Academic literature on the topic 'Search too little'
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Journal articles on the topic "Search too little"
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Seidenberg, Jürgen, Geeske Stelljes, Lars Lange, Katharina Blumchen, and Ernst Rietschel. "Airlines provide too little information for allergy sufferers!" Allergo Journal International 29, no. 8 (2020): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40629-020-00147-1.
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Summary Introduction Allergic reactions are reported to account for approximately 2–4% of all medical emergencies on commercial airline flights. In 2016, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) published recommendations on risk prevention in severe allergies. Methods Using a written questionnaire and an internet search, an investigation was conducted on the extent to which airlines operating in Germany have implemented the IATA recommendations and, e.g., offer peanut/nut allergy sufferers appropriate measures. Results Only 14 of the 104 airlines contacted responded to the written survey. Of 115 airlines, 72 provided information for allergy sufferers on their homepage, but mostly in insufficient detail. No results were found for the search term “allergy” (or “Allergie”) on the websites of 43 airlines. The information on the individual airlines has been summarized in table form. Discussion The information offered by many airlines for passengers with allergies is insufficient. To offer greater guidance, updated information has been formulated in German and English, and its use is recommended.
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Jin, Hong Ying. "Design of Intelligent Search Engine with Multiple Agents." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 1937–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.1937.
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Because traditional search engine has lots of defect such as return too much information or search result has little use, it is necessary to study on intelligent search engine. Base on the analysis of general search engine defects, this paper presents an intelligent search engine with multiple agent. Then, the structure and search process was discussed in detail. At last, the superiority of the new scheme was analyzed compared with the general search engine.
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Cohen, Gene D. "An International Search for Innovation: A Challenge and a Call for Action." International Psychogeriatrics 6, no. 1 (1994): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610294001559.
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Samuel Johnson, at age 76, wrote about “this world where much is to be done and little to be known.” Two hundred years later, in the world of psychogeriatrics, too little is known about what is done. This becomes quite apparent at scientific meetings—especially international ones—where information is exchanged about new research and evolving ideas. Unfortunately, while research findings are more likely to find their way to dissemination via publication in a professional journal, innovative service and service delivery developments are less likely to be readily or adequately disseminated via the written word.
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Haigh, Susan. "Library Catalogue Users Are Influenced by Trends in Web Searching." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 1, no. 3 (2006): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8ks33.
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A review of:
 
 Novotny, Eric. “I Don’t Think I Click: A Protocol Analysis Study of Use of a Library Online Catalog in the Internet Age.” College & Research Libraries, 65.6 (Nov. 2004): 525-37.
 
 Objective – To explore how Web-savvy users think about and search an online catalogue. 
 
 Design – Protocol analysis study.
 
 Setting – Academic library (Pennsylvania State University Libraries).
 
 Subjects – Eighteen users (17 students, 1 faculty member) of an online public access catalog, divided into two groups of nine first-time and nine experienced users. 
 
 Method – The study team developed five tasks that represented a range of activities commonly performed by library users, such as searching for a specific item, identifying a library location, and requesting a copy. Seventeen students and one faculty member, divided evenly between novice and experienced searchers, were recruited to “think aloud” through the performance of the tasks. Data were gathered through audio recordings, screen capture software, and investigator notes. The time taken for each task was recorded, and investigators rated task completion as “successful,” “partially successful,” “fail,” or “search aborted.” After the searching session, participants were interviewed to clarify their actions and provide further commentary on the catalogue search. 
 
 Main results – Participants in both test groups were relatively unsophisticated subject searchers. They made minimal use of Boolean operators, and tended not to repair failed searches by rethinking the search vocabulary and using synonyms. Participants did not have a strong understanding of library catalogue contents or structure and showed little curiosity in developing an understanding of how to utilize the catalogue. 
 
 Novice users were impatient both in choosing search options and in evaluating their search results. They assumed search results were sorted by relevance, and thus would not typically browse past the initial screen. They quickly followed links, fearlessly tried different searches and options, and rapidly abandoned false trails. 
 
 Experienced users were more effective and efficient searchers than novice users. They used more specific keyword terms and were more persistent to review their search options and results. Through their prior experience, they knew how to interpret call numbers, branch library location codes, and library terminology such as ‘periodicals’. 
 
 Participants expected the catalogue to rank results based on relevancy like an Internet search engine. While most were observed to understand intuitively the concept of broadening or narrowing a search, a ‘significant minority’ added a term to an already too-narrow search to improve their search results. 
 
 When interviewed, participants suggested several ways to improve the catalog search query, such as adding summaries and contents, ranking results by relevance and degree of exact match to search terms, including an Amazon-like “find more like this” feature, and providing context-sensitive and interactive online help, especially at the point when a search has produced too many or too few hits. 
 
 Conclusions – The study concluded that library catalogue users are heavily influenced by trends in Web searching. No matter what type of search a task called for, the participants tended to expect a simple keyword search to lead to optimal results presented in relevancy-ranked order. 
 
