Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sea water corrosion

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Sea water corrosion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sea water corrosion"

1

Campbell, Hector. "‘Corrosion in sea water systems’." British Corrosion Journal 26, no. 1 (January 1991): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000705991798269396.

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Sukarjo, Heribertus, and Adi Surahman. "Pengaruh Korosi terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Macaroni Tubing P110 1.900" x 4.19 lbs/ft." Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jeemm.v1i1.223.

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<em>Macaroni Tubing P110 1.900″ x 4.19 lbs/ft which applicated at Snubbing and Oil and Gas industry, exposed to Corrosive fluids such as NH4Cl, KCl and Sea Water. Macaroni Tubing P110 1.900″ x 4.19 lbs/ft also has mechanical treatment especially Tensile force. That’s why effects of NH4Cl, KCl and Sea Water fluid to Corrosion Rate and Tensile strength Macaroni Tubing P110 1.900″ x 4.19 lbs/ft shall be known. Starting from those issue, Immersion corrosion testing using NH4Cl, KCL and sea wáter instruments is conducted, and Tension testing is performed to the material after exposed to those corrosive fluids. Immersion corrosion testing method is used to analyze corrosion rate and Tension testing is used to analyze the tensile strength. The result shown that the fastest Corrosion rate is material which immersed to 6% NH4Cl with average corrosion rate value 0,210 mm/year. In second position is material which immersed to 3% KCl with average corrosion rate value 0.132 mm/year and the latest is material which immersed to sea water with average corrosion rate value 0.095 mm/year. Meanwhile, tensile strength test shown 676.53 Mpa for Raw Material specimens, 664.19 Mpa for specimens which immersed to 3% KCl, 653.51 Mpa for specimens which immersed to 6% NH4Cl and 669.55 Mpa for specimens which immersed to sea water. From those three specimens which immersed to corrosive fluid shown tensile strength decreased than Raw Material tensile strength and Specimen which immersed to 6% NH4Cl shown the biggest value.</em>
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Sugita, Hideaki, Takeshi Nkazawa, Hiromi Komuta, and Masayoshi Kasagi. "Corrosion of Condenser Tubes by Sea Water." JOURNAL OF THE MARINE ENGINEERING SOCIETY IN JAPAN 29, no. 1 (1994): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime1966.29.48.

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Do, K. H., and S. K. Roy. "Corrosion of steel in tropical sea water." British Corrosion Journal 29, no. 3 (January 1994): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000705994798267665.

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Wang, Zuo Ping, Peng Bo Chen, Zhong Wei Ma, and Jiang Tao Yu Wen. "Effects of Rare Earth on Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Graphite-Like Carbon Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 1978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1978.

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The corrosion behavior of graphite-like carbon (GLC) coating in sea water was studied and yttrium and cerium were doped into it by using mosaic in the target of magnetron sputtering process to improve its corrosion resistance. The result shows that the GLC coating characterizes typical underfilm electrochemical corrosion in sea water. Yttrium added in chromium interlayer or yttrium and cerium added in the surface layer of the GLC coating can apparently improve the microstructure result in significantly decrease the corrosive current density. As the modifications of Y in interlayer and Y, Ce and Ta in top layer are composed together to form complex GLC coating, the wear resistance and the antifriction is dramatically improved, the corrosive current density is only one-twenty fourth of that of the commercial C/Cr GLC coating.
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Selly, Rini, Ricky Andi Syahputra, Moondra Zubir, Lisnawaty Simatupang, Erpida Ompusunggu, Jesicca Aprilyani, and Nopita Sitompul. "Analysis of Corrosion Rate With Addition of Pumps in Commercial Steel in Sea Water Media." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v3i1.18339.

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Corrosion or rusting is very common in metals is a decrease in the ability of a metal due to the environment or chemicals. Sea water is a corrosive environment for metals because it contains sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium sulfate (CaSO4), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and dissolved oxygen (O2) which affect the corrosion process of the material. The presence of dissolved oxygen will cause the rate of corrosion in metals to increase with increasing oxygen content (O2), the solubility of oxygen in water is a function of pressure, temperature and chloride content. The process of corrosion is almost the same for all materials, especially in metals occurs slowly but surely, corrosion can cause a material to have a limited service life, where the material expected to be used for a long time turns out to have a shorter life span than the average usage life.
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Kaithari, Dinesh Keloth. "Development of Corrosion Resistance Coatings for Sea Water Pipeline." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 4, no. 2 (June 29, 2016): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2016.421.

