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Journal articles on the topic 'Seat quota'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Wang, Vibeke, and Mi Yung Yoon. "Recruitment mechanisms for reserved seats for women in parliament and switches to non-quota seats: a comparative study of Tanzania and Uganda." Journal of Modern African Studies 56, no. 2 (2018): 299–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x18000174.

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AbstractTanzania and Uganda are among the most cited countries employing reserved-seat quotas. They adopted these quotas in 1985 and 1989, respectively. However, the two countries use different mechanisms to recruit reserved-seat members of parliament (MPs). Drawing on interview data from Tanzania and Uganda, this study compares the two models in terms of their effectiveness in facilitating the transfer of female MPs to non-quota seats in subsequent elections, thereby furthering women's sustainable representation. We find that the Tanzanian model is superior because it compartmentalises quota

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2

Muhdi, Muhdi, Kacung Marijan, Aribowo Aribowo, Mohammad Fauzi, and Umi Hanik. "Probabilities and seat gains of minor parties in the 2019 municipal legislative election in Surabaya City, Indonesia." Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 37, no. 2 (2024): 192–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v37i22024.192-207.

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This study examines the relationship between seat acquisition probabilities and the acquisition of minor party seats in the 2019 Surabaya City DPRD election. This research is crucial because theoretically the proportional representation electoral system quota/allocation of electoral district seats (dapil) has the probability to be accessed by all parties participating in the election, but in fact in the 2019 Surabaya City DPRD election the quota/allocation of seats was dominated by large parties. This research method is library research with the analysis technique using the Pearson Product Mom

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3

Gallagher, Michael. "Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities." British Journal of Political Science 22, no. 4 (1992): 469–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400006499.

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The relationship between electoral systems can be examined on a number of dimensions. Seat allocation methods are conveniently divided into two groups: those based on largest remainders and those based on highest averages. The single transferable vote has its own distinct characteristics. Focusing on certain elements – the quota, thresholds, paradoxes and the conditions under which a majority of seats can be won – enables comparisons to be drawn between seat allocation methods. Certain seat allocation methods conventionally seen as variants of proportional representation (PR) cannot be regarde

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Ibrahim, Aisha Fofana. "Whose Seat will become Reserved?" African and Asian Studies 14, no. 1-2 (2015): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341330.

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Post-war reconstruction efforts in Sierra Leone combined with global discourses around issues of democracy and participation have, to some extent, created a space for political engagement of traditionally marginalized groups, including women. Women’s political engagement has, in recent times, centered around a campaign for a 30% constitutionally mandated gender quota system which, it is believed, will be the most effective way to get more female representation in legislatures as well as close the wide gap that exists numerically between both genders in the public sphere. This paper seeks to ex

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Edgell, Amanda B. "Vying for a Man Seat: Gender Quotas and Sustainable Representation in Africa." African Studies Review 61, no. 1 (2018): 185–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2017.136.

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Abstract:This article explores the impact of gender quotas on sustainable representation in Africa. Sustainable representation is broadly defined as viable and substantial political representation secured for the long run. The research draws on evidence from cross-national election data and two case studies, Uganda and Kenya, which demonstrate that women rarely exceed the minimum thresholds set by gender quotas. This suggests that these quotas may have a ceiling effect on women’s representation. For gender quotas to generate long-term representational outcomes, they must be designed to account

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Westfall, Aubrey, and Carissa Chantiles. "The Political Cure: Gender Quotas and Women's Health." Politics & Gender 12, no. 03 (2016): 469–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x16000167.

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Political gender quotas have become the institutional solution for most governments hoping to increase women's descriptive and substantive representation in national and local government, despite the lack of consensus over whether quotas have a consistent positive effect on the lives of women. We argue that the different forms in which quotas are implemented result in diverse effects in the substantive representation of women's issues. Using women's health to illustrate the substantive effect of women's political participation through quotas, we utilize multilevel models to find that quotas ar

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Campo, Frank a. "Sitzexzess und Sitzverzerrung des nordrhein-westfälischen Sitzzuteilungsverfahrens nach Rock." Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen 56, no. 1 (2025): 138–59. https://doi.org/10.5771/0340-1758-2025-1-138.

