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Journal articles on the topic 'Seal and zoogeography'
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1
Sigler, Michael F., Franz J. Mueter, Bodil A. Bluhm, et al. "Late summer zoogeography of the northern Bering and Chukchi seas." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 135 (January 2017): 168–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.03.005.
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Vdovina, O. N., and D. M. Bezmaternykh. "Zoogeographical composition of macroinvertebrates in low-mountain lakes of the Russian Altai." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 4 (March 20, 2024): 232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2404-01.
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In 2022 the taxonomic and zoogeographic composition of the macrozoobenthos of six lowland lakes of the Russian Altai: Aya, Beloe, Kireevo, Kolyvanskoe, Koksha and Svetloye was investigated. In the studied lakes 156 species of zoobenthos from 9 classes of invertebrates were identified. The largest number of species is characteristic of the insect class. Chironomids and oligochaetes dominated in terms of frequency of occurrence in the lakes. Of the oligochaetes, the family Tubificidae (68%) was more frequently observed. Tubificidae (68%), chironomids — subfamilies Chironominae (91%) and Tanypodinae (66%). The maximum species diversity of zoobenthos was observed in lakes Beloe (81 species) and Koksha (76 species), the least number of species was found in lakes Aya (41 species) and Kireevo (52 species). Lakes Beloe — Kireevo — Kolyvanskoe and Koksha — Svetloye are the most similar in composition of benthic invertebrates. The most original was the taxonomic composition of the deepest lake Aya. According to the taxonomic composition of the fauna of bottom invertebrates, most lakes (Aya, Beloe, Kireevo, Kolyvanskoe) were closer to plain water bodies, two lakes (Koksha, Svetloe) combined features of both plain and mountain lakes. Zoogeographic analysis of the fauna of benthic invertebrates of foothill lakes revealed 12 types of distribution. Holarctic (39%), Palaearctic (23%) and Western Palaearctic species (21%) were predominant in the lake fauna. Comparative analysis of the fauna of the identified homotopic and heterotopic species showed that the most extensive areas are found only among homotopic primary aquatic archaic taxa. Zoogeographic analysis of the studied lakes indicate their proximity to the border of the Western and Eastern Palearctic.
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Cronin, Thomas M., and Noriyuki Ikeya. "The Omma-Manganji ostracod fauna (Plio-Pleistocene) of Japan and the zoogeography of circumpolar species." Journal of Micropalaeontology 6, no. 2 (1987): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.6.2.65.
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Abstract. The Omma-Manganji fauna of Japan signifies a time during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene when arctic-subarctic species migrated far south of their present geographic range in response to oceanographic changes. Omma-Manganji deposits exposed on Hokkaido, northern Honshu, and Sado Islands yielded about 224 species of marine Ostracoda. At least 26 are circumpolar species known previously from Arctic seas off the British Isles, eastern North America, Scandinavia and Europe, comprising between 14 and 47% of the ostracod assemblage in eight of ten formations studied. The 26 circumpolar species and 21 other western Pacific cryophilic species are illustrated and their distribution in Japanese deposits is discussed.
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Andersen, Nils Møller, and Tom A. Weir. "The marine Haloveliinae (Hemiptera:Veliidae) of Australia, New Caledonia and southern New Guinea." Invertebrate Systematics 13, no. 2 (1999): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it97034.
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Water striders (Hemiptera, Gerromorpha) are common inhabitants of aquatic habitats throughout the world. More than 150 species representing five families have colonised the marine environment, chiefly coastal areas of tropical seas in habitats with a strong tidal influence. The Australian fauna of marine water striders is particularly diverse and species-rich, comprising about 30 species. The present paper deals with the marine Haloveliinae (Veliidae) of Australia, New Caledonia and southern New Guinea. They are classified in two genera, Xenobates Esaki and Halovelia Bergroth. Xenobates mangrove, ovatus, major and spinoides (Queensland), X. lansburyi and chinai (Northern Territory), and X. caudatus (southern Papua New Guinea) are described as new. X. myorensis (Lansbury), X. angulanus (Polhemus) and X. loyaltiensis (China) comb. nov. are redescribed. Descriptive notes are presented for the five species of Halovelia recorded from Australia. Keys to adults of all species are provided and their distributions mapped. Finally, we discuss the zoogeography and ecology of the marine Haloveliinae of Australia.
