Journal articles: 'SEA Statistical energy analysis'

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Lu, L. "Statistical Energy Analysis for Electronic Equipment." Journal of Electronic Packaging 113, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905413.

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Vibration response of electronic equipment analyzed by a simple mathematical model or a finite element model can only provide a limited system response calculation. Application of the Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) was extended to the calculation of the vibrations of individual components. In order to demonstrate the applicability of SEA to instrumentation vibration analysis at high frequency ranges, an 8-component electronic box was chosen for test and analysis. There was good agreement between tested and analytical results in the frequency averaged sense.

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Lafont, T., N. Totaro, and A. Le Bot. "Coupling strength assumption in statistical energy analysis." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 473, no. 2200 (April 2017): 20160927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0927.

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This paper is a discussion of the hypothesis of weak coupling in statistical energy analysis (SEA). The examples of coupled oscillators and statistical ensembles of coupled plates excited by broadband random forces are discussed. In each case, a reference calculation is compared with the SEA calculation. First, it is shown that the main SEA relation, the coupling power proportionality, is always valid for two oscillators irrespective of the coupling strength. But the case of three subsystems, consisting of oscillators or ensembles of plates, indicates that the coupling power proportionality fails when the coupling is strong. Strong coupling leads to non-zero indirect coupling loss factors and, sometimes, even to a reversal of the energy flow direction from low to high vibrational temperature.

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Maidanik, G. "Some aspects of the statistical energy analysis—SEA." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 79, S1 (May 1986): S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2023070.

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Maidanik, G., and K. J. Becker. "Are the energy analysis (EA) and the statistical energy analysis (SEA) compatible?" Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 114, no. 4 (October 2003): 2419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4778682.

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Dowell, E. H., and Y. Kubota. "Asymptotic Modal Analysis and Statistical Energy Analysis of Dynamical Systems." Journal of Applied Mechanics 52, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 949–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3169174.

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A new derivation of the results commonly referred to as Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) is given by studying the asymptotic behavior of classical modal analysis for a general, linear (structural) system. It is shown that, asymptotically, the response at (almost) all points of the system is the same. A numerical example is used to illustrate the way in which the asymptotic limit is approached. Both random and sinusoidal loadings are considered; for the latter an extension of the usual SEA result is obtained.

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Lee, J. J., and A. E. Ni. "Structure-Borne Tire Noise Statistical Energy Analysis Model." Tire Science and Technology 25, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2137539.

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Abstract The application of the Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) technique on vehicle high frequency noise has gained popularity. It is desirable to model the tire to provide the capability of vehicle system NVH prediction. An SEA model for the structure-borne noise has been developed. The point mobility shows good agreement with measurement. The modeling methodology on tread bands, sidewalls, and their coupling are discussed. The modeling requirements and prospects are also included.

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Spelman, G. M., and R. S. Langley. "Statistical energy analysis of nonlinear vibrating systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2051 (September 28, 2015): 20140403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0403.

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Nonlinearities in practical systems can arise in contacts between components, possibly from friction or impacts. However, it is also known that quadratic and cubic nonlinearity can occur in the stiffness of structural elements undergoing large amplitude vibration, without the need for local contacts. Nonlinearity due purely to large amplitude vibration can then result in significant energy being found in frequency bands other than those being driven by external forces. To analyse this phenomenon, a method is developed here in which the response of the structure in the frequency domain is divided into frequency bands, and the energy flow between the frequency bands is calculated. The frequency bands are assigned an energy variable to describe the mean response and the nonlinear coupling between bands is described in terms of weighted summations of the convolutions of linear modal transfer functions. This represents a nonlinear extension to an established linear theory known as statistical energy analysis (SEA). The nonlinear extension to SEA theory is presented for the case of a plate structure with quadratic and cubic nonlinearity.

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Lu, Leo K. H. "Optimum Damping Selection by Statistical Energy Analysis." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 112, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930090.

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It is widely accepted that for mitigating the vibration developed in structures, damping should be applied to the components with the largest response and be added at locations in the components’ energy transmission paths. However, it is difficult to determine the optimum damping location for some complicated dynamic systems. In this paper, the SEA concept is used to prove mathematically the reason for damping application and also to provide a convenient procedure for selecting the location of the damping treatment.

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Lafont, T., N. Totaro, and A. Le Bot. "Review of statistical energy analysis hypotheses in vibroacoustics." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 470, no. 2162 (February 8, 2014): 20130515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0515.

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This paper is a discussion of the equivalence between rain-on-the-roof excitation, diffuse field and modal energy equipartition hypotheses when using statistical energy analysis (SEA). A first example of a simply supported plate is taken to quantify whether a field is diffuse or the energy is equally distributed among modes. It is shown that the field can be diffuse in a certain region of the frequency-damping domain with a single point force but without energy equipartition. For a rain-on-the-roof excitation, the energy becomes equally distributed, and the diffuse field is enforced in all regions. A second example of two plates coupled by a light spring is discussed. It is shown that in addition to previous conclusions, the power exchanged between plates agrees with the statistical prediction of SEA if and only if the field is diffuse. The special case of energy equipartition confirms this observation.

