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Journal articles on the topic 'Seasonal unemployment'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 February 2023

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1

Engle, Robert F., and Svend Hylleberg. "COMMON SEASONAL FEATURES: GLOBAL UNEMPLOYMENT." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 58, no. 4 (May 1, 2009): 615–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1996.mp58004003.x.

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2

Green, David A., and Timothy C. Sargent. "Unemployment Insurance and Job Durations: Seasonal and Non-Seasonal Jobs." Canadian Journal of Economics 31, no. 2 (May 1998): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/136322.

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3

Card, David, and Phillip B. Levine. "Unemployment insurance taxes and the cyclical and seasonal properties of unemployment." Journal of Public Economics 53, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(94)90011-6.

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4

Klonowska-Matynia, Maria, and Kamila Radlińska. "Assessment of seasonal unemployment fluctuations in the coastal tourist regions of Poland and Spain." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 63, no. 1 (January 29, 2018): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0614.

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The aim of the research is to compare and assess the diversity of seasonal unemployment fluctuations on the coastal labour markets in tourist regions of Poland and Spain. Detailed analyses concerned the level and distribution of monthly seasonal unemployment fluctuations on the coastal and peripheral labour markets. The Census X-12 ARIMA procedure was used to extract the seasonal component. Data on the monthly number of unemployed persons from January 2006 to December 2015 were used in the analysis. For Poland, data were obtained from labour offices in powiats and for Spain from the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare (Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social). International comparisons show that higher seasonal fluctuations in unemployment are characteristic of tourist areas in Poland (both coastal and peripheral). Throughout the year the similar distribution of seasonal unemployment fluctuations was observed on the labour markets in both countries.
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5

Mourdoukoutas, Panos. "Seasonal Employment, Seasonal Unemployment and Unemployment Compensation: The Case of the Tourist Industry of the Greek Islands." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 47, no. 3 (July 1988): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1988.tb02044.x.

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6

Etuk, Ette Harrison. "A Multiplicative Seasonal Arima Model for Nigerian Unemployment Rates." Bulletin of Society for Mathematical Services and Standards 3 (September 2012): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/bsmass.3.46.

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Time series analysis of Nigerian Unemployment Rates is done. The data used is monthly from 1948 to 2008. The time plot reveals a slightly positive trend with no clear seasonality. A multiplicative seasonal model is suggestive given seasonality that typically tends to increase with time. Seasonal differencing once produced a series with no trend nor discernible stationarity. A non-seasonal differencing of the seasonal differences yielded a series with no trend but with a correlogram revealing stationarity of order 12, a nonseasonal autoregressive component of order 3 and a seasonal moving average component of order 1. A multiplicative seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, (3, 1, 0)x(0, 1, 1)12, is fitted to the series. It has been shown to be adequate.
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7

Hudečková, Jaroslava. "The analysis of the population economic activity and unemployment in the South Moravian region." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 3 (2005): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553030049.

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This article deals with analysis of the South Moravian region population economic activity and unemployment state and development. The analysis of the population economic activity and unemployment is a part of the demographic, social and economic population analysis. The unemployment is considered to be an unfavourable effect, but its low rate is a natural part of the market economy. The unemployment was from the general and registered unemployment rate in years 1995–2003 point of view evaluated. Some indicators of the South Moravian region were with the whole Czech Republic compared. The unemployment in the South Moravian region marked a negative development in mentioned period and in the year 2003 achieved value of 11.45%. The trend of the unemployment development was defined and also the seasonal character with the seasonal indexes was analysed. The highest unemployment was proved in winter months (January–March) and least in May and June. There was proved the high dependency rate among the number of vacancies, the number of applicants for one vacancy and unemployment rate.
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8

Dunn, R. "Analysing Spatial Time Series of Local Unemployment: A Graphical Approach Using Principal Components Analysis and Seasonal Adjustment Procedures." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 19, no. 2 (February 1987): 225–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a190225.

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In this paper, the potential of principal components analysis to analyse spatial time series of local unemployment is discussed. A seasonal adjustment procedure is also used which allows trend, seasonal, and irregular subcomponents of the unemployment series to be identified and analysed separately. It is argued that such an approach may provide important insights into the functioning of the regional space economy. Empirical results are presented from a study of local unemployment in the Severnside region. Throughout the paper emphasis is placed on graphical displays and summaries.
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9

Rembeza, Jerzy, and Kamila Radlińska. "SEASONALITY OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE COASTAL AND MOUNTAINOUS TOURIST REGIONS OF POLAND." Folia Turistica 43 (June 30, 2017): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7811.

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Purpose. Comparison of the size, distribution and trends of seasonal fluctuations in unemployment in seaside and mountain tourist areas. Efforts were made to determine the differences between groups of regions as a whole, internal differentiation within individual regions and between selected regions. Method. The decomposition of the time series relies on extracting the seasonal component from the input range . To extract the seasonal component, we used the Census X12 ARIMA procedure. The analysis used data on the number of registered unemployed individuals in particular months from 2004 to 2014. Findings. Tourist labour markets in Poland were characterized by relatively high seasonal unemployment. Seasonality level of unemployment was significantly lower in the mountain regions than in the seaside regions. In both regions, seasonality of unemployment increased during the considered period. Seasonal fluctuations in unemployment on seaside and mountain labour markets showed a similar distribution. Research and conclusion limitations. The analysis used data on the number of registered unemployed individuals. The number of registered unemployed individuals does not fully describe the actual number of those unemployed and occurring in the short term changes in the labour market. Practical implications. The findings may be useful from the point of view of shaping instruments affecting the labour market in the tourist regions. They also allow an assessment of the changes that have occurred among labour markets in tourist regions. Originality. The originality of the research is based on comparison of seasonality in tourist regions with different locations and specifics. It allows to assess whether short-term fluctuations in unemployment in seaside and mountain tourist regions have any specificity. Type of paper. Research article.
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10

Buchta, S. "The possibilities of solving unemployment of workers in agriculture and construction." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 7 (March 2, 2012): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5403-agricecon.