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Vereshchaka, Tamara V., Olga V. Kulagina, and A. L. Stepanchenko. "Fauna on the maps of Russia and its Arctic Region." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-383-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Awareness of the importance of ever-growing environmental problems implies the need to study the relationship of biological, social, anthropogenic systems with nature. The environment of life is a complex multicomponent system and each of the components is a factor determining the state of the others, since all of them are interconnected with each other. Indicators of the state of ecological-geographical systems are organisms that create a biological environment, which requires the acquisition of relevant knowledge, including knowledge related to the field of zoology and zoogeography.</p><p>The authors have developed two new zoogeographic maps with elements of ecology. The first is the “<i>Zoogeographic Map of Russia</i>”(1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;25&amp;thinsp;000&amp;thinsp;000) in the forthcoming edition of the Geographical atlas for secondary school teachers. The second is the “<i>Animal world of the Russian Arctic Region (mammals)</i>”(1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;12&amp;thinsp;000&amp;thinsp;000) &amp;ndash; a scientific map for the electronic edition of the National Atlas of the Arctic. Further, the principles of design and methods for creating these maps are revealed.</p><p>Approaches to the design of the educational “<i>Zoogeographic Map of Russia</i>” are based on the analysis of work programs that follow the Federal State Educational Standard. According to the requirements of these documents, pupils should know the animal population of Russia, the animal world of the native land, the natural zones of the country, altitudinal zoning, they should be able to give examples of the most indicative representatives of the natural zones, explain the species diversity of the animal world, know its taxonomy, and measures for protection. The guidelines for map design are proposed in accordance with these requirements and implemented in the author's original image (fig. 1).</p><p>The thematic content of the map is based on the scientific systematics of the animal world. It covers the fauna of land, seas and sea coasts, and freshwater reservoirs. The map has a significant novelty and greater informative capacity in comparison with similar publications and a purpose surpassing the educational application. Selection of vertebrate animals includes not only mammals and birds, but also amphibians, cyclostomes, fishes and cetaceans. The image of the continental fauna is linked with the conditions of its habitat—natural zones, their parts, geographic areas with the identification of endemic and animals listed in the Red Book of Russia. The author's original is placed on two pages, of which map legend occupies a separate page in landscape format (fig. 2). It includes almost complete description of animals of all natural zones.</p><p>The concept of the scientific map “<i>Animal world of the Russian Arctic Region (mammals)</i>” means defining the position of mammals in the organic world system, with animals being hierarchically differentiated from kingdom to species &amp;ndash; the basic unit of life forms system and the basic taxonomic element of mapping. Unlike most zoogeographical maps, displaying only land animals, the Arctic marine mammals are also the target of research and mapping. Further, the display of the relation between animals and their habitat landscape types (plain and mountain) is introduced into the map concept. The matrix form of the legend shown in the figure 3 with the map tile is subject to coverage of the variety of land animals. Both land animals and marine animals listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and regional Red Data Books of Russia highlighted on the map. The total of 85 mammal species of the unique Arctic Regions is listed on the map.</p><p>The results of performed mapping studies are essential for evolution of knowledge about the nature of Russia and its regions and for biodiversity conservation of vertebrate animals.</p>
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Monchenko, V. J. "The Ponto–Caspian Zoogeographic complex of Cyclopoida in the Caspian, Azov and Black Seas." Journal of Marine Systems 15, no. 1-4 (1998): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-7963(97)00090-0.
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Beli, Elena, Giorgio Aglieri, Francesca Strano, et al. "The zoogeography of extant rhabdopleurid hemichordates (Pterobranchia : Graptolithina), with a new species from the Mediterranean Sea." Invertebrate Systematics 32, no. 1 (2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is17021.