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Smither, Matt, and David Herrin. "Statistical energy analysis simulation of an air-handling cabinet." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 266, no. 2 (May 25, 2023): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc_2023_0070.

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Statistical energy analysis (SEA) is a vibro-acoustic modeling technique suitable for systems where high modal densities exist. Traditionally SEA is used for predicting system response in higher frequency bands. However, for systems such as an air-handler that contain large, flat panels constructed of sheet metal the usefulness of SEA stretches into mid and lower frequency bands as well. Measured results of an air-handling cabinet were obtained by spatially averaging accelerations of cabinet surfaces caused by an input of white noise into the cabinet side by a shaker. Energy from each sub-panel of the cabinet was normalized with the panel into which the energy was input for easy comparison with modeled data. A simplified model of the air-handling cabinet processed in VA One software yielded results generally within 10 dB of measured results. Some lower frequency band limitations were realized due to cabinet geometry and construction. These results focus primarily on the structure and less so on the acoustic volume of the air-handling cabinet.

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Radcliffe, C. J., and X. L. Huang. "Putting Statistics into the Statistical Energy Analysis of Automotive Vehicles." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 119, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2889773.

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Sound and vibration transmission modeling methods are important to the design process for high quality automotive vehicles. Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) is an emerging design tool for the automotive industry that was initially developed in the 1960’s to estimate root-mean-square sound and vibration levels in structures and interior spaces. Although developed to estimate statistical mean values, automotive design application of SEA needs the additional ability to predict statistical variances of the predicted mean values of sound and vibration. This analytical ability would allow analysis of vehicle sound and vibration response sensitivity to changes in vehicle design specifications and their statistical distributions. This paper will present an algorithm to extend the design application of the SEA method through prediction of the variances of RMS. responses of vibro-acoustic automobile structures and interior spaces from variances in SEA automotive model physical parameters. The variance analysis is applied to both a simple, complete illustrative example and a more complex automotive vehicle example. Example variance results are verified through comparison with a Monte Carlo test of 2,000 SEA responses whose physical parameters were given Gaussian distributions with means at design values. Analytical predictions of the response statistics agree with the statistics generated by the Monte Carlo method but only require about 1/300 of the computational effort.

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Huang, X. L., and C. J. Radcliffe. "Probability Distribution of Statistical Energy Analysis Model Responses Due to Parameter Randomness." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 120, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2893877.

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The Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) methodology has been widely used in aerospace, ship and automotive industry for high frequency noise analysis and acoustic designs. SEA models are treated here as baseline representations of a population of models for systems such as automotive vehicles. SEA responses from the population of all possible models for a vehicle have a random distribution because of the unavoidable uncertainty in the physical parameters due to fabrication imperfection, manufacturing and assembly variations. The random characteristics of the SEA responses can be described by the response probability distribution. In this work, SEA energy response probability distributions due to parameter randomness in a small neighborhood of nominal design values in frequency bands are proven through the Central Limit Theorem to be Gaussian for infinite number of design parameters. Mean squared sound pressure and velocity are directly proportional to SEA energy responses, their distributions are also shown to be Gaussian. In engineering applications, the number of design parameters is always finite for any SEA models. A Monte Carlo test and Statistical Hypothesis test on a simple 3-element SEA model show that the theoretical, infinite order, Gaussian distributions are good approximations for response distributions of a finite parameter SEA model.

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Steel, J. A. "A study of engine noise transmission using statistical energy analysis." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 212, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407981525902.

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This work uses statistical energy analysis (SEA) to study engine noise transmission through a small passenger motor vehicle and in order to do this the sound and vibration power input is calculated. An aim of this work is to identify the causes of differences between measured and SEA predicted vibration transmission in motor vehicles. To allow this to be studied a relatively simple running condition and vehicle are chosen. Airborne and structural paths for sound and vibration transmission to a vehicle saloon are considered. Also, SEA is used to identify the relative importance of each structural and airborne power input in relation to the sound power that is transmitted to the vehicle saloon. This technique can then make it possible for the power input matrix to be greatly simplified. The most important power input to the small passenger vehicle used in this study is found to be at the floor mounts of the engine subframe. At high frequencies resonant transmission through the firewall (dash) can also be important. The results indicate the difficulty of estimating the power input, which is the main cause of differences between measured and predicted results (even for the restricted running condition considered here). The work also demonstrates that SEA can be very useful for identifying important transmission paths and predicting overall performance.

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Lu, L. K. H., and M. Mitchell. "Gas Turbine Acoustic Enclosure Design by the Statistical Energy Analysis Method." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, no. 3 (July 1, 1995): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2814130.

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Acoustic enclosure design is a complex problem that involves the interaction of multiple components. Yet the present conventional approach uses a two-dimensional closed-form solution to evaluate transmission loss of acoustic wall. In this paper, Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) was first studied for simple cases of radiation efficiency, transmission loss, and flanking path calculations. The effectiveness of the SEA method for complex systems was then demonstrated through a practical design application to gas turbine enclosure. It was found that SEA was a useful tool for gas turbine acoustic enclosure design.