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On July 4, 2024, the North Rhine-Westphalian state parliament adopted a law amending the municipal election act. By this law, the apportionment method of Sainte-Laguë (Webster's method) applied so far in North Rhine-Westphalia is replaced by a so-called “quota method with percentual residual fit”. This method is examined here under the mathematical aspects of seat excess and seat bias. In the theoretical section, we demonstrate that it systematically favors larger parties in seat allocation while similarly disadvantaging smaller parties, resulting in significant seat biases. Applying the metho

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Zahruddin, Achmad. "PEREMPUAN DALAM BUADAYA POLITIK PATRIAKHI." JURNAL DINAMIKA 1, no. 1 (2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54895/dinamika.v1i1.769.

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The condition of parlement thougt that has gradually been canging from traditional thought into the more modern one sometimes result various demands to appear. How the participation in patriarchy culture that have domination one each ather. These demands include the wider people’s participation, in politics. In only rural people are pursuin this wider participation, another ‘marginalized’ group souch as the women’s group, is also showing their desire to get in volve actively in this field. This wider participation is viewed by women of the process to improve their sanity and involvements in po

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9

Muriaas, Ragnhild L., and Vibeke Wang. "Executive dominance and the politics of quota representation in Uganda." Journal of Modern African Studies 50, no. 2 (2012): 309–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x12000067.

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ABSTRACTQuota policies securing the presence of marginalised groups in decision-making bodies have been adopted across sub-Saharan Africa. These policies are frequently understood through the lens of a pluralist perspective. This stance is not appropriate in African regimes characterised by executive dominance. Through a qualitative study of official documents, newspaper articles and interviews conducted during two field studies in Uganda in 2005 and 2010, this article shows how the understanding of quota policies in Africa may gain from the corporatist debate on interest representation. The a

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Gendźwiłł, Adam, and Tomasz Żółtak. "Do Parties and Voters Counteract Quota Regulations? The Impact of Legislative Gender Quotas on Ballot Ranking and Preference Voting in Poland." Politics & Gender 16, no. 1 (2019): 199–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x18000880.

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AbstractThis article investigates how the introduction of gender quotas affected female representation in an open-list proportional representation system. Based on the Polish parliamentary elections of 2005, 2007, 2011, and 2015, it attempts to explain the gap between the share of female candidates and the share of female legislators. The authors estimate changes in individual electoral chances using logistic regression. Subsequently, counterfactual reasoning is applied to display the results in the metrics of seat shares. The analyses of candidate-level data demonstrate that after the introdu

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Garima Rathore. "The Principles And Rationale For Determining The Creamy Layer For The Other Backward Classes In India." Legal Research Development: An International Refereed e-Journal 6, no. III (2022): 08–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v6n3.04.

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The exemption of the creamy layer from quota benefits is a constitutional obligation that must be adhered to by the government. “The Mandal Committee was founded by former Prime Minister Morarji Desai’s administration with the remit to “recognize the socially or educationally disadvantaged.” It was chaired by legislator Bindheshwari Prasad Mandal and was charged with examining the issue of seat reservations and quotas for people to remedy caste prejudice. The commission's report affirmed the affirmative action practice established under Indian law, under which members of lower castes (referred

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محمود, دلشاد, and ياسين جوهر. "Impact of the Iraqi Council of Representatives Elections Act No. (9) of 2020 on the Representation of Disputed Areas (an Analytical Study)." Journal for Political and Security Studies 4, no. 7 (2021): 79–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31271/jopss.10047.

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After a long debate and a wide political debate about the proposed draft Iraqi Parliament elections law for the year 2020 AD, submitted by the President of the Republic, and under the pressure of the demonstrators in the sit-in squares, the parliament approved it and Iraq turned into multiple constituencies, and thus the electoral system was changed in effect through the division of Iraq Singles into small circles. Among the most important changes that this law brought about is Article 15 and 16. It considered that the number of electoral districts in each governorate should be equal to the nu

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Daulay, Harmona, and Rosmery Sabri. "Meritocracy and Analysis of Pierre Bourdieu in the Recruitment of Female Legislators in Medan and Deli Serdang." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 4, no. 2 (2018): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.42.1005.