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The early origin and evolutionary radiation of graptolites (Hemichordata:Pterobranchia) is a story told almost entirely in the fossil record, but for four extant species of the genus Rhabdopleura Allman, 1869. Here we report the discovery of a fifth species, Rhabdopleura recondita, sp. nov., at a depth range of 2–70m from the Adriatic and Ionian Seas, always associated with bryozoans in coralligenous habitats. This is the first pterobranch record in Italian waters, and the second in the Mediterranean Sea. The new species is characterised by: (1) tubaria with smooth creeping tubes adherent to the inside of empty bryozoan zooecia; (2) erect outer tubes with a graptolite, fusellar-like organisation; and (3) zooids that extend from a black stolon, which is free from the creeping tube. Each of the paired feeding arms has two rows of tentacles that do not extend to the arm tip. The distal ends of the arms, the collar and the cephalic shield are replete with black granules. Phylogenetic analyses of individual and concatenated gene sequences of mitochondrial 16S rDNA and nuclear 18S rDNA support the validity of R. recondita as a new species. Finally, we discuss the global biogeographic and habitat distributions of the extant Rhabdopleura representatives. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:82C6A51E-F8F4-44AF-AD8F-16873BE80D03
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Leidenberger, Sonja, Sven Boström, and Matthew Wayland. "Host records and geographical distribution of Corynosoma magdaleni, C. semerme and C. strumosum (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae)." Biodiversity Data Journal 8 (April 6, 2020): e50500. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e50500.
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A literature survey was conducted to investigate the host and geographical distribution patterns of three <i>Corynosoma</i> species (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae), <i>viz. C. magdaleni</i>, <i>C. semerme</i> and <i>C. strumosum</i>. All three species appear to be restricted to the Northern Hemisphere. Occurrence records of <i>C. magdaleni</i> are limited to the Northern Atlantic coasts, while <i>C. semerme</i> has a circumpolar distribution. The geographical range of <i>Corynosoma strumosum</i> encompasses the distributions of the other two species, but also extends into warmer southern regions. Some <i>Corynosoma</i> populations are living with their definitive hosts in very isolated locations, such as in the brackish Baltic Sea or different freshwater lakes (e.g. Lake Saimaa). All three species have a heteroxenous life cycle, comprising a peracaridan intermediate host, a fish paratenic host and a mammalian definitive host. Occasionally, an acanthocephalan may enter an accidental host, from which it is unable to complete its life cycle. The host records reported here are categorised by type, <i>i.e.</i> intermediate, paratenic, definitive or accidental. While most of the definitive hosts are shared amongst the three <i>Corynosoma</i> species, <i>C. strumosum</i> showed the broadest range of paratenic hosts, which reflects its more extensive geographical distribution. One aim of this study and extensive literature summary is to guide future sampling efforts and therewith contribute to throw more light on the on-going species and morphotype discussion for this interesting parasite species.
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VICENTE, CARLOS SAN. "Geographical and bathymetric distribution of mysids (Crustacea: Mysida) in the seas of the Iberian Peninsula." Zootaxa 4244, no. 2 (2017): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.2.1.
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The zoogeographic distribution of mysid species occurring in the diverse seas of the Iberian Peninsula and neighbouring areas is analysed. For each species, bathymetric range and localities data are reported. A total of 129 mysid species belonging to 50 genera have been recorded, representing 11% of all known world extant species and the 28% of genera. Littoral mysids are the most diverse group (64 species) followed by the outer-self to upper-bathyal slope with 54 known species. Patterns of bathymetric zonation are characterized by four bathymetric discontinuities at about 100, 500, 1300 and 2700 m. Each geographical region is characterized by the presence of a mixture of exclusive and shared species composition. Mysid distributions suggest that an important grouping of species present in the Iberian fauna share a common origin. Based on the analysis of published records and reported species, it is suggested that there is a high probability of the discovery of new species of Mysida in the water surrounding the Iberian Peninsula.
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Gutt, Julian, David Barnes, Susanne J. Lockhart, and de Putte Anton van. "Antarctic macrobenthic communities: A compilation of circumpolar information." Nature Conservation 4 (February 19, 2013): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.4.4499.
