Journal articles: 'Sea water corrosion'

1

Campbell, Hector. "‘Corrosion in sea water systems’." British Corrosion Journal 26, no. 1 (January 1991): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000705991798269396.

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Sukarjo, Heribertus, and Adi Surahman. "Pengaruh Korosi terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Macaroni Tubing P110 1.900" x 4.19 lbs/ft." Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jeemm.v1i1.223.

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<em>Macaroni Tubing P110 1.900″ x 4.19 lbs/ft which applicated at Snubbing and Oil and Gas industry, exposed to Corrosive fluids such as NH4Cl, KCl and Sea Water. Macaroni Tubing P110 1.900″ x 4.19 lbs/ft also has mechanical treatment especially Tensile force. That’s why effects of NH4Cl, KCl and Sea Water fluid to Corrosion Rate and Tensile strength Macaroni Tubing P110 1.900″ x 4.19 lbs/ft shall be known. Starting from those issue, Immersion corrosion testing using NH4Cl, KCL and sea wáter instruments is conducted, and Tension testing is performed to the material after exposed to those corrosive fluids. Immersion corrosion testing method is used to analyze corrosion rate and Tension testing is used to analyze the tensile strength. The result shown that the fastest Corrosion rate is material which immersed to 6% NH4Cl with average corrosion rate value 0,210 mm/year. In second position is material which immersed to 3% KCl with average corrosion rate value 0.132 mm/year and the latest is material which immersed to sea water with average corrosion rate value 0.095 mm/year. Meanwhile, tensile strength test shown 676.53 Mpa for Raw Material specimens, 664.19 Mpa for specimens which immersed to 3% KCl, 653.51 Mpa for specimens which immersed to 6% NH4Cl and 669.55 Mpa for specimens which immersed to sea water. From those three specimens which immersed to corrosive fluid shown tensile strength decreased than Raw Material tensile strength and Specimen which immersed to 6% NH4Cl shown the biggest value.</em>

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Sugita, Hideaki, Takeshi Nkazawa, Hiromi Komuta, and Masayoshi Kasagi. "Corrosion of Condenser Tubes by Sea Water." JOURNAL OF THE MARINE ENGINEERING SOCIETY IN JAPAN 29, no. 1 (1994): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime1966.29.48.

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Do, K. H., and S. K. Roy. "Corrosion of steel in tropical sea water." British Corrosion Journal 29, no. 3 (January 1994): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000705994798267665.

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Wang, Zuo Ping, Peng Bo Chen, Zhong Wei Ma, and Jiang Tao Yu Wen. "Effects of Rare Earth on Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Graphite-Like Carbon Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 1978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1978.

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The corrosion behavior of graphite-like carbon (GLC) coating in sea water was studied and yttrium and cerium were doped into it by using mosaic in the target of magnetron sputtering process to improve its corrosion resistance. The result shows that the GLC coating characterizes typical underfilm electrochemical corrosion in sea water. Yttrium added in chromium interlayer or yttrium and cerium added in the surface layer of the GLC coating can apparently improve the microstructure result in significantly decrease the corrosive current density. As the modifications of Y in interlayer and Y, Ce and Ta in top layer are composed together to form complex GLC coating, the wear resistance and the antifriction is dramatically improved, the corrosive current density is only one-twenty fourth of that of the commercial C/Cr GLC coating.

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Selly, Rini, Ricky Andi Syahputra, Moondra Zubir, Lisnawaty Simatupang, Erpida Ompusunggu, Jesicca Aprilyani, and Nopita Sitompul. "Analysis of Corrosion Rate With Addition of Pumps in Commercial Steel in Sea Water Media." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v3i1.18339.

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Corrosion or rusting is very common in metals is a decrease in the ability of a metal due to the environment or chemicals. Sea water is a corrosive environment for metals because it contains sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium sulfate (CaSO4), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and dissolved oxygen (O2) which affect the corrosion process of the material. The presence of dissolved oxygen will cause the rate of corrosion in metals to increase with increasing oxygen content (O2), the solubility of oxygen in water is a function of pressure, temperature and chloride content. The process of corrosion is almost the same for all materials, especially in metals occurs slowly but surely, corrosion can cause a material to have a limited service life, where the material expected to be used for a long time turns out to have a shorter life span than the average usage life.

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Kaithari, Dinesh Keloth. "Development of Corrosion Resistance Coatings for Sea Water Pipeline." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 4, no. 2 (June 29, 2016): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2016.421.

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The pipelines that are used for transporting sea water to desalination plants are made of expensive steel alloys. However because of the salt content in water and also other atmospheric factors this pipe undergoes severe corrosion problem. This causes pits and holes in pipe surface making it useless and lead to huge replacement cost of pipes. Hence a way to control corrosion is needed.In this project use of different coatings to overcome corrosion is tested experimentally. Five types of coatings namely epoxy, aluminum, enamel, rubber, and chrome are coated on the samples prepared from actual pipeline used in the plant and the experimental results and analysis are summarized for finding the best coating for reducing corrosion of pipes. Among the five different coatings tested the rubber and epoxy coatings resulted with minimum corrosion rate and weight loss.

