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Journal articles on the topic 'Seasonal affective disorder. Winter Light'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Eagles, John M. "Light therapy and the management of winter depression." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 10, no. 3 (2004): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.10.3.233.

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Much the most common type of seasonal affective disorder at temperate latitudes is recurrent winter depression, which probably affects around 3% of adults in the UK to a clinically significant degree. In this article, diagnosis and presentation are discussed and symptoms are contrasted with those of non-seasonal depression. Aetiology and epidemiology, with regard to age, gender and latitude of residence, are described. Sufferers are often treated with light therapy, and this is described in some detail, with mention of effectiveness, prediction of outcome, timescales of response, side-effects,

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Partonen, Timo, and Jouko Lönnqvist. "Prevention of winter seasonal affective disorder by bright-light treatment." Psychological Medicine 26, no. 5 (1996): 1075–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170003539x.

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SynopsisIn patients with winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD) the onset of a depressive episode is probably associated with the decreasing amount of light during the autumn. A highly predictable onset of a recurrent depressive episode with seasonal pattern provides a rationale for testing the efficacy of bright-light treatment as a preventive measure. Twelve out-patients with winter SAD were assigned to start bright light treatment either when they were well, or not to start it until the first symptoms of depression had already emerged. The severity of depressive symptoms was prospectively

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Rastad, Cecilia, Lennart Wetterberg, and Cathrin Martin. "Patients’ Experience of Winter Depression and Light Room Treatment." Psychiatry Journal 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6867957.

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Background. There is a need for more knowledge on the effects of light room treatment in patients with seasonal affective disorder and to explore patients’ subjective experience of the disease and the treatment.Methods. This was a descriptive and explorative study applying qualitative content analysis. A purposeful sample of 18 psychiatric outpatients with a major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern and a pretreatment score ≥12 on the 9-item Montgomery-Åsberg Depression self-rating scale was included (10 women and 8 men, aged 24–65 years). All patients had completed light room treatmen

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Van Den Hoofdakker, R. H., and M. C. M. Gordijn. "Will light brighten the future of the depressed patient?" Acta Neuropsychiatrica 9, no. 2 (1997): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s092427080003684x.

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The present explosive growth of interest in the therapeutic possibilities of exposure to light was triggered by a patient, Herbert Kern. He suffered from episodic depressive and manic complaints and discovered, by registering these over the years, a seasonal pattern in their occurrence. Discussions with scientists of the NIMH resulted in his participation in a bright light-treatment experiment when he was depressed in the winter of 1980-1981. He recovered.Next, the same group of investigators defined the criteria for a new syndrome, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): a history of major affecti

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Anderson, Janis L., Leora N. Rosen, Wallace B. Mendelson, et al. "Sleep in fall/winter seasonal affective disorder: Effects of light and changing seasons." Journal of Psychosomatic Research 38, no. 4 (1994): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(94)90037-x.

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6

Melrose, Sherri. "Seasonal Affective Disorder: An Overview of Assessment and Treatment Approaches." Depression Research and Treatment 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/178564.

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Seasonal affective disorder or SAD is a recurrent major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern usually beginning in fall and continuing into winter months. A subsyndromal type of SAD, or S-SAD, is commonly known as “winter blues.” Less often, SAD causes depression in the spring or early summer. Symptoms center on sad mood and low energy. Those most at risk are female, are younger, live far from the equator, and have family histories of depression, bipolar disorder, or SAD. Screening instruments include the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). Typical treatment includes antide

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Magnusson, Andres, and Timo Partonen. "The Diagnosis, Symptomatology, and Epidemiology of Seasonal Affective Disorder." CNS Spectrums 10, no. 8 (2005): 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900019593.

