion for automated sea mine detection and classification." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 5 (November 2002): 2307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4779290.

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24

Pujari, Paras R., and Abhay K. Soni. "Sea water intrusion studies near Kovaya limestone mine, Saurashtra coast, India." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 154, no. 1-4 (July 17, 2008): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0380-9.

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25

Deng, Xuhui, Liuyang Meng, and Liang Ding. "Dynamic Behavior Analysis of Hose Operation in Deep-Sea Lift Mine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 719, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 042078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/719/4/042078.

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26

Ding, Zhi, Xiaohan Liao, Fenzhen Su, and Dongjie Fu. "Mining Coastal Land Use Sequential Pattern and Its Land Use Associations Based on Association Rule Mining." Remote Sensing 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2017): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs9020116.

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Abstract: Research on the land use of the coastal zone in the sea–land direction will not only reveal its land use distribution, but may also indicate the interactions between inland land use and the ocean through associations between inland land use and seaward land use indirectly. However, in the existing research, few have paid attention to the land use in sea–land direction, let alone the sequential relationship between land-use types. The sequential relationship would be useful in land use planning and rehabilitation of the landscape in the sea–land direction, and the association between land-use types, particularly the inland land use and seaward land use, is not discussed. Therefore, This study presents a model named ARCLUSSM (Association Rules-based Coastal Land use Spatial Sequence Model) to mine the sequential pattern of land use with interesting associations in the sea–land direction of the coastal zone. As a case study, the typical coastal zone of Bohai Bay and the Yellow River delta in China was used. The results are as follows: firstly, 27 interesting association patterns of land use in the sea–land direction of the coastal zone were mined easily. Both sequential relationship and distance between land-use types for 27 patterns among six land-use types were mined definitely, and the sequence of the six land-use types tended to be tidal flat > shrimp pond > reservoir/artificial pond > settlement > river > dry land in sea–land direction. These patterns would offer specific support for land-use planning and rehabilitation of the coastal zone. There were 19 association patterns between seaward and landward land-use types. These patterns showed strong associations between seaward and landward land-use types. It indicated that the landward land use might have some impacts on the seaward land use, or in the other direction, which may help to reveal the interactions between inland land use and the ocean. Thus, the ARCLUSSM was an efficient tool to mine the sequential relationship and distance between land-use types with interesting association rules in the sea–land direction, which would offer practicable advice to appropriate coastal zone management and planning, and might reveal the interactions between inland land use and the ocean.

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27

Quataert, Donald, and Yüksel Duman. "A Coal Miner's Life during the Late Ottoman Empire." International Labor and Working-Class History 60 (October 2001): 153–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547901004501.

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This is a translation of a truly extraordinary and rare historical document—a transcribed narrative of a coal miner who began to work in the coal fields of the Anatolian Black Sea coast during the late 19th century. To date, no comparable tale of an Ottoman worker's life has come to light. This annotated document offers a rich and vivid look into the life of underground miners of the late Ottoman Empire. It vibrantly illustrates the connections between village and mine, the power of village headmen, and the nature of labor recruitment. And, it details work inside the mines. The account should be of considerable value to labor historians in every field not only for its descriptions but for the comparative perspective which it facilitates.

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28

Olds, Bob, and Chris Harris. "Navy Marine Mammal Systems in Support of Munitions Clearance." Marine Technology Society Journal 45, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.6.3.

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AbstractSince the early 1970s, the U.S. Navy has utilized bottlenose dolphins to detect, locate, and neutralize moored, bottom, and buried sea mines. The dolphins’ highly evolved biological sonar is superb at finding mines in cluttered and highly challenging marine environments. Recently, the Navy applied the dolphins’ mine-hunting capabilities to the mission of demining in the waters off the coast of New Caledonia. In November 2009, a team of dolphins, along with their handlers, were deployed to New Caledonia and worked alongside other mine-hunting assets to clear mines that were planted during World War II. The dolphins’ extremely low false-positive rate made them ideally suited to sort through the large number of contacts generated by other assets and to mark the location of the actual mines. Through this highly successful and unique operation, numerous mines were cleared and disposed of. Currently, there are plans to participate in similar types of demining exercises in the Bay of Kotor in Montenegro as well as in the Baltic region.

