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Academic literature on the topic 'Sea urchins'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 April 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Sea urchins"

1

Karnila, R., D. Iriani, S. Md Shaarani, A. A. Yunus, and R. Salma. "Nutritional characteristics of sea urchin (Diadema setosum) in Bungus, West Sumatera Province." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1118, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1118/1/012037.

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Abstract Sea urchin is a food that has high nutrition for consumption and sale. Utilization of the gonad Diadema setosum as a food ingredient because it has high nutritional value, such as food additives, fermented products, and body health. Sea urchin gonad components consist of amino acids that are beneficial in various fields of health, especially in increasing the immune system. This study aims to obtain the value of the proportion and chemical composition of sea urchins gonad. The research method consisted of two stages, namely: 1) Preparation of sea urchin gonadal flour and 2) Proximate analysis of sea urchins gonad. Parameters observed consisted of morphology, proportion of sea urchins, and proximate sea urchins. The results showed that 7 cm diameter sea urchins had a proportion value of 11.11% shell and 4.44% gonad. The chemical composition of sea urchins gonad is moisture content 74.54%, ash content 17.44% (db), protein content 58.96% (db), fat content 20.31% (db), and carbohydrates 3.30% (db).

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Yu, Yushi, Jiangnan Sun, Yaqing Chang, and Chong Zhao. "High fitness areas drive the aggregation of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus." PeerJ 10 (January 19, 2022): e12820. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12820.

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Sea urchin aggregation is a common phenomenon in coastlines. However, it remains controversial whether sea urchins form resource aggregations or behavioral aggregations in a non-spawning season. To clarify, we studied the aggregative responses to food and predators in the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus when high fitness areas (HFAs) were scarce versus sufficient. By taking the occupied area of each sea urchin (test diameter + spines = 4.5 cm) as a square (4.5 cm × 4.5 cm), we set scarce HFAs for the sea urchins in Experiment 1 (the squares of HFAs: the area occupied by experimental sea urchins = 1:1) and sufficient HFAs for the sea urchins in Experiment 2 (the squares of HFAs: the area occupied by experimental sea urchins = 2:1). If M. nudus form resource aggregations, they would aggregate passively under the scarce HFAs conditions, but not in the sufficient HFAs conditions. Conversely, if M. nudus form behavioral aggregation, aggregation would occur in both scarce and sufficient HFAs. The present results showed that in the scarce HFAs, M. nudus in the food and predator groups were significantly closer to the food and further from predators, and had significantly more aggregated numbers in HFAs than those in the control group. Sea urchins did not aggregate in response to food or predators under the sufficient HFAs, although significantly more sea urchins of the experimental group was found in HFAs than that of the control group. Sea urchins (at least M. nudus) form resource aggregations that are driven by the scarce HFAs. This provides valuable information into the mechanisms of the aggregation of sea urchins.

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Tamti, Hartati, Rohani Ambo-Rappe, Sharifuddin Bin Andy Omar, Budimawan Pagalay, Muhammad Iqram, and Abigail Mary Moore. "Sea urchin utilisation in Eastern Indonesia." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 28, no. 3 (August 8, 2023): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.28.3.231-240.

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Sea urchins have long been an important component of gleaning invertebrate fisheries and are valued for their highly nutritious gonads. Sea urchin fisheries are often unreported and unregulated, despite increasing indications of overexploitation. Data on the post-harvest utilization of sea urchins are limited, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region. This study at 12 sites across four regions in Indonesia (Sulawesi, Moluccas, Nusa Tenggara, Papua) aimed to provide an overview of sea urchin utilization in eastern Indonesia. Data were collected from July to September 2020 using a questionnaire with a snowballing sampling method. There were 187 respondents (62.6% male and 37.4% female) ranged in age from 3-76 years old, and most had been collecting sea urchins for more than five years. Respondents mostly collected the sea urchins from coral reef or seagrass habitats. Four genera (Tripneustes, Diadema, Echinometra and Echinothrix) were identified. Mean catch ranged from 32 (Makassar) to 169 (Maluku Tengah) individual sea urchin per collection. Most respondents knew local names for sea urchins, especially those they collected. Almost 70% respondents used their catch mainly for home consumption, and only 4.8% respondents mainly selling their catch. Most urchins sold were whole or crudely de-spined, typically fetching IDR 500-1000 each. Additional post-harvest processing before sale included removing the gonads from the test and/or cooking, with a unit price of IDR 5,000-25,000/product. Commonly consumed raw, urchins were sometimes cooked (mostly barbecued). These data indicate a need for efforts towards socio-ecologically appropriate sea urchin conservation and fisheries management to address the widespread indications of increasing exploitation levels and declining sea urchin populations.

