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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sea water corrosion'
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1
Venkatesan, R. "Studies On Corrosion Of Some Structural Materials In Deep Sea Environment." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/189.
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Efficient exploitation and conservation of the oceans poses great technological challenges for scientists and engineers who must develop materials, structures and equipment for use in harsh environment of the oceans. For the applications of materials in marine environment, knowledge of the corrosion properties is essential for selection purposes. Presently, effort is being devoted to exploit deep-sea mineral resources. Deterioration of materials in the deep sea is due to the cumulative effect hydrostatic pressure, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity and sea current. For the first time, in-situ corrosion measurements on the effect of deep sea environment on some metallic and composite materials were carried out at depths of 500,1200,3500, and 5100 m for 168,174 and 174 days of exposure in the Indian Ocean.
Corrosion rate was obtained from weight loss measurements (mm/year) and surface morphology of as-exposed and cleaned specimens of the above materials was studied under scanning electron microscope and ED AX. Galvanic coupling of steel with zinc, magnesium and aluminium were also studied.. Tensile on metal and alloys and tensile, compressive, flexure and ILSS tests on carbon fibre reinforced composite specimen were performed on exposed specimens. XRD studies were conducted on the corrosion product of materials. In order to correlate the performance of materials in deep-sea environment, seawater current and temperature data were also collected at same period Results reveal that the corrosion behaviour of steels is controlled by dissolved oxygen prevailing and corrosion rate corresponds to dissolved oxygen available at these depth levels. This is due to the fact that oxygen acts as a cathodic deploarizer during corrosion reaction of steels in seawater. Corrosion rate of aluminium increases as the depth increases. This is due to the effect of hydrostatic pressure, which reduces the ionic radii of chlorine ions and facilitates easy penetration of these ions into surface layer. Titanium, titanium alloy (Ti-6A1-4V) and stainless steels did not show any deterioration at all depths studied. Morphology of as exposed and corroded coupons reveal different features. EDS analyses on exposed specimens are analyzed in light of seawater parameters. Carbon fibre reinforced composite did not show any change in properties like tensile, compression flexural and ILSS compared to control (unexposed) specimens. The deposition of calcium carbonate on galvanically coupled mild steel with zinc, aluminium and magnesium corresponds to availability of calcium in the deep ocean. EDS analyses on exposed coupons did not reveal calcium element below the calcium carbonate compensation depth (CCD) at 3800 m in Indian Ocean. Potentiodynamic polarization studies on some metals and alloys indicate that the behaviour of materials in deep-sea environment is a cumulative effect of all oceanographic parameters.
Tensile test results on stainless steels SS-304 & SS-316L), titanium and titanium alloy (exposed) specimens did not show any significant change in their tensile properties and is again attributed to the passive film formed on its surface and nearly zero corrosion rate observed. Microbiological investigations on the exposed materials indicate that except carbon fibre reinforced composite all other metals and alloys harboured bacterial colonies. Results have been used to recommend structural materials suitable for the deep-sea applications.
2
Watson, Neil John. "Corrosion studies of 70/30 copper/nickel alloys in sea water." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290480.
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Davies-Smith, L. R. "Marine corrosion behaviour of certain niobium containing nickel base alloys." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377680.
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胡少堅 and Siu-kin Wu. "Corrosion and fouling in heat exchangers cooled by sea water from HongKong harbour." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208010.
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Wu, Siu-kin. "Corrosion and fouling in heat exchangers cooled by sea water from Hong Kong harbour /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12335472.
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6
Wignall, Colin Michael. "Torsional fatigue of three 316L stainless steels in air and artificial sea water." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286379.
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Hussain, Essam A. M. "An electrochemical investigation of erosion corrosion of duplex stainless steel in sea water containing sand particles." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393705.
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8
Millar, Peter G. "Corrosion fatigue crack propagation behaviour of a high strength low alloy steel in a synthetic sea water environment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1986. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4443.