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29

Masukume, Mike, Maurice S. Onyango, and Jannie P. Maree. "Sea shell derived adsorbent and its potential for treating acid mine drainage." International Journal of Mineral Processing 133 (December 2014): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2014.09.005.

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30

Leonard, I., A. Alfalou, and C. Brosseau. "Sensitive test for sea mine identification based on polarization-aided image processing." Optics Express 21, no. 24 (November 19, 2013): 29283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.029283.

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31

Hussain, G., A. Hameed, J. G. Hetherington, A. Q. Malik, and K. Sanaullah. "The Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) as a Standoff Sea Mine Neutralization Device." Journal of Energetic Materials 31, no. 2 (August 16, 2012): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07370652.2011.587862.

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32

Younger, Paul L. "Towards Regulatory Criteria for Discharging Iron-rich Mine Water into the Sea." Mine Water and the Environment 27, no. 1 (January 4, 2008): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-007-0027-z.

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33

Ma, Fengshan, Hongyu Gu, Jie Guo, and Rong Lu. "Analysis of ground deformation based on GPS in Sanshandao gold mine, China." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 55, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v55i1.22783.

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Sanshandao Gold Mine is the first and largest mine operating below sea level in China. Mining has been practiced in this region for at least 25 years. In recent years, buildings above the mining area have been extensively damaged. GPS (with 315 monitoring points) was used to monitor the ground deformation since 2009. Ground deformation induced by mining is much more complex in metal mine than that in coal mines due to the well-developed joints, high tectonic stress and several intersecting faults. All of the factors are analyzed in this study. The results show that discontinuous deformation has occurred on the surface because of the sliding to F3 (name of fault), and there are two motion patterns of F3 during the mining process. Additionally, joints in rock masses with steep dip angles contribute to the vertical displacement and joints with shallow dip angles contribute to the horizontal displacement. Meanwhile, high tectonic stress dramatically enlarges the scale of ground deformation, especially with respect to the horizontal displacement. This deformation results in a striped formation of compressed and stretched regions. Additionally, high-risk and potential risk areas are identified in this study. Finally, the successive data measured since 2009 can contribute to a deeper understanding of ground deformation in metal mine.

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34

Chalmers, Peggy. "Lobster Special." Mechanical Engineering 122, no. 09 (September 1, 2000): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-sep-5.

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This article reviews that Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s (DARPA) biomimetic programs is a robotic lobster that is under development at Northeastern University in Boston. This crustacean look-alike may someday ply river and sea bottoms, at depths to 40 feet, seeking underwater mines and other military prey. The robotic lobster will have to operate for hours, accommodate irregular rivers and sea beds, maneuver at various depths, adapt to rough and tumble surf, handle changing currents, distinguish between rocks and mines, and send out a sonar alert when it detects a mine. The sensors, which are the width of a human hair, are fabricated using an internally developed process called NUMEM (for Northeastern University Metal Micromachining), which builds up the devices through a sequence of metal deposition, patterning and selective etching, and plating on a silicon substrate. Signals from both the antenna and the hair sensors are processed in the lobster’s microprocessor brain and used to control the bionic leg muscles.

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35

Li, Yujie, Huimin Lu, Lifeng Zhang, Jianru Li, and Seiichi Serikawa. "Real-Time Visualization System for Deep-Sea Surveying." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/437071.

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Remote robotic exploration holds vast potential for gaining knowledge about extreme environments, which is difficult to be accessed by humans. In the last two decades, various underwater devices were developed for detecting the mines and mine-like objects in the deep-sea environment. However, there are some problems in recent equipment, like poor accuracy of mineral objects detection, without real-time processing, and low resolution of underwater video frames. Consequently, the underwater objects recognition is a difficult task, because the physical properties of the medium, the captured video frames, are distorted seriously. In this paper, we are considering use of the modern image processing methods to determine the mineral location and to recognize the mineral actually within a little computation complex. We firstly analyze the recent underwater imaging models and propose a novel underwater optical imaging model, which is much closer to the light propagation model in the underwater environment. In our imaging system, we remove the electrical noise by dual-tree complex wavelet transform. And then we solve the nonuniform illumination of artificial lights by fast guided trilateral bilateral filter and recover the image color through automatic color equalization. Finally, a shape-based mineral recognition algorithm is proposed for underwater objects detection. These methods are designed for real-time execution on limited-memory platforms. This pipeline is suitable for detecting underwater objects in practice by our experiences. The initial results are presented and experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed real-time visualization system.