 Because users do not generally know or care about the structure of a bibliographic record, and many have little concept of what a library catalogue is for or what it contains, Novotny suggests that user instruction needs to address these basics. He also suggests that library professionals and library system vendors must work together to address the clear evidence that library catalogues are failing their users.
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Rabkin, Rhoda. "The Aylwin Government and 'Tutelary' Democracy: A Concept in Search of a Case?" Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 34, no. 4 (1992): 119–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165808.
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The Literature on democratic transitions suggests two opposite sorts of dangers that the successful democratizer must avoid: too much uncertainty on the one hand, and too little on the other. The first can lead to conflict, violence, and abortive transitions (Karl and Schmitter, 199D; while the second means there is no democracy at all, but leads to something less which has been variously called: "tutelary democracy," "electoralism," or "democradura."Before the government of Patricio Aylwin took office in Chile in March 1990, most observers anticipated that the return to democracy would bring considerable social conflict and political instability. Expressing a widely held view, one expert wrote: "Any return to democracy in Chile would entail vocal demands, from a variety of social groups and movements, to reverse the policies instituted by the regime since 1973" (Loveman 1986-87:29). The need to confront human rights abuses during the military government was another potentially explosive political issue.
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Scott, Ian A. "Public hospital bed crisis: too few or too misused?" Australian Health Review 34, no. 3 (2010): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09821.
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•Increasing demand on public hospital beds has led to what many see as a hospital bed crisis requiring substantial increases in bed numbers. By 2050, if current bed use trends persist and as the numbers of frail older patients rise exponentially, a 62% increase in hospital beds will be required to meet expected demand, at a cost almost equal to the entire current Australian healthcare budget. •This article provides an overview of the effectiveness of different strategies for reducing hospital demand that may be viewed as primarily (although not exclusively) targeting the hospital sector – increasing capacity and throughput and reducing readmissions – or the non-hospital sector – facilitating early discharge or reducing presentations and admissions to hospital. Evidence of effectiveness was retrieved from a literature search of randomised trials and observational studies using broad search terms. •The principal findings were as follows: (1) within the hospital sector, throughput could be substantially improved by outsourcing public hospital clinical services to the private sector, undertaking whole-of-hospital reform of care processes and patient flow that address both access and exit block, separating acute from elective beds and services, increasing rates of day-only or short stay admissions, and curtailing ineffective or marginally effective clinical interventions; (2) in regards to the non-hospital sector, potentially the biggest gains in reducing hospital demand will come from improved access to residential care, rehabilitation services, and domiciliary support as patients awaiting such services currently account for 70% of acute hospital bed-days. More widespread use of acute care and advance care planning within residential care facilities and population-based chronic disease management programs can also assist. •This overview concludes that, in reducing hospital bed demand, clinical process redesign within hospitals and capacity enhancement of non-hospital care services and chronic disease management programs are effective strategies that should be considered before investing heavily in creating additional hospital beds devoid of any critical reappraisal of current models of care. What is known about the topic?There is a growing demand for inpatient care in Australia, with presentations to public hospital emergency departments increasing by 4.9% per year over the last 5 years and admission numbers increasing by 3.6% per year. Increasing numbers of hospital beds may give only short-term reprieve in lowering bed occupancy rates if little attention is giving to improving hospital efficiency by internal process redesign or by decreasing demand for acute hospital beds by improving capacity of the non-hospital sector to manage sub-acute illness and chronic disease. What does this paper add?This article provides a narrative meta-review of the evidence of effectiveness of various reform strategies. The key findings are that, within the hospital sector, patient throughput could be substantially improved by: outsourcing public hospital clinical services to the private sector where appropriate; implementing whole-of-hospital reforms, which that facilitate more flexible and dynamic bed management (especially where it relates to systems of care for acutely ill patients); separating acute from elective beds and services; increasing the numbers of day-only admissions; and curtailing ineffective or marginally effective clinical interventions. However, the potentially biggest gains in hospital productivity will come from improved access to residential care, rehabilitation services and domiciliary support for hospitalised patients who no longer require acute inpatient care, combined with decreased need for hospitalisation as a result of population-based chronic disease management programs led by primary care agencies, and acute care and advance care planning within residential care facilities. What are the implications for practitioners?A public debate must start now on how the healthcare system and the role within it of hospitals should be re-configured in managing future population healthcare needs in a sustainable way. In the meantime, all hospitals must consider implementing reforms with potential to improve their productivity and reduce access block for those who really need acute hospital care.
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Barnes, Josephine, and Nick C. Fox. "The search for early markers of AD: hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits." International Psychogeriatrics 26, no. 7 (2014): 1065–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610214000623.
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There is increasing interest in finding markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that are discriminative even at an early, pre-dementia stage. This interest is driven partly by a desire to improve clinical diagnosis in more mildly affected individuals, and also by the recent paradigm shift in thinking about clinical trials for AD. This shift is a result of concern that the recent failures of high-profile clinical trials conducted in patients with mild to moderate AD may have been because therapy was “too little, too late.” The implication being that if only treatments had been trialled earlier they would have had a greater chance of success. Certainly, lessons from other aspects of medicine have shown that treatments may be most, or in some cases only, effective if given early in disease. If we did have therapies that could slow disease progression at a very early stage that would increase the interest in early markers of disease. Ideally, such therapies would be given when the minimum of functional decline and irreversible neuronal loss had already occurred. From economic and public health standpoints, delaying symptom onset would be very important: a delay of five years has been estimated to reduce projections for prevalence of symptomatic AD by about 50% (Brookmeyer et al., 1998).
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Audi, Robert. "The Ethics of Belief and the Morality of Action: Intellectual Responsibility and Rational Disagreement." Philosophy 86, no. 1 (2010): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819110000586.
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AbstractThe contemporary explosion of information makes intellectual responsibility more needed than ever. The uncritical tend to believe too much that is unsubstantiated; the overcritical tend to believe too little that is true. A central problem for this paper is to formulate standards to guide an intellectually rigorous search for a mean between excessive credulity and indiscriminate skepticism. A related problem is to distinguish intellectual responsibility for what we believe from moral responsibility for what we do. A third problem is how to square intellectual responsibility in retaining our views with the realization that peers we respect disagree with us. Much of the paper is directed to articulating principles for dealing with such disagreements.
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Rudis, Gediminas. "Lithuania’s search for International support to Resist Russian Aggression in 1918." Lithuanian Historical Studies 5, no. 1 (2000): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25386565-00501009.
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The paper rejects a viewpoint prevalent among Lithuanian historians that the first government of the Republic of Lithuania, led by Augustinas Voldemaras, did not recognize the danger of Russia and was not concerned with the security of the state. Research shows that the government was fully conscious of the international situation of Lithuania and expected efficient diplomatic and military support from the Allies to counter Russian aggression. The orientation to the Allied powers was well-grounded, but too little attention was paid to the mobilization of the internal resources for the defence of the country. That was probably the most crucial drawback of the activity of Voldemaras’ government. Such a conclusion can reasonably be drawn if one takes into account the fact that at that time the Allied powers had not yet defined their policy with respect to the Baltic states.
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Walser, Hannah. "Proust's Genies: In Search of Lost Time and Population Biology." Novel 51, no. 3 (2018): 482–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00295132-7086517.
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Abstract Whether identified as “genies,” “little men,” or simply “les moi,” a vast horde of personified mental faculties populates In Search of Lost Time, responsible for behaviors too instantaneous or too ingrained to come under conscious control. Representing automatic neural subroutines as self-interested beings allows Proust to apply the principles of biological selection to these psychological entities, imagining the mind as an ecosystem in which great personal upheavals—for instance, Marcel's loss of Albertine—figure as extinction events that wipe out large populations of narrowly specialized, slow-to-adapt “genies.” Since genies are optimized for highly specific micro-environments, the same “species” of genie may form in any two individuals who share such a micro-environment, with this indifference to the boundaries of the person making it possible for a shared genie-type to define an ad hoc social category: homosexuals, snobs, members of the Guermantes set. In this essay, I unpack Search's model of the mind as a population of simple homunculi and explore its effect on Proust's understanding of interpersonal collectives, from intellectual coteries to social classes. The construct of the genie, I suggest, not only allows Proust to suture together sub-individual and supra-individual scales of analysis but also enables a model of change—both psychological and historical—that is neither simply agentic nor simply deterministic. Rather, the shifting demographics of mental homunculi constitute a quantitative, probabilistic, and nonsychronous form of change, creating new adaptive niches while permitting the partial survival of prior forms of life.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Search too little"