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Smith, Joshua G., and Sabrina C. Garcia. "Variation in purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) morphological traits in relation to resource availability." PeerJ 9 (April 27, 2021): e11352. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11352.

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Flexible resource investment is a risk sensitive reproductive strategy where individuals trade resources spent on reproduction for basic metabolic maintenance and survival. This study examined morphological variation in herbivorous sea urchin grazers across a mosaic landscape of macroalgae dominated habitats interspersed with patches of sea urchin barrens to determine whether sea urchins shift energy allocation in response to food limitation. Extensive underwater surveys of habitat attributes (e.g., sea urchin density, algae cover) were paired with detailed laboratory assays (e.g., sea urchin dissections) to determine how resource abundance affects energy allocation between reproductive capacity and body structure in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We found that: (1) sea urchins had a more elongate jaw structure relative to body size in habitats void of macroalgae (i.e., barrens), (2) sea urchin reproductive capacity (i.e., gonad index) was lower in barrens and the barrens habitat was primarily comprised of encrusting algae, and (3) sea urchin jaw morphology (i.e., lantern index) and reproductive capacity (i.e., gonad index) were inversely related. These results suggest that sea urchins respond to macroalgae limited environments by shifting energy allocation between reproductive capacity and modifications of the foraging apparatus, which may explain the ability of sea urchins to acquire food in resource-limited environments.

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James, Philip, Tor Evensen, and Alexandra Kinnby. "Seasonal Variation in the Element Composition of Dried, Powdered Green Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) from Northern Norway." Sustainability 16, no. 16 (August 6, 2024): 6727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16166727.

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In many countries, such as Norway, there are vast quantities of sea urchins that have formed barrens over large areas of the coastline. Research has shown that removal of sufficient quantities of sea urchins from these barrens can lead to them reverting to a macroalgae forest. Identifying the chemical composition of sea urchins for various uses, such as agricultural fertiliser, would incentivise this sea urchin removal. This study investigates the composition of sea urchins and whether the composition varies when sea urchin collection sites vary both geographically and temporally. Sea urchins were collected from three sites within 10 km of each other in northern Norway at three times through the year. The sea urchins were dried, crushed, powdered, and analysed for nutrient content. An elemental analysis from the sea urchin samples showed high calcium and relatively high magnesium levels; smaller relative quantities of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium were also found. Micronutrients such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) were found. More importantly, both primary, macro-, and micronutrients showed high variability when collected from different sites and at different times of the year. This will be a critical consideration when investigating the use of this product as a plant fertiliser or for any other use.

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Kadir, Wiyanti Abd, Sri Nuryatin Hamzah, and La Nane. "The abundance and distribution patterns of sea urchins in Botubarani waters, Tomini Bay, Indonesia." Tomini Journal of Aquatic Science 2, no. 1 (July 27, 2021): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/tjas.v2i1.11237.

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This study aims to determine the abundance and distribution patterns of sea urchins in Botubarani Waters, Kabila Bone District, Bone Bolango Regency. This research was conducted from July to August 2020. A total of three research stations were established, namely West Tamboa, Central Tamboa and East Tamboa. The abundance of sea urchins was calculated using a quadrant transect measuring 1 × 1 m, which was laid 25 m perpendicular to the coastline using a line transect. Sea urchin species found were identified in situ and the distribution pattern of sea urchins was calculated using the morista dispersion index. The results showed that there were 5 types of sea urchins in Botubarani Beach, namely Echinometra mathaei, Diadema setosum, Echinotrix calamaris, Echinotrix diadema and Tripneustes gratilla. The sea urchin type Echinometra mathaei is the species with the highest abundance in all research stations, namely 25 ind./m2 at Tamboa Barat station, 9 ind./m2 at Tamboa Tengah station and 7 ind./m2 at Tamboa Timur station. The distribution patterns of sea urchins found in Botubarani waters include clusters for Echinometra mathaei and uniform patterns for sea urchins Diadema setosum, Echinotrix calamaris, Echinotrix diadema and Tripneustes gratilla. ANOVA analysis results show that there is no significant difference between sea urchin abundance and water quality parameters in all research stations. This indicates that there is no difference in environmental conditions at the three sampling locations.