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AbstractThe operational criteria for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) have undergone several changes since first proposed in 1984. SAD is currently included as a specifier of either bipolar or recurrent major depressive disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition has provisional diagnostic criteria for SAD. The most characteristic quality of SAD is that the symptoms usually present during winter and remit in the spring. Furthermore, the symptoms tend to remit when the patients are exposed to

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Thompson, C., P. A. Childs, N. J. Martin, I. Rodin, and P. J. Smythe. "Effects of morning phototherapy on circadian markers in seasonal affective disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 170, no. 5 (1997): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.170.5.431.

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BackgroundThe suppression of melatonin by light at 00.30 hours has been shown to be greater in winter than in summer in patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) but not in matched normal controls.MethodIn this study 12 patients with SAD and 12 matched normal controls were exposed to morning light therapy in the winter. Melatonin profiles and sensitivity to light were measured before and after treatment.ResultsThe SAD but not the normal group showed a phase advance of melatonin rhythms in response to phototherapy. There was an association between phase position and phase shift in the SAD

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9

Wirz-Justice, A., K. Kräuchi, D. P. Brunner, et al. "Circadian rhythms and sleep regulation in seasonal affective disorder." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 7, no. 2 (1995): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800037522.

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Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is characterised by recurrent episodes in autumn and winter of depression, hypersomnia, augmented appetite with carbohydrate craving, and weight gain, and can be successfully treated with bright light. Circadian rhythm hypotheses (summarized in) have stimulated research into the pathophysiology of SAD, postulating that:1.The illness is a consequence of delayed phase position,2.It is correlated with diminished circadian amplitude, or3.It results from changes in the nocturnal duration between dusk and dawn e.g. of low core body temperature or melatonin secretion

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Brancaleoni, Greta, Elena Nikitenkova, Luigi Grassi, and Vidje Hansen. "Seasonal affective disorder and latitude of living." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 18, no. 4 (2009): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00000312.

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SUMMARYAim – Since the importance of latitude of living for the prevalence of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is unclear, the study aims to test the latitude hypothesis by comparing SAD in two rather similar groups of students living at latitudes far apart. Methods – Two groups of students, 199 in Tromsø, Norway (690 N) and 188 in Ferrara, Italy (440 N) were asked to fill in the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire. Results – Global Seasonality score (GS-score) was significantly higher in Italian than in Norwegian students, in females and in students with sleeping-problems. Norwegian st

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Murray, John B. "Geophysical Variables and Behavior: LVII. Seasonal Affective Disorder and Phototherapy." Psychological Reports 64, no. 3 (1989): 787–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3.787.

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Seasonal affective disorder, depressive symptoms that recur in fall and winter and abate in spring-summer, for many patients in the United States and Europe, have been alleviated by exposure to bright, full spectrum light for several hours daily (phototherapy). The characteristics of these patients, the procedures used, the theoretical explanations of the mechanisms, and the potential of phototherapy are reviewed.

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12

Martinez, B., S. Kasper, S. Ruhrmann, and H. J. Möller. "Hypericum in the Treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorders." Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 7, no. 1_suppl (1994): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089198879400701s09.

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Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) represents a subgroup of major depression with a regular occurrence of symptoms in autumn/winter and full remission in spring/summer. Light therapy (LT) has become the standard treatment of this type of depression. Apart from this, pharmacotherapy with antidepressants also seems to provide an improvement of SAD symptoms. The aim of this controlled, single-blind study was to evaluate if hypericum, a plant extract, could be beneficial in treating SAD patients and whether the combination with LT would be additionally advantageous. Patients who fulfilled DSM-III-R

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13

RUHRMANN, S., S. KASPER, B. HAWELLEK, et al. "Effects of fluoxetine versus bright light in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder." Psychological Medicine 28, no. 4 (1998): 923–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798006813.

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Background. Disturbances of serotonergic neurotransmission appear to be particularly important for the pathophysiology of winter depression. This study investigated whether fluoxetine has antidepressant effects comparable to bright light in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder (winter type).Method. A randomized, parallel design was used with rater and patients blind to treatment conditions. One week of placebo (phase I) was followed by 5 weeks of treatment (phase II) with fluoxetine (20 mg per day) and a placebo light condition versus bright light (3000 lux, 2 h per day) and a placebo

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Glod, C. "Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and light therapy: State of the science." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.713.