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Mace, B. R., and L. Ji. "The statistical energy analysis of coupled sets of oscillators." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 463, no. 2081 (March 6, 2007): 1359–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.1824.

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The paper concerns the statistical energy analysis (SEA) of two conservatively coupled oscillators, sets of oscillators and continuous subsystems under broadband excitation. The oscillator properties are assumed to be random and ensemble averages found. Account is taken of the correlation between the coupling parameters and the oscillator energies. For coupled sets of oscillators or continuous subsystems, it is assumed that the coupling power between a pair of oscillators is proportional to the difference of either their actual energies or their ‘blocked’ energies, and expressions for the ensemble averages and coupling loss factors (CLFs) are found. Various observations are made, some of which differ from those that are commonly assumed within SEA. The coupling power and CLF are governed by two parameters: the ‘strength of connection’ and the ‘strength of coupling’. The CLF is proportional to damping at low damping and independent of damping in the high damping, weak coupling limit. Equipartition of energy does not occur as damping tends to zero, except for the case of two oscillators that have identical natural frequencies. While attention is focused on spring-coupled oscillators, similar results hold for more general forms of conservative coupling. The examples of two spring-coupled rods and two spring-coupled plates are considered. Conventional SEA and the coupled oscillator results are in good agreement for weak coupling but diverge for strong coupling. For strong coupling and weak connection, the coupled oscillator results agree well with an exact wave analysis and Monte Carlo simulations.

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16

Moore, James A. "Prediction of helicopter cabin noise using statistical energy analysis (SEA)." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 79, S1 (May 1986): S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2023078.

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Lyon, Richard H. "Fluctuation theory and (very) early statistical energy analysis (SEA) (L)." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113, no. 5 (May 2003): 2401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1567274.

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Ding, Ju Yue, and Jian Wang Shao. "Automotive Floor Sound Package Design Using Statistical Energy Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 1102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.1102.

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An increasing demand for vehicle noise control has been proposed and at the same time, vehicle weight and fuel economy have become critical for the automotive industry. The methodology of statistical energy analysis (SEA) is used to balance both light weight and high noise insulation performance. In this paper, the floor system which is one of the major paths for vehicle interior noise is studied with two sound package systems, the original floor insulation system and the lightweight one. The vehicle floor system is modeled by SEA and its transmission loss (TL) is analyzed. The results show that under certain sound package coverage, the TL of the floor system with the lightweight sound package is a little larger than the TL with the lightweight one. However, the lightweight sound package system has better absorption property and the advantage of weight reduction. Finally, in order to get the better TL, the sound package design is performed.

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Lai, M. L., and A. Soom. "Statistical Energy Analysis for the Time-Integrated Transient Response of Vibrating Systems." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 112, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930114.

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For more than twenty years, statistical energy analysis (SEA) has been used for the analysis of steady-state response distributions in complex coupled structures and sound-structure systems. However, the steady-state SEA formalism is not directly applicable to the analysis of transient vibrations. In this paper, energy relations, analogous to steady-state SEA power flow relations, are derived for the time-integrated transient response of each oscillator. These energy flow relations can be combined using statistical concepts, to obtain a set of energy balance equations for N coupled multimodal subsystems. It is shown that the time-integrated response of each subsystem can be described in terms of transient input energies and conventional SEA parameters, i.e., modal densities, loss factors and coupling loss factors. By solving the energy balance equations, the time-integrated response of each subsystem can be obtained. The results of experiments, conducted on a coupled structure consisting of two welded plates, are presented to illustrate the applicability of these relations.

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Zhang, Guo Jun, and Yun Ju Yan. "Applications of Statistical Energy Analysis in Influencing Factors Analysis of Aircraft Vibro-Acoustic Response Characteristics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 810–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.810.

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The SEA model of hypersonic aircraft is established based on statistical energy analysis (SEA) theory. Three parameters of the SEA model are established by the theory and experiential formula. According to damping loss factors of model subsystem and acoustic absorptivity of cavity, sensitivity analysis of vibro-acoustic response is discussed. The effect that division way of plate subsystem and material structure cause to vibro-acoustic response is analyzed. The analysis results show that the material structure, damping loss factors and material type have the great effect on the characteristics of vibro-acoustic response. The division way of plate subsystem can affect computational accuracy greatly. The influencing factors should be synthetically considered in the design of acoustics structure.

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Sipos, Dávid, and Dániel Feszty. "Development of a Procedure for the Validation of Statistical Energy Analysis Simulations." Acta Technica Jaurinensis 12, no. 4 (November 27, 2019): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14513/actatechjaur.v12.n4.512.