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Zhang, Peng, Gang Chen, Bin Guo, and Shu Kang Cheng. "Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism of Magnetic Field on Carbon Steel." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.353.

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The current research explores the effect of alternating magnetic field on corrosion rate and products compositions of 45 steel, by use of electrochemical test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The calculated inhibition efficiency of the alternating magnetic field based on electrochemical corrosion rate is up to 16.66%. Electrochemical corrosion morphology and surface products were also discussed. The surface of specimen is uniform and compact in magnetized sea water relation to that in 3.5% NaCl solution and sea water. The corrosion products of 45 steel in sea water are FeCl2•4H2O, Fe(OH)3 and FeOOH. However, the corrosion products of 45 steel in magnetized sea water are FeOOH, Fe3O4 and FeCl3•6H2O chiefly.

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9

Yuli Rizky Ananda Nasution, Sri Hermawan, and Rosdanelli Hasibuan. "PENENTUAN EFISIENSI INHIBISI REAKSI KOROSI BAJA MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L)." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 1, no. 2 (December 25, 2012): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v1i2.1418.

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Garcinia mangostana peel extract is a natural inhibitor that can be used to inhibit the corrosion reaction rate. This research begins by extracting Garcinia Mangostana pods by maceration followed by evaporation and extracts used as the inhibitor with concentration 600, 800 and 1000 ppm, with the test sample of corrosion is steel 1 × 2 cm with the thickness is 0,1 cm and corrosive medias are sea water, rain water and sulfuric acid 1 M. The highest inhibition efficiency generated is 99,22% with ethanol solvent at concentration of 800 ppm inhibitor in rain water corrosive media; which means that Garcinia mangostana peel extract more efficiently used in rain water corrosive media.

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Srisungsitthisunti, Pornsak, Siriporn Daopiset, and Noparat Kanjanaprayut. "Crevice Corrosion of Duplex Stainless Steels by Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization and Potentiostatic Techniques." Key Engineering Materials 728 (January 2017): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.728.123.

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Crevice corrosions of duplex stainless steels were investigated under the aggressive condition of sea water pumps in offshore petroleum platforms. The study aims to compare crevice corrosion behavior of three grades of duplex stainless steels, UNS S32101 (2101), UNS S31803 (2205) and UNS S32750, in seawater with 200 ppm of hypochlorite. Duplex steels were compared with a widely used austenitic steel UNS S31603 (316). Specimens were tested under synthetic sea water prepared at pH4, pH6 and pH8 by the cyclic potentiodynamics polarization technique and the potentiostatic technique. The results show that the duplex stainless steels had higher corrosion resistance compared with the 316. The released charges and the corrosion rates of the 2101 and the 2205 were similar, but much lower than those of the 2507especially after 3 months period.

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11

Astley, D. J., and J. C. Rowlands. "Modelling of bimetallic corrosion in sea water systems." British Corrosion Journal 20, no. 2 (January 1985): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000705985798272858.

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12

Vettegren, V. I., A. Ya Bashkarev, K. G. Danchukov, and G. I. Morozov. "The kinetics of steel corrosion in sea water." Technical Physics Letters 29, no. 1 (January 2003): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1544351.

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13

Sefaja, J., and J. Malina. "Electrochemical aspects of steel corrosion in sea water." Surface Technology 26, no. 4 (December 1985): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90100-1.

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14

Alawi, H., A. Ragab, and M. Shaban. "Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth of Steels in Various Environments." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 111, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3226431.

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Corrosion fatigue crack growth of three steels namely: AISI C1018, AISI 4340, and Stainless 17-7PH is studied in various environments. Testing medias include natural sea water, polluted sea water from an industrial site, drinking water produced from desalination process, and laboratory environments. Results obtained for the three steels are consistent in showing that polluted sea water is the most aggressive environment followed by low bicarbonate and alkalinity drinking water, then natural sea water. An attempt is made to explain this extraordinary aggressiveness of the polluted sea water and drinking water.

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15

Usman, Naja’atu Auwal, Usman Muhammad Tukur, and Bishir Usman. "Comparative study on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in effluents, sea and fresh water." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i1.43s.