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Major depression with a fall/winter seasonal pattern, also known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD), is a recurrent and prevalent disorder. Treatment may include either pharmacological (antidepressant) or non-pharmacological options, most commonly light therapy. Over the years, light therapy has been explored using various delivery methods including light-emitting diode (LED) devices. For over 20 years, cool-white fluorescent sources that yield 10,000 lux of polychromatic white light have been the standard treatment for SAD. Many investigations have confirmed the clinical effectiveness of wh

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Graw, Peter, Sabine Recker, Lothar Sand, Kurt Kräuchi, and Anna Wirz-Justice. "Winter and summer outdoor light exposure in women with and without seasonal affective disorder." Journal of Affective Disorders 56, no. 2-3 (1999): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00037-3.

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16

LoBello, Steven G. "The Validity of Major Depression With Seasonal Pattern: Reply to Young (2017)." Clinical Psychological Science 5, no. 4 (2017): 755–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702617702420.

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Young claims that our argument against a seasonal pattern for major depressive disorder fails because we incorrectly assumed that the seasonal pattern corresponds to what has been called “winter blues.” In doing so he changes the definition of major depression with a seasonal pattern, thereby contradicting the history of the seasonal pattern modifier, recent and current versions of the DSM, and what is taught in prominent introductory and abnormal psychology textbooks. Despite this divergence, both our research and his share important implications for seasonal affective disorder/major depressi

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Yang, C., P. Yang, S. Liang, and T. Wang. "The effects of illuminance and correlated colour temperature on daytime melatonin levels in undergraduates with sub-syndromal SAD." Lighting Research & Technology 52, no. 6 (2019): 722–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153519884097.

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Under the pressure of ensuring student visual performance, this study investigated whether improving the classroom lighting is helpful in relieving the daytime serum melatonin concentration in undergraduates who suffer from sub-syndromal seasonal affective disorder in winter. Two negative control groups (Undergraduates without sub-SAD, lighting conditions 300 lx, 4000K), two positive control groups (undergraduates with sub-seasonal affective disorder, lighting conditions 300 lx, 4000K) and six positive intervention groups (undergraduates with sub-seasonal affective disorder, lighting condition

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Putilov, Arcady A. "Multi-Component Physiological Response Mediates Therapeutic Benefits of Bright Light in Winter Seasonal Affective Disorder." Biological Rhythm Research 29, no. 4 (1998): 367–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/brhm.29.4.367.1427.

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Partonen, Timo, Olli Vakkuri, Christel Lamberg-Allardt, and Jouko Lönnqvist. "Effects of bright light on sleepiness, melatonin, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3in winter seasonal affective disorder." Biological Psychiatry 39, no. 10 (1996): 865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(95)00294-4.

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20

Winton, F., T. Corn, L. W. Huson, C. Franey, J. Arendt, and S. A. Checkley. "Effects of light treatment upon mood and melatonin in patients with seasonal affective disorder." Psychological Medicine 19, no. 3 (1989): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700024181.

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SynopsisTen patients with seasonal affective disorder received the following treatments for 5 days each: (a) artificial daylight (2500 lux) from 20.00 to 23.00 and from 07.00 to 10.00 hours; (b) red light (300 lux) from 20.00 to 23.00 and from 07.00 to 10.00 hours; (c) artificial daylight (2500 lux) from 22.00 to 23.00 and from 07.00 to 08.00 hours. The antidepressant effect of treatment (a) was superior to that of treatment (b), suggesting that the effect of light treatment in winter depression is more than that of a placebo. The antidepressant effect of treatment (a) was superior to that of

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Postolache, Teodor T., Todd A. Hardin, Frances S. Myers, et al. "Greater Improvement in Summer Than With Light Treatment in Winter in Patients With Seasonal Affective Disorder." American Journal of Psychiatry 155, no. 11 (1998): 1614–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.11.1614.