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Tian, Wenzhuo, Zhong Wang, Xiaofei Leng, Peng Liu, Hao Guo, Xuechun Jiang, Fanjiang Ou, et al. "Comparison of Immune Indicators Related to Phagocytosis of Five Species of Sea Urchins under Artificial Infection with the Pathogenic Bacterium of Black Mouth Disease." Biology 13, no. 7 (July 3, 2024): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13070495.

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To screen for immune indicators closely related to disease resistance, two species of sea urchin susceptible to black mouth disease (Strongylocentrotus intermedius, S. intermedius ♀ × Heliocidaris crassispina ♂) and three species of sea urchin resistant to black mouth disease (H. crassispina, H. crassispina ♀ × S. intermedius ♂ and Mesocentrotus nudus) were artificially infected with the black mouth pathogen Vibrio echinoideorum. The phagocytosis-related immune indices of the five sea urchin species were compared at different time points post-infection. The results demonstrated that the parameters such as apoptotic rate of phagocytes, mean contribution value (MCV) of single effective phagocyte on Acid Phosphatase (ACP), Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (T-AOC) of the five sea urchin species first increased and then decreased after infection. The key time points were 3 h to 6 h and 48 h post-infection when the black mouth disease-resistant and susceptible sea urchins demonstrated differences. At 3 h or 6 h post-infection, the up-regulation folds in MCV of ACP, ROS and T-AOC of black mouth disease-resistant sea urchins were considerably higher than that of the susceptible sea urchins. At 6 h post-infection, the apoptosis rate and the phagocytic index (PI) of the black mouth disease-resistant sea urchins were significantly higher than those of the susceptible sea urchins (p < 0.05). At 48 h post-infection, the necrosis rate of phagocytes, MCV of ACP and MCV of ROS of the black mouth disease-resistant sea urchins were significantly lower than those of the susceptible sea urchins (p < 0.05). The apoptosis and necrosis rate of phagocytes, PI, and MCV on ACP, ROS may be used as indicators of disease resistance in sea urchins. Disease resistance standards in immune indices can be summarized as phagocytosis increases greatly in the early infection stage and decreases timely to a normal level after killing the pathogen in a short period.

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Snellen, C. L., P. J. Hodum, and E. Fernández-Juricic. "Assessing western gull predation on purple sea urchins in the rocky intertidal using optimal foraging theory." Canadian Journal of Zoology 85, no. 2 (February 2007): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-203.

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Purple sea urchins ( Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson, 1857)) are abundant grazing invertebrates that can have a major impact on the rocky intertidal community. Predators can control the urchin population and indirectly reduce grazing activity. We determined the effects of western gull ( Larus occidentalis Audubon, 1839) predation on purple sea urchins in the rocky intertidal using the framework of optimal foraging theory and taking into account different prey-handling techniques. We recorded the foraging behavior of gulls, measured urchin availability, and estimated prey caloric content with bomb calorimetry. Western gulls selected purple sea urchins significantly more than other prey items (snails (genus Tegula Lesson, 1835), limpets (genus Collisella Dall, 1871), sea stars ( Pisaster giganteus (Stimpson, 1857) and Pisaster ochraceus (Brandt, 1835))). Larger urchins contained relatively more calories. Gulls foraged optimally when pecking by frequently selecting the most profitable size class. However, gulls chose smaller urchins than expected when air-dropping, which could have been influenced by group size and age. Gulls selected smaller purple sea urchins when foraging in larger groups likely owing to the risk of kleptoparasitism. Adults chose larger, and juveniles smaller, urchins when air-dropping, suggesting that juveniles are less experienced in foraging techniques. We estimated that gull predation could affect up to one third of the sea urchin populations locally, which could increase species diversity in the rocky intertidal community.

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Rossetto, André Luiz, Jamesson de Macedo Mora, and Vidal Haddad Junior. "Sea urchin granuloma." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 48, no. 5 (October 2006): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652006000500013.

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Injuries caused by venomous and poisonous aquatic animals may provoke important morbidity in humans. The phylum Echinoderma include more than 6000 species of starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers some of which have been found responsible for injuries to humans. Initial injuries by sea urchins are associated with trauma and envenomation, but later effects can be observed. Sea urchin granuloma is a chronic granulomatous skin disease caused by frequent and successive penetration of sea urchin spines which have not been removed from wounds. The authors report a typical case of sea urchin granuloma in a fisherman and its therapeutic implications.