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The corrosion rate of mild steel behavior exposed to effluents (EF), sea water (SW) and fresh water (FW) were study using weight loss, scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM) and x-rays diffraction (XRD). The results show that the weight loss of mild steel in different water samples increases with increasing in immersion time and temperature respectively. The corrosion rate of water was found to be higher in sea water (0.003g cm2 week-2), effluents (0.021g cm-2 week-2) and fresh water (0.020g cm-2 week-2) respectively. The corrosion rate and behaviour of mild steel in the water sample were affected by some physical and chemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, conductivity and biological oxygen demand (BOD). Effluents (EF) were found to have pH (5.20), turbidity (13.3nut), conductivity (4203µs/cm) and BOD (0.119mg/dm3). Sea water (SW) were found to have pH (7.60), turbidity (173nut), conductivity (30800µs/cm) and BOD (0.028mg/dm3). Fresh water (FW) were found to have pH (7.60), turbidity (127nut), conductivity (419µs/cm) and BOD (0.651mg/dm3). Similarly, the presences of elements such as chloride ion (Cl-), Fe, Ba, Br, S, La, Nb and Mo from XRF confirm that the corrosion rate is higher in sea water. SEM microgram revealed that corrosion rates of EF, SW and FW were of different nature, both the samples have rough surface with various cracks after immersion. This clearly shows that the sea water has the highest corrosion products follow by effluent than fresh water sample. Both the weight loss and corrosion rate increases as the immersion time and temperature increases. Keywords: Corrosion rate, Mild steel, Weight loss, AAS, SEM, XRF, Immersion Time, Temperature

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16

Perez Mora, Ruben, Gonzalo Domínguez Almaraz, Thierry Palin-Luc, Claude Bathias, and José Luis Arana. "Very High Cycle Fatigue Analysis of High Strength Steel with Corrosion Pitting." Key Engineering Materials 449 (September 2010): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.449.104.

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This work deals with very high cycle fatigue tests on high strength steel subject to the corrosive action of salt solution. Tests were carried out at constant load ratio R = -1 on corrosion treated and non-treated specimens and sea water flow specimens of R5 steel, which according to an International Classification Society of offshore systems is steel graded with the highest ultimate tensile strength to manufacture mooring chains and accessories intended to position mooring applications such as mooring of mobile offshore units, mooring of floating production units and mooring of offshore loading systems. Fatigue endurance on pre-corroded specimens was quite dispersed but with a mean value of 360 MPa, whereas for the non corroded specimens the fatigue endurance was located between 420 MPa at 105 - 106 cycles, and 380 MPa at 109 cycles. Concerning the sea water flow specimens, important increase in fatigue life is observed in reducing the applied load. Dispersion on fatigue endurance for the pre-corroded and sea water flow specimens was related to the complex process of corrosion on the specimen surface; nevertheless, the resulting pitting holes were associated to fracture origin in these specimens. Furthermore, fatigue failure origin was systematically localized at a circular, elliptical or irregular surface pitting hole formed during the corrosion process; special attention was focused on the pitting holes related to fatigue failure. Finite element results were obtained for the hemispherical voids placed on the specimen surface in order to determine the corresponding stress concentration; these results were associated with the real fracture origin pitting holes observed on specimens with pre-corrosion and sea water flow corrosion. Finally, some conclusions were obtained concerning pitting holes, stress concentration and fatigue life for the pre-corroded and sea water flow corroded specimens.

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Liu, Zhen Guang, Xiu Hua Gao, Lin Xiu Du, Jian Ping Li, and Ping Ju Hao. "Early Corrosion Behavior of Pipeline Steel Containing 1% Cr in Sea Water Environment." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.773.

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The corrosion behavior of pipeline steel containing 1%Cr is studied by using immersion experiment. The corrosion rust is characteried with macroscopic/microscopic surface morphology, corrosion kinetics and corrosion phases. The results demonstrate that the main corrosion products are lepidocrocite and goethite, Cr-rich compound consists of the inner layer. The corrosion process could be divided into three stages. At stage 1, the corrosion rate decreases fast, and the distributed corrosion products are formed. At stage 2, the granular corrosion products appear on coupons surface gradually, and a plain corrosion rate is obtained. At stage 3, a compact and dense corrosion layer attaches to coupons surface, and corrosion rate decreases mildly.

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Moniruzzaman, Md, Md Mohar Ali Bepari, M. Merajul Haque, and S. Alam Limon. "CORROSION OF GALVANIZED STEEL AND COPPER IN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 43, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v43i2.17828.

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Corrosion test of galvanized steel and copper (Cu) has been carried out in three different aqueousenvironments e.g. 5% NaCl solution, sea water and rain water by immersion test technique. Corrosion rate ismeasured in mdd (mg/dm2/day) unit. Corrosion characteristics of the corroded samples are investigated by XRD,XRF and SEM analysis. Irrespective of the exposure duration, Cu is seen better corrosion resistant thangalvanized steel in 5% NaCl solution. Cu corrosion behavior is similar in 5% NaCl solution and the sea wateras well. Formation of protective Cu2O scale on Cu surface is believed to decrease its corrosion rate withincreasing exposure time both in 5% NaCl solution and sea water. Pitting corrosion occurs on Cu surface. Forvery short time exposure Cu is more corrosion resistant but galvanized steel becomes more useful than Cu forlonger exposure in rain water.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v43i2.17828

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Liu, Yong, Xing Hua Tong, Bao Guo Li, Yan Gang Wang, and Lin Sen Zhu. "Study on Accelerated Corrosion Electrochemical Behavior of Q235B Steel in Sea Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.40.