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36

Ziko, Laila, Mustafa Adel, Mohamed N. Malash, and Rania Siam. "Insights into Red Sea Brine Pool Specialized Metabolism Gene Clusters Encoding Potential Metabolites for Biotechnological Applications and Extremophile Survival." Marine Drugs 17, no. 5 (May 8, 2019): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17050273.

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The recent rise in antibiotic and chemotherapeutic resistance necessitates the search for novel drugs. Potential therapeutics can be produced by specialized metabolism gene clusters (SMGCs). We mined for SMGCs in metagenomic samples from Atlantis II Deep, Discovery Deep and Kebrit Deep Red Sea brine pools. Shotgun sequence assembly and secondary metabolite analysis shell (antiSMASH) screening unraveled 2751 Red Sea brine SMGCs, pertaining to 28 classes. Predicted categorization of the SMGC products included those (1) commonly abundant in microbes (saccharides, fatty acids, aryl polyenes, acyl-homoserine lactones), (2) with antibacterial and/or anticancer effects (terpenes, ribosomal peptides, non-ribosomal peptides, polyketides, phosphonates) and (3) with miscellaneous roles conferring adaptation to the environment/special structure/unknown function (polyunsaturated fatty acids, ectoine, ladderane, others). Saccharide (80.49%) and putative (7.46%) SMGCs were the most abundant. Selected Red Sea brine pool sites had distinct SMGC profiles, e.g., for bacteriocins and ectoine. Top promising candidates, SMs with pharmaceutical applications, were addressed. Prolific SM-producing phyla (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria), were ubiquitously detected. Sites harboring the largest numbers of bacterial and archaeal phyla, had the most SMGCs. Our results suggest that the Red Sea brine niche constitutes a rich biological mine, with the predicted SMs aiding extremophile survival and adaptation.

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37

Cała, Marek, Antoni Tajduś, Wacław Andrusikiewicz, Michał Kowalski, Malwina Kolano, Agnieszka Stopkowicz, Katarzyna Cyran, and Joanna Jakóbczyk. "Long Term Analysis of Deformations in Salt Mines: Kłodawa Salt Mine Case Study, Central Poland." Archives of Mining Sciences 62, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amsc-2017-0041.

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AbstractLocated in central Poland, the Kłodawa salt dome is 26 km long and about 2 km wide. Exploitation of the dome started in 1956, currently rock salt extraction is carried out in 7 mining fields and the 12 mining levels at the depth from 322 to 625 meters below sea level (m.b.s.l.). It is planned to maintain the mining activity till 2052 and extend rock salt extraction to deeper levels. The dome is characterised by complex geological structure resulted from halokinetic and tectonic processes.Projection of the 3D numerical analysis took into account the following factors: mine working distribution within the Kłodawa mine (about 1000 rooms, 350 km of galleries), complex geological structure of the salt dome, complicated structure and geometry of mine workings and distinction in rocks mechanical properties e.g. rock salt and anhydrite. Analysis of past mine workings deformation and prediction of future rock mass behaviour was divided into four stages: building of the 3D model (state of mine workings in year 2014), model extension of the future mine workings planned for extraction in years 2015-2052, the 3D model calibration and stability analysis of all mine workings.The 3D numerical model of Kłodawa salt mine included extracted and planned mine workings in 7 mining fields and 14 mining levels (about 2000 mine workings). The dimensions of the model were 4200 m × 4700 m × 1200 m what was simulated by 33 million elements. The 3D model was calibrated on the grounds of convergence measurements and laboratory tests. Stability assessment of mine workings was based on analysis of the strength/stress ratio and vertical stress. The strength/stress ratio analysis enabled to indicate endangered area in mine workings and can be defined as the factor of safety. Mine workings in state close to collapse are indicated by the strength/stress ratio equals 1. Analysis of the vertical stress in mine workings produced the estimation of current state of stress in comparison to initial (pre-mining) conditions.The long-term deformation analysis of the Kłodawa salt mine for year 2014 revealed that stability conditions were fulfilled. Local disturbances indicated in the numerical analysis were connected with high chambers included in the mining field no 1 and complex geological structure in the vicinity of mine workings located in the mining fields no 2 and 3. Moreover, numerical simulations that projected the future extraction progress (till year 2052) showed positive performance. Local weakness zones in the mining field no 7 are associated with occurrence of carnallite layers and intensive mining which are planned in the mining field no 6 at the end of rock salt extraction.

