Journal articles: 'Seating comfort'

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Motavalli, Saeid, and Faiz Ahmad. "Measurement of seating comfort." Computers & Industrial Engineering 25, no. 1-4 (1993): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(93)90310-t.

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Velagapudi, Sai Praveen, and Gaur Gopal Ray. "The Influence of Static Factors on Seating Comfort of Motorcycles: An Initial Investigation." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 62, no. 1 (2019): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720819866955.

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Objective: The aim of the current study is to examine the influence of static factors on overall seating comfort in motorcycles and validate the use of static lab-based setups for evaluating seating comfort in motorcycles. Background: Seating comfort in automobiles has two factors, static and dynamic. Research on seating comfort of passenger cars has shown that when the magnitude of vibration reaching the seat is low, comfort is largely determined by static factors. Studies have also validated the use of static lab-based setups for research on seating comfort in passenger cars. Static lab-based setups are easy to develop, provide a controlled environment, and efficient for experimental research. The riding posture, mass distribution, and dynamics of a motorcycle differ from a passenger car and warrant further investigation to extend the results from the research on passenger cars. Method: The study compares subjective rating of seating comfort and objective measurement of seat interface pressure in two test conditions: a static lab-based setup and actual driving on a flat test track where the magnitude of vibration reaching the seat is low. The vibration at the seat is measured for the driving trial. A group of 18 male volunteers from TVS Motor Company participated in the study, and two motorcycles from the economy/executive segment of India are used in the study. The subjective ratings are analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s correlation. The vibration data are analyzed as per ISO 2631-1 to calculate the frequency-weighted acceleration, aw. Results: The results show that there is no significant difference between the two test conditions either in the objective measurements or in the subjective rating of comfort. There is also a statistically significant correlation between the subjective ratings of seating comfort in static lab-based setup and actual riding ( r = .77, p < .01, n = 36). The mean aw at the seat while driving in the test track used in this study is 0.2 m/s2. Conclusion: Static factors have a significant influence on seating comfort in motorcycles. When the vibration reaching the seat is low ( aw ≤ 0.2 m/s2), seating comfort is largely determined by the static factors. The use of static lab-based setups for evaluating static factors of seating comfort in motorcycles is validated. Application: The results of this study enable further research to understand the human criterion for seating comfort in motorcycles using static lab-based setups which are easier to develop and provide controlled environment that is essential for any research.

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Vanacore, Amalia, Antonio Lanzotti, Chiara Percuoco, Agostino Capasso, and Bonaventura Vitolo. "A model-based approach for the analysis of aircraft seating comfort." Work 68, s1 (2021): S251—S255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-208023.

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BACKGROUND: Aircraft seating comfort has a significant impact on passenger on-board experience. Its assessment requires the adoption of well-designed strategies for data collection as well as appropriate data analysis methods in order to obtain accurate and reliable results. OBJECTIVES: This paper focuses on the assessment of aircraft seating comfort based on subjective comfort responses collected during laboratory experiments and taking into account seat features and passenger characteristics. METHODS: The subjective comfort evaluations have been analyzed using a model-based approach to investigate the relationship between overall seating comfort and specific seat/user characteristics. RESULTS: The results show that the overall seating comfort perception is significantly influenced by the thickness of the seat pan, the backrest position (upright or reclined), the age of the passenger and the passenger perception of being comfortably supported at the lumbar region. CONCLUSIONS: The adopted model-based approach allows the analysis of subjective seating comfort data taking into account their ordinal nature as well as the dependency between evaluations provided by the same subject.

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Paul, Gunther E. "Biomechanical Aspects of Seating Comfort in Vehicle Seating Package Engineering." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 29 (2000): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004402980.

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Weishaupt, W. A. "Improvement of seating comfort due to a new wheelchair seating system." International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 10 (December 1987): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004356-198700105-00019.

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Weishaupt, W. A. "Improvement of seating comfort due to a new wheelchair seating system." International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 10 (December 1987): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004356-198712005-00019.