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The paper deals on theoretical level with the potential solution of unemployment of seasonal labour in agriculture and construction industry, i.e. in the sectors where the work is typically seasonal. It proposes compensation for salary and insurance premiums paid from the National Labour Office resources (so-called maintenance wage could be based on minimal wage or minimum subsistence income) during winter season. Recipients of those wage compensations would be employers who could employ these employees during winter season. The maintenance wage could substitute for unemployment benefit which is paid during their unemployment. This solution would not be applied nation-wide, only in regions where it would be economically efficient and socially required.
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11

Dufek, J. "Development of regional unemployment characteristics in the Czech Republic." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 12 (March 2, 2012): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5450-agricecon.

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The paper deals with statistical analysis of the registered regional unemployment rate in regions and districts of the Czech Republic from 1998 to 2002. Regional unemployment reaches significantly different levels; moreover, within the examined period, differences were increasing: variance between the minimum and the maximum increased approx. from 12% to 20% in the respective districts. By means of cluster analysis, regions are divided into more homogenous groups according to the registered unemployment rate by 31 December 2002. The following districts may be identified as the best ones: Praha-západ (Prague-West), Praha-východ (Prague-East), Praha (Prague) and Benešov; the following as the worst ones: Most and Karviná. Concerning regions, the lowest unemployment level may be identified in Praha (Prague); on the contrary, the highest levels were reached in Ústecký region and Moravskoslezský region. Variability, skewness and peak characteristics were calculated to evaluate the development of regional unemployment distribution. The average rose from 5.63% to 9.94%, the standard deviation rose from 2.53% to 4.15%, the variation coefficient stayed around 0.4. Thus, together with the increase in unemployment level, the absolute variability rose while the relative variability stayed approx. constant. The rate distribution was left-sided and increasing; the peak was only slightly higher than the standard peak. The development trend of the characteristics was evaluated by means of linear functions and higher order polynomials; their seasonal variation is described by seasonal indices differing in the degree of their seasonality and distribution in the course of a year. A correlation matrix demonstrates the relations between the trend of the characteristics and their seasonal indices.
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12

Puspita, Rindang Ndaru. "PERAMALAN TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA PROVINSI BANTEN DENGAN METODE TRIPLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING." Jurnal Lebesgue : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, Matematika dan Statistika 3, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46306/lb.v3i2.138.

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The Unemployment Rate is the main indicator to measure the unemployment in the labor force. The higher Unemployment Rate will have an impact on the decline in people's welfare. Based the results of SAKERNAS in February 2022, Banten Province's Unemployment Rate is the highest in Indonesia, besides that, since the Covid-19 pandemic, the Banten Province's Unemployment Rate has increased. There needs an effort to reduce the Unemployment Rate so that it can reduce the number of unemployed, one of which is by knowing the predicted value of the Unemployment Rate in the future. From the results of historical data analysis, it is known that the data pattern of the Banten Province's Unemployment Rate is seasonal, so the Triple Exponential Smoothing Method is suitable to be used because it can stabilize seasonal patterns. Forecasting is carried out to determine the Unemployment Rate in Banten Province in the next 7 periods, from Semester 2 of 2022 to Semester 2 of 2025. From the forecasting results, the MAPE value is 8.858859%, which is smaller than 10%, that shows very accurate predictions. Furthermore, the results of this research are expected to be used as consideration in determining strategies to reduce the Banten Province's Unemployment Rate
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13

Franses, Philip Hans, and Paul de Bruin. "Seasonal Adjustment and the Business Cycle in Unemployment." Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2000): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/10811820052485997.

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14

SURREY, M. J. C. "THE SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT OF UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS-A NOTE." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 34, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1972.mp34002005.x.

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15

Będowska-Sójka, Barbara. "Unemployment Rates Forecasts – Unobserved Component Models Versus SARIMA Models In Central And Eastern European Countries." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2017-0014.

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In this paper we compare the accuracy of unemployment rates forecasts of eight Central and Eastern European countries. The unobserved component models and seasonal ARIMA models are used within a rolling short-term forecast experiment as an out-of-sample test of forecast accuracy. We find that unemployment rates present clear unconditional asymmetry in three out of eight countries. Half the cases there is no difference between forecasting accuracy of the methods used in the study. In the remaining, a proper specification of seasonal ARIMA model allows to generate better forecasts than from unobserved component models. The forecasting accuracy deteriorates in periods of rapid upward and downward movement and improves in periods of gradual change in the unemployment rates.
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16

Ahamad, Mazbahul Golam, Rezai Karim Khondker, Zahir Uddin Ahmed, and Fahian Tanin. "Seasonal Unemployment and Voluntary Out-Migration from Northern Bangladesh." Modern Economy 02, no. 02 (2011): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/me.2011.22023.