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The corrosion fatigue crack propagation behaviour of a high strength low alloy steel, N-A-XTRA 70, in a synthetic sea water solution was tested using S. E. N. specimens subjected to a loading frequency of 0.1 Hz and a load ratio of 0.6. In order to simulate the conditions encountered by a thumbnail type crack several specimens from each of the microstructural types tested, namely parent plate, heat affected zone and heat treated material, had their crack sides covered by transparent plastic covers. Severe overprotection and slight underprotection conditions were produced using cathodic protection potentials of -1400, -1300, -1200 and -700 mV (S. C. E. ). The Paris relationship da/dN = CLKm was found to be a useful tool in describing the crack propagation rate data. Results obtained, presented in the form of plots of log da/dN against log AK, show that for parent plate, H. A. Z. and heat treated material, covering the crack sides of specimens produces enhanced corrosion fatigue crack propagation rates, at cathodic protection potentials of -1400 and -1300 mV (S. C. E. ), when compared to non covered specimens. This trend was also true for H. A. Z. specimens at a potential of -700 mV (S. C. E. ). For parent plate specimens, however, covering the crack sides at a potential of -700 mV (S. C. E. ) produced reduced crack propagation rates over non covered specimens. It is believed restriced oxygen access may account for these results. Plots of the Paris exponent m and constant C for the three microstructures tested produced three lines of the form m= alnC +b where a and b were found to be dependent upon material parameters. Comparison of results with BS 4360: 50D revealed that N-A-XTRA 70 exhibited superior fatigue performance when tested in air but behaved worse under conditions of free corrosion.
9
Chaudhury, Gautam Kumar. "Application of fracture mechanics to random load fatigue of tubular joints (in air and in sea-water)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362620.
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10
Jones, Eric Merwin. "Investigation of the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of annealed and heat treated alloy 625 castings and forgings in sea water." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22324.
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The author hereby grants to the United States Navy, Wyman
Gordon, and M.I.T. permission to reproduce and distribute
copies of this thesis document in Whole or in part.Alloy 625, the nickel based superalloy commonly called Inconel* 625, was investigated for its susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking in sea water using the slow strain rate tensile test method. Four microstructures of the alloy commonly found in end products were investigated. Bimetallic couplings with other metals were simulated with a potentiostat at plus and minus one volt with respect to a saturated standard calomel electrode (SCE). Baseline tests were conducted in air and sea water without applied potential. The response of the alloy to cathodic protection of minus three volts SCE was also investigated on the two most commonly used microstructures, as cast" and "forged/annealed". The different microstructures developed were characterized with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The gage lengths, fracture surfaces, and sections of test specimens were also examined with a SEM. The data from the slow strain rate tensile tests were compared with data from standard tensile tests performed on the same processed material. The results from this investigation indicate that Alloy 625 is not susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in the normal sea water service environment where temperatures are close to ambient. However, the results indicated that Alloy 625 is susceptible to the hydrogen embrittlement form of stress corrosion cracking when subjected to potentials that produce hydrogen evolution. This embrittlement leads to intergranular cracking.
11
Le, Breton Jean-Marie. "Etude par spectrométrie Mössbauer de la corrosion d'alliages métalliques : aimants permanents Nd-Fe-B ; acier faiblement allié en eau de mer naturelle." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUES050.
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La spectrométrie Mössbauer du fer 57 a été utilisée en relation avec d'autres techniques (diffractions de rayons X, microscopie électronique à balayage, microsonde électronique) pour étudier la corrosion d'aimants permanents industriels Nd-Fe-B entre 90°C (avec humidité) et 400°C, et d'un acier faiblement allié (42CD4) en eau de mer naturelle en fonction de la pression hydrostatique. Dans les aimants Nd-Fe-B, l'évolution de la phase Nd2Fe1#4B a été plus particulièrement suivie. Cette phase semble disparaître sous l'effet de l'oxydation du Nd, en formant principalement du fer alpha. Un net ralentissement de ce processus a été mis en évidence dans les aimants avec Co et V préparés par décrépitation par l'hydrogène. La composition de la couche de rouille formée sur des plaques d'acier 42CD4 immergées en eau de mer naturelle pendant 15 jours ne varie pas pour des pressions supérieures à 3MPa. L'akaganéite n'est observée qu'aux pressions inferieures a 3MPa
12
Prasad, Harsha. "Impact of Municipal Water Characteristics on Corrosion of Steel and Copper Piping." Digital WPI, 2016. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1177.