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The pipelines that are used for transporting sea water to desalination plants are made of expensive steel alloys. However because of the salt content in water and also other atmospheric factors this pipe undergoes severe corrosion problem. This causes pits and holes in pipe surface making it useless and lead to huge replacement cost of pipes. Hence a way to control corrosion is needed.In this project use of different coatings to overcome corrosion is tested experimentally. Five types of coatings namely epoxy, aluminum, enamel, rubber, and chrome are coated on the samples prepared from actual pipeline used in the plant and the experimental results and analysis are summarized for finding the best coating for reducing corrosion of pipes. Among the five different coatings tested the rubber and epoxy coatings resulted with minimum corrosion rate and weight loss.
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Zhang, Peng, Gang Chen, Bin Guo, and Shu Kang Cheng. "Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism of Magnetic Field on Carbon Steel." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.353.

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The current research explores the effect of alternating magnetic field on corrosion rate and products compositions of 45 steel, by use of electrochemical test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The calculated inhibition efficiency of the alternating magnetic field based on electrochemical corrosion rate is up to 16.66%. Electrochemical corrosion morphology and surface products were also discussed. The surface of specimen is uniform and compact in magnetized sea water relation to that in 3.5% NaCl solution and sea water. The corrosion products of 45 steel in sea water are FeCl2•4H2O, Fe(OH)3 and FeOOH. However, the corrosion products of 45 steel in magnetized sea water are FeOOH, Fe3O4 and FeCl3•6H2O chiefly.
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Yuli Rizky Ananda Nasution, Sri Hermawan, and Rosdanelli Hasibuan. "PENENTUAN EFISIENSI INHIBISI REAKSI KOROSI BAJA MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L)." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 1, no. 2 (December 25, 2012): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v1i2.1418.

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Garcinia mangostana peel extract is a natural inhibitor that can be used to inhibit the corrosion reaction rate. This research begins by extracting Garcinia Mangostana pods by maceration followed by evaporation and extracts used as the inhibitor with concentration 600, 800 and 1000 ppm, with the test sample of corrosion is steel 1 × 2 cm with the thickness is 0,1 cm and corrosive medias are sea water, rain water and sulfuric acid 1 M. The highest inhibition efficiency generated is 99,22% with ethanol solvent at concentration of 800 ppm inhibitor in rain water corrosive media; which means that Garcinia mangostana peel extract more efficiently used in rain water corrosive media.
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Srisungsitthisunti, Pornsak, Siriporn Daopiset, and Noparat Kanjanaprayut. "Crevice Corrosion of Duplex Stainless Steels by Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization and Potentiostatic Techniques." Key Engineering Materials 728 (January 2017): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.728.123.

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Crevice corrosions of duplex stainless steels were investigated under the aggressive condition of sea water pumps in offshore petroleum platforms. The study aims to compare crevice corrosion behavior of three grades of duplex stainless steels, UNS S32101 (2101), UNS S31803 (2205) and UNS S32750, in seawater with 200 ppm of hypochlorite. Duplex steels were compared with a widely used austenitic steel UNS S31603 (316). Specimens were tested under synthetic sea water prepared at pH4, pH6 and pH8 by the cyclic potentiodynamics polarization technique and the potentiostatic technique. The results show that the duplex stainless steels had higher corrosion resistance compared with the 316. The released charges and the corrosion rates of the 2101 and the 2205 were similar, but much lower than those of the 2507especially after 3 months period.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sea water corrosion"

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Venkatesan, R. "Studies On Corrosion Of Some Structural Materials In Deep Sea Environment." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/189.