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In order to study the corrosion behavior of Q235B steel in seawater at Weihai, the indoor simulated and accelerated corrosion test is carried out by adding H2O2 in seawater. Tafel polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques are employed to investigate the corrosion electrochemical behavior of Q235B steel. Polarization curves and EIS are acquired by electrochemical workstation. From polarization curves, it is found that the corrosion rate rises rapidly during the initial period, and it becomes highest on the 3rd day, then drops, and tends to be stable after about 15 days. After that, the corrosion rate reduces slowly due to the covering effect of corrosion products, and then the conclusion is confirmed by EIS analysis. Analytical results indicate that the rust layer plays a positive role of hindering the corrosion process.

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Hosoya, Yuji, Tadashi Shinohara, Shin-ichi Motoda, and Wataru Oshikawa. "Effect of Thickness of Water Film on Atmospheric Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.221.

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Atmospheric corrosion for carbon steel was discussed with taking notice of the relation between the corrosion rate, CR, and the thickness of adsorbed water film, d, onto deposited sea salt. Amount of water adsorbed onto sea salt was measured under various conditions of amount of deposited sea salt, Ws, and relative humidity, RH. Derived concentration of the solution film was compared with that calculated thermodynamically. Corrosion amount of carbon steel specimens exposed for a month under various Ws and RH was measured and CR along with d were obtained for each condition. The relations of CR to d had the same tendency as is found on “moist corrosion” and “wet corrosion” in Tomashov’s model; However, it showed a maximum CR = 0.29mm/y at d = 56µm, thicker than that reported by Tomashov.

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Handani, Sri, and Megi Septia Elta. "PENGARUH INHIBITOR EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA TERHADAP KOROSI BAJA KARBON SCHEDULE 40 GRADE B ERW DALAM MEDIUM AIR LAUT DAN AIR TAWAR." Jurnal Riset Kimia 5, no. 2 (March 18, 2012): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v5i2.219.

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The inhibition effect of Carica papaya leaves exctract on the corrosion of carbon steel schedule 40 grade B ERW in fresh and sea water medium was investigated using weight loss method of monitoring a corrosion rate. The leaves were dried and ground to powder. The extract concentration used was 15%. The inhibition efficiency of 78,49% and 78,63% was obtained in fresh and sea water, respectively. The obtained results indicated that Carica papaya leaves exctract could be used as inhibitor against the corrosion of medium carbon steel in both fresh and sea water.

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Praveena, Josephath, Somasundaram Gowri, Gunasekaran Nethravathi, Vincent Varsha, Arockiasamy Vieyana, Susai Rajendran, Dorothy Rajendran, Thankappan Sasilatha, and Antony Amalraj. "Inhibition of corrosion of SS 18/8 alloy is sea water by Thiourea-Zn2+ system." Zastita materijala 62, no. 3 (2021): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2103191j.

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The corrosion resistance of SS 18/8 in natural sea water, in presence of an inhibitor named Thiourea-Zn2+ has been evaluated. Weight loss method, polarization study and AC impedance spectra have been employed to evaluate the corrosion resistance of SS 18/8 alloy in natural sea water, in presence of an inhibitor named Thiourea-Zn2+ system. Weight loss method reveals that Thiourea-Zn2+ system offers a maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency of 95% in controlling corrosion of SS 18/8 alloy in natural sea water. Synergism parameters are found to be greater than 1, confirming the synergistic effect existing between Thiourea-Zn2+. Adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the metal surface obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Polarisation study reveals that the inhibitors named Thiourea-Zn2+ system functions as mixed type of inhibitor. AC impedance spectra confirm the formation of a protective film on the metal surface. This formulation of Thiourea-Zn2+ may be used in cooling water systems where SS 18/8 alloy pipelines are used to carry sea water which is used as coolant. Also, Thiourea-Zn2+ coating can be given on SS 18/8 alloy to protect it from corrosion by sea water when SS 18/8 alloy is used as hull plates in ship industry.

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Al-Moubaraki, Aisha H., and Hind H. Al-Rushud. "The Red Sea as a Corrosive Environment: Corrosion Rates and Corrosion Mechanism of Aluminum Alloys 7075, 2024, and 6061." International Journal of Corrosion 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2381287.

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Corrosion behavior of Al 7075, Al 2024, and Al 6061 in the Red Sea water was studied using weight loss (WL) measurements and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) technique. The corrosion patterns and corrosion products formed on Al alloys were characterized using optical photography (OP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that WL data were consistent with bimodal model rather than the power law function and the corrosion rates exhibit a continuous decrease with exposure time. The increasing order of the Red Sea corrosivity on the studied Al alloys can be given as follows: Al 6061 < Al 2024 < Al 7075. The results of temperature effect revealed that an increase in temperature resulted in an increase in both anodic and cathodic current density and a decrease in corrosion potential. Al 7075 was less influenced by temperature than the other alloys. Pitting corrosion was the predominant corrosion pattern detected on all Al alloy surfaces after prolonged immersion in the Red Sea water. The appearance of S peak in EDS spectra of Al 7075 after corrosion gives an indication of the contribution of bacteria in the corrosion process.