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This paper describes the development of an NVH measurement procedure that can be used for comparisons to Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA). In SEA, the outputs of the simulation are ensemble averaged quantities for each subsystem, which can be obtained in measurements by averaging some measurement point results. For several reasons, the number of measurement points must be as few as possible, but at the same time, they have to provide a well approximated averaged response of the system. The sufficient number of evaluation points and excitation load cases are determined via Finite Element (FE) simulations. It is shown that in case of a simple, flat plate, 17 randomly chosen evaluation points in at least 3 load cases are enough to properly approximate the SEA results.

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Yang, Xiao Yan, You Gang Xiao, and Yu Shi. "Statistical Energy Analysis of Wind Noise in High-Speed Train Cab." Applied Mechanics and Materials 249-250 (December 2012): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.249-250.307.

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Statistical energy analysis(SEA) method has many advantages in analysis of high frequency, high modal density and complex dynamic systems. Dividing high-speed train cab into a series of sub-systems, the SEA model of high-speed train cab was established. The factors affecting the cab noise, such as modal density, damping loss factors, coupling loss factors, were gotten by theoretical analysis combined with experiments. Using large eddy simulation method, the fluctuation pressures from train head surface were calculated. Using fluctuation pressure as excitation source, wind noise spectra and power flow of sub-systems in cab were obtained, which provided the basis for the control of high-speed train cab noise.

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Jin, Jiyong, Congyun Zhu, Rui Wu, Yanming Liu, and Miao Li. "Comparative noise reduction effect of sound barrier based on statistical energy analysis." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 21, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-215155.

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In this paper, based on statistical energy analysis (SEA), the noise attenuation effect of highway sound absorbing barrier is predicted. The theoretical formula value is compared with the calculated value of statistical energy analysis (SEA) to verify its effectiveness in the prediction of sound barrier. And the insertion loss of sound barrier of mineral wool with diverse material thicknesses and coverage are calculated. The results showed that the noise attenuation of the sound barrier increased by 1.5 dB when the sound absorbing materials are attached to the sound barrier near the acoustic source. The noise attenuation effect of mineral wool is improved in the frequency band below 600 Hz when the thickness is increased. The coverage of mineral cotton increased by 25%, and the noise attenuation increased by 0.4 dB. Meanwhile, it also reflects the advantages of fast and convenient statistical energy analysis (SEA) – only one time modelling and changing its parameters can obtain the corresponding statistical results, which has some excellent reference function.

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Zhang, Xiao Feng, You Gang Xiao, Yu Shi, and Wu Yang Zeng. "Statistical Energy Analysis of Subway Wheel/Track Noise." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 1563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1563.

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Dividing wheel-track system of subway into a series of sub-systems, the statistical energy analysis (SEA) model of wheel/track system is established. The factors affecting the wheel/track noise, such as modal density, damping loss factors, coupling loss factors, are gotten by theoretical analysis combined with experiments. The calculated results show that the track noise is about 4.5 dB(A) higher than the wheel noise at 160 km/h, and the wheel noise is reduced by 2.8 dB(A) at 160 km/h and by 2.3 dB(A) at 90 km/h by attaching damped layer plates to the wheels, but the total reduction is only 0.9 dB(A) at 160 km/h and 0.4 dB(A) at 90 km/h, so the attempts to reduce the total noise should exert noise control measures on the track, not on the wheel.

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Langley, Robin. "Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) based approaches for the mid- and high-frequency vibro-acoustic analysis of complex systems." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 6685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_1007.

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This paper will present methods for predicting the statistics of the frequency response functions of complex random vibro-acoustic systems. The statistical properties include the ensemble mean, the ensemble variance, level crossing rates, extreme values, and quefrencies. The approach is based on a combination of statistical energy analysis (SEA), the finite element method, random point process theory, and random matrix theory. In the mid frequency range the finite element method is used to model components that have a low modal density, while other components are modelled as SEA subsystems. The coupling between the finite element components and the SEA subsystems is effected using the diffuse field reciprocity principle, which was developed some years ago. The blocked modes of the SEA subsystems are assumed to have natural frequency statistics that are governed by the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble, and this enables the statistical properties of the response to be found without any need for Monte Carlo simulations. The use of SEA leads to a relatively low number of degrees of freedom used in the model, and thus the approach is numerically efficient well suited to the design stage, where many design options may be explored.

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Mejdi, Abderrazak, Luca Alimonti, and Bryce Gardner. "Vibro-acoustic modeling of aircraft structures using Finite Element- informed Statistical Energy Analysis." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 3479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2417.

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This paper addresses the problem of predicting the structure born and airborne sound transmission in aircraft using Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA). Often analytical formulations are used to approximate the SEA parameters. In the present prediction method, a finite element (FE)-informed SEA approach is employed. To compute the coupling coefficient, the structure is represented with a repetition of unit cell and an FE model of the unit cell is assigned to evaluate the direct field dynamic stiffness matrix of the SEA subsystems at the connections. An efficient strategy is employed to determine the equivalent material properties of the FE model. Thus, a two-dimensional unit cells of different constructions such as composite, sandwich, visco-elastic laminate and ribbed section sections can be used. To evaluate the equivalent properties of multilayers structures, each layer is assumed as thick laminate with orthotropic orientation. Moreover, rotational inertia and transversal shearing, membrane and bending deformations are accounted for. First order shear deformation theory is employed. The developed approach handles symmetrical layouts of unlimited number of transversal compressible or incompressible layers. The accuracy of this modeling approach is confirmed through comparison to alternate validated theoretical approaches. Representative examples of spacecraft structural response and interior noise predictions for typical load cases are shown and the use of SEA models as a tool for guiding construction of complex structures to meet acoustic performance targets and optimize designs are presented. Conclusions about the application and advantages of this approach is presented.