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CVITKOVIĆ, IVAN, MARIJA DESPALATOVIĆ, ANTE ŽULJEVIĆ, IVAN VUČIĆ, PETRA LUČIĆ, and JELENA NEJAŠMIĆ. "Distribution of sea urchin barrens in shallow algal communities along the eastern Adriatic coast." Mediterranean Marine Science 25, no. 1 (April 22, 2024): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.33553.

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The sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula are important herbivores in algal communities of the infralittoral rocky bottoms in the Mediterranean Sea. However, grazing by sea urchins that outweighs natural algal recruitment processes might result in the formation of barrens, which are areas dominated by urchins and coralline algae. We present the results of the first large-scale mapping of sea urchin barrens and analyses of sea urchins’ impact on the main algal communities across 1955.5 km of rocky coastline on the eastern side of the Adriatic Sea (Croatia). Since mapping was performed over a geographically wide area and covered a representative quantity of approximately 40% of the coastline of the central part of the Adriatic Sea, the results could be considered to reflect the general situation in that area of the eastern Adriatic coast. Mapping revealed that sea urchin barrens are present along over 35% of the coastline, while the complete absence of algal cover was recorded in 8% of the inspected area. Communities with canopy-forming algae, which are the most valuable shallow-water communities of the Mediterranean Sea, represent the largest proportion of the observed coastline and are affected by sea urchins in over 28% of their extent. Among other factors, the extensive harvesting of date mussels (Lithophaga lithophaga) in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s is likely one of the main activities that resulted in exceptional sea urchin expansion via the removal of micropredators and establishment of shelters for subadult urchins.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sea urchins"

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Jones, Kate. "Monitoring, Assessment, and Management of the Green Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) Fishery in Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/JonesKX2006.pdf.

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Kling, Ashley Lindsey. "Effects of Formulated Feeds and Saccharina Latissima on Growth, Gonadal-Somatic Index, and Gonad Color in Grow-Out Stage Green Sea Urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, in Land-Based Echiniculture." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/KlingAL2009.pdf.

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Lau, Chi Chung Dickey. "Population variability and impact of sea urchin Anthocidaris crassispina in Hong Kong." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1298.

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Heyland, Andreas. "Thyroid hormone-like function in echinoids a modular signaling system coopted for larval development and critical for life history evolution /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004542.

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Sweijd, Neville Anthony. "The digestive mechanisms of an intertidal grazer, the sea urchin Parechinus angulosus." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005346.

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Echinoids are important grazers in the near-shore ecosystem and can significantly effect their ecology. The sea urchin Parechinus angulosus occurs inter- and subtidally along the southern African coast. Within this range it consumes an extremely wide variety of algae. Since algal cell walls have an almost species specific chemical composition, the question arises as to how it can digest the algae that it consumes. In order to investigate the digestive mechanisms employed by P. angulosus, an ultrastructural study of the gut was undertaken to characterize the tissue and identify functional regions in the gut. Ten structural and storage polysaccharides commonly found in macroalgae were used as substrates to assay the digestive polysaccharidases of the sea urchin. The enteric bacteria of the sea urchin were isolated and tested separately for polysaccharidase activity using the same substrates. The results shown that the gut of Parechinus angulosus is regionally specialized, with the foregut primarily responsible for the production of hydrolytic enzymes, while the hindgut is primarily absorptive. The occurrence of lamellar bodies, heterolysosomes, cytoplasmic blebs and paddle cilia among other characteristic features of the digestive epithelium are described and discussed. Two levels of enzyme activity are apparent. Generally the urchin could hydrolyze the reserve polysaccharides, but only partially hydrolyze the structural polysaccharides, of red and green algae. P.angulosus was unable to digest alginic acid, the main structural polysaccharide of brown algae. Mixed cultures of bacteria utilized only the reserve polysaccharides of red and green algae. Significantly, the bacteria were able to hydrolyze alginic acid. Enteric bacteria also showed agarolytic activity. Parechinus angulosus has the ability to digest red and green algae. No lysozyme activity was detected. The enteric bacteria can digest the same algal reserve polysaccharides and so may compete for carbon in the gut. However, in the case of brown algae, bacteria have a potentially important endosymbiotic role as agents of digestion. These results correspond with food preference studies which have shown that, although P.angulosus consumes the kelp Ecklonia maxima, in the western Cape, it is amongst its least preferred food species. The reasons for this are its unpalatability and the urchin's inability to digest brown algae. The digestibility of algal material can be an important factor in determining algal-herbivore interactions.