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Bui, Xuan Ba, Kharachenko U. V., and Beleneva I. A. "COMPARATIVE BEHAVIOUR OF CORROSION FOR CARBON STEEL IN NHATRANG BAY (VIETNAM) AND VLADIVOSTOK (RUSSIA) SEA WATER." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2011): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i1.1862.

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Comparative results of corrosion testing for carbon steel in natural conditions of Nhatrang Bay (East Sea, Vietnam) and Vladivostok (Russian Federation) sea water are presented. It is concluded, that corrosion of carbon mild steel in marine environment of Nhatrang Bay at normal seawater salinity is 1.5 to 2.5 times higher than that in Vladivostoc sea water conditions.

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Wey, George L. "CORROSION STUDIES OF STEEL PILING IN SEA WATER IN BOSTON HARBOR." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 3 (January 1, 2000): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v3.19.

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A vital problem which has resulted from our present economic justification of the use of steel piles in all of the Port's waterfront terminals is the corrosion of the piles in sea water. The selection of some type of steel piles was not made on the basis of greater resistance to fire and marine organisms, but for purely economic reasons. Timber piling has its marine borer problem, and steel has its corrosion. In this article there are three thoughts which I hope to convey to every engineer engaged in coastal engineering, namely: (1) Each project's corrosion consideration should be treated as a distinct and separate study in designing a pile-supported structure, based on investigation of adjacent local conditions. (2) There is nothing universal about the pattern or rate of corrosion to be expected; it is subject to many variables. (3) Provisions or measures to mitigate or eliminate corrosion should have economic justification consistent with the planned life expectancy of the study.

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Nayyef Farhan, Entesar. "g EFFECT OF VIBRATION-CORROSION ON ALUMINUM ALLOY(DIN1100) THAT WELDED BY TIG TECHNIQUE AND OPERATING IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT." IRAQI JOURNAL FOR MECHANICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 20, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32852/iqjfmme.v20i1.463.

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In this research studied the effect of corrosion in presence of vibration on aluminum alloy type (DIN1100) operating in sea water (3.5% NaCl) and compared these results with the same alloy after it was welded by TIG technique at the same vibrated corrosive medium, addition to study the corrosion in static medium for welded and non- welded alloy, then comparison between the four cases depending on corrosion rates and microstructures it was noted that ;the greatest percentage of corrosion rate was 43% of welded alloy at vibration-corrosion and least percentage of corrosion rate was 8% of non-welded alloy at static corrosion.

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Tan, Hai, Deguo Wang, and Yanbao Guo. "Investigation of graphene effect on the anti-corrosion behaviour of polyurethane coatings in sea-water." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 66, no. 6 (November 4, 2019): 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-01-2019-2054.

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Purpose Abundant oil and gas reservoirs in the deep-water are the valuable non-renewable energy sources. However, sea-water could enhance the corrosion of marine equipment such as submarine pipe trees. Various coatings, for example, polyurethane (PU) coatings are sprayed on the steel surfaces to enhance the anti-corrosion performance. Thus, to improve the anti-corrosion behavior of PU coatings in sea-water is imperative. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the corrosion behaviors of 4130 carbon steel with and without PU coatings were discussed by electrochemical mean in sea-water. And the graphene additive in different concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 per cent) were also studied. A series of characterized methods were introduced to identify the anti-corrosion performances of 4130 carbon steel with and without coatings, respectively. Findings The results showed that the anti-corrosion property of 4130 carbon steel can enhance obviously with the PU coatings. The graphene additive can further improve the anti-corrosion behaviour of PU coatings and in the concentration of 0.6 per cent the PU/graphene coatings worked best. Originality/value This is beneficial for enhancing the service life of marine equipment in an eco-friendly method.

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Alkhimenko, A. A., I. E. Kolyushev, A. A. Kharkov, N. O. Shaposhnikov, and A. S. Tsvetkov. "Corrosion resistance of steel piling supports in sea water." Corrosion: Materials, Protection, no. 2 (2020): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1813-7016-2020-0-2-16-20.

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Zohdy, K. M., M. M. Sadawy, and M. Ghanem. "Corrosion behavior of leaded-bronze alloys in sea water." Materials Chemistry and Physics 147, no. 3 (October 2014): 878–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.06.033.

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Al‐Abdallah, M. M. "Corrosion of titanium and zircalloy in Dead Sea water." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 43, no. 1 (January 1996): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb007384.

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Parida, M., S. P. Nanda, and S. C. Mishra. "Sea water corrosion behavior of plasma sprayed abradable coatings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 178 (February 2017): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/178/1/012018.