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This study intends to find the current recruitment model for female members of legislative in the concept of meritocracy and the 30% female quota in parliament seat. The issue of money politic, dynasty politic, and woman quota are certainly far from the meritocracy concept that selected legislative members based on their skill and merit in politics. This research also intends to look at the capital in Pieere Bourdieu perversive also serve as an important tool for women legislative candidate to succeed in parliament. The intention of this research is to identify patterns in the current recruitm

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Salsa Zahrotun. "Perbandingan Penggunaan Metode Sainte Lague dan Kuota Hare pada Negara Indonesia-Korea Selatan-Irak." Staatsrecht: Jurnal Hukum Kenegaraan dan Politik Islam 3, no. 2 (2025): 259–81. https://doi.org/10.14421/2cnprd68.

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This research discusses methods for calculating election votes. The aim of this research is to find out the differences in method use in each country. The use of election vote counting methods varies by country, the ones highlighted in this article are the Sainte Lague method and the Hare quota. Sainte lague is converting the results of valid votes by dividing them using a certain number, while hare quota is converting election results by reducing the results of valid votes by the price of one seat. In this research, differences in the use of vote conversion are due to the assumptions of each

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Mustara, Mustara. "QUALITY ANALYSIS OF HEALTH SERVICES IN PUSKESMAS X BASED ON IMPORTANCE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS METHOD." Media Informasi 16, no. 1 (2021): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37160/bmi.v16i1.495.

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Community Health Centers is one of the leading units in providing health services to the community. Along with the increasing demands of the community for quality health services, the accredited Community Health Centers must always improve the quality of its services. This study aims to find out how the quality of health services is seen in terms of service aspects, staff attitudes, and room conditions and attributes that are considered important by patients to improved. This research is a quantitative descriptive method to the Importance Performance Analysis approach. The study population was

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Pandey, Avinash, Richa Mishra, and Neeraj Markandeywar. "Professional outcome of medical graduates: a 17 year cross-sectional study from India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 10 (2017): 3770. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174248.

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Background: In India, long term data regarding professional outcomes and geographical distribution of enrolled medical graduates is lacking. This adversely impacts policy for efficient healthcare delivery. Methods: A cross sectional survey of students enrolled as medical graduates in year 2001 was done at single point follow up after 17 years. Along with demographic data, gender, seat quota, post-graduate qualification, type of practice, discipline of choice and current geographic locations were collected. Logistical regression model with odds ratio was used to analyse association between vari

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17

Batto, Nathan F. "Female Electoral Success in Taiwan Using sntv with Reserved Female Seats under Authoritarianism and Democracy." International Journal of Taiwan Studies 2, no. 1 (2019): 111–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24688800-00201006.

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There is a debate over whether democracy is beneficial to female representation. Taiwan’s experience supports Krook’s (2013) contention that democracy may be necessary for gender quotas to produce sustainable female representation. Taiwan has employed gender quotas in single non-transferable vote (sntv) elections since the early 1950s, but this same system has had markedly different effects when embedded in different contexts. During the authoritarian era, female representation stagnated and the women who won often needed to invoke the reserved seat rule. After democratisation, women won large

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18

FTOUHI, Hind, Zakari KADIRI, and Mohamed MAHDI. "The Civil Society, the Commune, the Parliament: strategies for political promotion of young rural leaders in the province of El Hajeb, Morocco." Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos, no. 28 (June 29, 2020): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/reim2020.28.005.

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Bearing in mind that elections are an auspicious time to raise local political issues, this article analyses the strategies of young men and women leaders inthe province of El Hajeb in Morocco and how they negotiate their leadership roles at the local level. The article is based on observations and semi-structured interviews conducted with young leaders and resource holdersduring the legislative elections of October 2016. While some young people manage to accessmunicipal councils, the present authorsfind evidence to suggest that they cannot become parliamentarians because of being hampered by

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Wan‐Ling Hu, Anne, and William Ming‐Hone Tsai. "An empirical study of an enjoyment‐based response hierarchy model of watching MDTV on the move." Journal of Consumer Marketing 26, no. 2 (2009): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760910940438.