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22

Cheung, Amy, Carolyn Dewa, Erin E. Michalak, et al. "Direct Health Care Costs of Treating Seasonal Affective Disorder: A Comparison of Light Therapy and Fluoxetine." Depression Research and Treatment 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/628434.

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Objective.To compare the direct mental health care costs between individuals with Seasonal Affective Disorder randomized to either fluoxetine or light therapy.Methods.Data from the CANSAD study was used. CANSAD was an 8-week multicentre double-blind study that randomized participants to receive either light therapy plus placebo capsules or placebo light therapy plus fluoxetine. Participants were aged 18–65 who met criteria for major depressive episodes with a seasonal (winter) pattern. Mental health care service use was collected for each subject for 4 weeks prior to the start of treatment and

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Meesters, Y. "The timing of light therapy and response assessment in winter depression." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 7, no. 2 (1995): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800037595.

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Since Rosenthal et al published their first study about the effects of light treatment on mood in patients suffering from winter depression, many research centres have become interested in the study and treatment of seasonal affective disorders (SAD), one of them being the department of Biological Psychiatry in Groningen. In 1987, we started the first experiments under the inspiring direction of Prof. Rudi van den Hoofdakker and hundreds of patients have participated in various investigations ever since.

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LAM, R. W., T. A. BOWERING, E. M. TAM, et al. "Effects of rapid tryptophan depletion in patients with seasonal affective disorder in natural summer remission." Psychological Medicine 30, no. 1 (2000): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329179900152x.

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Background. Serotonergic mechanisms have been proposed for the pathophysiology of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and the therapeutic effect of bright-light treatment. Previously, we showed that SAD patients, in clinical remission with light therapy during the winter, experienced transient depressive relapses after a rapid tryptophan depletion (RTD) technique, which results in decreased brain serotonin levels. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of RTD in SAD patients who were in natural summer remission.Methods. Twelve drug-free patients with SAD by DSM-IV criteria and

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Praschak-Rieder, N., M. Willeit, H. Sitte, J. H. Meyer, and S. Kasper. "FC29-05 - Season, sunlight, and brain serotonin function." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 1981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73684-7.

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IntroductionMany experience low mood and energy during winter. Brain serotonin is involved in the regulation of many physiologic and pathologic functions that vary with season. Seasonal variations in peripheral serotonergic markers have been described in clinical and nonclinical populations, and a postmortem study shows seasonal differences in hypothalamic serotonin concentration.AimWe investigated the molecular background of seasonal changes in serotonin function by conducting a series of studies on serotonin transporter (5-HTT) density and function in depression and health.MethodsIn a large

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Roecklein, K. A., D. L. Wescott, S. F. Smagula, A. M. Soehner, P. L. Franzen, and B. P. Hasler. "0037 Melanopsin Driven Pupil Responses and Physical Activity: Stability of Activity from Day-to-Day in Winter in Seasonal Affective Disorder." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.036.

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Abstract Introduction The post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) is a measure of the responsivity of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), and reflects the cell biology of the photoentrainment pathway projecting from the retina to the circadian clock. Adequate signaling from the ipRGCs in the retina to the circadian clock is necessary to result in robust circadian output which we hypothesize would increase inter-daily stability (IS), a non-parametric modeling technique that examines stability of rest activity rhythms across successive days. Methods Participants were ag

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Avelino, M. J., and L. Paixão. "Seasonality and psychiatric disorders." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72308-2.