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Malik, A. U., S. Basu, I. N. Andijani, N. A. Siddiqi, and S. Ahmad. "Corrosion of Ni-Resist cast irons in sea water." British Corrosion Journal 28, no. 3 (January 1993): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000705993798318614.

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Parida, M., S. P. Nanda, S. K. Bhuyan, and S. C. Mishra. "Sea water Corrosion of Nickel based Plasma Spray Coating." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 338 (March 2018): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/338/1/012051.

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Rashidi, A. M., M. Packnezhad, M. Moshrefi-Torbati, and F. C. Walsh. "Erosion–corrosion synergism in an alumina/sea water nanofluid." Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 17, no. 1 (October 31, 2013): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10404-013-1282-x.

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Li, Haixu, Hao Yu, Tao Zhou, Baoliang Yin, Shaojiang Yin, and Yanling Zhang. "Effect of tin on the corrosion behavior of sea-water corrosion-resisting steel." Materials & Design 84 (November 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.121.

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Ma, Qing Guo, Xue Li Zhang, and Li Hua Han. "Synthesis Research of Corrosion Inhibitor Similar to Polyepoxysuccinic Acid for Carbon Steel in Sea Water." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.192.

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A green corrosion inhibitor similar to polyepoxysuccinic acid is synthesized by using maleic anhydride and sodium allylsulfonate as raw material. The molecular structure is characterized by IR spectra. The efficiency of an environmental-friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in sea water is researched through method of weight loss. This new corrosion inhibitor is a mixture of multipolymer, Zn2+ and HEDP. The efficiency of the corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in the sea water is 97.68%, when the concentration of multipolymer is 50mg/L, Zn2+ is 4mg/L, HEDP is 10mg/L. The surface of carbon steel is investigated by electron microscopy after the experiment of corrosion, and the mechanism of corrosion inhibitor is discussed.

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Wang, Yan Gang, Xing Hua Tong, Yong Jiang, Yong Liu, and Lin Sen Zhu. "Research on Corrosion Characteristics of Mild Steel in Sea Water at Weihai." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.31.

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The corrosion characteristics of mild steel in real sea water are investigated by electrochemical test in this paper. Polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are got by electrochemical workstation. From polarization curves, it is found that the corrosion rate rises at the initial period, and it becomes the highest on the 3rd day, then drops, and it tends to be stable after about 15 days, which is confirmed by EIS. In addition, the experiments also show that the corrosion layer can suppress the corrosion process. The electrochemical corrosiveness of the mild steel is analyzed in this study, and it lays a foundation for anticorrosion technology research.

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Delmotte, Edward, Nahuel Micone, and Wim De Waele. "Testing methodologies for corrosion fatigue." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 6, no. 3 (October 7, 2015): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v6i3.1130.

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Offshore constructions are subjected to cyclic loading conditions. This situation is combined with the corrosive nature of the surrounding environment. It is of actual concern whether the combined effect ismore damaging or not than the superposition of each effect independently. This literature review first introduces the reader to corrosion fatigue. Thereafter a critical comparison of some typical lab-scale fatigue corrosion test setups is given. Special emphasis is devoted to the instrumentation of the setup. This is followed by a design criteria summary which will be used to design a new corrosion fatigue test set-up for evaluating the fatigue properties of steel components in sea water environment.

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Shi-de, Ma, Li Yan-tao, Huang Xiu-ming, Zheng Guo-an, Chang Wei, and Wu Pei-hui. "Corrosion and adherence at sea oil-platform." Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 13, no. 3 (September 1995): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02850527.

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40

Zhou, Xia, and Xi Kang Yan. "Research on Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Concrete (RC) Beams for the Corrosion by Sea Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 507 (January 2014): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.507.317.

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By way of the soaking and drying cycle test on the different mix proportions vertical section of 10 pieces of RC beams suffered artificial sea water (ASW) corrosion under0,35,70,105,140 times of dry-wet cycles, the compared result of exerting pressure test of these beams under simply supporting were investigated. The law about the changes of the mechanical performance for RC beams with different mix proportions under different time periods for suffering corrosion of dry-wet cycles was as follows: The resistibility to ASW corrosion for the concrete specimens with various water cement ratio (various initial strength) are different;The characters of normal section failure for RC beams attacked by sea water are about the same as that for ordinary RC beam; Along with the extension of the time for seawater attack, the bearing capacity for normal section of RC beams varies wave upon wave. The specimens attacked by seawater for about 35 times of corrosion cycle achieve minimum bearing capacity. KEYWORDS: reinforced concrete beam; sea water corrosion; bearing capacity;

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41

Beccaria, Anna M., and Gildo Poggi. "Analysis of admiralty brass corrosion products in sea water and brackish water." Analyst 111, no. 8 (1986): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9861100959.