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Efficient exploitation and conservation of the oceans poses great technological challenges for scientists and engineers who must develop materials, structures and equipment for use in harsh environment of the oceans. For the applications of materials in marine environment, knowledge of the corrosion properties is essential for selection purposes. Presently, effort is being devoted to exploit deep-sea mineral resources. Deterioration of materials in the deep sea is due to the cumulative effect hydrostatic pressure, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity and sea current. For the first time, in-situ corrosion measurements on the effect of deep sea environment on some metallic and composite materials were carried out at depths of 500,1200,3500, and 5100 m for 168,174 and 174 days of exposure in the Indian Ocean. Corrosion rate was obtained from weight loss measurements (mm/year) and surface morphology of as-exposed and cleaned specimens of the above materials was studied under scanning electron microscope and ED AX. Galvanic coupling of steel with zinc, magnesium and aluminium were also studied.. Tensile on metal and alloys and tensile, compressive, flexure and ILSS tests on carbon fibre reinforced composite specimen were performed on exposed specimens. XRD studies were conducted on the corrosion product of materials. In order to correlate the performance of materials in deep-sea environment, seawater current and temperature data were also collected at same period Results reveal that the corrosion behaviour of steels is controlled by dissolved oxygen prevailing and corrosion rate corresponds to dissolved oxygen available at these depth levels. This is due to the fact that oxygen acts as a cathodic deploarizer during corrosion reaction of steels in seawater. Corrosion rate of aluminium increases as the depth increases. This is due to the effect of hydrostatic pressure, which reduces the ionic radii of chlorine ions and facilitates easy penetration of these ions into surface layer. Titanium, titanium alloy (Ti-6A1-4V) and stainless steels did not show any deterioration at all depths studied. Morphology of as exposed and corroded coupons reveal different features. EDS analyses on exposed specimens are analyzed in light of seawater parameters. Carbon fibre reinforced composite did not show any change in properties like tensile, compression flexural and ILSS compared to control (unexposed) specimens. The deposition of calcium carbonate on galvanically coupled mild steel with zinc, aluminium and magnesium corresponds to availability of calcium in the deep ocean. EDS analyses on exposed coupons did not reveal calcium element below the calcium carbonate compensation depth (CCD) at 3800 m in Indian Ocean. Potentiodynamic polarization studies on some metals and alloys indicate that the behaviour of materials in deep-sea environment is a cumulative effect of all oceanographic parameters. Tensile test results on stainless steels SS-304 & SS-316L), titanium and titanium alloy (exposed) specimens did not show any significant change in their tensile properties and is again attributed to the passive film formed on its surface and nearly zero corrosion rate observed. Microbiological investigations on the exposed materials indicate that except carbon fibre reinforced composite all other metals and alloys harboured bacterial colonies. Results have been used to recommend structural materials suitable for the deep-sea applications.
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Watson, Neil John. "Corrosion studies of 70/30 copper/nickel alloys in sea water." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290480.

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Davies-Smith, L. R. "Marine corrosion behaviour of certain niobium containing nickel base alloys." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377680.

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胡少堅 and Siu-kin Wu. "Corrosion and fouling in heat exchangers cooled by sea water from HongKong harbour." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208010.

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Wu, Siu-kin. "Corrosion and fouling in heat exchangers cooled by sea water from Hong Kong harbour /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12335472.

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Wignall, Colin Michael. "Torsional fatigue of three 316L stainless steels in air and artificial sea water." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286379.

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Hussain, Essam A. M. "An electrochemical investigation of erosion corrosion of duplex stainless steel in sea water containing sand particles." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393705.

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Millar, Peter G. "Corrosion fatigue crack propagation behaviour of a high strength low alloy steel in a synthetic sea water environment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1986. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4443.

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The corrosion fatigue crack propagation behaviour of a high strength low alloy steel, N-A-XTRA 70, in a synthetic sea water solution was tested using S. E. N. specimens subjected to a loading frequency of 0.1 Hz and a load ratio of 0.6. In order to simulate the conditions encountered by a thumbnail type crack several specimens from each of the microstructural types tested, namely parent plate, heat affected zone and heat treated material, had their crack sides covered by transparent plastic covers. Severe overprotection and slight underprotection conditions were produced using cathodic protection potentials of -1400, -1300, -1200 and -700 mV (S. C. E. ). The Paris relationship da/dN = CLKm was found to be a useful tool in describing the crack propagation rate data. Results obtained, presented in the form of plots of log da/dN against log AK, show that for parent plate, H. A. Z. and heat treated material, covering the crack sides of specimens produces enhanced corrosion fatigue crack propagation rates, at cathodic protection potentials of -1400 and -1300 mV (S. C. E. ), when compared to non covered specimens. This trend was also true for H. A. Z. specimens at a potential of -700 mV (S. C. E. ). For parent plate specimens, however, covering the crack sides at a potential of -700 mV (S. C. E. ) produced reduced crack propagation rates over non covered specimens. It is believed restriced oxygen access may account for these results. Plots of the Paris exponent m and constant C for the three microstructures tested produced three lines of the form m= alnC +b where a and b were found to be dependent upon material parameters. Comparison of results with BS 4360: 50D revealed that N-A-XTRA 70 exhibited superior fatigue performance when tested in air but behaved worse under conditions of free corrosion.
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Chaudhury, Gautam Kumar. "Application of fracture mechanics to random load fatigue of tubular joints (in air and in sea-water)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362620.