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Weng, Zhiquan. "Consumer Search and Firm-Worker Reciprocity: A Behavioral Approach." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281985969.
Full textBooks on the topic "Search too little"
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Vargas Cervantes, Susana. The Little Old Lady Killer. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479876488.001.0001.
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The Little Old Lady Killer focuses on the female serial killer Juana Barraza Samperio, a Mexican lucha libre wrestler who, disguised as a government nurse, strangled sixteen elderly women in Mexico City. The search for the Mataviejitas (the killer of old women) was the first ever undertaken for a serial killer in Mexico. Following international profiling norms for serial killers, the police were initially looking for an ordinary-looking man, but after witness accounts described the Mataviejitas as wearing a wig and makeup, police changed their focus and began to search for a “travesti.” The book undertakes an analysis of the classed, gendered, and sexed transitions described in police reports and media accounts in relation to international criminological discourses and Mexican popular culture. On January 26, 2006, Juana Barraza was arrested as she fled the home of an elderly woman who had just been strangled with a stethoscope. Two years later, Barraza was convicted and sentenced to 759 years and 17 days; she remains in Santa Martha Acatitla to this day. I argue that La Dama del Silencio, Barraza’s masked wrestling identity, more than the woman herself became figured in official and popular discourse as the serial killer, La Mataviejitas. This displacement of personas reinforces national imaginaries of masculinity, femininity, and criminality. The national imaginaries of what constitutes a criminal female or male, in turn, determine crucial notions of mexicanidad within the country’s pigmentocratic culture, who counts as a victim, and how a criminal is constructed.
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Riley, Barry. The Search for Food Security. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190228873.003.0019.
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By the 1970s, concern that world hunger was increasing had energized the efforts of scholars, government officials, and those attentive to humanitarian concerns to focus on “food security” as the concept best suited to concert efforts to reduce global hunger. The problem was there was little agreement of what the term meant and how it could be used as an objective of policy; Simon Maxwell and Timothy Frankenberger unearthed two hundred separable definitions of the term. This chapter describes the evolution of food security thinking during the period 1970–90, from concern about the imbalance between existing food stocks and surging demand to concern about the difficulty in identifying the transitory and chronic causes of households being unable to gain secure access to the food they needed.
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Dickens, Charles, and Dennis Walder. Little Dorrit. Edited by Harvey Peter Sucksmith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199596485.001.0001.
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‘Clennam rose softly, opened and closed the door without a sound, and passed from the prison, carrying the quiet with him into the turbulent streets.’ Introspective and dreamy, Arthur Clennam returns to England from many years abroad to find a people gripped in their self-made social and mental prisons. Against a background of government incompetence and financial scandal, he searches for the key to the affairs of the Dorrit family, prisoners for debt in the Marshalsea. He discovers through the seamstress Amy Dorrit the fulfilment of which he dreams, but only after he learns to understand his own heart. Revelation and redemption haunt Dickens’s portrayal of human relations as fundamentally distorted by class and money. The swindling financier Merdle, the bureaucratic nightmare of the Circumlocution Office, and a teeming cast of characters display the inadequacy of secular morality in the face of contemporary social and political confusion. Mixing humour and pathos, irony and satire, Dickens’s eleventh novel reveals a master of fiction in top form. This new edition, based on the definitive Clarendon text, includes all of Phiz’s original illustrations and a wide-ranging introduction highlighting Dickens’s move to more personal and spiritual concerns.
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Forret, Monica L. Networking as a Job-Search Behavior and Career Management Strategy. Edited by Ute-Christine Klehe and Edwin van Hooft. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764921.013.022.
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Networking is often cited as a key to job-search success; however, relatively little scholarly research on networking as a job-search behavior exists. The purpose of this chapter is to review the literature on networking and its relevance for job-search success and career management more broadly. The use of networking for both obtaining new jobs at different employers as well as advancing upward in one’s current organization is considered. This chapter describes the importance of networking for developing career competencies, how networking can enhance a job seeker’s social network, and barriers faced by women and minorities in building their social networks. The multiple ways in which networking has been measured are described, along with the antecedents and outcomes of networking behavior pertinent to job seekers. This chapter discusses the implications of networking as a job-search behavior for job seekers, career counselors, and organizations and concludes with future research suggestions for scholars.
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Widerquist, Karl, and Grant S. McCall. The Hobbesian Hypothesis in Contemporary Political Theory. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748678662.003.0007.
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This chapter argues that “the Hobbesian hypothesis” (the claim that the Lockean proviso is fulfilled: everyone is better off in a state society with a private property system than they could reasonably expect to be in any society without either of those institutions) plays a large role in contemporary justifications of the state and/or the property rights system. The search turns up few attempts to justify existing states or property rights systems without some version of the hypothesis. Theorists asserting it as an obvious truth in need of little or no supporting evidence include David Gauthier, Jean Hampton, James Buchanan, Gregory S. Kavka, George Klosko, Dudley Knowles, Christopher Heath Wellman, Robert Nozick, Jan Narveson, and many others. Critics include Alan Ryan, Carole Pateman, Charles Mills, Patricia Williams, and others. Yet all this disagreement has produce very little debate or interest in an empirical investigation of the hypothesis.
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Borgen, William A., and Lee D. Butterfield. Job Loss: Outplacement Programs. Edited by Ute-Christine Klehe and Edwin van Hooft. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764921.013.013.
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Outplacement counseling (OPC) is a form of career counseling that organizations offer to displaced workers to help them deal with job loss, develop job search skills, and successfully transition back into employment. Despite the fact this is a multimillion-dollar business, little is known about its effectiveness, whose best interests are being served (the organization’s or the individual recipient’s), and the measures of success being used. This chapter reviews the history of outplacement; typical services offered by OPC firms; measures of success; individual characteristics that increase participation in and success with OPC; what helps, hinders, or would have helped individual recipients; challenges related to OPC; directions for future outplacement counseling research; where OPC stands today; and what is needed for OPC to help the vulnerable population it is intended to serve.
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Schneider, Florian. The Mediated Massacre. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876791.003.0005.
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This chapter turns to the Nanjing Massacre on China’s web and discusses how digital resources allow national communities to collectively ‘remember’ their past. The analysis of these processes starts with the online encyclopaedias that China’s major search companies maintain online. How do these information repositories present knowledge on the Nanjing Massacre? Next, the chapter discusses the discourses that websites on this issue construct and the digital features that such websites deploy. As this chapter shows, the Nanjing Massacre discourse draws mostly from authoritative, vetted sources in a static way that offers very little space for discussion and that treats this episode of modern history as a shrine rather than a forum. This outcome offers an intriguing glimpse into how China’s web works on established, political issues, and how it is today essentially an info-web: a traditional mass-communication space in which established stake-holders shape nationalist discourse for their own purposes.
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Dorey, James. Bees of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486308507.
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Bees are the darlings of the insect world. It is a joy to see these insects hard at work, peacefully buzzing from flower to flower. Many people recognise the worth of bees, as well as that they face multiple threats. But very few know about the diversity and importance of our native bee species. There are an estimated 2000 to 3000 bee species in Australia, yet we know very little about the vast majority of these and there are many that are yet to be described. 
 Bees of Australia introduces some of our incredible native bees, many of which, if you look closely, can be found in your own garden. Open this book wherever you like or read it from cover to cover. The combination of photography and contributions from some of Australia’s leading bee researchers allows anyone to become enthralled by our native bees. Don’t be surprised if you find yourself looking closer at every flower that you pass in search of our wonderful native bees.
 