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Comprehensive information on Antarctic macrobenthic community structure has been publicly available since the 1960s. It stems from trawl, dredge, grab, and corer samples as well as from direct and camera observations (Table 1–2). The quality of this information varies considerably; it consists of pure descriptions, figures for presence (absence) and abundance of some key taxa or proxies for such parameters, e.g. sea-floor cover. Some data sets even cover a defined and complete proportion of the macrobenthos with further analyses on diversity and zoogeography. As a consequence the acquisition of data from approximately 90 different campaigns assembled here was not standardised. Nevertheless, it was possible to classify this broad variety of known macrobenthic assemblages to the best of expert knowledge (Gutt 2007; Fig. 1). This overview does not replace statistically sound community and diversity analyses. However, it shows from where which kind of information is available and it acts as an example of the feasibility and power of such data collections. The data set provides unique georeferenced biological basic information for the planning of future coordinated research activities, e.g. under the umbrella of the biology program “Antarctic Thresholds - Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptation” (AnT-ERA) of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and especially for actual conservation issues, e.g. the planning of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR).
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Ohtsuka, Susumu, and Geoffrey A. Boxshall. "Two new species of the genus Caligus (Crustacea, Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) from the Sea of Japan, with a note on the establishment of a new species group." ZooKeys 893 (December 2, 2019): 91–113. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.893.46923.
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Two new species of Caligus are described from the Japanese coast of the Sea of Japan. Caligus chinglonglini sp. nov. is based on a male specimen found in a plankton sample, whereas C. kajii sp. nov. was collected from the body surface of the host flathead Platycephalus sp. These two new species can be assigned to a distinct species group, the pseudorhombi group newly named and defined by the morphology of the genital complex in both sexes, and by the structure and armature of legs 2 and 4. The species group so far accommodates 19 species including these two new species. The morphology, host specificity and zoogeography of the species group are discussed herein and keys to species groups of Caligus and to species of the C. pseudorhombi species group are provided.
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Vereschaka, T. V., and O. V. Kulagina. "Zoogeographic Map of Russia in the Geographical Atlas for Teachers: principles of development and compilation." Geodesy and Cartography 940, no. 10 (2018): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-940-10-24-35.
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The principles of development and methods for creating a zoogeographic map of Russia in the forthcoming edition of the Geographical atlas for secondary school teachers in accordance with a project supported by the Russian Geographical Society are highlighted in the article. Approaches to the design of the map (as well as the concept of the entire atlas) are based on the analysis of work programs that follow the Federal State Educational Standard. According to the requirements of these documents, pupils are to know the animal population of Russia, the animal world of the native land, the natural zones of the country, altitudinal zoning, and be able to give examples of the most indicative representatives of the natural zones, explain the species diversity of the animal world, know its taxonomy, and measures for protection. The guidelines for map design are proposed in accordance with these requirements and implemented in the author’s original image. The thematic content of the map is based on the scientific systematics of the animal world. It covers the fauna of land, seas and sea coasts, and freshwater reservoirs. The image of the continental fauna is linked with the conditions of its habitat – natural zones, their parts, geographic areas with the identification of endemic and animals listed in the Red Book of Russia. Selection of vertebrate animals includes classes of amphibians, cyclostomes, cartilaginous, bony fishes and a detachment of cetaceans. The author’s original is placed on two pages, of which map legend occupies a separate page in landscape format. It includes almost complete description of animals of all natural zones. The methodological and technological aspects of mapping are instantiated. The work has a significant novelty and greater informative capacity in comparison with similar publications and a purpose surpassing the educational application.
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Pojeta, John, and Norman F. Sohl. "Ascaulocardium Armatum (Morton, 1833), New Genus (Late Cretaceous): The Ultimate Variation on the Bivalve Paradigm." Journal of Paleontology 61, S24 (1987): 1–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000061345.