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PurposeThis paper adopts a response hierarchy model to examine drivers' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for using mobile digital television (MDTV) while on the move.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a regional quota sampling method to examine the viewing habits of drivers who have a mobile digital television installed in their vehicles and was carried out in two steps. The first stage had interviews with eight car stereo distributors, and the second stage used a questionnaire to ascertain the viewing habits and content selection of drivers watching TV in their vehicles.FindingsSEM

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20

Clayton, Amanda. "Do Gender Quotas Really Reduce Bias? Evidence from a Policy Experiment in Southern Africa." Journal of Experimental Political Science 5, no. 3 (2018): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/xps.2018.8.

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AbstractA well-documented policy experiment reserving seats for women village leaders in India suggests quotas decrease citizens’ gender stereotypes and increase career aspirations and educational attainment for young women and girls. But do these results generalize to cases outside of India? And how long must quotas be in place to observe the positive effects of women’s leadership? I present data from a similar policy experiment in the southern African nation of Lesotho to test whether citizens express less gender bias after 6-years of exposure to quota-elected women village representatives.

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Abdullah, Farhad Hassan, and Hawre Hasan Hama. "Minority Representation and Reserved Legislative Seats in Iraqi Kurdistan." Contemporary Review of the Middle East 7, no. 4 (2020): 381–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798920939821.

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Ethnic and religious minorities have played a significant role in the long history of Kurdistan. At an official level, their political position was significantly strengthened with the advent of autonomy for the Kurdistan Region in northern Iraq in 1992. Most importantly, a quota system was established that reserved seats for several minority groups in the Kurdistan Parliament, often cited as an example of tolerance for diversity and respect for minority rights. Nevertheless, there is a lack of empirical research examining how ethnic and religious quotas affect democratic stability, quality of

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22

Nyane, Hoolo, and Mamello Rakolobe. "Women’s representation in Lesotho’s legislative bodies. A Politico-Legal Analysis of the Effectiveness of Electoral Gender Quotas." Journal of African Elections 20, no. 2 (2021): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2021/v20i2a5.

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Women are under-represented in legislative bodies in the majority of countries, and Lesotho is no exception to this worldwide trend. In an attempt to address this problem, the country has adopted, through electoral laws, electoral gender quota systems for both local and national legislative structures. The country has introduced a 30% gender quota requirement for election to the local councils at the local level. At the national level, it introduced a ‘zebra list’ – the condition that when political parties submit lists for the purposes of 40 proportional representation (PR) seats in the Natio

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Nyane, Hoolo, and Mamello Rakolobe. "Women’s representation in Lesotho’s legislative bodies. A Politico-Legal Analysis of the Effectiveness of Electoral Gender Quotas." Journal of African Elections 20, no. 2 (2021): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2021/v20i2a5.

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Women are under-represented in legislative bodies in the majority of countries, and Lesotho is no exception to this worldwide trend. In an attempt to address this problem, the country has adopted, through electoral laws, electoral gender quota systems for both local and national legislative structures. The country has introduced a 30% gender quota requirement for election to the local councils at the local level. At the national level, it introduced a ‘zebra list’ – the condition that when political parties submit lists for the purposes of 40 proportional representation (PR) seats in the Natio

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Nyane, Hoolo, and Mamello Rakolobe. "Women’s representation in Lesotho’s legislative bodies. A Politico-Legal Analysis of the Effectiveness of Electoral Gender Quotas." Journal of African Elections 20, no. 2 (2021): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2021/v20i2a5.

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Women are under-represented in legislative bodies in the majority of countries, and Lesotho is no exception to this worldwide trend. In an attempt to address this problem, the country has adopted, through electoral laws, electoral gender quota systems for both local and national legislative structures. The country has introduced a 30% gender quota requirement for election to the local councils at the local level. At the national level, it introduced a ‘zebra list’ – the condition that when political parties submit lists for the purposes of 40 proportional representation (PR) seats in the Natio

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Ardhi, Nusantara Fathonisyam Putra, and Batan Made Londen I. "PERANCANGAN MULTIPURPOSE WHEELCHAIR." ROTOR 11, no. 2 (2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v11i2.9342.