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Kar, Gourab, Kathryn S. Peditto, Sanjay Guria, et al. "Effects of Active Sitting Chairs on Short-Duration Computer Task Performance, Postural Risks, Perceived Pain, Comfort and Fatigue." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (2017): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601590.

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This study evaluated the effects of active and static sitting chairs on short-duration computer task performance, postural risks and perceived pain, comfort and fatigue. A repeated-measures, within-subjects study was conducted, in which 16 participants performed 40 trials of a computer-based homing task in four seating conditions. Computer task performance was operationalized using mousing and typing speed as the measures, postural risk was evaluated using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Perceived scores for pain, comfort and fatigue were reported through a survey administered at baseline and after each seated task condition. Results suggest that for short-duration computer tasks, active seating does not reduce mousing and typing speed; postural risks for musculoskeletal disorders do not significantly differ in comparison to static seating. Additionally, while there is reduction in perceived levels of comfort for active seating, the perception of pain and fatigue do not change significantly.

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van Veen, Sigrid, and Peter Vink. "Can Prior Experience Influence Seating Comfort Ratings?" Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 24, no. 2 (2016): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1064804615611268.

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Most research on product comfort focuses exclusively on the use of the evaluated product (e.g., Kyung, Nussbaum, & Babski-Reeves, 2008; Harih & Dolšak (2013). We sought to investigate the influence of a sitting precondition on ratings for first impression of comfort, short-term comfort, and discomfort of a product. The aim was to assess if and how sensations experienced prior to product use affected product evaluation. Therefore, a vehicle seat was evaluated with two preconditions in a within-subjects design. The comfort model of Vink and Hallbeck was extended according to the findings of this study.

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Ramalingam, M., and D. Davidson Jebaseelan. "The effect of vibration characteristics of an automotive seating system on ride comfort – A finite element study." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 18 (2019): 6588–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219858172.

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The Automotive Seating System (ASS) is an important sub-system in a car for increasing the ride comfort of driver/occupant and hence the need for a systematic study on the vibration characteristics of ASS is of importance. The present study finds out the vibration characteristics of four models of automotive seating system, with and without dummy mass using finite element analysis. The vibration mode shapes such as lateral, fore-aft and twisting of automotive seating system found in the frequency range 0-80 Hz for the four models of automotive seating system and correlated with experimental results found in the literature. The natural frequency of the seat with dummy mass was found to be in the human discomfort zone of the spinal column (10–12 Hz) and abdomen (4–8 Hz). The vibration transfer to occupant body was studied at 11 positions, with unit acceleration given at four mounting locations of automotive seating system in three directions separately. The vibration transmissibility was found to be higher than one in seat backrest. The random vibration analysis was carried out to identify the acceleration level of automotive seating system, subjected to smooth and rough road excitations. In the case of rough road random excitations, the results of root mean square acceleration values in automotive seating system show that the driver/passenger feels “fairly comfortable”. This study emphasizes the importance of the ride comfort of driver/occupant. To enhance the ride comfort, the stiffness of seat structure has to be modified and suspension system has to be introduced.

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Yao, Jian. "IDENTIFYING OCCUPANTS' APPROPRIATE SEATING POSITION AND VIEW DIRECTION IN OFFICE BUILDINGS: A STOCHASTIC SHADE CONTROL BASED MULTIOBJECTIVE VISUAL COMFORT OPTIMIZATION." Journal of Green Building 15, no. 1 (2020): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.15.1.15.

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ABSTRACT Manually operated solar shades have a significant impact on indoor visual comfort. This research investigates occupants' appropriate seating position and view direction in a west-facing office cell using a previously developed shade behavior model. The non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) based Multi-objective optimization was adopted to identify the optimal and near optimal solutions. Daylight and glare index were used as two visual comfort objectives for optimization and robustness of optimization results against shade behavior uncertainty that was analyzed using statistical analysis. Results show that near optimal solutions can be used instead of the optimal one since they provide more flexibility in seating positions while maintaining almost the same visual comfort performance. And thus, the appropriate seating position considering occupants' preference is 1.5m away from the external window with two view directions near parallel to the window for west-facing office rooms.