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Cabahug, A. N., E. D. Clemente, R. S. Lariba, and G. M. Seblos. "Surveying the Effects of the Deep-Sea Tailings Disposal of Mine Wastes in Toledo City, Cebu, Philippines Three Decades After Mine Closure." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 690, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/690/1/012042.

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Gambi, Cristina, Miquel Canals, Cinzia Corinaldesi, Antonio Dell'Anno, Elisabetta Manea, Antonio Pusceddu, Anna Sanchez-Vidal, and Roberto Danovaro. "Impact of historical sulfide mine tailings discharge on meiofaunal assemblages (Portmán Bay, Mediterranean Sea)." Science of The Total Environment 736 (September 2020): 139641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139641.

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Armelloni, Enrico Nicola, Anna Nora Tassetti, Carmen Ferrà, Alessandro Galdelli, Martina Scanu, Adriano Mancini, Gianna Fabi, and Giuseppe Scarcella. "AIS data, a mine of information on trawling fleet mobility in the Mediterranean Sea." Marine Policy 129 (July 2021): 104571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104571.

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Pakhomova, Svetlana, Evgeniy Yakushev, and Morten Schaanning. "Modeling Nickel Leaching from Abandoned Mine Tailing Deposits in Jøssingfjorden." Water 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13070967.

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Underwater disposal of mine tailings in lakes and seas has been considered favorable due to the geochemical stability obtained during long-term storage in anoxic sediments. Sulfides are stable in the ore; however, oxidation and transformation of some substances into more soluble forms may impact bioavailability processes and enhance the risk of toxic effects in the aquatic environment. The goal of this work was to construct a model for simulating the nickel (Ni) cycle in the water column and upper sediments and apply it to the mine tailing sea deposit in the Jøssingfjord, SouthWest Norway. A one-dimensional (1D) benthic–pelagic coupled biogeochemical model, BROM, supplemented with a Ni module specifically developed for the study was used. The model was optimized using field data collected from the fjord. The model predicted that the current high Ni concentrations in the sediment can be a potential source of Ni leaching to the water column until about 2040. The top 10 cm of sediments were classified as being of “poor” environmental state according to the Norwegian Quality Standards. A numerical experiment predicted that with complete cessation of the discharges there would be an improvement in the environmental state of sediment to “good” in about 20 years. On the other hand, doubling of discharge would lead to an increase in the Ni content in the sediment, approaching the boundary of the “very poor” environmental state. The model results demonstrated that Ni leaching from the sea deposits may be increased due to sediment reworking by bioturbation at the sediment–water interface. The model can be an instrument for analysis of different scenarios for mine tailing activities from point of view of reduction of environmental impact as a component of the best available technology.

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Wu, Jun Kang, Hou Ying Xu, Wan Dong, Yu Ning Xie, and Xiao Yu Zhou. "Research and Application of KCL Drilling Fluid Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 1521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1521.

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In ord to solve the hole collapse problem of mud shale in LiaoHe Oilfield,further research and improment of KCl drilling fluid was conducted.and promotion in mine house, two South Beach Sea and other regions, to prove that the strong anti-sloughing drilling fluid system capacity, accident low, Liaohe Oilfield meet the needs of sloughing shale.

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Bolibok, Leszek, Monika Kubiak, and Sebastian Michalski. "Assessment of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) long distance dispersal on the internal waste heap of the Bełchatów lignite mine." Forest Research Papers 79, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2018-0001.