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Chiu, Sein-tuck. "Aspects of the ecology of Anthocidaris crassispina (echinodermata: echinoidea) in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1233571X.

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Farquhar, Michael Robert. "Interspecific interactions of the sea urchin Parechinus angulosus and the effect of variations in microhabitat availability." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005406.

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Intertidal populations of the sea urchin Parechinus angulosus were examined at seven sites along the south and east coasts of South Africa. At the five southerly sites, P. angulosus occurred in allopatry, while, at the two northerly sites, it occurred in sympatry with several species of Indopacific sea urchins. At the five southerly sites, there was a significant correlation of number of sea urchins per pool with the surface area of the overhang in that pool. This relationship broke down for P. angulosus at the two northerly sites, where there was a significant correlation between these two factors for Stomopneustes variolaris. The density of populations of P. angulosus at the two northerly sites, although not significantly different from all five southerly sites, were considerably lower. There was a significant difference between the mean size of populations at the seven sites. Although no direct evidence is available, a competitive interaction between these two species is proposed to explain the observed patterns of microhabitat utilization and densities. Two series of manipulative experiments were conducted at Kowie Point, where P. angulosus occurs in sympatry, The first, involved urchin removals from three experimental sites. The percentage cover of four functional algal groups was monitored in three experimental and three unaltered control sites over a three month period in spring (Sept. - Dec.) 1993. Two 100 point 0,25m² random point quadrats were thrown at each of the six sites at approximately monthly intervals over the experimental period. Since initial cover of algae varied at the six sites, ANOVA's of the change in percentage cover of four functional algal groups were used to determine treatment effects. No treatment effects were identified for any of the four functional algal groups. There was a strong negative correlation between the percentage cover of foliose algae and encrusting coralline algae, suggesting the possibility of a competitive relationship between them. The second, involved the experimental manipulation of microhabitat availability. The blocking of overhangs, by means of cement filled bags, resulted in an approximate 50% decrease in the total number of urchins in the two experimental pools, and the two control pools without overhangs. However, in the control pool with overhangs there was a slight increase in the number of urchins over the same period. Clearly, the presence of suitable shelters, is a prerequisite for the maintenance of dense intertidal population of P. angulosus. It is proposed that, due to the exposed nature of the South African coast, intertidal populations of P.angulosus are restricted to inhabiting suitable shelters from which they emerge to feed on passing drift algae. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of current ecological literature.

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Tauchman, Eric Gary. "Effects of ultraviolet radiation on developing variegated sea urchins, lytechinus variegatus." [Pensacola, Fla.] : University of West Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000142.

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Olquín, Irma. "Speciation in marine systems : the case study of the sea urchin Arbacia incisa (Agassiz 1863) /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--San Diego State University, and University of California, Davis, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-72). Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses)

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Cowart, Dominique Alexandria. "Salinity sensitivity of embryos of the Antarctic sea urchin, Sterechinus neumayeri." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 47 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1597631011&sid=37&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Books on the topic "Sea urchins"

1

Miller, Tori. Sea urchins. New York, N.Y: Rosen Pub. Group's PowerKids Press, 2009.

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Schaefer, Lola M. Sea urchins. Mankato, Minn: Pebble Books, 1999.

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Magby, Meryl. Sea urchins. New York: PowerKids Press, 2013.

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Sloan, N. A. Red sea urchin. Ottawa, Ont: Communications Directorate, Dept. of Fisheries & Oceans, 2000.

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Sloan, N. A. Red sea urchin. Ottawa, Ont: Communications Directorate, Dept. of Fisheries & Oceans, 1986.

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Swartz, Stanley L. Starfish & urchins. Carlsbad, Calif: Dominie Press, 1997.

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Sonu, Sunee C. The Japanese sea urchin market. Long Beach, Calif: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Region, 1995.

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Sonu, Sunee C. The Japanese sea urchin market. Long Beach, Calif: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Region, 1995.

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Noordenburg, Henk van. Sea urchins of the Philippines. Utrecht, Netherlands: Artificial Harmonics, 2008.

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Giudice, Giudice. The sea urchin embryo: A developmental biological system. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sea urchins"

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Vevers, H. G. "Sea Urchins, Starfishes and Sea Cucumbers." In The British Seashore, 103–9. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003484370-9.