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Reynders, Edwin, and Cédric Van hoorickx. "Assessing the coupling strength between subsystems in (hybrid deterministic-)statistical energy analysis." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 6 (February 1, 2023): 1421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0195.

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Statistical energy analysis (SEA) is a standard approach to high-frequency vibro-acoustic analysis that relies on a conceptual division of the system into subsystems that are assumed to carry a diffuse field and to be weakly coupled. The weak coupling assumption means that the exchange of energy between subsystems can be described in terms of their uncoupled free vibration modes. In this work, a criterion is derived for assessing the coupling strength in the general case where the subsystems are rigidly coupled and/or via deterministic linear dynamic components. The criterion is elaborated such that it can be directly evaluated from quantities that appear in the SEA power balance. In this process, the hybrid deterministic-SEA approach is employed such that subsystems and connections of arbitrary complexity can be tackled in a rigorous way. In one of its approximate forms, the proposed general coupling strength criterion reduces to the gamma criterion that has appeared in the literature for assessing some special cases of coupling. The criterion is validated with a numerical example involving two diffuse plate subsystems connected via a deterministic beam, whose dynamic behaviour influences the coupling strength.

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Putra, Azma, Al Munawir, W. M. F. W. Mohamad, and J. I. Mohammad. "The Effect of Direct Field Component on a Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 471 (December 2013): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.471.279.

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Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) is a well-known method to analyze the flow of acoustic and vibration energy in a complex structure. The structure is divided into subsystems where the energy in each of the subsystem is assumed to be reverberant. This study investigates the application of SEA model in a 'damped' acoustic space where the direct field component from the sound source dominates the total sound field rather than a diffuse field in a reverberant space which the SEA model assumption is based on. A measurement was conducted in a scaled room divided into two acoustic spaces separated by a partition with an opening. Absorbent materials were installed on the room walls and the power injection technique was implemented to obtain the coupling loss factor (CLF) of the system. It is found that correction of the direct field component from the subsystem energy improves the prediction of the CLF of the system.

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Su, Jintao, Ling Zheng, Zhaoxiang Deng, and Yuhan Jiang. "Research Progress on High-Intermediate Frequency Extension Methods of SEA." Shock and Vibration 2019 (March 10, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4192437.

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Statistical energy analysis (SEA) can accurately describe the average vibration characteristics through system energy flow and transmission feedback. It is a powerful tool to solve the problem of high-frequency acoustics-vibration. SEA is widely used in vehicles, ships, aviation, and other transportation engineering fields. However, the expansion of SEA, based on the assumption of modal equipartition and weak coupling, is limited to the intermediate frequency. Although the SEA basic theory can be extended by relaxing the hypothesis conditions or the analysis of the medium-frequency acoustics-vibration can be carried out using the finite element method (FEM) and SEA mixing method, there are still many challenges associated with these options. To improve the basic theory of SEA and knowledge of intermediate frequency extension methods, as well as attract the attention of domestic scholars, this paper describes classical SEA and intermediate frequency extension methods. First, coupling loss factor (CLF) error propagation and parameter acquisition in classical SEA are introduced, and the three relative error calculation methods of CLF are compared. Then, the method of obtaining parameters is described from three aspects of energy transfer, input load, and modal density. Second, SEA intermediate frequency extension technology (experimental statistical energy analysis (ESEA), finite element statistical energy analysis (FE-SEA), statistical modal energy distribution analysis (SMEDA), and waveguide analysis (WGA)) are introduced. Neutron structure assembly and modeling, interval and mixed interval analysis, interval variable and mixed interval variable response are also described, so as to justify the development of a hybrid, large-scale interval algorithm. Finally, the engineering application of the above method is introduced, the limitations and shortcomings of SEA and intermediate frequency extension methods are reviewed, and unsolved problems are further discussed.

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López-Díez, J., M. Torrealba, A. Güemes, and C. Cuerno-Rejado. "Application of Statistical Energy Analysis for Damage Detection in Spacecraft Structures." Key Engineering Materials 293-294 (September 2005): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.293-294.525.

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This paper analyses the applicability of the Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) for detecting incipient damages in a typical spacecraft structure, as a stiffened panel. The damage on attachment element is investigated by analyzing its influence on the system characteristics. Because of incipient damage affects mainly on highest modes, rather than on lowest, the coupling loss factor between sub-elements can be used to detect and localize the damage.