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Abstract Long distance dispersal is a key process occurring in plant communities and is particularly important for pioneer species like sea-buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) which survival strongly depends on colonizing newly created post-disturbance habitats. Sea-buckthorn, a cluster-forming shrub, is commonly used in Poland in the reclamation of soil-less areas devastated the by mining industry and for these areas a generative expansion of planted populations is usually observed. The main objective of this study was to assess the long-distance dispersal of this species in areas previously disturbed by industrial activity. Our observations were made on a 223.75 ha large section of the internal waste heap of the Bełchatów lignite mine, Central Poland. The area was colonized by sea-buckthorn specimens originating from a population planted on the nearby external waste heap. During the search for newly established sea-buckthorn clusters, their position and size were recorded and the preferences for specific site conditions were assessed using the Ivlev’s electivity index. New specimen were observed at distances between 600 m and 3600 m from their potential seed source. The mean cluster density was 1.37 ha−1. The observed pattern of long distance dispersal is linked with to behavior of frugivorous birds. The largest cluster densities were observed along ditches (9.83 ha−1) and on open areas with less developed plant cover, while the lowest cluster density occurred in afforested areas (0.51 ha−1). Poor sandy substrate reduced the probability of plant establishment compared to richer loamy sands. There appeared to be no influence of slope aspect on the probability of sea-buckthorn establishment.

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Gu, Hongyu, Huayong Ni, Fengshan Ma, Gang Liu, Xin Hui, and Jiayuan Cao. "Using mixing model to interpret the water sources and ratios in an under-sea mine." Natural Hazards 104, no. 2 (August 29, 2020): 1705–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04242-y.

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Hartanto, Endin Tri, Edy Widodo, Ayip Rivai Prabowo, and Sulaiman Sulaiman. "DESIGN OF PRESSURE MEASUREMENT IN THE EXERCISE SMART MINE USING A PRESSURE SENSOR." JOURNAL ASRO 11, no. 2 (April 21, 2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/asro.v11i2.279.

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The Sea Mines are explosive devices placed in the waters to destroy ships or submarines. The sea mines were placed in the water depths and waited until it was triggered to be blown up by an approaching enemy vessel. The waves in the leave can be measured using the air pressure sensor placed below the water surface, the change in the sensor up and down will result in changes in air pressure. Changes in the resulting pressure of the vessel will result in water waves, resulting from changes in the water wave height will result in a change in water pressure gauge sensors in the air. The MPX5700 air pressure Sensor, as a source of pressure measurement with analog voltage output is comparable to the large value of air pressure. Design the air pressure measuring instrument system using the Arduino microcontroller as the unit of the voltage conversion process to the pressure variable in the KPA. On testing authors use applications that are created using Visual Studio 2012 to plotting the pressure graphs and large voltage output sensors. Results obtained using the MPX5700 sensor with an analog output can result in a linear pressure output with a large voltage output, from the test result obtained the conversion value 0.2 V as the value of 0 Kpa and the value of 4.7 V asthe maximum value pressure measurement of 700 Kpa. Keywords: mines, MPX5700, Arduino microcontrollers

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Kumudham, R., and V. Rajendran. "Side scan sonar image data mapping with geographic reference system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.21 (April 20, 2018): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.21.12454.

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Many researchers have been done in classifying the surface of the sea floor. Only few concentrated in classifying the sediment layers of the sea floor and the target objects buried. Side Scan Sonar is one such tool, which is used in collecting the images of the seafloor. Sonar equipment transmits a low frequency signal, towards the surface of the seabed for target recognition. It is necessary to locate the area and positioning where the target is located whether it is a ship wreckage or plane crash, mine recognition etc. This paper is proposed to determine the location and position in user friendly matlab software environment, where the sonar image data is collected and is mapped with Global Reference System.

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Xu, Jing, Yuzhuang Sun, and W. Kalkreuth. "Characteristics of Trace Elements of the No. 6 Coal in the Guanbanwusu Mine, Junger Coalfield, Inner Mongolia." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 29, no. 6 (December 2011): 827–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0144-5987.29.6.827.