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The limitations of the rooms in the hospital may be reasonable, but it will be a problem if this happens at certain times when there is an over the quota of patients such as during an outbreak of Dengue Fever or in the event of a natural disaster. Generally, patients must be willing to sleep on the floor just because of the limitations of the inpatient room and also the bed. To help overcome this problem, especially to help paramedic needs, a multipurpose wheelchair is designed so that in addition to being able to be used as patient transportation, it can also be used as an examination t

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Rossi, Steven P., Sean P. Cox, Mike O. Hammill, et al. "Forecasting the response of a recovered pinniped population to sustainable harvest strategies that reduce their impact as predators." ICES Journal of Marine Science 78, no. 5 (2021): 1804–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab088.

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Abstract The recovery of marine mammal populations has led to increased predation on commercially valuable prey species, creating conflicts with fisheries and calls for predator control. Grey seals are important predators of Atlantic Cod and Winter Skate in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (sGSL), and both species are likely to be extirpated unless grey seal presence in that ecosystem is strongly reduced. We aimed to identify harvest strategies that reduced grey seal presence in the sGSL to levels that favour fish recovery while maintaining grey seal conservation goals. We fit an integrated p

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O'Connell, Stephen D. "Can Quotas Increase the Supply of Candidates for Higher-Level Positions? Evidence from Local Government in India." Review of Economics and Statistics 102, no. 1 (2020): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00802.

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A one-third quota rule for women in local political leadership seats in India increases the number of female candidates who later contest seats in state and national legislatures. This arises from the candidacy of beneficiaries who gained political experience due to the quotas and career politicians who continue contesting in longer-exposed areas. The policy accounts for a substantial portion of the increase in female candidates for high office since the mid-1990s. Women have a higher probability of a top finish when running on major party tickets or contesting in areas that overlap with their

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Lihiru, Victoria Melkisedeck. "Domestic and international law contradictions in Zimbabwe's gender quota system." African Human Rights Law Journal 24, no. 1 (2024): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2024/v24n1a6.

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In 2013 Zimbabwe adopted a gender quota system for the National Assembly. However, the quota system is set at 30 per cent, contrary to international law obligations domesticated under section 17 of the 2013 Zimbabwean Constitution, which requires women to constitute at least half of all elected and nominated positions of power. While the Constitution further allows women to compete for first-past-the-post (FPTP) parliamentary seats, there are neither constitutional measures to ensure that women win FPTP seats, nor mechanisms to transition women from quota seats to FPTP seats. While the gender

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Maillé, Chantal. "Improving Democracy: Gender Quotas and Diversity in Canada." International Conference on Gender Research 5, no. 1 (2022): pp123–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/icgr.5.1.298.

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The adoption of quotas for the election of women is a worldwide trend that is changing the face of national politics in many countries. Research shows that such measures are successful. First, this text reviews international literature on the adoption of gender quotas for electing women and their impact on minority women. What are the processes leading to the adoption of gender quotas in different contexts? Who initiates the process? How do quota campaigns get started? In the second section, the text uses Canada as a case study to understand the starting point for gender and/or diversity quota

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Brennan, Mary, and Fiona Buckley. "The Irish legislative gender quota: The first election." Administration 65, no. 2 (2017): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/admin-2017-0013.

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Abstract In 2012 legislative gender quotas were introduced as part of the Fine Gael/Labour coalition government’s political reform agenda. The legislation specifies that payments to political parties ‘shall be reduced by 50 per cent, unless at least 30 per cent of the candidates whose candidatures were authenticated by the qualified party at the preceding general election were women and at least 30 per cent were men’. The 30 per cent gender threshold came into effect at the 2016 general election. Research demonstrates that gender quotas work to increase women’s political descriptive representa

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Luckerath-Rovers, Mijntje. "Gender Quota in the Boardroom: The Dutch Approach." Deakin Law Review 20, no. 1 (2015): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2015vol20no1art495.

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Since 2013 the Dutch Civil Code has required a minimum of 30 per cent women (and men) on both the executive and the supervisory boards of companies. The law is based on the comply or explain principle: companies that have not reached the 30 per cent target on one or other of these Boards should explain in their annual report why the seats are not evenly distributed, how the company has tried to achieve a balanced distribution of the seats and how the company intends in future to realise a balanced distribution of the seats. Research among the 87 listed companies in the Netherlands shows that t

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Matsa, David A., and Amalia R. Miller. "A Female Style in Corporate Leadership? Evidence from Quotas." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5, no. 3 (2013): 136–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.5.3.136.