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This research evaluated corrosion and scale deposition in steel and copper pipe sections from apartment complexes located in Rhode Island (RI), Massachusetts (MA), and Maryland (MD). Piping samples from these locations had corroded at an accelerated rate and consisted of HVAC piping, and domestic copper pipes. Pipes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to quantify the elemental composition of the samples. The water chemistry of each system was compared to the elemental data to determine correlations. Particular elements from the EDS analysis in comparison to the water quality parameters, Langelier Saturation Index, and Larson Skold indices exhibited inverse and direct correlations. The deposition of corrosion product and scales occurred in all systems that had implemented corrosion control in the form of pH adjustment and inhibitors to prevent infrastructure degradation. Although measures were taken to prevent corrosion, the current practices were not effective at the current dosing rate showing that the municipalities could consider other options such phosphate blend inhibitors and lime as effective corrosion control mechanisms.
13
Auger, Fernand. "Altération des roches sous influence marine, dégradation des pierres en oeuvre, simulation accélérée en laboratoire." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2018.
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Etude des facteurs de degradation des batiments et ouvrages anciens en pierre calcaire sous influence marine le long de la facade littorale atlantique francaise, en examinant deux situations : zone de marnage, et milieu aerien. Datation des ouvrages et localisation de la provenance des materiaux (carrieres a ciel ouvert et souterraines). Essais divers sur echantillons provenant des carrieres et d'une digue ancienne soumise au marnage, ainsi que de divers batiments historiques en refection (carottage, essais physiques et mecaniques, technique particuliere de mesure de la vitesse du son dans les carottes). Developpement d'un appareil pour la simulation acceleree de l'alteration aerienne, reproduisant les phenomenes naturels observe sur les monuments et sur les falaises naturelles
14
Danielsson, Olivia, Sonja Jonsson, and Ida Mildenberger. "Corrosion in the coolant circuit of Pansarterrängbil 203." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-193585.
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The military vehicle, Pansarterrängbil 203 (PATGB 203) demonstrates a fault. There are some components in a coolant circuit that fail due to corrosion while others are unaffected. One of the affected components that will be investigated in this report is the water heater. The subject of this technical investigation has been an issue for FMV, Swedish Defence Materiel Administration since a decade. While seeking out the cause of the coolant circuit failing, this investigation aim to analyzing the underlying problems considering material, factors of corrosion and organization. In order to establish the origin of material and appearance of corrosion, experiments were performed. The experiments showed that the original material is an Al-Si alloy. The micrographs indicated varying stratification of the corrosion throughout the unit. The corrosive deposits consisted mainly of oxygen, silicon, aluminum and sodium. Consequently, the protecting passive oxide layer is compromised, which results in a direct connection between the coolant and the underlying material. This direct connection gives rise to the development of corrosion in the material. Clear underlying causes of the corrosion were not found but the most probable suggest on galvanic corrosion accelerated by a stray current. Properly grounding the components decreases the stray current in the system and is essential to avoid corrosion. If grounding the components is not sufficient, additional checks of the coolant with attention to the pH-value and the function of corrosion inhibitors may indicate corrosion at an earlier stage.
15
Rapin, Christophe. "Étude de l'inhibition de la corrosion aqueuse du cuivre." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10358.
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Le but de ce travail est l'étude de l'inhibition de la corrosion aqueuse du cuivre par l'heptanoate de sodium. Celle-ci est optimale pour une concentration en heptanoate de 0,08 mol/l et un ph-proche de 8. La vitesse de corrosion peut par ailleurs être considérablement diminuée par ajout de perborate de sodium. Le mécanisme d'action de l'heptanoate sur le cuivre a été précisé. La surface du métal se recouvre d'une couche tridimensionnelle de 6 à 8 nm d'épaisseur, constituée d'un mélange d'heptanoate et d'hydroxyde de cuivre II. L'heptanoate de cuivre II a fait l'objet d'une étude approfondie: détermination de la structure cristallographique, caractérisation de sa solubilité et de sa stabilité thermique. L'heptanoate de cuivre ne subissant pas de décomposition en dessous de 200c, présente de ce fait un avantage supplémentaire en terme d'inhibition du cuivre
16
Beloucif, Bonnet Luisa. "Comportement à températures élevées du cuivre et de l'argent en présence de chlore gazeux sec et de mélanges chlore-vapeur d'eau." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066497.