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17

Buchta, S. "Labour market and agricultural population." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 11 (February 24, 2012): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5244-agricecon.

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The article analyses situation on the labour market in 1999–2003, with particular focus on the agricultural population, and explains the pressure that forces agricultural employers to reduce their full-time staff and rely more on the seasonal and short-term employment arrangements. In the recent past, the segment of rotating workers (who take up short-term seasonal jobs between periods of unemployment), has taken on quite a significant dimension. The article also analyses territorial aggregations with high incidence of agricultural unemployment. It points at the regular, seasonal and increased layouts of agricultural workers who end up in the register of unemployed. It identifies the social risk connected with the seasonal type of work arrangements in agriculture from the viewpoint of the labour and social protection and increased social marginalisation of this social group.
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18

Gray, David. "Work-Sharing Benefits in Canada: An Effective Employment Stabilization Policy Measure?" Articles 51, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 802–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/051136ar.

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The topic of this paper is Canada 's work-sharing program, which is a special provision of the unemployment insurance program. The time series properties of the national and regional activity leuels ofthis program between 1982 and 1992 are analyzed with the aid of a regression equation. The model estimates the relationship between global work-sharing program activity and the business cycle in search of a countercyclical pattern. Despite evidence of persistence effects in the time series behaviour of the participation levels for the conventional Ul program, which have been tied to hysteresis effects for unemployment levels, the participation levels of this program appearto behave countercyclically, as intended. Although there is some anecdotal evidence at the firm level which would suggest instances ofrepeat usage, persistence effects are not discernible at the macroeconomic level. On the other hand, despite the fact that the program is not to be used in instances of seasonal unemployment, the model does generale seasonal patterns.
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19

Hatton, Timothy J., and Jeffrey G. Williamson. "Unemployment, employment contracts, and compensating wage differentials: michigan in the 1890s." Journal of Economic History 51, no. 3 (September 1991): 605–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700039589.

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Surveys taken by the Michigan Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics in the 1890s reveal that unemployment was pervasive among unskilled workers. The incidence of unemployment was not associated with personal characteristics, but rather with the type of employment contract and job: those with high risk of layoff commanded a wage premium. Seasonality is an important part of this late nineteenth-century story, and the subsequent demise of seasonal activities may have had an important impact on the evolution of labor market institutions.
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20

Davidescu, Adriana AnaMaria, Simona-Andreea Apostu, and Andreea Paul. "Comparative Analysis of Different Univariate Forecasting Methods in Modelling and Predicting the Romanian Unemployment Rate for the Period 2021–2022." Entropy 23, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23030325.

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Unemployment has risen as the economy has shrunk. The coronavirus crisis has affected many sectors in Romania, some companies diminishing or even ceasing their activity. Making forecasts of the unemployment rate has a fundamental impact and importance on future social policy strategies. The aim of the paper is to comparatively analyze the forecast performances of different univariate time series methods with the purpose of providing future predictions of unemployment rate. In order to do that, several forecasting models (seasonal model autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA), self-exciting threshold autoregressive (SETAR), Holt–Winters, ETS (error, trend, seasonal), and NNAR (neural network autoregression)) have been applied, and their forecast performances have been evaluated on both the in-sample data covering the period January 2000–December 2017 used for the model identification and estimation and the out-of-sample data covering the last three years, 2018–2020. The forecast of unemployment rate relies on the next two years, 2021–2022. Based on the in-sample forecast assessment of different methods, the forecast measures root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) suggested that the multiplicative Holt–Winters model outperforms the other models. For the out-of-sample forecasting performance of models, RMSE and MAE values revealed that the NNAR model has better forecasting performance, while according to MAPE, the SARIMA model registers higher forecast accuracy. The empirical results of the Diebold–Mariano test at one forecast horizon for out-of-sample methods revealed differences in the forecasting performance between SARIMA and NNAR, of which the best model of modeling and forecasting unemployment rate was considered to be the NNAR model.
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21

de Neubourg, Chris. "Unidentified Floating Unemployment (UFU) and the Specification of the UV-Curve." Recherches économiques de Louvain 52, no. 3-4 (December 1986): 227–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800082907.

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Conceptually, unemployment may originate in various types of (temporary) imbalances on the labour market. Five types of origins are broadly to be distinguished (given the real wage level and the volume of labour supply):Uk: unemployment originating in very short term — seasonal — fluctuations in economic activity;Ul: unemployment originating in the underutilization of the existing physical production capacity;Um: unemployment originating in a shortage of new investment, that fails to compensate for the loss of employment due to the ongoing scrapping of older vintages of production capacity. Two dimensions can be distinguished (a) production capacity may increase too slowly and (b) the new capacity may be too capital intensive to guarantee the absorption (utilization) of the (given) labour force;Un: unemployment due to labour market imperfections leading to real mismatches of supply and demand. Market imperfections, in turn, originate in the behavioural reactions of workers and employers to incomplete information and in the fact that adjustments are seldom immediate and necessarily take time (see de Neubourg 1985a for details);
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22

Truesdell, L. R. "Determinants of the Demand for Manpower Training : Some Empirical Results." Relations industrielles 30, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 424–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/028633ar.