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Jones, Eric Merwin. "Investigation of the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of annealed and heat treated alloy 625 castings and forgings in sea water." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22324.

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The author hereby grants to the United States Navy, Wyman Gordon, and M.I.T. permission to reproduce and distribute copies of this thesis document in Whole or in part.
Alloy 625, the nickel based superalloy commonly called Inconel* 625, was investigated for its susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking in sea water using the slow strain rate tensile test method. Four microstructures of the alloy commonly found in end products were investigated. Bimetallic couplings with other metals were simulated with a potentiostat at plus and minus one volt with respect to a saturated standard calomel electrode (SCE). Baseline tests were conducted in air and sea water without applied potential. The response of the alloy to cathodic protection of minus three volts SCE was also investigated on the two most commonly used microstructures, as cast" and "forged/annealed". The different microstructures developed were characterized with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The gage lengths, fracture surfaces, and sections of test specimens were also examined with a SEM. The data from the slow strain rate tensile tests were compared with data from standard tensile tests performed on the same processed material. The results from this investigation indicate that Alloy 625 is not susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in the normal sea water service environment where temperatures are close to ambient. However, the results indicated that Alloy 625 is susceptible to the hydrogen embrittlement form of stress corrosion cracking when subjected to potentials that produce hydrogen evolution. This embrittlement leads to intergranular cracking.
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Books on the topic "Sea water corrosion"

1

Varis, Päivi. Corrosion fatigue of titanium in sea water under cathodic polarisation. Espoo [Finland]: Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1992.

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European Federation of Corrosion. Working Party on Marine Corrosion., ed. A working party report on marine corrosion: General guidelines for corrosion testing of materials for marine applications. London: Published for the European Federatio of Corrosion by the Institute of Metals, 1989.

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Kolkman, H. J. Rinsing water analysis of helicopter jet engine compressors. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1987.

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Howell, William R. N. An analysis of possible microbiologically influenced crevice corrosion of 316 stainless steel in a seawater environment. Springfield, Va: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996.

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Institute of Materials (London, England) and European Federation of Corrosion, eds. A Working party report on sea water corrosion of stainless steels--mechanisms and experiences. London: Published for the European Federation of Corrosion by the Institute of Materials, 1996.

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Xiao, Jimei, Rizhang Zhu, and Yuan Xu, eds. Corrosion and corrosion control for offshore and marine construction. Oxford: Pergamon, 1989.

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(Editor), Gerhard Kreysa, and Reiner Eckermann (Editor), eds. Corrosive Agents & Their Interaction With Materials: Chlorine Dioxide, Sea Water (The Dechema Corrosion Handbook). Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 1999.

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A Working Party Report on Sea Water Corrosion of Stainless Steels - Mechanisms and Experiences (European Federation of Corrosion Publications , No 19). Ashgate Publishing, 1996.

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Jimei, Xiao, Zhu Rizhang, Xu Yuan, Zhongguo fu shi yu fang hu xue hui., National Association of Corrosion Engineers., and International Conference on Corrosion and Corrosion Control for Offshore and Marine Construction (1988 : Xiamen, Xiamen Shi, China), eds. Corrosion and corrosion control for offshore and marine construction: Proceedings of international conference, September 6-9, 1988, Xiamen, China. Beijing, China: International Academic Publishers, 1989.

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Jimei, Xiao, and Zhu Rizhang. Corrosion and Corrosion Control for Offshore and Marine Construction: Proceedings of International Conference : September 6-9, 1988, Xiamen, China. International Academic Publishers, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sea water corrosion"

1

Roalkvam, Irene, and Karine Drønen. "Two Case Studies of Corrosion from an Injection Water Pipeline in the North Sea." In Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry, 393–412. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315157818-20.

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Sadawy, M. M., and K. M. Zohdy. "Effect of TIN on the Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Al-Zn-Mg Alloy in Sea Water." In Light Metals 2014, 383–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48144-9_65.