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Brennan, Jason, and Phillip Magness. Cracks in the Ivory Tower. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190846282.001.0001.
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Ideally, universities are centers of learning, in which great researchers dispassionately search for truth, no matter how unpopular those truths must be. The marketplace of ideas assures that truth wins out against bias and prejudice. Yet many people worry that there's rot in the heart of the higher education business. This book reveals the problems are even worse than anyone suspects. Marshalling an array of data, the authors systematically show how contemporary American universities fall short of these ideals and how bad incentives make faculty, administrators, and students act unethically. While universities may at times excel at identifying and calling out injustice outside their gates, the text contends that individuals within them are primarily guided by self-interest at every level. It finds that the problems are deep and pervasive: Most academic marketing and advertising are semi-fraudulent; colleges and individual departments regularly make promises they do not and cannot keep; and most students cheat a little, while many cheat a lot. Trenchant and wide-ranging, the text elucidates the many ways in which faculty and students alike have every incentive to make teaching and learning secondary.
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Woinarski, John. Bat's End. CSIRO Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486308644.
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On the evening of 26 August 2009, the last known pipistrelle emerges from its day-time shelter on Christmas Island. Scientists, desperate about its conservation, set up a maze of netting to try to catch it. It is a forlorn and futile exercise – even if captured, there is little future in just one bat. But the bat evades the trap easily, and continues foraging. It is not recorded again that night, and not at all the next night. The bat is never again recorded. The scientists search all nearby areas over the following nights. It has gone. There are no more bats. Its corpse is not, will never be, found. It is the silent, unobtrusive death of the last individual. It is extinction. 
 This book is about that bat, about those scientists, about that island. But mostly it is an attempt to understand that extinction; an unusual extinction, because it was predicted, witnessed and its timing is precise. 
 A Bat's End is a compelling forensic examination of the circumstances and players surrounding the extinction of the Christmas Island pipistrelle. A must-read for environmental scientists, policy-makers, and organisations and individuals with an interest in conservation.
 