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Smith, L. Courtney. "The Complement System in Sea Urchins." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 363–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1291-2_35.

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Williamson, Donald I. "Echinoderms: Sea-Urchins and Brittle-Stars." In The Origins of Larvae, 138–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0357-4_11.

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Williamson, Donald I. "Echinoderms: Sea-Urchins and Brittle-Stars." In LARVAE and EVOLUTION, 80–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8077-9_8.

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Sun, Jenny, and Fu-Sung Chiang. "Use and Exploitation of Sea Urchins." In Echinoderm Aquaculture, 25–45. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119005810.ch2.

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Vine, Peter J. "Sea Urchins' Impacts on Coral Reefs." In Growth and Decay of Coral Reefs, 52–54. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003335795-12.

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Estes, J. A., and C. Harrold. "Sea Otters, Sea Urchins, and Kelp Beds: Some Questions of Scale." In Ecological Studies, 116–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72845-7_6.

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Pinya Fernández, Samuel, Sergi Guasch-Martínez, Joan Gil-Perelló, Laia Brunet-Coll, Alejandro Borrás, Guillem Mateu-VIcens, Pere Ferriol Bunyola, Llorenç Gil Vives, Silvia Tejada, and Antoni Sureda. "Empowering student engagement and environmental understanding: the Coastal Health Monitoring Scheme (CHMS) in the Balearic Islands, Spain." In Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas: Problems and Measurement Techniques, 282–87. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0556-6.25.

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A partnership between the Iberostar Foundation and the University of the Balearic Islands through the Chair of the Sea, Coastal Health Monitoring Scheme has a dual purpose: training students in marine biodiversity monitoring and collecting critical coastal ecosystem data. Launched in 2021 on Ibiza with 12 stations, it now boasts 50 stations: 20 in Mallorca, 15 in Menorca, 10 in Ibiza, and 5 in Formentera. Undergraduate Biology students from the University of the Balearic Islands conduct this project. Each station undergoes comprehensive surveys in spring and summer, including three 60 m2 transects to quantify species density, focusing on sea urchins, sponges, sea cucumbers, and anemones. Population structure analysis is performed by measuring diameters of sea urchins and anemones. Variable-length transects assess benthic species like sea snails and limpets, while others study crab species diversity and Blennoidea fish abundance. Data collected forms a comprehensive biodiversity inventory, enhanced by submerged sand samples to measure organic content and granulometric composition. The CHMS's success is supported by the Iberostar Fdn., Baleària Fdn., local councils, and Island Councils, aiding in transportation, accommodation, and mobility. This collaborative approach enriches marine biology education and contributes valuable insights into coastal ecosystems.

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Vadas, Robert L. "Comparative Foraging Behavior of Tropical and Boreal Sea Urchins." In Behavioural Mechanisms of Food Selection, 479–514. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75118-9_24.

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Krupke, Oliver, Shunsuke Yaguchi, Junko Yaguchi, and Robert D. Burke. "Imaging Neural Development in Embryonic and Larval Sea Urchins." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 147–60. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-974-1_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sea urchins"

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Nair, Vismaya V., Srinivas Bolem, N. Nanthini, and Parveen Akhther A. "Real-Time Detection of Sea Urchins Using Convolutional Neural Networks." In 2024 IEEE Silchar Subsection Conference (SILCON), 1–9. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/silcon63976.2024.10910533.

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Liu, Qi, Jie Wei, and Yuan Wang. "Triphenyltin induced oxidative damage in sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis." In Fifth International Conference on Green Energy, Environment, and Sustainable Development, edited by Mohammadreza Aghaei, Hongyu Ren, and Xiaoshuan Zhang, 122. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3044595.

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Chakra, M. A., and J. R. Stone. "Descartes, Plateau, and sea urchins." In DESIGN AND NATURE 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/dn080111.

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"Sea Urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): Their Biology, Culture and Bioactive compounds." In International Conference on Agricultural, Ecological and Medical Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c714075.

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Sevillano-González, Marta, Cintia Hernández-Sánchez, Javier González-Sálamo, and Javier Hernández-Borges. "MICROPLASTICS ANALYSIS IN SEA URCHINS AS A FINAL DEGREE PROJECT." In 13th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2021.1146.

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Mastrototaro, Francesco, Federica Montesanto, Andrea Tursi, Ricardo Aguilar, and Giovanni Chimienti. "Biometry supporting species identification from underwater images in two Mediterranean Sea urchins." In 2021 International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea; Learning to Measure Sea Health Parameters (MetroSea). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metrosea52177.2021.9611547.