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Cretaceous clavagellid pelecypods are a poorly known group, and have previously received little study. Ascaulocardium armatum is conchologically the most complex burrowing pelecypod known. From the study of living clavagellids, it is possible to interpret the various tubes extending outward from the adventitious crypt of A. armatum as devices for hydraulic burrowing and deposit feeding. The conchologically complex A. armatum occurs near the beginning of the history of the Clavagellidae, and does not seem to have given rise to any younger species. Ascaulocardium armatum is known only from the Upper Cretaceous rocks (Santonian–Maastrichtian) of the east Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains of the United States of America, as is probably the genus Ascaulocardium. All known Cretaceous clavagellids are burrowing species having a free right valve, and this is the ancestral mode of life of the Clavagellidae. Clavagellids that have a boring habit are a more recent evolutionary development, as are burrowing species having both juvenile valves cemented to the crypt. Clavagellids probably evolved from Jurassic–Early Cretaceous pholadomyids. Almost all Cretaceous clavagellids occur outside the Tethyan Zoogeographic Realm; this distribution is in marked contrast to the modern distribution of the family. Living species mostly inhabit clear, shallow seas in subtropical to tropical shelf areas.
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Artamonova, Valentina S., Ivan N. Bolotov, Maxim V. Vinarski, and Alexander A. Makhrov. "Fresh- and Brackish-Water Cold-Tolerant Species of Southern Europe: Migrants from the Paratethys That Colonized the Arctic." Water 13, no. 9 (2021): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091161.
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Analysis of zoogeographic, paleogeographic, and molecular data has shown that the ancestors of many fresh- and brackish-water cold-tolerant hydrobionts of the Mediterranean region and the Danube River basin likely originated in East Asia or Central Asia. The fish genera Gasterosteus, Hucho, Oxynoemacheilus, Salmo, and Schizothorax are examples of these groups among vertebrates, and the genera Magnibursatus (Trematoda), Margaritifera, Potomida, Microcondylaea, Leguminaia, Unio (Mollusca), and Phagocata (Planaria), among invertebrates. There is reason to believe that their ancestors spread to Europe through the Paratethys (or the proto-Paratethys basin that preceded it), where intense speciation took place and new genera of aquatic organisms arose. Some of the forms that originated in the Paratethys colonized the Mediterranean, and overwhelming data indicate that representatives of the genera Salmo, Caspiomyzon, and Ecrobia migrated during the Miocene from the region of the modern Caspian through the Araks Strait, which existed at that time. From the Ponto-Caspian and the Mediterranean regions, noble salmon, three-spined stickleback, European pearl mussel, seals, and mollusks of the genus Ecrobia spread to the Atlantic Ocean and colonized the Subarctic and Arctic regions of Europe and North America. Our study indicates that the area of the former Paratethys retains its significance as a center of origin of new species and genera and that it has been the starting point of migration “corridors” up to the present time.
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Çinar, Melih Ertan, Murat Bilecenoğlu, M. Baki Yokeş, et al. "Current status (as of end of 2020) of marine alien species in Turkey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0251086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251086.
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The 2020’s update of marine alien species list from Turkey yielded a total of 539 species belonging to 18 taxonomic groups, 404 of which have become established in the region and 135 species are casual. A total of 185 new alien species have been added to the list since the previous update of 2011. The present compilation includes reports of an ascidian species (Rhodosoma turcicum) new to the marine fauna of Turkey and range extensions of six species. Among the established species, 105 species have invasive characters at least in one zoogeographic region, comprising 19% of all alien species. Mollusca ranked first in terms of the number of species (123 species), followed by Foraminifera (91 species), Pisces (80 species) and Arthropoda (79 species). The number of alien species found in seas surrounding Turkey ranged from 28 (Black Sea) to 413 (Levantine Sea). The vectoral importance of the Suez Canal diminishes when moving from south to north, accounting for 72% of species introductions in the Levantine Sea vs. only 11% of species introductions in the Black Sea. Most alien species on the coasts of Turkey were originated from the Red Sea (58%), due to the proximity of the country to the Suez Canal. Shipping activities transported 39% of alien species, mainly from the Indo-Pacific area (20%) and the Atlantic Ocean (10%). Misidentified species (such as Pterois volitans, Trachurus declivis, etc.) and species those classified as questionable or cryptogenic were omitted from the list based on new data gathered in the last decade and expert judgements. The documented impacts of invasive species on socio-economy, biodiversity and human health in the last decade as well as the legislation and management backgrounds against alien species in Turkey are presented.
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Izmyatinsky, Denis V. "Description of ichthyofauna composition in the Japan Sea." Izvestiya TINRO 176, no. 1 (2014): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2014-176-93-99.