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This paper studies the impact of gender quotas for corporate board seats on corporate decisions. We examine the introduction of Norway's 2006 quota, comparing affected firms to other Nordic companies, public and private, that are unaffected by the rule. We find that affected firms undertake fewer workforce reductions than comparison firms, increasing relative labor costs and employment levels and reducing short-term profits. The effects are strongest among firms without female board members beforehand and are present even for boards with older and more experienced members afterward. The boards

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Al-Tamimi, Huda. "Effects of Iraq’s Parliamentary Gender Quota on Women’s Political Mobilization and Legitimacy Post-2003." Contemporary Arab Affairs 11, no. 4 (2018): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2018.114003.

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Parliamentary gender quotas have become increasingly prevalent since the 1990s, yet in-depth research illuminating their effects on women’s political agency remains scarce. Iraq’s political evolution offers a unique perspective on feminist, democratization, and gender quota scholarship as related to Middle Eastern women in politics since the US and allied invasion of Iraq in 2003. Throughout Iraq’s modern history, Iraqi women’s ability to pursue legitimate political agency has fluctuated with changes in the country’s political climate. The 2003 invasion set in motion sweeping reforms to the ju

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Ørebech, Peter. "The “Lost Mackerel” of the North East Atlantic—The Flawed System of Trilateral and Bilateral Decision-making." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 28, no. 2 (2013): 343–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341276.

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Abstract The North East Atlantic mackerel is moving westward and northward. How to integrate new coastal states whose Exclusive Economic Zone is invaded by mackerel into existing decision-making processes? The 1982 Law of the Sea Convention, the 1995 Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement, the 1980 North East Atlantic Fisheries Convention, and bilateral and trilateral agreements between “relevant coastal states” fail to provide rules for present decision-makers to incorporate newcomers. The present harvesting states are sovereign with regard to admitting or refusing newcomers. This article argues fo

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Muharam, Ricky Santoso, Ari Pradhanawati, Fitriyah Fitriyah, and Supratiwi Supratiwi. "Gender Quota of Women Election Supervisors in The Implementation of Indonesian Election Law." Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 32, no. 3 (2024): 1165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.32.3.18.

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Election supervisors are part of the election organizers in Indonesia, regulated by Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning general elections. The regulation on women’s representation in the Election Supervisory Board (Bawaslu) is contained in Article 92, paragraph 11, as much as 30% of women’s representation. This research uses a qualitative approach using archival studies on various elections and affirmative regulations. The findings in this study are the results of women’s quotas spread across 514 regencies/cities. Male representatives numbered 1633 (85%) and women 274 (14%) out of 1907 commissione

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Nurlaina, Nurlaina, Muryanto Amin, and Warjio Warjio. "Motif Aktor Lokal dalam Kuota Pencalonan 120 Persen Partai Politik Lokal pada Pemilu 2019." PERSPEKTIF 10, no. 2 (2021): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/perspektif.v10i2.4604.

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This research explains the change in the nomination quota for members of the Provincial DPRD (DPRA) and Regency / City DPRD (DPRK) members for local political parties in the 2019 Election in Aceh Province from a quota of 100 percent to 120 percent based on the number of seats that have been assigned to each electoral district, because the provisions of the LoGA stipulated in the Aceh Qanun are different from the national provisions. The change in the quota cannot be separated from the influence of requests made by DPRA members who are cadres of one of the local political parties. As a politica

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Yoon, Mi Yung. "Beyond quota seats for women in the Tanzanian legislature." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 50, no. 2 (2016): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2016.1202849.

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Martínez-Panero, Miguel, Verónica Arredondo, Teresa Peña, and Victoriano Ramírez. "A New Quota Approach to Electoral Disproportionality." Economies 7, no. 1 (2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies7010017.