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The author develops a short-run model for the demand of manpower training. It is shown that the short-run demand for manpower training is sensitive to the levels of unemployment as well as to seasonal factors. Various functional forms are also investigated
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23

Rejda, George E., and David I. Rosenbaum. "Unemployment Insurance and Full-Cost Experience Rating: The Impact on Seasonal Hiring." Journal of Risk and Insurance 57, no. 3 (September 1990): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/252846.

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24

Jelena, Mladenovic, Ilic Ivana, and Kostic Zorana. "Modeling The Unemployment Rate At The Eu Level By Using Box-Jenkins Methodology." KnE Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (March 19, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v1i2.643.

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<p>Unemployment, as a measure of market conditions, appears as a crucial economic problem and a phenomenon with considerable negative social consequences, and, as such, requires attention and adequate approach to finding solutions. Enormous unemployment rates are a reality not only in developing and transition countries, but also in some developed countries. Inadequately conducted privatization, unsuccessful transfer of workers from the public to the private sector, inefficiency in attracting foreign direct investment, and the world economic crisis of 2008 have made unemployment a universal disease of modern society. The paper presents economic models in which the unemployment rate is the central analyzed phenomenon. In this context, an important task of European economic policy-makers is to project future unemployment rates. <em>Box-Jenkins</em> methodology, i.e. the seasonal ARIMA model, is one approach to the modeling of time series, or, more specifically, for forecasting future values. The subject of this paper is the analysis of the evolution of the unemployment problem on the basis of the values in the period from 2000 to 2015, based on the case of 28 countries of the European Union. Building on the research subject, the purpose of the paper is to create the statistical model for forecasting the values of the monthly unemployment rates in the European Union for the future and establishing its trend.</p>
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25

Leaman, Laura, William Hennrikus, and Adam Y. Nasreddine. "An Evaluation of Seasonal Variation of Nonaccidental Fractures in Children Less Than 1 Year of Age." Clinical Pediatrics 56, no. 14 (January 30, 2017): 1345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922816687324.

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The aim of this study was to identify seasonal variation in nonaccidental injury (NAI) in children <1 year of age. Fifty consecutive patients age ≤12 months with a fracture were identified between January 2010 and June 2012. Patients’ records were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and radiographic data. Zip code was used to collect socioeconomic data. Out of 50 patients included in the study, fractures in 16 (32%) patients were reported for abuse. NAI was reported in 2/13 (15%) fracture cases presenting in the spring, 5/6 (83%) in summer, 6/15 (40%) in autumn, and 3/14 (21%) in winter. The ratio of NAI to accidental injury was highest in the summer. Presentation in summer was associated with NAI ( P < .001). In addition, NAI was associated with parental unemployment, single parents, and lower socioeconomic status ( P < .001). Seasonal variation occurred, and the most common season for NAI was the summer; also, NAI in children <1 year of age was associated with parental unemployment, single parent, and poverty.
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26

Arntz, Melanie, and Ralf A. Wilke. "Weather-related Employment Subsidies as a Remedy for Seasonal Unemployment? Evidence from Germany." LABOUR 26, no. 2 (April 18, 2012): 266–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.2012.00547.x.

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27

Saez, Marc, and Carles Murillo. "Regional disparities and national similarities in Spanish unemployment: a case of seasonal cointegration?" Applied Economics 28, no. 12 (December 1996): 1529–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000368496327516.

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28

Koopman, Siem Jan, Marius Ooms, and Irma Hindrayanto. "Periodic Unobserved Cycles in Seasonal Time Series with an Application to US Unemployment." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 71, no. 5 (October 2009): 683–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2009.00557.x.

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29

Hultkrantz, Lars. "Effects on employment and seasonal unemployment of subsidies to forestry in northern Sweden." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 6, no. 1-4 (January 1991): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827589109382665.

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30

Duke, Michael, Luke Bergmann, Carol Cunradi, and Genevieve Ames. "Like Swallowing a Butcher Knife: Layoffs, Masculinity, and Couple Conflict in the United States Construction Industry." Human Organization 72, no. 4 (November 13, 2013): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.72.4.kj54822p0u575637.

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Many construction workers face periods of layoff due to the seasonal nature of the industry, economic fluctuations in the building trades, and the fact that construction jobs tend to be of limited duration. Because this occupation is socially marked as masculine, male and female workers' emotional response to unemployment is likewise expressed in highly gendered terms, which can negatively impact family life. Based on research with unionized building trade workers in California, this paper will explore the ways in which gendered norms and behaviors impact worker stress, and by extension couple conflict, during periods of unemployment. In particular, we will describe the ways in which these conflicts become precipitated by, and expressed through, a habitus of masculinity that affects both male and female construction workers.
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31

Ooms, Marius, and Philip Hans Franses. "On Periodic Correlations between Estimated Seasonal and Nonseasonal Components in German and U.S. Unemployment." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 15, no. 4 (October 1997): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1392493.

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32

Ooms, Marius, and Philip Hans Franses. "On Periodic Correlations Between Estimated Seasonal and Nonseasonal Components in German and U.S. Unemployment." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 15, no. 4 (October 1997): 470–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07350015.1997.10524725.