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Tjayadi, Leonardi, Nilesh Kumar, and Korukonda L. Murty. "Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel SS304 for Dry Storage Canisters in Simulated Sea-Water." In TMS 2020 149th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 1431–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36296-6_133.

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Sadawy, M. M., and K. M. Zohdy. "Effect of Tin on the Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Al-Zn-Mg Alloy in Sea Water." In Light Metals 2014, 383–88. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118888438.ch65.

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ROWLANDS, J. C. "Sea Water." In Corrosion, 2:60–2:72. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-052351-4.50023-6.

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Powell, C. A., and L. M. Smith. "Stainless Steels in Sea Water*." In Marine Corrosion of Stainless Steels, 55–63. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780138748104-8.

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Fischer, K. P., E. Rislund, O. Steensland, U. Steinsmc, and B. Wallén. "Comparison of Sea Water Corrosivity in Europe*." In Marine Corrosion of Stainless Steels, 3–11. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780138748104-2.

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Wallén, B., and A. Bergquist. "The Sea Water Resistance of a Superaustenitic 7Mo Stainless Steel*." In Marine Corrosion of Stainless Steels, 64–81. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780138748104-9.

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Féron, D., B. Espelid, and V. Scotto. "Comparison of Sea Water Corrosivity in Europe: Temperature, Biofilm and Ageing Influences*." In Marine Corrosion of Stainless Steels, 39–51. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780138748104-6.

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Compere, C., N. Le Bozec, M. L'Her, A. Laouenan, D. Costa, and P. Marcus. "Ageing of Passivated Materials in Sea Water: Study of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction*." In Marine Corrosion of Stainless Steels, 155–64. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780138748104-17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sea water corrosion"

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Kamarudin, S. R. M., M. Daud, A. Muhamad, M. S. Sattar, A. R. Daud, Mohamad Rusop, Rihanum Yahaya Subban, Norlida Kamarulzaman, and Wong Tin Wui. "Corrosion Behaviour of Al Alloys in Sea Water." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENT OF MATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY: (ICAMN—2007). AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3377892.

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Mand, Jaspreet, Thomas R. Jack, Gerrit Voordouw, and Heike Hoffmann. "Use of molecular methods (pyrosequencing) for evaluating MIC potential in water systems for oil production in the North Sea." In SPE International Oilfield Corrosion Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/169638-ms.

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Evin, Harold N., Jerome Peultier, Gilles Thevenet, Olivier Wagner, Henri Romazzotti, and Jean-Philippe Roques. "Hydrogen Induced Corrosion Cracking and Crevice Corrosion Behavior in Natural Sea Water of Super Duplex Seam Welded Tubes for Umbilicals Applications." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41755.

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Umbilicals are important tubes assembly essentially used for subsea equipment controlling functions and fluid injection. Super duplex stainless steel 2507 (UNS 32750 / EN 1.4410) has been the historical grade used for its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The Oil and Gas industry is gradually working on the exploration and exploitation of offshore and deep offshore resources. These operating conditions lead to new philosophy in the design of subsea umbilicals, which are evolving to answer the needs of new functionalities. Recent years development supported by O&G operators, have seen innovative super duplex stainless seam welded tube solution being used for their high mechanical characteristics (YS0.2≥ 750 MPa; UTS≥ 900 MPa), tight dimension tolerances, and their ability to generate cost saving during installation. The specific metallurgical manufacturing route for the 2507 strip together with an efficient roll forming process and NDT control allows to obtained tubes for umbilicals which push the usual boundaries of utilization of this super duplex grades. In this paper, Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC) behavior, possible failure mode of the super duplex stainless steel tubes exposed to cathodic protection in the termination unit, was extensively studied. A stress load of 110% YS0.2 was applied using a dead weight bench and the tubes performance was characterized after 500h of exposure in synthetic sea water under cathodic protection. Crevice corrosion is also a reported failure mode for umbilical tubes. Corrosion resistance of the 2507 seam welded tubes was also assessed in natural sea water in crevice conditions at open circuit potential (OCP). No failure was observed during the HISC testing in synthetic sea water after 500hours of exposure and no micro-crack was detected on the tubes after characterization. The metallurgical microstructure of the laser weld is not preferential initiation zone for crevice corrosion.
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You, Wei, and Yaxiu Liu. "Predicting the Corrosion Rates of Steels in Sea Water Using Artificial Neural Network." In 2008 Fourth International Conference on Natural Computation. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2008.481.