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Shorter, Phil, Francois de Boussiers, and Noel Frederick. "Finite element characterization of complex automotive panels for statistical energy analysis (SEA)." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 118, no. 3 (September 2005): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4778565.

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Nimmegeers, Philippe, Alexej Parchomenko, Paul De Meulenaere, Dagmar R. D’hooge, Paul H. M. Van Steenberge, Helmut Rechberger, and Pieter Billen. "Extending Multilevel Statistical Entropy Analysis towards Plastic Recyclability Prediction." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 3553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063553.

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Multilevel statistical entropy analysis (SEA) is a method that has been recently proposed to evaluate circular economy strategies on the material, component and product levels to identify critical stages of resource and functionality losses. However, the comparison of technological alternatives may be difficult, and equal entropies do not necessarily correspond with equal recyclability. A coupling with energy consumption aspects is strongly recommended but largely lacking. The aim of this paper is to improve the multilevel SEA method to reliably assess the recyclability of plastics. Therefore, the multilevel SEA method is first applied to a conceptual case study of a fictitious bag filled with plastics, and the possibilities and limitations of the method are highlighted. Subsequently, it is proposed to extend the method with the computation of the relative decomposition energies of components and products. Finally, two recyclability metrics are proposed. A plastic waste collection bag filled with plastic bottles is used as a case study to illustrate the potential of the developed extended multilevel SEA method. The proposed extension allows us to estimate the recyclability of plastics. In future work, this method will be refined and other potential extensions will be studied together with applications to real-life plastic products and plastic waste streams.

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YAMAZAKI, Toru, Keisuke ISHIKAWA, and Katsuhiko KURODA. "247 Study on Transient Statistical Energy Analysis for Shock Response." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2006 (2006): _247–1_—_247–5_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2006._247-1_.

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KOIZUMI, Takayuki, Mitsunori MIKI, Nobutaka TUJIUCHI, Hirosuke HORII, and Kunio ARAI. "Estimation of Parameters of Statistical Energy Analysis using Genetic Algorithm." Proceedings of OPTIS 2002.5 (2002): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeoptis.2002.5.59.

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Chen, Shuming, Dengfeng Wang, and Yingfeng Lei. "Automotive Interior Noise Prediction Based on Single Sound Cavity Using Statistical Energy Analysis Method." Noise & Vibration Worldwide 42, no. 11 (December 2011): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0957-4565.42.11.36.

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In order to predict car interior noises at the car design and development stage, the statistical energy analysis (SEA) method was used. All the input parameters – modal density (MD), damping loss factor (DLF) and coupling loss factor (CLF) were calculated with SEA principle. Meanwhile, the sound excitation was calculated with sound power experiment data of internal combustion engine given by the engine manufacturer and sound source radiation formula. Engine mount excitation was also computed through the acceleration at initiative side of the engine mount and the transmissibility. A car virtual prototype was built to calculate a car body suspension receiving excitation from road roughness. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was also built up to analyze the wind excitation on the outside surfaces. The car interior noises were predicted by the SEA model with all of the parameters and excitations. A good agreement was indicated by comparing predicted results with measured ones. The maximum relative error between prediction and measurement results is less than 3%, and the maximum absolute error is less than 2.5 dB (A). The above predicted results satisfy engineering precision requirements and as well as showing that using SEA method to predict car internal noises is feasible. The acoustic sensitivity analysis was made at the end. The car internal noise prediction method presented in the paper can be used at car design and development stage.

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Sobotka, Anna, Kajetan Chmielewski, Marcin Rowicki, Justyna Dudzińska, Przemysław Janiak, and Krzysztof Badyda. "Analysis of offshore wind farm located on Baltic Sea." E3S Web of Conferences 137 (2019): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913701049.

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Poland is currently at the beginning of the energy transformation. Nowadays, most of the electricity generated in Poland comes from coal combustion. However, in accordance to the European Union policy of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, there are already plans to switch to low-emission energy sources in Poland, one of which are offshore wind farms. The article presents the current regulatory environment of the offshore wind energy in Poland, along with a reference to Polish and European decarbonisation plans. In the further part of the article, the methods of determining the kinetic energy of wind and the power curve of a wind turbine are discussed. Then, on the basis of historical data of wind speeds collected in the area of the Baltic Sea, calculations are carried out leading to obtain statistical distributions of power that could be generated by an exemplary wind farm with a power capacity of 400 MW, located at the place of wind measurements. On their basis, statistical differences in the wind power generation between years, months of the year and hours of the day are analysed.

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Song, Xiao, Jiaxin Xu, and Ziqi Lin. "Prediction of aircraft cabin noise by statistical energy analysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2762, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2762/1/012093.