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33

Schrank, William E. "The failure of Canadian seasonal fishermen's unemployment insurance reform during the 1960s and 1970s." Marine Policy 22, no. 1 (January 1998): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-597x(97)00030-4.

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34

Dreger*, Christian, and Hans-Eggert Reimers. "Panel Seasonal Unit Root Test: Further Simulation Results and An Application to Unemployment Data." Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv 89, no. 3 (August 2005): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10182-005-0207-8.

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35

Ilcan, Suzan M. "Peasant Struggles and Social Change: Migration, Households and Gender in a Rural Turkish Society." International Migration Review 28, no. 3 (September 1994): 554–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839402800307.

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This article sheds light on the interrelationship of seasonal migration, subsistence production and peasant relations in a community (Sakli) located in Turkey's northwestern countryside. Most studies argue that rural outmigration is either an adaptation to persistent unemployment or a phenomenon resulting from pressures and counterpressures in the social relations of production. These approaches tend to overlook the specific features of rural culture and power in determining conditions for seasonal migration and its effects on social relations. While migrant labor is understood by local villagers as forming part of a continual battle to preserve local tradition and kinship ties, this article shows how it reduces the dominion of landlords while creating internal household differentiation and gendered hierarchies.
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36

Zoeteweij-Turhan, Margarite Helena. "The Seasonal Workers Directive." European Labour Law Journal 8, no. 1 (March 2017): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2031952517699104.

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The Seasonal Workers Directive, harmonising Member States’ laws regarding the entry, residence and certain labour rights of seasonal workers, entered into force in 2014 and should be implemented by Member States (except for the UK, Ireland and Denmark) by 30 September 2016. According to Article 23 of the Directive, in principle, third-country nationals coming to a Member State as seasonal workers are entitled to equal treatment with nationals of the host Member State. However, what does ‘equal treatment’ mean when there are almost no nationals doing seasonal work for comparison? Also, the Directive allows Member States to diverge from the principle with regard to family and unemployment benefits and education and vocational training. Furthermore, the Directive does not provide for family reunification, even though seasonal workers are allowed to work for periods of up to nine months per year in the host Member State. Considering the limitations to the principle of equal treatment, and the broad measure of discretion given to the Member States in the implementation of the Directive, can the Directive really improve the precarious position of seasonal workers? What is to be expected of the effectiveness of the Directive? Could the Directive also be attractive for application by countries (inside the EU or outside) that are not bound by the Directive? This article will try to answer these questions by critically analysing the Directive, setting it in historical perspective and comparing it other EU legal instruments on labour migration, focusing particularly on the content of a select number of rights. The article furthermore discusses the issue of gender equality in the (effects of the) EU regulation of labour migration. It finally also addresses the question of the attractiveness of the Directive for adoption by States that are not bound by it, in particular Switzerland, where the seasonal worker has remained a hot topic after officially having ‘disappeared’ from the radar in 2002.
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37

Andriotis, Konstantinos. "Seasonality in Crete: Problem or a Way of Life?" Tourism Economics 11, no. 2 (June 2005): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000054183478.

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The tourism industry worldwide faces seasonal fluctuations of demand. These fluctuations are attributed to diverse factors – mainly climatic conditions, human decisions, inertia or tradition and supply restrictions – and result in various problems for tourist-receiving destinations, such as seasonal environmental congestion, low return on investment for tourist enterprises, overuse of facilities and off-season unemployment. Most of the strategies adopted by both private and public sectors to overcome seasonality fall into one of three main categories: diversification of the product mix, change of the customer mix and aggressive pricing. This paper reviews these issues taking the case of the island of Crete, and examines whether seasonality poses a problem for the island and the islanders or whether it is simply a way of life.
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Bagrii, Konon. "UNEMPLOYMENT IN UKRAINE DURING THE WAR: ANALYTICAL ASPECT." BULLETIN OF CHERNIVTSI INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND ECONOMICS 2, no. 86 (June 30, 2022): 32–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34025/2310-8185-2022-2.86.03.

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Unemployment is an important socio-economic problem for Ukraine, which defends its independence and integrity in the war with the Russian Federation. This is a complex macroeconomic phenomenon of economic life. The war in Ukraine has a detrimental effect on employment in the country. Currently, unemployment is becoming an essential element of life in Ukraine, which affects not only the social but also the economic situation in the country. It remains the focus of the population, the scientific community and the entire European community, and is one of the pressing issues in our home country. Unemployment is a macroeconomic problem caused by factors such as active hostilities, structural changes in the economy, declining economic development, scientific and technological progress, price ratios, seasonal fluctuations in production, insufficient aggregate demand, inflation, imperfect labor legislation, low level of professional training and retraining, inadequate level of employment programs and demographic processes. Considering the current situation in the country, unemployment is an acute problem facing the population of Ukraine in today's conditions. The reason for this is definitely the war for the independence and integrity of our country and at the same time the inefficient use of labor in the past and the lack of economic conditions that would allow people to apply their skills in productive work for a decent fee. That is why this phenomenon is both an economic and a social problem. Unemployment in our country, unfortunately, has become widespread and poses a real threat to state and public welfare. The article analyzes the current state of unemployment in Ukraine during the war and reveals the key reasons that cause it. Classical approaches to the interpretation of unemployment as a socio-economic phenomenon are studied and author’s interpretation of unemployment is outlined. The impact of the war with the Russian Federation on the defense of independence and integrity on the growth of unemployment in Ukraine is considered. Based on official statistics and data from the State Employment Service, an analysis of the level of unemployment and employment in Ukraine was conducted. In particular, the structure of demand for workers in Ukraine before and during the war is outlined, the number of vacancies and unemployed by regions of the country is analyzed, the volume of planned mass layoffs in the short term is revealed. Also, the peculiarities of the labor market in the wartime are studied, the main causes of unemployment in Ukraine are highlighted. Theoretical aspects of regulation of state policy in the field of employment are considered. Ways to overcome unemployment in Ukraine during the war are suggested.
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Bieć, Maria, Ewa Gałecka-Burdziak, and Robert Pater. "Work calculator: a useful tool for modelling relations on the labour market." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 63, no. 7 (July 27, 2018): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0678.