Book chapters on the topic "Search too little"
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Haugan, Gørill, and Jessie Dezutter. "Meaning-in-Life: A Vital Salutogenic Resource for Health." In Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63135-2_8.
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AbstractBased on evidence and theory, we state that facilitating and supporting people’s meaning-making processes are health promoting. Hence, meaning-in-life is a salutogenic concept.Authors from various disciplines such as nursing, medicine, psychology, philosophy, religion, and arts argue that the human search for meaning is a primary force in life and one of the most fundamental challenges an individual faces. Research demonstrates that meaning is of great importance for mental as well as physical well-being and crucial for health and quality of life. Studies have shown significant correlations between meaning-in-life and physical health measured by lower mortality for all causes of death; meaning is correlated with less cardiovascular disease, less hypertension, better immune function, less depression, and better coping and recovery from illness. Studies have shown that cancer patients who experience a high degree of meaning have a greater ability to tolerate bodily ailments than those who do not find meaning-in-life. Those who, despite pain and fatigue, experience meaning report better quality-of-life than those with low meaning. Hence, if the individual finds meaning despite illness, ailments, and imminent death, well-being, health, and quality-of-life will increase in the current situation. However, when affected by illness and reduced functionality, finding meaning-in-life might prove more difficult. A will to search for meaning is required, as well as health professionals who help patients and their families not only to cope with illness and suffering but also to find meaning amid these experiences. Accordingly, meaning-in-life is considered a vital salutogenic resource and concept.The psychiatrist Viktor Emil Frankl’s theory of “Will to Meaning” forms the basis for modern health science research on meaning; Frankl’s premise was that man has enough to live by, but too little to live for. According to Frankl, logotherapy ventures into the spiritual dimension of human life. The Greek word “logos” means not only meaning but also spirit. However, Frankl highlighted that in a logotherapeutic context, spirituality is not primarily about religiosity—although religiosity can be a part of it—but refers to a specific human dimension that makes us human. Frankl based his theory on three concepts: meaning, freedom to choose and suffering, stating that the latter has no point. People should not look for an inherent meaning in the negative events happening to them, or in their suffering, because the meaning is not there. The meaning is in the attitude people choose while suffering from illness, crises, etc.
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"9. Too Much and Too Little – Employers’Responsibility in Denmark and the Netherlands." In In Search of Effective Disability Policy. Amsterdam University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9789048505272-010.
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Hoffmann, Roald. "Teach to Search." In Roald Hoffmann on the Philosophy, Art, and Science of Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199755905.003.0029.
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George Pimentel was a wonderful man, whose heart and soul were in chemistry. And just as much in research, in which he excelled, as in teaching. From his writing it is clear that he did not separate the two. Nor do I, which is why I am happy and proud to be associated with an award given in George Pimentel’s name, and especially one in chemical education. I will speak of two themes: • The inseparability of teaching and research. And for that matter, of chemistry and the world. • The necessity of chemists to teach broadly, to speak to the general public. And the tensions that arise in the process. But before I launch into these subjects, let me say some words about how I feel about teaching and receiving this award. Whatever success I have had I owe to teaching. The logic or rhetoric of teaching underlies my research within chemistry and my writing outside of chemistry. As I began to think about this, I felt suddenly a little less guilty about receiving an award in chemical education. Let me tell you why I felt—feel—guilty. What am I—viewed by the community of chemistry as a researcher whose work has received ample recognition—doing getting an award that should be given to those who have toiled so hard, dedicating their lives to chemical education? When there aren’t too many of these awards around . . . A second source of guilt for me is that I suspect that a significant component in the thinking of the Pimentel award committee was my role in making the Annenberg/CPB television course in chemistry, The World of Chemistry. I was a member of the team, indeed, and my soul and sweat went into the project. But the part I played—more than just being a pretty face, true—was in fact much smaller than the parts of several other people, who really deserve recognition. I will tell you about those people in time.
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Leopold, Estella B. "Winter." In Stories From the Leopold Shack. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190463229.003.0007.
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Winter at the Shack was always a great time, and some weekends it was a big challenge just to get in. After a good snowfall we would park near Mr. Lewis’s farmhouse and ski in the mile and a half, carrying our grub. We have a picture I especially love of Mother skiing through the woods, wearing her denim skirt and winter coat. What a great sport she was! And she would holler “Whoopeee!” while sliding down a short terrace in the woods. We were proud of her. Skis were not much in those days—just two waxed boards with a leather strap. But they were better than walking, and fun too. Passing through the snowy winter landscape was always, in Dad’s words, a “search for scats, tracks, feathers, dens, roostings, rubbings, dustings, diggings, feedings, fightings, or preyings collectively known to woodsmen as ‘reading sign.’ ” We could often see many of these signs on the snow. I can remember skiing through the woods with Nina one morning after a heavy snowfall and seeing little “bursts,” places where a partridge or two had spent the night in a snowbank and then burst out in the morning to feed. If one wonders how our songbirds survive a cold snowy winter, the answers are revealed on a fresh snow surface: the prairie plants hold their seed pods up away from the snow, and the songbirds land on these dark stalks and remove the seeds. Their dear little tracks show where they were picking up seeds. A way to make a living in winter. For our wood-gathering efforts, our tools were the two-man saw, a double-bit ax with an extra-long handle, two regular axes, a heavy sledgehammer, and two iron wedges. Some of the logs we cut in the woods, though of fireplace length, were too big to carry, so we would split them right there before loading them on the sled. Our favorite place for the cutting operation was west of the Shack, down the slough and bearing south at what we called the “branch slough” and “the fallen bee tree.” Our dog (then Flicky) was always running along with us.
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Vargas Cervantes, Susana. "Framing the Serial Killer." In The Little Old Lady Killer. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479876488.003.0002.
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This chapter focuses on the difficulties the Mexican police, press, and public had in conceptualizing a serial killer, and how this affected the search for El/La Mataviejitas. It opens with a discussion of Mexico’s cultural beliefs concerning serial killing—that it is a product of anomie; it can happen only in a society deficient in moral values. The chapter then shows how from official discourses to popular culture, Mexicans conceive of their society as strongly grounded in traditional family values and how this belief influenced the search for a serial killer. The chapter closes with an analysis of the construction of "infamous" serial killers internationally and the impact of these constructions on the conceptualization of El/La Mataviejitas. The analysis focuses on the police assumption that the serial killer of elderly women must be a man, based on international patterns. This stereotype of the serial killer took on a distinctly local flavor once the police authorities modified their belief that El Mataviejitas was a “he” to include the possibility that he was a “travesti”—a local gendered identity linked to sex work, which police equated with sexual perversion and upon which it is culturally easy to build criminality.
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Brass, Daniel J. "A Social Network Perspective on Human Resources Management." In Networks in the Knowledge Economy. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195159509.003.0019.