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Species composition of fish is decribed for the Japan Sea on the data of Pacific Fish.Res.Center (TINRO), Russia (about 10,000 bottom and pelagic research trawlings at the depth 5-750 m obtained in 1980-2005), National Fish.Res.Dev.Inst. (NFRDI), Rep.Korea (about 100 research cruises conducted since 1994 with trawling at the depth 30-2550 m), coastal fishery statistics, and cited data. All past revisions in the taxonomy are registered. Some general ecological and zoogeographical features of the Japan Sea are revealed. In total, 962 fish species dwell in the Japan Sea, and 738 of them (77 %) are registered in the EEZ of Russia and Korea. In the analyzed TINRO and NFRDI surveys, 419 fish species were found, mainly in research trawls (389) and patially only in commercial catches in coastal waters (30). On the other hand, 872 fish species (91 % of the total list) occur in the EEZ of Japan. The species belong to 42 orders (Perciformes absolutely dominates among them by number of species - 432) and 215 families (the most numerous are Cottidae - 51 species, Gobiidae - 48 species, and Stichaeidae - 41 species). From zoogeographic point of view, they have mostly tropical-subtropical (488 species), lowboreal-subtropical (210 species), and lowboreal Asian (128 species) origin; only 14 species are endemics of the Japan Sea, 17 species are endemics of the Japan and Okhotsk Seas, and 171 species are endemics of the southern part of the North-West Pacific (Japan Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and Pacific coast of Japan). The major part of fish species in the Japan Sea inhabit mainly sublittoral (28 %) and elittoral (28 %) biotopes; diversity of stenobathic species decreases both shoreward and toward the continental slope. Bottom (46 %) and near-bottom (26 %) species absolutely prevail over pelagic ones (20 %), whereas 8 % of the species are considered as bottom-pelagic ones.
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Häussermann, Verena, and Günter Försterra. "Distribution patterns of Chilean shallow-water sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia); with a discussion of the taxonomic and zoogeographic relationships between the actinofauna of the South East Pacific, the South West Atlantic and the Antarctic." Scientia Marina 69, S2 (2005): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2005.69s291.
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Paz, Ríos Carlos, and Pedro Ardisson. "Elasmopus yucalpeten sp. n. (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Maeridae) from the northern Yucatan coast, with a key for the genus in the Gulf of Mexico and biogeographic comments." Zoosystematics and Evolution 90, no. (2) (2014): 95–104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.90.8059.
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A new amphipod species of the genus Elasmopus Costa, 1853 is described and illustrated based on material collected in a harbor on the northern Yucatan coast, southern Gulf of Mexico. Elasmopus yucalpeten sp. n. is recognized from its congeners by a two-articulate accessory flagellum, a group of long robust setae on the anterodistal margin of the gnathopod 2 basis, a distomedial concave portion on palm of gnathopod 2 propodus, long setae on basis posterior margin of pereopods 5–7, and an entire telson. The differences among closely related species are pointed out and they are compared with the new species. An identification key to species of the genus Elasmopus in the Gulf of Mexico and biogeographic comments at the regional and global scales are also provided.
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Scott, Fred W., and Andrew J. Hebda. "ANNOTATED LIST OF THE MAMMALS OF NOVA SCOTIA." Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 42, no. 2 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v42i2.3600.