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Roberto Miranda De Oliveira, Antônio, Amilton Arruda, Carla Langella, and Valentina Perricone. "'Biomimicry as a tool for developing bioinspired products: Methods, process and application." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003360.

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Biomimicry is a method of transferring natural strategies developed over millions of years of evolution into new practical applications. The identified biological principles are abstracted and used to solve problems with the aid of technological tools. Based on a biomimetic bottom- up approach, the present study regards the development of new orthodontic forceps based on pedicellariae, which are reactive pincer-like structures present on different echinoderm surfaces, e.g., sea urchins and sea stars. The morphological study carried outby means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and digital fabrication lead to the designing of a new bio-inspired solution for optimized orthodontic surgical forceps promoting less damage to the alveoli, with minimal tissue disruption, as well as providing greater comfort to the patient. Through biomimetics, ergonomic concepts and generative design, a new product is developed.

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Sadeghi, A., L. Beccai, and B. Mazzolai. "Design and development of innovative adhesive suckers inspired by the tube feet of sea urchins." In 2012 4th IEEE RAS & EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2012.6290867.

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Nekvapil, F., S. Tomšić, and S. Cintă Pinzaru. "Comparative Raman Spectroscopy Study of the Coelomic Fluid of Grazing Sea Urchins and Their Native Seawater: Prospect for A Potential Indicator of Environmental Aggression." In Air and Water Components of the Environment Conference. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2018_04.

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Tahara, Junichiro, Taichi Ito, Mitsuru Izumi, Takuya Ida, Shinpei Gotoh, and Takuzo Abe. "Sea urchin survey by small ROV : – Study of the Urchin barren –." In OCEANS 2018 MTS/IEEE Charleston. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2018.8604862.

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Reports on the topic "Sea urchins"

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Davidson, Eric H. The Molecular Biology of the Sea Urchin Skeletal Matrix. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada363771.

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Klein, S. B. SEM and x-ray microanalysis of cellular differentiation in Sea Urchin Embryos: a frozen hydrated study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5964745.

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Lennarz, William J. Molecular and Cell Biological Studies on Biomineralization by Primary Mesenchyme Cells of the Sea Urchin. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada300090.

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Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, Erik Fridell, Jaakko Kukkonen, Jana Moldanova, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Achilleas Grigoriadis, Maria Moustaka, et al. Environmental impacts of exhaust gas cleaning systems in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea area. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361898.