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42

Khodabux, Waseem, Paul Causon, and Feargal Brennan. "Profiling Corrosion Rates for Offshore Wind Turbines with Depth in the North Sea." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 2518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102518.

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Corrosion in the marine environment is a complex and expensive form of damage. It is commonly studied by the deployment of coupons that reflect the marine corrosion a structure will experience, thus allowing design and maintenance prevention strategies to be developed accordingly. This study stems from the lack of information in the literature regarding the profiling of corrosion with respect to marine depth in the North Sea where important wind farm developments have been undertaken. To address such issue a field experiment has been designed and carried out in the vicinity of the Westermost Rough Windfarm in the North Sea. The field experiment consists of deploying steel S355 coupons below the tidal area and capturing the effects of corrosion, the mass loss from which the corrosion rate is derived and the chemical products that makes up the rust with water depth. The study involves proper planning and logistics to ensure that the field experiment survives the rough conditions of the North Sea for a duration of 111 days. A high corrosion rate of 0.83 mm/year has been observed in this experiment. This paper goes into the details of the deployment blueprint employed and the analyses of the coupons to provide a conclusive observation and modelling of corrosion with respect to water depth under free or open sea water corrosion condition.

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Nergis, Diana Petronela Burduhos, Carmen Nejneru, Dumitru Doru Burduhos Nergis, Cristian Savin, Andrei Victor Sandu, Stefan Lucian Toma, and Costica Bejinariu. "The Galvanic Corrosion Behavior of Phosphated Carbon Steel Used at Carabiners Manufacturing." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.1.6885.

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The carabiners are metallic links used to quickly connect the components of personal fall arrest equipment. Because these systems are used in corrosive environments, the carabiners must possess good corrosion resistance properties. In order to improve these properties, a phosphate layer was chemically deposited by converting on the carabiner material surface. This paper presents the microscopic analysis of the phosphated layer and the galvanic corrosion behavior of phosphated carbon steel, coupled to duralumin and initial carbon steel. Corrosion resistance has been studied for Black Sea water and fire extinguishing solution.

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Ahmad, Zuliahani, Hasniraaiman, Munirah Onn, Ahmad Faiza Mohamad, Muhamad Adib Ikhwan, and Nurul Fatehah. "Various Size of Glass Fiber Treated Silane Coupling Agent in Epoxy Primer Coating: Corrosion Behaviour." Materials Science Forum 947 (March 2019): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.947.137.

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The epoxy primer coatings with various size of treated glass fiber was successfully developed using hand brushing technique on carbon steel plate. The glass fibers used were treated with silane coupling agent, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane. The Fourier Transform-Infared Spectroscopy (FTIR) affirmed the presence of silanol group at 1221.12cm-1 .Hence, the primer coating was prepared with three different sizes of treated glass fiber (45, 150, and 250 μm) and the corrosive properties has been studied. The corrosion rate was determined using Tafel plot and the immersion test was done in 3.5% NaCl and sea water for 9 days. Formulation of epoxy resin-GF-45μm displayed the optimum size to reduce the corrosion rate of epoxy primer coatings at 8.3713 mm/year and polarization resistance was the highest at 107.48Ω which indicates that epoxy coating have higher resistance towards corrosion, coating adherence and there was formation of more protective film on steel.Whilst immersion in 3.5% NaCl solution and sea water followed the same trend with 45 μm exhibited the less corrosive behavior for 9 days exposure. When the solution penetrated into the coating, the ultra-short glass fibers prevent the water from permeating and prolong the water diffusion path. Thus, it provided good anti-corrosive properties for formulation 2 at 45μm GF. In conclusion, the size of GF plays an important role in determining the corrosive behavior of epoxy primer coatings. The optimum size of GF at 45 μm proved to diminish the corrosiveness of carbon steel plate.

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Hassan, Khairia S., Yusra M. Alamran, and Huda M. Abdulaziz. "INVESTIGATION CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF DUCTILE CAST IRON WELD JOINT IN SEA WATER." IRAQI JOURNAL FOR MECHANICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 18, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32852/iqjfmme.vol18.iss1.65.

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Manual metal-arc welding was carried out for ductile cast iron under welding conditionsof (90) A DC current (DCEN) and 20 volts. Welding wire type E- Ni -Fe- CI in diameter of3.2mm was used and travel speed of 7 inch /min and welded through two passes. The weldjoined are examined using X-ray radiography, broken down joint are excepted. Corrosionspecimens prepared from free defects joints having measurements of (15*15*3) mmagreeing to ASTM G71-31. Then Optical microscopy was employed to detect the weldedjoint microstructure and base metal. Micro hardness was implemented using Vickers test.Corrosion examinations are conducted using electrochemical potential state chamber inequipped (sea water 3.5% NaCl),Corrosion examination is achieved using potentiostaticpolarization dimensions in saltwater 3.5%NaCl at potential scan rate (+100-100 mv/sec) toestimate corrosion parameters by extrapolating. The corrosion rate was calculated by Tafelequation. The results of corrosion rate can be predicted using a mathematical model usingdata achieved from practical method and compare these results with the theoretical one,results show that corrosion rate for welded joint is more than the base metal because of thechange in metal microstructure during welding process.