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Abstract The noise level in the aircraft cabin is an important indicator on market competitiveness, and it is a considerable challenge to reduce the noise in the cabin at a relatively small cost, so efficient and accurate forecasting tools are required. In the aviation industry, Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) is widely used to predict mid- and high-frequency noise in aircraft cabins. It has the advantages of simple method and low requirement of structure details. This paper models the cabin of a certain type of aircraft, and uses statistical energy methods to predict the noise level in the cabin during ground and cruise conditions. Among them, the prediction result of the cabin noise on the ground is in good agreement with the test results above 250Hz, which verifies the correctness of the model. During cruise, the pressure fluctuation on the outer surface of the front fuselage is dominated by turbulent boundary layer noise. The analysis shows that the Robertson model can predict turbulent boundary layer noise well, and the difference between the predicted single-point spectrum and the experimental value is less than 1dB. The cabin noise predicted by only loading the turbulent boundary layer noise source is consistent with the experimental results, but the sound pressure level in some frequency bands is low.

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Patil, Vinayak H., and Dhanesh N. Manik. "Sensitivity analysis of a two-plate coupled system in the statistical energy analysis (SEA) framework." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 59, no. 1 (September 4, 2018): 201–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00158-018-2061-9.

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Gardner, Bryce, Phil Shorter, and Vincent Cotoni. "Modeling vibration isolator performance with hybrid finite element/statistical energy (FE‐SEA) analysis." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 118, no. 3 (September 2005): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2040242.

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Peng, S. Z., and T. C. P. Khoo. "Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) for energy attenuation factors and coupling loss factors in asymmetric periodic plates." International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration 3, no. 3 (2007): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvnv.2007.015176.

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Yang, Qiao, Hai Bo Chen, and Yong Yan Wang. "Statistical Energy Analysis of Fractional Derivative Model-Based Rubber Vibration Isolating System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 437 (October 2013): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.437.114.

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The fractional derivative model and Coulomb friction model are introduced to describe the nonlinear characteristics of rubber isolators. Then the non-conservative coupling theory is used to calculate the statistical energy analysis (SEA) parameters of a typical non-conservative coupling system formed by two square plates and a rubber isolator. Numerical results are compared with those obtained by using the traditional viscous damping model, which shows that higher accuracy can be obtained by using the fractional derivative model in high-frequency band.

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Lai, M. L., and A. Soom. "Prediction of Transient Vibration Envelopes Using Statistical Energy Analysis Techniques." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 112, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930088.

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The prediction, by the statistical energy analysis (SEA) method, of transient vibration envelopes for coupled systems is investigated. The relation between the time-varying energy transferred between two coupled subsystems and time-varying energies of the subsystems is studied numerically and experimentally. These studies indicate that time-varying energy transmitted between two subsystems is related to the subsystem energies by an apparent time-varying coupling loss factor. It is shown that the apparent coupling loss factor approaches the asymptotic (or steady-state) coupling loss factor as response energies and transferred energies are integrated over progressively larger times. Both the apparent time-varying coupling loss factor and the asymptotic coupling loss factor, determined experimentally, are used in energy balance equations to predict the time-varying vibration envelopes of a system of two point-coupled plates and the results are compared. Although overall response predictions are similar, considerable differences are noted in individual frequency bands. However, no general method for a priori determination of the apparent time-varying coupling loss factor is suggested.

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YILDIRIM, Alper. "Statistical characteristics, probability distribution, and power potential of sea water velocity in Turkey." European Mechanical Science 6, no. 4 (December 20, 2022): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26701/ems.1195271.

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Sea currents have the potential to supply electricity from a renewable energy source to coastal regions. The assessment of the potential energy that could be generated is the first step toward developing this resource. In this study, the data was collected at 5 m and 35 m depths below the sea surface level, including sea current velocity and direction. A detailed field measurement, of the probability of sea water velocity at three stations (Antalya, Silivri, Istanbul) for 5 months is carried out. The sea current power density values in these stations were 10.41, 4.92, and 7.91 W/m2 at 5 m depth, respectively. Besides, average sea current power density values were seen to be closely arranged with 11.44, 4.07, and 9.06 W/m2 at 35 depths, respectively. In addition, statistical analysis applying Weibull and Rayleigh models is also presented. It is shown that the use of a Weibull probability distribution facilitates the analysis of sea velocity conditions and is also able to predict the power density with a high degree of accuracy. The results of this study are useful for the understanding of marine hydrodynamics of these areas, where sea current power projects may be started in Turkey.

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Maidanik, G., and K. J. Becker. "Provided the modal overlap parameters exceed a threshold, statistical energy analysis (SEA) is not challenged by energy analysis (EA)." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 110, no. 5 (November 2001): 2629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4776890.

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Smith, Leland, and Paul Bremner. "Statistical Energy Modeling Techniques for Space Station Truss Segments." Journal of the IEST 39, no. 5 (September 1, 1996): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.39.5.b0t4011517w05775.

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Statistical energy analysis (SEA) was performed on models of International Space Station (ISS) truss segments. These segments are large truss structures built up from I-beam members. The purpose of this analytical program is to determine the random vibration environment for equipment mounted on these segments. The equipment is mounted to secondary structural built-up plates in most instances. In general, the secondary structure is more rigid than typical aerospace structures because of the large spans between the primary truss members. This presents a challenge to the SEA methodology because of the low modal density of both the primary and the secondary structure, and novel approaches to the problem were identified. The need to test verify these modeling approaches was apparent. On the previous Space Station Freedom program, a developmental vibroacoustic test of a space station-like truss segment was conducted. The development test specimen was modeled in a similar manner to the ISS segments and predicted responses were compared with test data. This paper discusses the modeling methods determined to be effective for these structures

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Le Bot, A. "Entropy in sound and vibration: towards a new paradigm." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 473, no. 2197 (January 2017): 20160602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0602.