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IntroductionSeason mood changes are a phenomenon recognised by almost everyone. Who did never experience a little energy decrease or light depressive feelings with the beginning of Autumn or Winter? And the season recurrence of some Psychiatric Disorders, like MDD and BD are sufficiently acknowledged by patients and specialists. There is even a nosologic entity called Seasonal Affective Disorder, which shows more prevalence among Nordic places (where winter days are shorter) and in which light therapy seems a good therapeutic option. Not only in Psychiatry the properties of light therapy were

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Lee, Ellen E., Ameya Amritwar, L. Elliot Hong, Iqra Mohyuddin, Timothy Brown, and Teodor T. Postolache. "Daily and Seasonal Variation in Light Exposure among the Old Order Amish." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (2020): 4460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124460.

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Exposure to artificial bright light in the late evening and early night, common in modern society, triggers phase delay of circadian rhythms, contributing to delayed sleep phase syndrome and seasonal affective disorder. Studying a unique population like the Old Order Amish (OOA), whose lifestyles resemble pre-industrial societies, may increase understanding of light’s relationship with health. Thirty-three participants (aged 25–74, mean age 53.5; without physical or psychiatric illnesses) from an OOA community in Lancaster, PA, were assessed with wrist-worn actimeters/light loggers for at leas

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Rohan, Kelly J., Jonah Meyerhoff, Sheau-Yan Ho, Maggie Evans, Teodor T. Postolache, and Pamela M. Vacek. "Outcomes One and Two Winters Following Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy or Light Therapy for Seasonal Affective Disorder." American Journal of Psychiatry 173, no. 3 (2016): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15060773.

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Evans, Maggie, Kelly J. Rohan, Lilya Sitnikov, et al. "Cognitive Change Across Cognitive-Behavioral and Light Therapy Treatments for Seasonal Affective Disorder: What Accounts for Clinical Status the Next Winter?" Cognitive Therapy and Research 37, no. 6 (2013): 1201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-013-9561-0.

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Sleemi, Aamar, Mary A. Johnson, Kelly J. Rohan, et al. "Reading increases ocular illuminance during light treatment." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 24, no. 4 (2012): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh.2012.049.

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Abstract Background: Bright-light treatment is a safe and effective treatment for the management of winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD). In a recent study, we found that the relative duration of reading was positively associated with likelihood of remission after six weeks of light treatment. Methods: Two technicians measured the illuminance of a light box with a light meter directed towards the center of reading material that was placed on a table in front of the light box. The measurement was also performed after reading material was removed. The two measurements were performed in a ran

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Lam, Raymond W., Anthony J. Levitt, Robert D. Levitan, et al. "The Can-SAD Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effectiveness of Light Therapy and Fluoxetine in Patients With Winter Seasonal Affective Disorder." American Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 5 (2006): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.5.805.

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Spindelegger, C. "The four season brain - circannual changes in Neurobiology." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73837-8.

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ObjectiveClimate, in particular sunshine, is known to influence mood and energy levels, leading to a positive upswing on bright, sunny days and negative downswing in the cold, dark winter seasons. Increased serotonin transporter availability in healthy human subjects has been revealed in times of lesser light exposure and lower serotonin levels have been examined in the winter season.Methods36 drug naive healthy human subjects underwent this retrospective study, investigatin light-dependent alteration of serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor binding in the human brain. 5-HT1A receptor binding was qua

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EDERY, ISAAC. "Circadian rhythms in a nutshell." Physiological Genomics 3, no. 2 (2000): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.2000.3.2.59.

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Edery, Isaac. Circadian rhythms in a nutshell. Physiol Genomics 3: 59–74, 2000.—Living organisms on this planet have adapted to the daily rotation of the earth on its axis. By means of endogenous circadian clocks that can be synchronized to the daily and seasonal changes in external time cues, most notably light and temperature, life forms anticipate environmental transitions, perform activities at biologically advantageous times during the day, and undergo characteristic seasonal responses. The effects of transmeridian flight and shift work are stark reminders that although modern technologie

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Rodin, I., and C. Thompson. "Seasonal affective disorder." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 3, no. 6 (1997): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.3.6.352.