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Shikshak, Abd Alrahim Al, Abd Alhakem Mansour, and A. Taher. "Effect of Flow Velocity of Sea Water on Corrosion Rate of Low Carbon Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.232.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the corrosion rate of low carbon steel in saline environment. The influence of variety of conditions that represent the actual conditions in practice such as the flow velocity and solution composition, particularly Na+, Cl-and SO4-2, content were performed. Weight loss test of low carbon steel in the lab was conducted to determine the corrosion rate data in stagnant and flowing seawater for comparison to investigate the effect of flow velocity of sea water on the corrosion behavior of the low carbon steel. Results show that the corrosion rate of low carbon steel is increased by increasing the flow of seawater, but at very high velocities the corrosion rate was recorded to be decreased. XRD results show that the corrosion products contain both Fe2O3and FeO(OH).

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47

Singh, Ajay K., and Suman Lata. "Effect of Host Media on Microbial Influenced Corrosion due to Desulfovibrio desulfuricans." Advanced Materials Research 647 (January 2013): 783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.783.

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Present paper presents study on microbial induced corrosion (MIC) on stainless steels due to Desulfovibrio desulfuricans in different host media e.g. inoculated modified Baar’s media, sodium chloride solution and artificial sea water in anaerobic conditions. Electrochemical polarization and immersion tests were performed for estimating corrosion attack. Corrosion was observed maximum in case of exposure to sea water followed by NaCl solution, both having sulfide and chloride whereas stainless steel exposed to Baar’s media, having sulfide, showed minimum attack. Tendency of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to bind metal ions is found to be responsible for governing the extent of corrosion attack.

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Yan, Xi Kang, Xiang Shang Chen, and Pei Chen. "Study on Mechanical Property of Reinforced Concrete (RC) Beams under Sea Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.355.

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By way of the soaking and drying cycle test on the different mix proportions vertical section of 10 pieces of RC beams suffered artificial sea water (ASW) corrosion under0,35,70,105,140 times of dry-wet cycles, the compared result of exerting pressure test of these beams under simply supporting were investigated. The law was as follows: The resistibility to ASW corrosion for the concrete specimens with various water cement ratio (various initial strength) are different;The characters of normal section failure for RC beams attacked by sea water are about the same as that for ordinary RC beam; Along with the extension of the time for seawater attack, the bearing capacity for normal section of RC beams varies wave upon wave. The specimens attacked by seawater for about 35 times of corrosion cycle achieve minimum bearing capacity.

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Aromaa, Jari, and Olof Forsén. "Factors Affecting Corrosion in Gulf of Finland Brackish Water." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3720280.

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The Baltic Sea is a relatively shallow inland sea surrounded by the countries of North-Eastern Europe and Scandinavia. The brackish water in the Baltic Sea has low salt concentration and it is typically one-sixth of the ocean seawater. The “nominal” amount of dissolved solids, upon which formulae for artificial seawater are based, is about 34,500 ppm, of which most is sodium chloride. The major constituents are those whose concentrations are greater than 1 mg/L and are not greatly affected by biological processes. The ratio of concentrations of these ions and molecules to each other is relatively constant. Corrosion rates were determined in long-term tests in Gulf of Finland brackish water off Helsinki. The water temperature varies through the year from about 0°C in January to 15-16°C in June to August. Salinity is 4–6‰, highest at the end of summer and lowest when ice melts. pH is between 7.0 and 8.1. Weight loss tests from one- to four-year tests for steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminium, zinc, and galvanized steel are reported and compared to short term laboratory tests in artificial seawater. Tests for passivation rates and crevice corrosion for stainless steel are discussed in terms of environment variation. The effect of corrosion on strength of steel is also discussed.

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Li, Shi Jie, Lu Ming Wang, and Xiao Feng. "Effect of (NaPO₃)₆ on Sea Water Corrosion Resistance of Micro-Arc Oxidation Ceramic Coatings Formed on Pure Aluminum." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 1259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.1259.

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(NaPO3)6 was added to Na2SiO3-KOH electrolyte system ,and in-situ ceramic membranes were prepared on pure aluminum by micro-arc oxidation technique. The composition and structure of the micro-arc oxidation ceramic layer and the influence on the performance of the corrosion resistant to sea water were studied through the scanning electron microscopy,X ray diffraction and electrochemical polarization curve method.The results show that the ceramic membrane formed in electrolyte containing (NaPO3)6 indicate a considerable increase in coating compactness and bond strength.The dynamic potential polarization curves in simulation sea water show that adding proper (NaPO3)6 can increase the ability to resistant the sea water corrosion.When the mass concentration is 2g/L,the corrosion resistant to sea water is the best.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sea water corrosion'

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