Full textAbstract:
The latest taxonomic, distributional, habitat and conservation status information is presented for a total of 91 species of marine and terrestrial mammals presently or historically known from Nova Scotia. Four of them are extirpated and one is extinct. Of the 86 remaining species 51 are terrestrial (46 native, 5 introduced). The terrestrial mammals include 9 species of Insectivora, 6 (+ one tentative) of Chiroptera, one Primate, 12 Carnivora, 1 Perrissodactyla, 3 Artiodactyla, 19 Rodentia and 1 Lagomorpha. Native species include Boreal, Transition Zone and Austral elements, the result of Nova Scotia’s mid-latitude position on the continental coast.The 32 recorded marine species include 6 Carnivora (5 seals, walrus) and 26 Cetacea: Delphinidae (10 species), Phocoenidae (1), Monodontidae (1), Kogiidae (2), Physeteridae (1), Ziphiidae (4), Eschrichtiidae (1, extirpated), Balaenopteridae (5) and Balaenidae (1).Since 1971 four small mammal species (Sorex gaspensis, S. dispar, Glaucomys volans and Microtus chrotorrhinus) have been added to the provincial fauna, as a result of the first systematic and intensive sampling ever done in Nova Scotia. All are disjunct and three of them are restricted to forested talus habitats in the Cobequid Mts. or the Cape Breton Highlands. With the two disjunct species already known (Sorex arcticus maritimensis and Peromyscus leucopus caudatus), there are 6 disjunct mammals in the province, comprising 14.3 % of native non-volant terrestrial mammals, 33 % of insectivores and 18.8 % of native rodents. Two of them (Sorex gaspensis and Microtus chrotorrhinus) occur only on Cape Breton Island. No other area of similar size north of Mexico has a comparable proportion of disjunct mammals.Cape Breton Island historically has had a depauperate mammal fauna, lacking 8 species that were present on the adjacent mainland. The building of the connecting Canso Causeway in 1953-55 had a major zoogeographic impact, as it caused the western third of the strait to freeze over in winter and allowed the invasion and establishment of four large mammal species (Canis latrans, Procyon lotor, Mephitis mephitis and Lynx rufus).Le document présente l’information la plus récente sur la taxonomie, la répartition, l’habitat et la situation de 91 espèces de mammifères marins et terrestres qui vivent actuellement ou ont déjà vécu en Nouvelle-Écosse. Quatre d’entre elles ont disparu et une est éteinte. Sur les 86 autres espèces, 51 sont terrestres (46 espèces indigènes et 5 espèces introduites). Les mammifères terrestres comprennent 9 Insectivora, 6 (+ une espèce provisoire) Chiroptera, un Primate, 12 Carnivora, un Perrissodactyla, 3 Artiodactyla, 19 Rodentia et un Lagomorpha. La Nouvelle-Écosse étant située à une latitude moyenne sur la côte continentale, les espèces indigènes qui y vivent sont des éléments de la zone boréale, de la zone de transition et de la zone australe.Parmi les 32 espèces marines signalées, on compte 6 Carnivora important a (5 phoques et le morse) et 26 Cetacea: Delphinidae (10 espèces), Phocoenidae (1), Monodontidae (1), Kogiidae (2), Physeteridae (1), Ziphiidae (4), Eschrichtiidae (1, disparue), Balaenopteridae (5) et Balaenidae (1).Depuis 1971, à la suite du premier échantillonnage systématique et intensif mené en Nouvelle-Écosse, quatre espèces de petits mammifères (Sorex gaspensis, S. dispar, Glaucomys volans et Microtus chrotorrhinus) se sont ajoutées aux espèces fauniques de la province. Ce sont toutes des espèces disjointes, et trois d’entre elles sont confinées aux talus d’éboulis boisés des monts Cobequid ou des hautes-terres du Cap-Breton. Si on inclut les deux espèces disjointes déjà connues (Sorex arcticus maritimensis et Peromyscus leucopus caudatus), il existe 6 espèces disjointes de mammifères dans la province, qui représentent 14,3 % des mammifères terrestres indigènes qui ne volent pas, 33 % des Insectivores et 18,8 % des Rongeurs indigènes. Deux d’entre elles (Sorex gaspensis et Microtus chrotorrhinus) ne sont présentes que dans l’île du Cap-Breton. Au nord du Mexique, aucune autre région de taille semblable n’a une telle proportion d’espèces disjointes de mammifères.Dans le passé, l’île du Cap-Breton renfermait relativement peu de mammifères : on y trouvait 8 espèces de moins que dans la partie continentale de la Nouvelle-Écosse. La construction de la levée de Canso en 1953-1955 a eu un impact important zoogéographique du fait que, depuis, le tiers ouest du détroit gèle durant l’hiver, ce qui a permis à quatre espèces de gros mammifères (Canis latrans, Procyon lotor, Mephitis mephitis et Lynx rufus) de gagner l’île et de s’y établir.