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Forty-four samples of the No. 6 Coal were taken from the Guanbanwusu Mine, Junger Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, in 2009 in order to study trace elements. Twenty-two trace elements of the samples were analysed by ICP-MASS method. The results show that Li, Se and Ag are significantly enriched in the No. 6 coal. Most trace elements are enriched near the roof and floor. The content ratios of Sr and Ba, V and Ni, V and Zn might indicate that the peat swamp of this area during this period is influenced by sea water or in a sea-land transition environment. The enrichment of Li, Se, Ag shows that it formed in a relatively oxidated environment, and ancient water salinity is slightly high. In harmful elements, only Se is significantly enriched. The contents of the other harmful element are low, and do not pose many hazards to the environment. They can be partially removed by physical coal washing.

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Medunić, Gordana, Nina Bilandžić, Marija Sedak, Željka Fiket, Andreja Prevendar Crnić, and Vanja Geng. "ELEVATED SELENIUM LEVELS IN VEGETABLES, FRUITS, AND WILD PLANTS AFF ECTED BY THE RAŠA COAL MINE WATER CHEMISTRY." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 36, no. 1 (2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2021.1.1.

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Selenium (Se), an essential trace element that is toxic when humans and animals are exposed to it in excess, is ubiquitous in coal. For centuries, superhigh-organic-sulfur (SHOS) Raša coal, enriched in S, Se, U, V, and Mo, was mined and processed across the Mediterranean Raša Bay area, located in the Istrian peninsula (in the northern Adriatic Sea, Croatia). There is concern that Raša coal mine water is contaminating local water, soil, and crops. The aim of this monitoring study was to determine the levels of Se and selected potentially toxic trace (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mo, Pb, U, V, and Zn), and minor (Fe and Mn) elements in Raša coal mine water, surface water, and associated vegetables, one fruit, and wild plants. Levels of Se in coal mine water were increased (up to 12 μg/L) compared to the maximum allowed water Se (10 μg/L). Compared to an EU average soil Se (1.15 mg/kg), Raša garden soil showed a 5-fold increase in Se. Compared to Croatian and Greek vegetable Se levels (low to normal), Raša vegetables showed a 20-fold, and a 50-fold increase in Se, respectively. Although approximative only, estimates of daily intake (EDI) of Se for mixed Raša vegetables (n = 21) showed a high level (0.055 mg/day). Namely, recommended dietary allowances (RDA) of Se for females and males are 0.055 mg/day, and 0.070 mg/ day, respectively. The EDI values of the analyzed vegetables contributed to average RDA levels as follows: garlic (183%), turnip (154%), parsley (147%), onion and gourd (76%), lettuce (74%), kale (62%), radicchio (51%), and potato (20%). Although the calculated EDI for the analyzed Raša vegetables was 1/8 the toxic dose (>0.4 mg/day), these results call for further research on the dietary and nutritional status of the residents in terms of Se.

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Ren, Hujun, Wanghua Sui, Xiangdong Meng, and Rui Guo. "Hydrogeological Investigation for the Assessment of Spring Pollution Due to Abandoned Mines in a Karst Area." Water 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 2399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172399.

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This paper presents a hydrogeological investigation case study for assessing the sources and pathways of spring pollution in a karst area in Guizhou Province, Southern China. Our methods included hydrogeological surveys, geophysical surveys, cave detection, tracer tests, and borehole drilling. The results showed that the pollution of the Longdong Spring is controlled by the amount of rainfall, which also determines the duration of pollution. The concentration of Fe and Mn ions in the spring was found to exceed that in the code for drinking water quality (China) by more than 300 times. The investigations showed that the source of the pollution is the mine water drainage from the abandoned Feilong coal mine, which is located to the northwest of the Longdong Spring. The drainage to the spring was found to occur 24 h after the groundwater level in the goaf reached approximately +908 m above sea level. This indicates a recharge pathway between the abandoned mine and the Longdong Spring. Recommendations for grouting around the spring and sinkhole for pollution control are put forth.

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Ozturk, Munir, Volkan Altay, Mahir Kucuk, and Ibrahim Ertuğrul Yalçın. "Trace Elements in the Soil-Plant Systems of Copper Mine Areas-A Case Study From Murgul Copper Mine From the Black Sea Region of Turkey." Phyton 88, no. 3 (2019): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2019.07446.

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