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It is, of course, highly appropriate that the study of personnel and human resources management in fact focuses on individuals in organizations; and, it is to the credit of my industrial/organizational psychology friends that so much progress has occurred in the recruitment, selection, training, appraisal, compensation, and career development of employees. However, to focus on the individual in isolation, to search in perpetuity for the elusive personality or demographic characteristic that defines the successful employee is, at best, failing to see the entire picture. At worst, it is misdirected effort continued by the overwhelming desire to develop the perfect measurement instrument. There is little doubt (at least in my mind) that the traditional study of personnel and human resources management has been dominated by the perspective that focuses on the individual or the organization in isolation. We are, of course, continually reminded of the need for an interactionist perspective; that is, that the responses of actors are a function of both the attributes of the actors and their environments (cf. Schneider, 1983). Although our research sometimes seems to ignore this dictum, the predominant model in human resources management has been one of matching the characteristics of the worker with the characteristics of the organization (Betz, Fitzgerald, & Hill, 1989). The characteristics of the organization, or more recently, the organization’s strategy (Snell, 1992; Wright & McMahan, 1992), defines the relevant individual attributes to be considered in recruitment, selection, training, appraisal, and compensation and promotion. Even with this “matching model,” the environment is little more than a context for individual interests, needs, values, motivation, and behavior. Beginning with Cattell and Binet, our human resources management task has been to develop methods of measuring these individual differences. I do not mean to suggest that individuals do not differ in their skills and abilities and their willingness to use them. I, too, revel in the tradition of American individualism. I will not dismiss the dispositional approach or the lure of “macro organizational psychology” (Staw & Sutton, 1993) to suggest that individuals are merely the “actees” rather than the actors (Mayhew, 1980).
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Fagan, Brian. "Beginnings." In From Stonehenge to Samarkand. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195160918.003.0004.
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The intoxicating fascination of archaeology and ancient ruins comes not from a melancholy romanticism brought on by shattered towers and collapsing walls, but from what the English novelist and traveler Rose Macaulay called “the soaring of the imagination into the high empyrean where huge episodes are tangled with myths and dreams; it is the stunning impact of world history on its amazed heirs. . . . It is less ruin-worship than the worship of a tremendous past.” Macaulay herself was an indefatigable traveler in search of the ghosts of the past. She looked at far more than the serried columns of the Parthenon in Athens or the ruins of Roman Palmyra. Her travels took her to sites that required imagination as well as some specialized knowledge. “Nineveh and Babylon . . . are, in fact, little more than mounds.” Macaulay was not the first to articulate this. The nineteenth-century English archaeologist Austen Henry Layard wrote of the “stern, shapeless mound rising like a hill from the scorched plain, the stupendous mass of brickwork occasionally laid bare by winter rains.” He was an archaeologist of energy and vast imagination, intoxicated with the grandeur of the Assyrian bas-reliefs on Nineveh’s palace walls—human figures, gods, kings, warriors, human-headed lions. Nineveh captivated the Victorians. “Is not Nineveh most delightful and prodigious?” wrote one young lady to her brother in India. “Papa says nothing so truly thrilling has happened in excavations since they found Pompeii.” Layard and others wrote books about the mighty palaces that once dazzled the ancient world. Inevitably, the tourists came to wander through the tunnels that Layard’s workers had carved into the city’s mounds. Inevitably, too, many of them succumbed to fever, recovering to remember an exotic underground world they had seen in their delirium. Today, you must rely on your restless imagination amid bare heaps of earth, desert on every side. You inescapably remember the words of the Old Testament prophet Zephaniah as you tread on twenty centuries of Assyrian history: “And he will stretch out his hand against the north, and destroy Assyria, and will make Nineveh a desolation, and dry like a wilderness. . . . How is she become a desolation, a place for beasts to lie down in!”
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"Uninformative Advertising as an Invitation to Search." In From Little's Law to Marketing Science. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9471.003.0015.
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Fielding, Henry. "From which it may be inferred that the best things are liable to be misunderstood and misinterpreted." In Tom Jones. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199536993.003.0149.
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A violent uproar now arose in the entry, where my landlady was well cuffing her maid both with her fist and tongue. She had, indeed, missed the wench from her employment, and, after a little search, had found her on the puppet-show stage in...
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van den Dool, Huug. "Methods in Short-Term Climate Prediction." In Empirical Methods in Short-Term Climate Prediction. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199202782.003.0015.
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The purpose of this chapter is to list the more common accepted methods used in short-term climate prediction, explain how they are designed, how they are supposed to work, what level of skill can be expected and the references to find more about them. The emphasis is on methodology but aspects of verification and cross-validation will be mentioned as well. Most methods will be accompanied by an example. We will also mention some of the less common methods, but with less detail. We even list some methods that are not used, to delineate which are acceptable and which are not. Sections 8.1–8.6 and 8.8 are easy to read, but Sections 8.7 and 8.9 are more difficult. It will become clear by the end of the climatology section (8.1), that only the departure from climatology, the so-called anomalies, are considered worthy forecast targets. The climatology itself, including such empirically established facts as “days are warmer than nights”, and “winters are colder than summer”, is considered too obvious to be a forecast target. This is not to say that a quantitative explanation of the Earth’s climate, including daily and annual cycle, is easy. But in professionally honest verification no points are given for forecasting a correct climatology. This chapter is thus about forecasting aspects of the geophysical system that are not so obvious and more difficult. The daily and annual cycle are periodic variations controlled by external forcings such as the solar heating. Implicit in identifying a periodic phenomenon as such is that the forecast of the phenomenon is easy out to infinity. This explains a widespread search for “cycles” in early meteorological research, but very little has been found other than the obvious daily and annual cycles. By removing a climatology that accounts for daily and annual variations we in effect remove the known easy periodic part of the system. In the absence of any other information climatology is the best information available. As many travelers can attest, somebody visiting an unfamiliar location 6 months from now is well served by inspecting climatological tables.
Conference papers on the topic "Search too little"
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Goucher-Lambert, Kosa, Jarrod Moss, and Jonathan Cagan. "Inspired Internal Search: Using Neuroimaging to Understand Design Ideation and Concept Generation With Inspirational Stimuli." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85690.
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While a large subset of work within the design research community has demonstrated that supportive stimuli (e.g., analogies) are a powerful assistive tool for designers, little is known about the cognitive processes enabling inspiration during design activity. To provide insight into this open question, a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment was developed to study design concept generation with and without support from inspirational stimuli (N = 21). The stimuli provided in this work were words given at varying levels of abstraction from the design problems and were meant to support cognitive processes similar to analogical reasoning. Results from this work demonstrate that inspirational stimuli of any kind (near or far from the problem space) improve the fluency of idea generation and illustrate the moments during ideation that such stimuli can be used as a supportive tool. Furthermore, neuroimaging data help to uncover distinct brain activation networks based upon reasoning with and without inspirational stimuli. We find that the successful application of inspirational stimuli during concept generation leads to a specific pattern of brain activation, which we term “inspired internal search.” Prior work by the authors has demonstrated an impasse-based activation network that is more prevalent in the absence of inspirational stimuli. Together, these brain activation networks provide insight into the differences between ideating with and without inspirational stimuli. Moreover these networks lend new meaning to what happens when a presented stimuli is too far from the design problem being solved.