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This paper describes a discussion on the method and the status of a statistical theory of sound and vibration, called statistical energy analysis (SEA). SEA is a simple theory of sound and vibration in elastic structures that applies when the vibrational energy is diffusely distributed. We show that SEA is a thermodynamical theory of sound and vibration, based on a law of exchange of energy analogous to the Clausius principle. We further investigate the notion of entropy in this context and discuss its meaning. We show that entropy is a measure of information lost in the passage from the classical theory of sound and vibration and SEA, its thermodynamical counterpart.

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Turkdogru Gurun, Nurkan, Jonathan Chen, Frederick Ward, Matthew Wilcox, and Zhiming Luo. "Prediction and Improvement of Aircraft Cabin Acoustics using Statistical Energy Analysis and Sound Quality Evaluation." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1382.

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Aircraft interior acoustic design is a key influencer for cabin comfort. An essential part of the design is optimization of acoustic insulation systems under weight restrictions to create a pleasant environment for human ear. Considering the complexity of aircraft geometry, noise sources, and transfer paths, computational prediction techniques become invaluable tools for increasing the accuracy in material selection while reducing design time and costs. In this study, a procedure that integrates sound quality evaluation with Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) to design aircraft acoustic insulation systems is described. SEA is employed to predict the cabin sound pressure levels of a narrow body aircraft insulated with sound absorption and vibration damping materials. Aircraft cabin including under-floor sections is modelled based on 3D airframe and VIP style interior design and the model is validated with flight test data. Transfer functions obtained from SEA model for selected transfer paths are utilized to filter the noise signal recorded with a binaural recording system during flight. Sound quality metrics are computed in order to map perceptive response. An iterative process is introduced to improve acoustic design by investigating the effects of different sound insulation systems and room absorption values on noise levels and sound quality metrics.

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Zhu, Guang, Laurent Maxit, Nicolas Totaro, and Alain Le Bot. "Development of a hybrid SmEdA/SEA model for predicting the power exchanged between low and high modal density subsystems." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 3824–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2535.

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Statistical modal Energy distribution Analysis (SmEdA) was developed from classical Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA). It allows computing power flow between coupled subsystems from the deterministic modes of uncoupled subsystems without assuming the SEA modal energy equipartition. SmEdA is well adapted in mid-frequency when the subsystems have not a very high modal density. However, for some systems e.g. the plate-cavity system, one subsystem can exhibit a low modal density while the other one a high one. The goal of the paper is then to propose an extension of SmEdA formulation that allows describing one subsystem by its deterministic modes, and the other one as a diffuse field statistically supposing modal energy equipartition. The uncertain subsystem is then characterized by sets of natural frequencies and mode shapes constructed based on Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble matrix and the cross-spectrum density of a diffuse field, respectively. This formulation permits not only the computation of mean noise response but also the variance generated by the uncertainties and furthermore without bringing in much computation. It is demonstrated that the obtained analytical results from the proposed hybrid SmEdA/SEA are consistent with numerical results computed by FEM with an appropriate degree of uncertainty.

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Huang, Xian Feng, Zhi Xiang Zhuang, Shang You Wei, and Jun Xin Lan. "Prediction on Modal Properties of Building Plates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 1619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1619.

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Statistical energy analysis (SEA) method is an adequate tool to solve complex problems to building acoustics. This research on the application in variety of the building materials as the subsystem of SEA model is performed. For the purpose to explore the relationship between the building element and its mode, these commonly used building materials are selected to determine this relationship. It is indicated that the properties of building material have obvious effect on the modal density and modal overlap of building members. As the consequence, a useful technique to account for a building member to be appropriate for a SEA (statistical energy analysis) subsystem is presented.

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Renji, K. "Application of Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) in Estimating Acoustic Response of Panels With Non-Uniform Mass Distribution." International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration 26, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2020.25.11736.

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Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) is generally used in estimating the responses of structures to high frequency acoustic excitation. Though it has been successfully applied for panels having uniform mass, its usage is limited when the mass distribution is not uniform, as seen in equipment panels of a spacecraft. Results for such panels are seldom reported. In this work, an attempt is made to address this gap. A methodology to estimate the responses of such panels in SEA framework is presented and demonstrated for an equipment panel of a spacecraft, thus widening its application. This is accomplished through SEA along with the information on the standing waves generated due to the change in the structural properties. The acceleration responses of a typical equipment panel when subjected to a diffused acoustic field in a reverberation chamber are measured. The responses of the same panel are theoretically estimated using the methodology presented and a reasonably good prediction is seen.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SEA Statistical energy analysis'

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