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In this paper electoral disproportionality is split into two types: (1) Forced or unavoidable, due to the very nature of the apportionment problem; and (2) non-forced. While disproportionality indexes proposed in the literature do not distinguish between such components, we design an index, called “quota index”, just measuring avoidable disproportionality. Unlike the previous indexes, the new one can be zero in real situations. Furthermore, this index presents an interesting interpretation concerning transfers of seats. Properties of the quota index and relationships with some usual disproport

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Lihiru, Victoria Melkisedeck. "The 30% Gender Quota Law in Sierra Leone: A Game Changer for Women’s Access to Parliament?" African Journal of Legal Studies 16, no. 3 (2024): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340109.

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Abstract The June 2023 elections in Sierra Leone occurred against the backdrop of amendments to the Public Elections Act (pea), the enactment of the Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment Act (gewe), and a switch from the First Past the Post (fptp) electoral system to the Proportional Representation (pr) electoral system. For the first time in Sierra Leone’s history, law reforms, among other things, introduced a 30% gender quota rule for parliamentary and councillorship seats. After the 2023 elections, women won 41 out of the 135 elected parliamentary seats, increasing the percentage of women

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Pratama, Arif, Arif Arizal, and Syariful Alim. "Sound Calculation Simulation System for Distribution of Chair Parliament Using Hare Quota and Sainte Lague Methods." JEECS (Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences) 4, no. 2 (2019): 703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54732/jeecs.v4i2.114.

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The conversion of the ballot for the division of parliamentary seats has become one of the historical points inthe development of the democratic order in Indonesia. How not, through a plenary session, the DPR RI finally finalizesthe discussion and decision making on the Election Bill proposed by the government. Conversion of votes is one of thecrucial issues to get the word consensus in the House of Representatives, because the method of voting conversionused will greatly determine the acquisition of seats for a political party. For example, if using the quota method, aparty can get 5 seats, b

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Davidson-Schmich, Louise K. "Gender Quota Compliance and Contagion in the 2009 Bundestag Election." German Politics and Society 28, no. 3 (2010): 132–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2010.280308.

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This article examines the candidates for the 2009 Bundestag election and asks three questions. First, did German political parties comply with their voluntarily-adopted gender quotas for their electoral lists—both in terms of the numbers of women nominated and their placement on the party list? Second, did parties without gender quotas place female candidates in promising list places? In other words, did quotas exert a “contagion effect“ and spur political groups without quotas to promote women's political careers? Third, what propensity did all parties have to nominate female candidates for d

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Prasain, Indira Devi, and Ram Prasad Dhakal. "Women's Representation in Three-tier Parliamentary Elections in Nepal 2017-2022." Journal of Knowledge and Innovation 10, no. 1 (2024): 38–49. https://doi.org/10.3126/jki.v10i1.67195.

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The gender quota is a significant strategy to enhance the global representation of women in legislative bodies. Nepalese Constitution 2015 implemented a 33 percent women's quota through a mixed electoral system, ensuring their inclusion. The study analyzes women's representation in Nepal's three-tier parliament elections from 2017 to 2022, using a quantitative, descriptive research design with data from the Election Commission Nepal to identify patterns and trends in women's political participation. It evaluates the constitutional provisions for gender inclusivity through the theoretical frame

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Bjarnegård, Elin, and Pär Zetterberg. "Gender Equality Reforms on an Uneven Playing Field: Candidate Selection and Quota Implementation in Electoral Authoritarian Tanzania." Government and Opposition 51, no. 3 (2016): 464–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2016.10.

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This article investigates the dynamics that gender quota reforms create within and between government and opposition parties in electoral authoritarian dominant-party states. A dominant-party state regularly holds relatively competitive elections, but the political playing field is skewed in favour of the government party. We investigate the circumstances under which gender quotas’ goal of furthering political gender equality within political parties can be reconciled with parties’ electoral concerns. We address these issues by analysing the implementation of reserved seats by the three larges

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Casaca, Sara Falcão, Susana Ramalho Marques, Maria João Guedes, and Cathrine Seierstad. "Gender-Balanced Seats, Equal Power and Greater Gender Equality? Zooming into the Boardroom of Companies Bound by the Portuguese Gender Quota Law." Social Sciences 11, no. 10 (2022): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11100449.