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Camerini, Claudio, Miguel Freitas, Ricardo Artigas Langer, Jean Pierre von der Weid, and Robson Marnet. "Autonomous Underwater Riser Inspection Tool." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31485.
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The inspection of the vertical section of an offshore pipeline, known as the riser, plays a critical part of any integrity management program. This section connects the pipe that runs on the seabed to the production facility, be it a floating platform or a FPSO. Hanging from the platform over deep waters, risers are subject to very extreme operating conditions such as high loads and underwater currents. Corrosion, fatigue, abrasion and damages caused by stray object collisions are factors that must be taken into account, so that oil and gas production are not compromised. A flexible pipeline, a well engineered solution used in most riser installations, provides high reliability while requiring little maintenance but, in spite of advances in project and installation, the inspection of riser pipelines is an immature field where technology has not yet met the user’s demands. In the search for better riser inspection techniques, a project was started to design a new inspection tool. The basic concept consists of an autonomous vehicle, the Autonomous Underwater Riser Inspection tool (AURI), that uses the riser itself for guidance. The AURI tool can control its own velocity and is suited to carry different types of inspection devices. The first AURI prototype is designed to perform visual inspection with an built-in camera system, covering 100% of the external riser surface. The AURI can reach water depths up to a thousand meters. It was built with several embedded security mechanisms to ensure tool recovery in case of failure and also to minimize chances of damage to the pipeline or other equipment. It uses two electrical thrusters to push it along the riser. The mission is set to a maximum depth to be inspected and is considered complete when one of the following conditions is met: (1) maximum pressure on depth sensor is reached or (2) the length of the run is achieved or (3) maximum mission duration is exceeded or (4) maximum allowed tilt is detected by the inclinometer. Thanks to its positive buoyancy, the AURI will always return to the surface even if the electronics fail or the batteries get exhausted. This paper presents the first AURI prototype as well as the preliminary test results.
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Zhang, Wenliang, Lining Xu, Shaoqiang Guo, Lei Zhang, Minxu Lu, and Yunan Zhang. "Corrosion Behavior of Novel Cr2MoNbTi Pipeline Steel in CO2 Environment." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90692.
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CO2 corrosion is frequently encountered in oil and gas industry. The search for new sources of oil and gas has pushed the operational activities to harsher environment and this requires new tubing and pipeline materials which can endure tough circumstances. Low alloy steel containing Chromium, which fills the gap between carbon steels and corrosion resistant alloys in terms of cost and corrosion resistance, has aroused significant interest from steel enterprises and scholars. At present, these studies mainly focus on 3%–5%Cr steel, and little study concerns the 2%Cr steel, which is more economic and weldable. In this paper, novel Cr2MoNbTi steel was developed and the microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. Corrosion behavior of the Cr2MoNbTi steel immersed in the CO2-containing solutions, which corresponded to the environment of bottom-of-line corrosion (BLC), was studied using high temperature-high pressure autoclave. In addition, dynamic high temperature-high pressure condensation autoclave was employed to simulate the top-of-line corrosion (TLC) environment and the corrosion behavior of the Cr2MoNbTi steel under wet gas environment was investigated. The composition and morphology of the corrosion scale were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The results show that the Cr2MoNbTi steel exhibited uniform corrosion and presented good resistance to CO2 corrosion compared with X65 pipeline steel.
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Keshavarzi, Elham, Kai Goebel, Irem Y. Tumer, and Christopher Hoyle. "Model Validation in Early Phase of Designing Complex Engineered Systems." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85137.
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In design process of a complex engineered system, studying the behavior of the system prior to manufacturing plays a key role to reduce cost of design and enhance the efficiency of the system during its lifecycle. To study the behavior of the system in the early design phase, it is required to model the characterization of the system and simulate the system’s behavior. The challenge is the fact that in early design stage, there is no or little information from the real system’s behavior, therefore there is not enough data to use to validate the model simulation and make sure that the model is representing the real system’s behavior appropriately. In this paper, we address this issue and propose methods to validate the model developed in the early design stage. First we propose a method based on FMEA and show how to quantify expert’s knowledge and validate the model simulation in the early design stage. Then, we propose a non-parametric technique to test if the observed behavior of one or more subsystems which currently exist, and the model simulation are the same. In addition, a local sensitivity analysis search tool is developed that helps the designers to focus on sensitive parts of the system in further design stages, particularly when mapping the conceptual model to a component model. We apply the proposed methods to validate the output of failure simulation developed in the early stage of designing a monopropellant propulsion system design.
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Tsai, C. S., Hui-Chen Su, and T. C. Chiang. "Experimental Study of Full-Scale Buckling Restrained Brace With Inspection Windows." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65497.
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The buckling restrained brace (BRB) has been worldwide accepted as a powerful tool to protect structures from earthquake damage. However, the steel core of the traditional BRB is enclosed by the buckling-restraining unit, it is therefore impossible to observe the condition of the steel core during manufacturing and after earthquakes. Presented in this paper is experimental study on a full-scale buckling restrained brace with inspection windows that allow directly observing the condition of the internal components of the BRB, especially for the steel core. Experimental study in deciding the sizes and locations of the inspection windows to inspect the condition of the steel core during testing without influencing the functionality of the full-scale BRB has been conducted to search for a feasible BRB that is economical and convenient for manufacturing and installation as well as meets testing protocols. Test results of the full-scale BRBs under cyclic loadings showed that the mechanical behavior of the full-scale BRB with inspection windows opened on the buckling-restraining unit was stable and that fracture always occurred at the energy dissipation segments after low cycle fatigue tests. The condition of the steel core can be clearly observed through the inspection windows without dismantling the device during the tests. The test results also indicate that the selected inspection windows on the full-scale BRB have little influence on the strength of the device and that an appropriately designed BRB device with inspection windows can be considered as a stable energy dissipation device. A good indicator to decide the necessity of replacement of the BRB device to prepare for next earthquakes has also been proposed in this study.
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Tenorio, Gabriela de Souza. "Better places for a liveable-and lively- city. A method of Post-Occupancy Evaluation of public spaces." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/pgpu3582.