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The aim of the article is to present the concept of a job calculator — a tool used to create a simulation of relations between changes in the economic situation and the labour market in Poland. The job calculator is based on the American Jobs Calculator and is available for everyone. The user determines the height of expected unemployment rate and the tool computes the number of required job offers, the creation and coverage of which will result in the change of the unemployment rate to the predefined level. The calculator uses data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and presents simulations for one quarter. The values refer to the total result, taking into account the seasonal fluctuations and division into long-term and cyclical changes, which is the authors’ contribution to the original American model as well as an extension of this concept.
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40

Buchta, S., and Z. Štulrajter. "Marginalised groups of rural population." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 54, No. 12 (December 18, 2008): 566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/285-agricecon.

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The paper deals with the analysis of the typology of unemployed people in agriculture. Approximately 35–40% of people from this unemployment group have already no more chance to be reintegrated into the labour market. The analysis points to out the regional occurrence of this type of unemployment (less urbanised sub-mountain areas, stagnating and backward regions facing various processes of de-industrialisation, etc) and evaluates its wider socio-economic impacts. After 2000, the fragmentation of employment contracts in the corporative types of farms (agricultural co-operatives and companies) begins to appear in the agricultural sector. The category of seasonal agricultural workers with decreased labour and social protection begins to emerge as well. As a result of the strategy to cope with the situation, a certain self-supplying (subsistence farming) subculture was established in the Slovak rural areas to mitigate the difficult economic conditions of the rural households endangered by income deprivation, including the decreased purchasing power of rural population.
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41

Phillips, Keith R., and Jianguo Wang. "A note on spurious seasonal patterns and other distortions in the BLS local area unemployment statistics." Journal of Economic and Social Measurement 39, no. 3 (December 29, 2014): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jem-140389.

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42

Tamara, KORTUKOVA. "PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF UKRAINIAN LABOR MIGRANTS IN EUROPE." Foreign trade: economics, finance, law 117, no. 4 (September 10, 2021): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2021(117)05.

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Background. Citizens of Ukraine are one of the largest groups of seasonal workers in the European Union. At the same time, Ukrainian migrant workers often suffer violations of their rights abroad. In this aspect, Ukraine has an urgent task to protect the rights of Ukrainian seasonal migrant workers abroad. For European Union, despite the economic crisis that has led to higher unemployment, there is an urgent need for seasonal workers in the EU Member States, due to the fact that seasonal work is generally not attractive for the EU labor market. The aim of the article is to determine the features of protection of the rights of Ukrainian seasonal migrant workers in the European Union. Materials and methods. The research is carried out on the basis of general and special research methods, in particular, such as: discourse and content analysis, system analysis method, induction and deduction method, historical-legal method, formal-legal method, comparative-legal method, and others. Results. Seasonal work is one of the types of temporary employment, which is limited to a certain period of time. In the European Union, seasonal work is not attractive to citizens of the European Union. In this regard, it should be noted that the Member States of the European Union have a long practice of attracting seasonal migrant workers to their labor market, which was especially intensified in the post-war period, characterized by labor shortages on the European continent, which led to this policy development. Today, with the onset of the global pandemic COVID-19 and the starting of lockdown, the European Union still needs seasonal migrant workers, especially in the agricultural sector, to perform seasonal work. In this area, the EU has developed supranational legislation, which was analyzed in the article. Conclusion. Given that Ukrainians are one of the largest groups of seasonal workers in the European Union, it is important for Ukraine to protect its citizens abroad, which, in particular, can be strengthened by signing bilateral agreements with EU Member States on employment and social protection of Ukrainian citizens; agreements on mutual employment of employees; agreementson employment and cooperation in the field of labor migration, etc. Keywords: labor migration; seasonal migration; the right to equal treatment; Seasonal Workers Directive; bilateral agreements on labor migration.
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43

Jamlet Janjghava, Jamlet Janjghava. "For the issue of unemployment and employment." New Economist 16, no. 03 (January 28, 2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/nec62-6303-042021-55.