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Etude de la chloruration de l'argent et du cuivre dans une atmosphère statique de chlorure gazeux dans l'intervalle de température 25-900c. Influence de la température et de la pression de chlore sur la corrosion. Démonstration de l'existence de plusieurs domaines régis par des lois cinétiques différentes et d'un domaine d'immunité et de passivité. Influence du taux d'humidité relative dans le cas de la corrosion en présence du mélange chlore, air, vapeur d'eau.
17
Namduri, Haritha. "Characterization of Iron Oxide Deposits Formed at Comanche Peak Steam Electric Station." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5521/.
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The presence of deposits leading to corrosion of the steam generator (SG) systems is a major contributor to operation and maintenance cost of pressurized water reactor (PWR) plants. Formation and transport of corrosion products formed due to the presence of impurities, metallic oxides and cations in the secondary side of the SG units result in formation of deposits. This research deals with the characterization of deposit samples collected from the two SG units (unit 1 and unit 2) at Comanche Peak Steam Electric Station (CPSES). X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques have been used for studying the compositional and structural properties of iron oxides formed in the secondary side of unit 1 and unit 2. Magnetite (Fe3O4) was found to be predominant in samples from unit 1 and maghemite (g-Fe2O3) was found to be the dominant phase in case of unit 2. An attempt has been made to customize FTIR technique for analyzing different iron oxide phases present in the deposits of PWR-SG systems.
18
Lin, Chuan-Chen, and 林佳全. "Corrosion and mechanical property of carbon steel and rebar under the sea water environment." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39199096875880656815.
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碩士國立成功大學
機械工程學系碩博士班
91
The research is discussing the natural corrosiveness, sea water corrosiveness, then analyzing with SD28 rebar and S20C carbon steel; also to compare when expose the material in the sea water and in the air, which contains sea water, and compare changes of mechanical character after stress corroded at different times. Firstly, we discuss testing pieces weight variation after S20C carbon steel and SD28 rebar corroded in sea water; to get to know the changes of their most loaded and extension rate by pulling test. Secondly, we use scanning electron microscope (M-SEM) to know quantity changes of atoms on the surface and to see the corrosive situation on the material surface by eyes at different times. The results show that: carbon steel and rebar do not have significant weights variance in air, but compare to carbon steel, rebar has less corrode weight reduction in sea water (after one year experiment, weight of rebar reduced about 4 grams and the carbon steel reduced about 25 grams). Furthermore, the observed surface corrode of carbon steel is serious than rebar, and it shows that rebar is more anti-corrode than carbon steel. The main reason for this condition is that the rebar material contains nickel, copper and chromium elements that carbon steel does not have. Besides, the longer the rebar and carbon steel soaked in sea water, the percentage of iron atom will higher than oxygen atom. In the experimental environment, prestressed specimen has higher tensile strength than the specimen without prestressed in sea water and air, and it revealed that more dislocation resulted from pre-stretch strain is due to time-effect function increase the tensile strength.
19
Itoh, Yoshito, Mikihito Hirohata, Junya Takemi, and Yousuke Yamachika. "Corrosion Deterioration Characteristics of Structural Steel by Accelerated Exposure Test System under the Water." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/19975.
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Nasser, Badoor. "Characterization of microbiologically influenced corrosion in pipelines by using metagenomics." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/652824.
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Corrosion in pipelines and reservoir tanks in oil plants is a serious problem in the energy industries around the world because it causes a huge economic loss due to not only frequent replacements of the parts of pipelines and tanks but also potential damage of the entire fields of crude oil. Previous studies have revealed that corrosions are generated mainly by microbial activities and they are now called as Microbial Influenced Corrosion (MIC) or simply bio-corrosion. Bacterial species actually causing bio-corrosion is crucial for the suppression of the corrosion. To diagnose and give proper treatment to pipelines in industrial plants, it is essential to identify the bacterial species responsible for bio-corrosions. For attaining at this aim, I conducted an analysis of the microbial community at the corrosion sites in pipelines of oil plants, using the comparative metagenomic analysis along with bioinformatics and statistics. In this study, I collected and analyzed various bio-corrosion samples from four different oil fields.