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Public spaces that attract and retain diverse people are crucial to foster urbanity and tolerance, and build stronger and livelier communities, especially in big cities. The simple coexistence of similarities and differences in public spaces can, to say the least, validate our own essence and offer us a possibility of growth. Sharing the same space with other people – even without interacting with them – favors social learning. Theory suggests that thought, feeling and behavior can be altered by observation. The search for public spaces that make urbanity viable is desirable in any society (especially in more unequal societies, as one can find in developing countries). However, inspired by ideas built on the critique of great urban agglomerations after the Industrial Revolution, cities around the world have undergone transformations that did exactly the opposite. As a series of lifeless places began to emerge, several researchers tried to figure out why this was happening. These researchers found that just wanting to create a lively place was not enough. It was necessary to scrutinize the behavior of people in public spaces in order to understand the relationship between their configuration and use. The knowledge they have built has been largely responsible for the increasing concern with public spaces and their relation to public life since the 1960s. Cities around the world are realizing that empty places could be full of people, and that not only a place full of people is something positive, but an empty place is not. They are learning to see underused public spaces as social, cultural, environmental, and financial waste. However, even with so much information available, it is still possible to find, in any contemporary city, public spaces that fail to support public life. Frequently, little or nothing is done to make them safer or more attractive, diverse and pleasant. It is even more worrying to realize that such places continue to be created. This is the focus of this paper. It brings together available knowledge and experiences in the area of public space design. It also complements, structures and translates such experiences and knowledge into a Public Space Post-Occupancy Evaluation Method, which stresses the importance of observing people and their activities. As a result, one can better understand, observe, assess and, thus, manipulate the main attributes of a public space that may influence its capacity to attract and retain diverse people on a daily basis. The method is offered as a tool to support those who deal with public spaces at different levels – from academic studies to municipal management. It has been used in Brasilia, Brazil, for the past 7 years, with positive results in governmental decision-making processes. A case study is briefly presented to illustrate its use.
Reports on the topic "Search too little"
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Dy, Sydney M., Julie M. Waldfogel, Danetta H. Sloan, et al. Integrating Palliative Care in Ambulatory Care of Noncancer Serious Chronic Illness: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer237.
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Objectives. To evaluate availability, effectiveness, and implementation of interventions for integrating palliative care into ambulatory care for U.S.-based adults with serious life-threatening chronic illness or conditions other than cancer and their caregivers We evaluated interventions addressing identification of patients, patient and caregiver education, shared decision-making tools, clinician education, and models of care. Data sources. We searched key U.S. national websites (March 2020) and PubMed®, CINAHL®, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (through May 2020). We also engaged Key Informants. Review methods. We completed a mixed-methods review; we sought, synthesized, and integrated Web resources; quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies; and input from patient/caregiver and clinician/stakeholder Key Informants. Two reviewers screened websites and search results, abstracted data, assessed risk of bias or study quality, and graded strength of evidence (SOE) for key outcomes: health-related quality of life, patient overall symptom burden, patient depressive symptom scores, patient and caregiver satisfaction, and advance directive documentation. We performed meta-analyses when appropriate. Results. We included 46 Web resources, 20 quantitative effectiveness studies, and 16 qualitative implementation studies across primary care and specialty populations. Various prediction models, tools, and triggers to identify patients are available, but none were evaluated for effectiveness or implementation. Numerous patient and caregiver education tools are available, but none were evaluated for effectiveness or implementation. All of the shared decision-making tools addressed advance care planning; these tools may increase patient satisfaction and advance directive documentation compared with usual care (SOE: low). Patients and caregivers prefer advance care planning discussions grounded in patient and caregiver experiences with individualized timing. Although numerous education and training resources for nonpalliative care clinicians are available, we were unable to draw conclusions about implementation, and none have been evaluated for effectiveness. The models evaluated for integrating palliative care were not more effective than usual care for improving health-related quality of life or patient depressive symptom scores (SOE: moderate) and may have little to no effect on increasing patient satisfaction or decreasing overall symptom burden (SOE: low), but models for integrating palliative care were effective for increasing advance directive documentation (SOE: moderate). Multimodal interventions may have little to no effect on increasing advance directive documentation (SOE: low) and other graded outcomes were not assessed. For utilization, models for integrating palliative care were not found to be more effective than usual care for decreasing hospitalizations; we were unable to draw conclusions about most other aspects of utilization or cost and resource use. We were unable to draw conclusions about caregiver satisfaction or specific characteristics of models for integrating palliative care. Patient preferences for appropriate timing of palliative care varied; costs, additional visits, and travel were seen as barriers to implementation. Conclusions. For integrating palliative care into ambulatory care for serious illness and conditions other than cancer, advance care planning shared decision-making tools and palliative care models were the most widely evaluated interventions and may be effective for improving only a few outcomes. More research is needed, particularly on identification of patients for these interventions; education for patients, caregivers, and clinicians; shared decision-making tools beyond advance care planning and advance directive completion; and specific components, characteristics, and implementation factors in models for integrating palliative care into ambulatory care.
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Bolton, Laura. Donor Support for the Human Rights of LGBT+. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.100.
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This rapid review synthesises evidence on the bilateral and multilateral donors promoting and protecting the human rights of LGBT+ people on a global scale. It focusses on those donors that have policies, implementation plans and programmes on LGBT+ rights. This review also examines the evidence on the impact of their work. The bilateral donors providing the most support for LGBT+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, +) communities in 2017-18 are the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), UK Department for International Development (DFID), The Netherlands Development Cooperation, Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad), and the European Commission (EC). Whilst the multilateral donors providing the most support for LGBT+ are the UN and World Bank. The United Nations (UN) is doing a huge amount of work on LGBT+ rights across the organisation which there was not scope to fully explore in this report. The UN Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (UNOCHR) in particular is doing a lot on this theme. They publish legal obligation information, call attention to rights abuses through general assembly resolutions. The dialogue with governments, monitor violations and support human rights treaties bodies. The work of the World Bank in this area focuses on inclusion rather than rights. A small number of projects were identified which receive funding from bilateral and multilateral donors. These were AMSHeR, International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA), and Stonewall. This rapid review focused on identifying donor support for LGBT+ rights, therefore, searches were limited to general databases and donor websites, utilising non-academic and donor literature. Much of the information comes directly from websites and these are footnoted throughout the report. Little was identified in the way of impact evaluation within the scope of this report. The majority of projects found through searches were non-governmental and so not the focus of this report.