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One of the major problems of a market economy is unemployment, when a large part of the employable population cannot find work, becomes "redundant" and, as a rule, they form a reserve army of the unemployed. Losing a job is one of the most frustrating events in a person's life. Most people rely on their own income to maintain a standard of living. At the same time, people receive not only income from labor, but also get a sense of personal perfection. Losing a job means lowering your standard of living, worrying about the future, losing self-esteem. Therefore, it is not surprising that politicians in the process of fighting for a seat often talk about how their proposed policies will help create new jobs and tackle unemployment problems. Raising this issue is important today, when Georgia's unemployment rate has reached a historic high and Georgians are trying to sell their votes in the elections for 20-50 GEL. Unbelievable things were happening during the last election: bribery, threats, blackmail, physical or moral terror - these were the hallmarks of the last election. Why? The main reason for this is of course poverty and hardship, which is a result of the unemployment in the country. The following main types of unemployment are distinguished: frictional, structural and cyclical unemployment, although there are other types (forms) of unemployment that exist in the modern economy. The essence of frictional, structural, cyclical, seasonal, regional, hidden, demographic, institutional, voluntary and suspended unemployment and socio-economic consequences are explained through statistics. As for the employment problem. It has been shown that in modern Georgia, as time goes on, the share of the employed population in the labor force is decreasing more and more. In 2007, 321,3 thousand people were employed in the public sector, while 1,256 1 thousand of our citizens were employed in the non-governmental sector. Recently, the number of employees in the public sector has greatly increased, however, by 2020 the number of employees in the non-governmental sector has decreased to 947,1 thousand. The answer is clear: the private sector does not create jobs. It is also interesting to find employment by economic activity, for example: agriculture, forestry and fish farming had 202 thousand employees in 2020, while these data in 2017 were 246 thousand. The number of people employed in wholesale and retail trade, repair of cars and motorcycles has increased. E.g. In 2017, their number was 174 thousand employees, and in 2020 this number increased to 188 thousand. All this shows that we are a nation mainly employed in the field of trade and not a producing nation. The number of car and motorcycle mechanics has greatly increased. This shows that mostly our citizens are buying old, depreciated cars and motorcycles, that need major repairs. In addition, the number of employees in the field of transport and warehousing has positive dynamics. In 2017, 70,1 thousand people were employed here, and in 2020, their number increased to 79,2 thousand. Employment in economic activities, various sectors of the economy, rural and urban employment in different age groups are shown, as well as the number of self-employed. Keywords: Unemployment, employed, market economy, income, economic activities, unemployment problems.
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44

Micciolo, Rocco, and Michele Tansella. "Stagionalità, condizioni lavorative e suicidio in Italia. Una rassegna delle ricerche epidemiologiche più recenti." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 1, no. 3 (December 1992): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00006758.

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RiassuntoIn questo lavoro vengono riassunti i risultati delle ricerche sul suicidio condotte negli ultimi quattro anni dal gruppo del Servizio della Psicologia Medica dell'Universita di Verona. È stata analizzata; mediante l'analisi armonica, la stagionalità del suicidio in rapporto al sesso ed all'area geografica. Sono emerse differenze qualitative fra i due sessi (una sola, importante, armonica nei maschi e due nelle feminine), una maggiore stagionalità nelle zone rurali rispetto a quelle urbane ed un generale aumento della stagionalità passando dal Nord al Centro e al Sud. Per quanto riguarda i rapporti fra suicidio e disoccupazione, sono emersi due risultati principali: un maggior rischio di commettere suicidio fra i soggetti disoccupati (molto più evidente fra la popolazione maschile), una contrapposizione Nord-Sud con tassi di suicidio più elevati al Nord (particolarmente nella popolazione disoccupata) e con tassi di disoccu- pazione più elevati al Sud.Parole chiaveanalisi armonica, cluster analysis, disoccupazione, stagionalité, suicidio.SummaryThis paper summarizes the results of the studies on suicide performed over the last four years in Verona the Psychological Medicine Service. Seasonal variation in suicide in Italy has been assessed by means of harmonic analysis. While in males the only important seasonal harmonic was the first (one cycle per year), in females there was an important first harmonic and a second harmonic (two cycles per year). When thesetting (urban or rural) and geographical location (Northern, Central or Southern regions) were taken into account, a greater seasonality was found in the rural than in the urban settings and in the Northern than in the Southern regions. When the relationship between suicide and unemployment was evaluated, two main resultswere found: higher suicide rates among the unemployed (mainly in males); higher suicide rates in Northern regions (particularly among unemployed) and higher unemployment rates in Southern regions.
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45

Qachmas, Erkin. "IMPACT OF AGRICULTURE SEASONALITY AND SEASONAL UNEMPLOYMENT ON POVERTY IN AFGHANISTAN - EVIDENCES FROM PASHTONKUT DISTRICT OF FARYAB PROVINCE." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2020.v05i02.009.

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46

Singh Rajput, Arjun, Latika Sharma, P. S. Shekhawat, and Vikash Pawariya. "Estimation of seasonal surplus labour in agriculture in different agro-climatic regions of Rajasthan." Environment Conservation Journal 23, no. 1&2 (February 1, 2022): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.021873-2142.