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Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a recurrent depressive disorder in which episodes occur at a particular time of year. The most frequent variant is winter SAD in which patients become depressed during the autumn or early winter, with remission or conversion to hypomania the following spring. Recognition of winter SAD is important because the diagnosis predicts a good response to the novel treatment of phototherapy. One other variant, summer SAD, has also been described and we will discuss this condition separately. Otherwise, we will confine our discussion to the winter variant which we wi

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Ulwelling, William. "Winter Births and Seasonal Affective Disorder." Archives of General Psychiatry 42, no. 1 (1985): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790240107015.

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Rosenthal, Norman E. "Winter Births and Seasonal Affective Disorder-Reply." Archives of General Psychiatry 42, no. 1 (1985): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790240108016.

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Lucas, Christopher Paul. "Seasonal Affective Disorder in Adolescence." British Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 6 (1991): 863–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.6.863.

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Two adolescent girls with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) are described. It is suggested that the classic symptom profile seen in adults is not characteristic in younger subjects. Although hypersomnia is prominent, increased appetite and carbohydrate craving are rarely reported. Local meteorological data link the course of the disorder in one case to the hours of sunshine and ambient temperature during the winter months.

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Hunt, Neil, and Trevor Silverstone. "Seasonal Affective Disorder Following Brain Injury." British Journal of Psychiatry 156, no. 6 (1990): 884–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.156.6.884.

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Seasonal affective disorder has not previously been linked with neuroanatomical abnormalities despite its relationship to biological rhythms. A 45–year-old woman is described with an arteriovenous abnormality in the right frontotemporal region who developed recurrent winter depression and summer hypomania.

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Byrne, Brenda, and George C. Brainard. "Seasonal Affective Disorder and Light Therapy." Sleep Medicine Clinics 3, no. 2 (2008): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2008.01.012.

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Dunham, Kathy Lee. "Seasonal Affective Disorder: Light Makes Right." American Journal of Nursing 92, no. 12 (1992): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3426875.

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Eagles, John M. "Light therapy and seasonal affective disorder." Psychiatry 8, no. 4 (2009): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mppsy.2009.01.005.

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Horowitz, Sala. "Shedding Light on Seasonal Affective Disorder." Alternative and Complementary Therapies 14, no. 6 (2008): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/act.2008.14608.

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Eagles, John M. "Light therapy and seasonal affective disorder." Psychiatry 5, no. 6 (2006): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.mppsy.2006.03.008.

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Partonen, T., and M. Partinen. "Light treatment for seasonal affective disorder:." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 89, s377 (1994): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05801.x.

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Glod, Carol A. "Seasonal Affective Disorder: A New Light?" Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 29, no. 3 (1991): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19910301-10.

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Hébert, Marc, Craig W. Beattie, Edwin M. Tam, Lakshmi N. Yatham, and Raymond W. Lam. "Electroretinography in patients with winter seasonal affective disorder." Psychiatry Research 127, no. 1-2 (2004): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2004.03.006.

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Friedman, Serge, Christian Even, Jacques Thuile, Frédéric Rouillon, and Julien-Daniel Guelfi. "Night eating syndrome and winter seasonal affective disorder." Appetite 47, no. 1 (2006): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2006.03.159.

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Pjrek, Edda, Dietmar Winkler, and Siegfried Kasper. "Pharmacotherapy of Seasonal Affective Disorder." CNS Spectrums 10, no. 8 (2005): 664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900019623.

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Abstract:

AbstractSeasonal affective disorder is a common variant of recurrent major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Treatment with bright artificial light has been found to be effective in this condition. However, for patients who do not respond to light therapy or those who lack compliance, conventional drug treatment with antidepressants also has been proposed. Substances with selective serotonergic or noradrenergic mechanisms should be preferred over older antidepressants. Although there are a number of open and controlled studies evaluating different compounds, these studies were often lim

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Hunt, L. "Bright light therapy and seasonal affective disorder." Insight - the Journal of the American Society of Ophthalmic Registered Nurses 23, no. 4 (1998): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1060-135x(98)90060-4.

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