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Ranganatha, S. R., and M. Shantharaja. "Sea water corrosion behavior of Al 2014 based hybrid composite for marine application." In ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL DESIGN, MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE: Proceeding of the Second International Conference on Design, Materials and Manufacture (ICDEM 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0003939.

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Yin, Jinying, Dihong Li, Zaiwen Lin, Dongxing Zhang, and Haibao Lu. "Modeling and simulation of corrosion mechanism for glass fiber reinforced plastic in sea water." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Zoubeida Ounaies and Jiangyu Li. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.847367.

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Prifiharni, Siska, Lutviasari Nuraini, Gadang Priyotomo, Sundjono, Hadi Gunawan, and Ibrahim Purawiardi. "Corrosion performance of steel and galvanized steel in Karangsong and Limbangan sea water environment." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON METALLURGY AND MATERIALS (ISMM2017): Metallurgy and Advanced Material Technology for Sustainable Development. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5038320.

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8

Shappell, Lance, Lee Myers, and Jason Hunter. "Mitigation of Marine Gas Turbine Water Wash Risks." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-91167.

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The US Navy Landing Craft, Air Cushion (LCAC) engines, like all marine gas turbines, use water washes to preserve performance and increase reliability by removing salt and other contaminants from the compressor. Due to the severity of the operating environment and unfavorable operations base, water washing can pose risks to the LCAC engines. Galvanic corrosion, crevice corrosion, insufficient contaminant removal and incompatibility among seal materials, contaminants and wash solvents can outweigh the benefits of water wash. The US Navy has incorporated water wash procedures and materials such as silicon rubber seals and glass fiber and Teflon bushings to mitigate these risks.
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Gabrielsen, Øystein, Turid Liengen, and Solfrid Molid. "Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion on Seabed Chain in the North Sea." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77460.

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The last years Statoil has replaced some of our seabed mooring chain segments. Some of these chains have corrosion pits caused by Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC). In 2016 and 2017 one full length of a seabed chain segment, including anchor, was retrieved from a SEMI at approximately 300m water depth in the North Sea. The chain has been 20 years on the seabed. The corrosion on the chain was carefully documented, and showed significant levels of MIC. The extent of the MIC showed a strong dependency on seabed contact and how well the chain was buried in the sediments. The observed MIC is caused by Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB). After corrosion identification, the chain has also been subject to full scale fatigue testing. This paper presents the technical condition of the seabed mooring chain, describing the different levels of MIC, typical SRB corrosion attacks, and the results from the fatigue testing.
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10

Bolwell, Richard. "Understanding Royal Navy Gas Turbine Sea Water Lubricating Oil Cooler Failures When Caused by Microbial Induced Corrosion (‘SRB’)." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-54063.

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A managed programme to review engine failures and take necessary preventative measures has been in place successfully in the Royal Navy since the introduction of gas turbines into service in the 1970’s. One of the more prominent failure mechanisms with the Tyne RM1C and Spey SM1A engines has been the degradation of main line bearings accounting for 25 percent of all engines rejected. Historically, since the first recorded incident in March 1987, the failures pointed to poor performance of the bearings themselves. However, maintenance studies and recent analysis indicates that a vast proportion have occurred through previously unidentified chloride corrosion as a result of contamination of the lubricating oil system with salt water from the seawater lubricating oil cooler (SWLO cooler). Despite joint ownership of both engine variants with the Royal Netherlands Navy, there was no clear evidence until about five years ago to suggest why tube perforation was occurring. Indeed, the fact that failures have only occurred in Royal Navy service is an interesting twist to the problem. This paper summarises the phenomenon of SWLO cooler corrosion caused by Microbial Induced Corrosion (principally Sulphate Reducing Bacteria – SRB). It highlights the conditions in which SRB occurs along with demonstrated prevention in Royal Navy gas turbine service through the combined efforts of maintenance and development of a new titanium tubestack. The fault finding and remedial recovery experience may well be of interest to operators of marine gas turbines, both naval and commercial, who use tube type heat exchangers, especially when operating or undertaking work in estuarial waters and non tidal basins or when undertaking littoral duties. This is a practical view of the issue from an operators perspective and whilst utilising a wealth of research and technical data available on the subject, it relates the issues at hand to the particular corrosion problem and is not intended as an introduction into organic chemistry.
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