First, I collected samples from the seawater pipelines that are essential in the oil fields to maintain seawater injection system (field#1), and then I conducted the metagenomic analysis of these samples. The metagenomes obtained revealed that samples in both sites contain a wide range of bacterial taxa. However, the comparative analysis of the microbial community with statistics in the comparison between sites with corrosion and without corrosion revealed the presence of microorganisms whose abundances were significantly higher in sites with corrosion. Some of these microbes can be sulfate reducers and sulfur oxidizers of which are considered to be casual agents in recent bio-corrosion models.
In addition to the seawater pipelines, I also collect samples from corrosion sites in oil pipelines at Field #2 and #3. My metagenomic analysis combined with statistics showed that several microorganisms are speculated to be very active at the corrosion sites in the oil pipeline. Although biological mechanisms of forming bio-corrosion in the oil pipelines still remain unclear, these microbial species are suggested to be some of the responsible bacteria for bio-corrosion in the oil pipelines.
Besides seawater injection systems, groundwater injection systems are often used, especially in inland oil fields. Therefore, more detailed understanding of biocorrosion in the groundwater injection system is also required in oil industries. In the present studies, I then analyzed the microbial communities in pipelines in the oil field where groundwater is used as injection water (field #4). I collected samples from four different facilities in the field #4. Metagenome analysis revealed that microbial community structures were largely different even among samples from the same facility. Treatments such as biocide and demineralization at each location in the pipeline may affect the microbial communities independently. The results indicated that microbial inspection throughout the pipeline network is important to protect industrial plants from bio-corrosions.
Identifying the bacterial species responsible to bio-corrosion, this study provides us with information on bacterial indicators that will be available to classify and diagnose bio-corrosions. Furthermore, these species may be available as biomarkers to detect the events of bio-corrosion at an early stage. Then, any appropriate care such as the appropriate choice of biocides can be taken immediately and appropriately. Thus, my study will provide a platform for obtaining microbial information related to bio-corrosion that enables us to obtain a practical approach to protect them from bio-corrosion.
21
Chun-Wang and 王駿. "Study of Corrosion Behavior for the Thermally Grown Oxide Film and Electrodeposited Polypyrrole Coatings 316 Stainless Steel in the Sea Water and Sulphuric Acid Solution Environments." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5t5233.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
材料科學與綠色能源工程研究所在職專班
101
In this study, the corrosion behavior of thermally grown oxide film and polypyrrole coatings using cyclic voltammetry were prepared on SS 316 stainless steel are investigated in natural sea water and 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution environments. The corrosion properties of these materials are studied using a potentiodynamic polarization test. The polarization curves and scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) of both thermally grown oxide film and polypyrrole coating specimens are also studied. The experimental results show that the heat-treated sample of 800℃for 30 min has better corrosion resistance than the base SS 316 in natural sea water. In 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution environment, it was found the corrosion potential of the polypyrrole-coated and heat-treated specimens shifted toward a noble potential, and a significant decrease in corrosion current density was also observed Therefore, both the thermally grown oxide film and polypyrrole coating can offer SS 316 higher corrosion resistance in 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution environment.
22
Lin, Tung, and 林棟. "Studying the Corrosive Behaviors of Shipping Board under the Sea Water Environments." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24494337593091083363.
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碩士大葉大學
機械工程研究所碩士在職專班
95
In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the hull structure and to make sure the safety of the ship, it is necessary to conduct rust sandblasting and painting when a ship enters the berth dock for annual maintenance. This research will focus on the behaviors of corrosive state of shipping board when contacting the sea water. The experiment will divide into two stages： The first stage is studying the corrosive state of test plates under various corrosive and surface treatment conditions with quantitative analysis. The second stage is comparing the corrosion rate of surface-treated naked plates where placed at static state underwater, seashore and inter-tidal zone conditions. First stage results shown that testing plates placed at inter-tidal zone shows the worst corrosive result, while plates at seashore are the least corrosive one. The plates with adequate thickness painting are much less corrosive than the ones without painting. The results of the second stage revealed that the weight loss of testing plates increased and corrosion rate gradually decreased with the experimental time’s going under every corrosion condition. Use the corrosion rate obtained at static state underwater as the basic standard. The corrosion rate at seashore is about two and a half times compared with the standard. However, the corrosion rate at inter-tidal zone is around twenty times than at static state seawater.