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Description: Shipping is responsible for a range of different pressures affecting air quality, climate, and the marine environment. Most social and economic analyses of shipping have focused on air pollution assessment and how shipping may impact climate change and human health. This risks that policies may be biased towards air pollution and climate change, whilst impacts on the marine environment are not as well known. One example is the sulfur regulation introduced in January 2020, which requires shipowners to use a compliant fuel with a sulfur content of 0.5% (0.1% in SECA regions) or use alternative compliance options (Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems, EGCS) that are effective in reducing sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions to the atmosphere. The EGCS cleaning process results in large volumes of discharged water that includes a wide range of contaminants. Although regulations target SOx removal, other pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals and combustion particles are removed from the exhaust to the wash water and subsequently discharged to the marine environment. Based on dilution series of the Whole Effluent Testing (WET), the impact of the EGCS effluent on marine invertebrate species and on phytoplankton was found to vary between taxonomic groups, and between different stages of the invertebrate life cycle. Invertebrates were more affected than phytoplankton, and the most sensitive endpoint detected in the present project was the fertilisation of sea urchin eggs, which were negatively affected at a sample dilution of 1 : 1,000,000. Dilutions of 1: 100,000 were harmful to early development of several of the tested species, including mussels, polychaetes, and crustaceans. The observed effects at these low concentrations of EGCS effluent were reduced egg production, and deformations and abnormal development of the larvae of the species. The ecotoxicological data produced in the EMERGE project were used to derive Predicted No Effect Concentration values. Corresponding modelling studies revealed that the EGCS effluent can be considered as a single entity for 2-10 days from the time of discharge, depending on the environmental conditions like sea currents, winds, and temperature. Area 10-30 km outside the shipping lanes will be prone to contaminant concentrations corresponding to 1 : 1,000,000 dilution which was deemed harmful for most sensitive endpoints of WET experiments. Studies for the Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea) revealed that the EGCS effluent dilution rate exceeded the 1 : 1,000,000 ratio 70% of the time at a distance of about 10 km from the port. This was also observed for 15% of the time within a band of 10 km wide along the shipping lane extending 500 km away from the port of Piraeus. When mortality of adult specimens of one of the species (copepod Acartia tonsa) was used as an endpoint it was found to be 3-4 orders of magnitude less sensitive to EGCS effluent than early life stage endpoints like fertilisation of eggs and larval development. Mortality of Acartia tonsa is commonly used in standard protocols for ecotoxicological studies, but our data hence shows that it seriously underestimates the ecologically relevant toxicity of the effluent. The same is true for two other commonly used and recommended endpoints, phytoplankton growth and inhibition of bioluminescence in marine bacteria. Significant toxic effects were reached only after addition of 20-40% effluent. A marine environmental risk assessment was performed for the Öresund region for baseline year 2018, where Predicted Environmental Concentrations (PECs) of open loop effluent discharge water were compared to the PNEC value. The results showed modelled concentrations of open loop effluent in large areas to be two to three orders of magnitude higher than the derived PNEC value, yielding a Risk Characterisation Ratio of 500-5000, which indicates significant environmental risk. Further, it should be noted that between 2018-2022 the number of EGCS vessels more than quadrupled in the area from 178 to 781. In this work, the EGCS discharges of the fleet in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, the English Channel, and the Mediterranean Sea area were studied in detail. The assessments of impacts described in this document were performed using a baseline year 2018 and future scenarios. These were made for the year 2050, based on different projections of transport volumes, also considering the fuel efficiency requirements and ship size developments. From the eight scenarios developed, two extremes were chosen for impact studies which illustrate the differences between a very high EGCS usage and a future without the need for EGCS while still compliant to IMO initial GHG strategy. The scenario without EGCS leads to 50% reduction of GHG emissions using low sulfur fuels, LNG, and methanol. For the high EGCS adoption scenario in 2050, about a third of the fleet sailing the studied sea areas would use EGCS and effluent discharge volumes would be increased tenfold for the Baltic Sea and hundredfold for the Mediterranean Sea when compared to 2018 baseline discharges. Some of the tested species, mainly the copepods, have a central position in pelagic food webs as they feed on phytoplankton and are themselves the main staple food for most fish larvae and for some species of adult fish, e.g., herring. The direct effect of the EGSE on invertebrates will therefore have an important indirect effect on the fish feeding on them. Effects are greatest in and near shipping lanes. Many important shipping lanes run close to shore and archipelago areas, and this also puts the sensitive shallow water coastal ecosystems at risk. It should be noted that no studies on sub-lethal effects of early 19 life stages in fish were included in the EMERGE project, nor are there any available data on this in the scientific literature. The direct toxic effects on fish at the expected concentrations of EGCS effluent are therefore largely unknown. According to the regional modelling studies, some of the contaminants will end up in sediments along the coastlines and archipelagos. The documentation of the complex chemical composition of EGCS effluent is in sharp contrast to the present legislation on threshold levels for content in EGCS effluent discharged from ships, which includes but a few PAHs, pH, and turbidity. Traditional assessments of PAHs in environmental and marine samples focus only on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) list of 16 priority PAHs, which includes only parent PAHs. Considering the complex PAHs assemblages and the importance of other related compounds, it is important to extend the EPA list to include alkyl-PAHs to obtain a representative monitoring of EGCS effluent and to assess the impact of its discharges into the marine environment. An economic evaluation of the installation and operational costs of EGCS was conducted noting the historical fuel price differences of high and low sulfur fuels. Equipment types, installation dates and annual fuel consumption from global simulations indicated that 51% of the global EGCS fleet had already reached break-even by the end of 2022, resulting in a summarised profit of 4.7 billion €2019. Within five years after the initial installation, more than 95% of the ships with open loop EGCS reach break-even. The pollutant loads from shipping come both through atmospheric deposition and direct discharges. This underlines the need of minimising the release of contaminants by using fuels which reduce the air emissions of harmful components without creating new pollution loads through discharges. Continued use of EGCS and high sulfur fossil fuels will delay the transition to more sustainable options. The investments made on EGCS enable ships to continue using fossil fuels instead of transitioning away from them as soon as possible as agreed in the 2023 Dubai Climate Change conference. Continued carriage of residual fuels also increases the risk of dire environmental consequences whenever accidental releases of oil to the sea occur.

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