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This paper seeks to analyse the potential for change in the gender quota law on corporate boards in Portugal. This is achieved by incorporating concepts and insights drawn from political science and the study of quotas in politics and adjusting these to the boardroom context. It adds to the literature on women on boards by shedding light on the importance of looking at descriptive representation, substantive representation, substantive equality and transformative institutional change, in order to understand a quota law’s potential for eliciting gender balance in the boardroom, as well as great

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Uhlmann, Sebastian S., Aloysius T. M. van Helmond, Elísabet Kemp Stefánsdóttir, et al. "Discarded fish in European waters: general patterns and contrasts." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 5 (2013): 1235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst030.

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Abstract To reduce the practice of discarding commercially fished organisms, several measures such as a discard ban and extra allowances on top of landings quotas (“catch quota”) have been proposed by the European Commission. However, for their development and successful implementation, an understanding of discard patterns on a European scale is needed. In this study, we present an inter-national synthesis of discard data collected on board commercial, towed-gear equipped vessels operating under six different national flags spanning from the Baltic to the Mediterranean Seas mainly between 2003

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Pastore, Patrizia. "Italian lesson about getting women on the board five years after the implementation of the gender quota law." Corporate Ownership and Control 16, no. 1-1 (2019): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv16i1c1art7.

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The gender quota Law No.120 of 12 July 2011 is the first example of affirmative gender action in Italian company law. This revolutionary Act has shown its effectiveness as well as its direct and indirect effects. In the first five years of its enforcement, Italy has achieved better results than expected: the number of board seats held by women has increased so significantly as to allow Italy to exceed the European average and to posit itself among the best European practices. However, the gender quotas imposed by law led to an excessive concentration of positions on a few women (similarly to m

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Nataliia, Kravchenko. "International legal status and regime of the exclusive economic zone and the open sea: comparative characteristics." ScienceRise: Juridical Science, no. 3(13) (September 30, 2020): 44–51. https://doi.org/10.15587/2523-4153.2020.214010.

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The scientific article "international legal status and regime of the exclusive economic zone and the high seas: comparative characteristics" is devoted to the study of the general understanding of the categories "exclusive economic zone", "high seas", as well as the definition of the international legal status and regime of the exclusive economic zone and the high seas, including for Ukraine as a maritime power, participating in activities for the use of the World Ocean. It is noted, that according to its legal status, the exclusive economic zone is an internation

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خليل, م. م. انور اسماعيل. "Iraqi Woman Political situation in Quota Framework after 2003." مجلة العلوم السياسية, no. 55 (February 20, 2019): 421–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30907/jj.v0i55.27.

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Abstract Since 2003. Iraq has begun a new phase in its modern history, which was after a long period of tyranny, repression of freedom of expression, and women were no better off than men; they suffered marginalization and exclusion, but after the fall of the former regime and the adoption of a parliamentary system of government, The level of participation in the government; where it approved the share of women in the legislative authority called "quota" which reflects the legislative level of a certain proportion of the seats in Parliament, amounting to 25%, and this is approved by the Iraqi

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Du, Xiaoya. "Gender Quotas and The Level of Citizenship of Women in Mexico." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 28 (April 1, 2024): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ytzt1c50.

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The United Mexican States, or Mexico, has been focusing on democratic reforms in the past few decades. One of the most notable among these is the gender quota policy that mandates a certain percentage of legislative seats be reserved for women. Focusing on this topic, the question asked in this paper is the effects of the gender quota—its implementation and evolution, specifically—on the citizenship of women in Mexico. This research is important, as it provides crucial support for the debate surrounding affirmative action policies, as well as democratization in general. In this paper, data is

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Poonam, Bedarkar, and Halmare Atul. "Security System for Car using CAN Protocol." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 2 (2017): 4–8. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd8272.

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The design consist of a central Airbag control unit ACU controls a number of related sensors within the vehicle like accelerometers, impact sensors, wheel speed sensors, gyroscopes, brake pressure sensors, and seat occupancy sensors. When the requisite threshold has been reached or exceeded, the airbag control unit will trigger the ignition of a gas generator propellant to rapidly inflate a nylon fabric bag. The inflated airbag reduces the deceleration experienced by the passenger during the crash through the process of venting gas out of small vent holes in a controlled manner absorbing the e

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