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The present investigation was undertaken with a view to estimate the total surplus labour in agriculture to get an idea of how far agriculture provides employment to those who are fully engaged in it. The author then estimates the extent of surplus labour which is removable and the extent of seasonal surplus labour in different agro-climatic regions of Rajasthan as well as state as a whole. For this study, the primary data were collected from 200 households of 10 villages during 2018- 2019 and secondary data were used from census 2011. The results showed that there exists the total surplus labour ranging from 49.45 % in arid western and northern plain region to 80.13 % in semi-arid and flood prone region with the state level estimate of 68.33 % of labour availability. It was estimated that at the state level seasonal surplus labour is 10.51 % of the labour availability. Across the regions, the seasonal surplus labour ranges from 5.93 % in sub-humid and humid southern plain region to 19.61 % in arid western and northern plain region. This cause the unemployment, lower productivity of labour and migration of labour. To overcome such type of problems initiative to integrate MGNREGA with agriculture, create additional income opportunities for agricultural labourers, entrepreneurship training, small scale industries, and establishment of agri-business units.
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47

Marchand, C. "The Impact of Monetary Activity upon Regional Housing Markets: A Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 17, no. 7 (July 1985): 889–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a170889.

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The application of maximum entropy spectral analysis to time series measuring economic activity in Canada allows the identification of the time scales of cyclical variations specific to given sectors and to five diverse regions. Aggregate economic activity as measured by the unemployment rate is influenced by a major cycle and seasonal variations. In contrast, monetary activity is solely dominated by a [Formula: see text]-year cycle and can only be an efficient policy device for sectors which fluctuate around the same periodicity on the short term. Such is the case for residential construction which is shown to cohere moderately with interest rates as well as to lag changes in such rates by a significant time span.
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GOOSE, NIGEL. "Poverty, old age and gender in nineteenth-century England: the case of Hertfordshire." Continuity and Change 20, no. 3 (December 2005): 351–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416005005618.

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This article examines the relative incidence of poverty among the elderly in nineteenth-century Hertfordshire with special reference to gender. Both national and local sources are employed to highlight the particular difficulties experienced by the elderly, male poor under the New Poor Law, and the short and long term problems they faced as a result of seasonal unemployment and an overstocked labour market. For elderly women, the extent to which their poverty was relieved by employment in cottage industry, almshouse accommodation, the continuing receipt of out-relief and a higher incidence of family support are examined to provide an assessment of the manner in which poverty was gendered in the nineteenth century.
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S.Jayalakshmi Priya. "Housing for Farm Workers in Kondarajanahalli-A Study." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 6, no. 6 (November 28, 2022): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i06.075.

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Agricultural workers or Farm Workers are a highly vulnerable lot. The main purpose of this study was to find out if the hundreds of farm workers working in the selected five villages of Kondarajannahalli gram panchayath of Kolar district have access to a very basic neccessityhousing. They belong to the unorganized sector. Today their numbers are increasing thanks to the loss of agricultural land to urban expansion and renewal. To understand the ground realities better a survey was conducted in Kondarajanahalli gram panchayath of Kolar district. The research gap has shown that with the high mechanization of agriculture and decreasing farm land it has resulted in the direct fallout of seasonal and disguised unemployment . The problem of unemployment has brought down the household income and made housing a huge problem. Though the government has brought out many housing schemes for the homeless farm labor the real rural poor still many are left out of the safety net. Here a problem of demand and supply has risen in a uncontrolled manner. Heavy work competition and all for meagre wages has pushed these hapless hordes into hunger and starvation. They are not to be confused with sharecroppers.They slept in groups on the edges of fields in rural areas and while those migrating to urban areas slept on footpaths. So how was their housing problem addressed? This study intends to find this out. The sample size was 150 and covered five villages of Kondarajannahalli GP. The research methodology used was collecting both primary and secondary data . Simple random sampling was used to elicit answers from the farm labour and percentage method was used to analyse the collected data. The findngs showed that indebtedness and low wages were the main economic drawbacks for not having access to houses. Besides fragmented peices of land and not finding farm work within their own villages was another drawback because they had to go as migrant workers to cities in search of jobs thus falling prey to jobbers or middlemen. They were bundled into lorries or tractors to cities and made to work for a pittance. The solution lay in distributing houses without harping on ration cards as it’s a well known fact that farm workers suffer from seasonal unemployment and are akin to migrant labor who work around the year in different places and different jobs.
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Shahi, Bhupendra Bahadur. "Agricultural Modernization and Rural Development: Reference to Traditional Agriculture Transformation in Nepal." Journal of Nepalese Management and Research 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnmr.v4i1.52780.

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This study has aimed to analyze the process of agricultural modernization and rural development in Nepal that focused on the issue, the contribution of agricultural growth and rural development in the case of agriculture modernization. It is qualitative in nature based on secondary literatures such as theory of agriculture modernization and some relevant literatures of Nepalese economy were reviewed to analyze the level of agriculture modernization of Nepal; agriculture has significantly contributed in its national economy as one of the dominant sectors; the sector found not being transformed even the numbers of policy measures implementing for its modernization. Still the most of the Nepalese people depends upon traditional agriculture sector as their major source of income, struggling in a adverse situation in this sector both in economic growth and farm productivity. In the context of agriculture modernization, the country has brought various policy measures and programs before and after establishing democracy in 1990.Various policies and programs aimed, Nepal would go through the process of agricultural transformation even though, and the result found to be remained the same. It is happening because of the policy gap in the process of formulation and implementation; still most of the Nepali farmers are engaged in the traditional agriculture that is subsistence. There is also found the situation of high ratio of unemployment, underemployment, seasonal unemployment and disguised unemployment in the country. Thus, the country Nepal has probably found to be failing in the process of agriculture modernization and the ratio of economic growth contribution in the gross national economy has gradually been decreasing instead of being radical increase from a decade 2011 to 2021.
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