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Phothong, Kangwarn, and Benjapol Worasuwannarak. "Aircraft seat: the study of airline seat pitching and comfortable." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 08018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124408018.

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Legroom is the most critical of the aircraft economy category that affects passenger comfort. Legroom is the most significant improvement in passenger comfort, particularly in today’s Low-Cost carrier, by reducing the legroom to 29 inches on average, whereas the usual seat pitch of the full-service airline is 31 inches. The capacity to change the seat pitch is in the range of 28 to 43 inches within the airline interior mock up. A study to investigate the function of seat pitches that affect passenger well-being during en-route flights. In the main analysis, the understanding of the various seat pitch settings and the ability to relocate seating postures for passengers during short-haul and long-haul flights are shown. In addition, during flight time, the research aims at the emotion of the passenger in the seat duration. As a result of this study, it demonstrates the role between the airline’s seating concept and seat pitch anthropometry that can be established and enhance the passenger posture feature while seating on the limited seat. In addition, the technique of seating in the minimal of seat pitches for passengers to become the flight comfort well.

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Gaja, Vítězslav. "Increasing User Comfort for Public Seating - User Interaction with Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.809.

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This paper focuses on possibilities in increasing the user comfort of seating furniture in public waiting interiors. There are several aspects helping to achieve the best comfort of sitting, such as appropriate ergonomic design, shape, or material composition. While every of the said aspects have a significant impact on the final comfort, it would be better, or even essential, to adopt a complex view of this issue. One of the complex ways to increase the user comfort is to observe the interaction of the human (the “user”) with the material. The paper describes tactile properties in the interaction with basic types of materials the public gets in direct contact with when sitting in public waiting interiors. The conducted research focuses on tactile properties leading to contact comfort of the most used materials, and analyses the properties in relation to temperature, roughness, hardness and comfort. The four mentioned tactile properties are essential for our goal – an increase in user comfort. The preferred materials were defined according to a preceding terrain survey which explored what materials are most commonly used for present seating furniture. The paper then presents the methodology and results of the research focusing on interaction between the human user and the material. The results of the said research might prove useful for future designing and development of seating furniture which focuses on the user’s sensational balance and calmness, i.e. the optimal comfort.

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Koyano, M. "Quantification of static seating comfort of motorcycle seats." JSAE Review 24, no. 1 (2003): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0389-4304(02)00251-5.

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Velagapudi, Sai Praveen, and Gaur Gopal Ray. "Development of a Seating Comfort Questionnaire for Motorcycles." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 59, no. 8 (2017): 1249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720817735929.

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Verver, M. M., R. de Lange, J. van Hoof, and J. S. H. M. Wismans. "Aspects of seat modelling for seating comfort analysis." Applied Ergonomics 36, no. 1 (2005): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2004.09.002.

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Pijls, Ruth, Mirjam Galetzka, Brenda H. Groen, and Ad T. H. Pruyn. "Comfortable seating: The influence of seating comfort and acoustic comfort on customers’ experience of hospitality in a self-service restaurant." Applied Ergonomics 81 (November 2019): 102902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102902.

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Maňák, Hynek. "Applications of Mechatronics in Seating Furniture." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 5 (2014): 1021–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462051021.

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Mechatronics is gradually being used in different fields of the production process and final products. In the field of home seating furniture, it has not been formally declared as such yet. The purpose of further development of seating furniture is to improve its ergonomic parameters, to improve user comfort in controlling and using seating furniture or to provide new additional functions of seating furniture. Application of mechatronic principles can be presumed within the framework of this development. An analysis of the current state of reclining seating furniture, which uses mechanical and electromechanical positioning mechanisms, is conducted in order to formulate possible fields of applying mechatronics. The analysis defines individual ergonomic parameters which are influenced in reclining of seating furniture. This analysis is used as a basis for formulating a hypothesis describing potential development fields of applying mechatronics in home seating furniture.

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Hartantyo, Sugeng Dwi, and Hammam Rofiqi Agustapraja. "ANALISA KINERJA KA KOMUTER SURABAYA – LAMONGAN." UKaRsT 2, no. 2 (2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v2i2.268.

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The operation of commuter trains is preferred for the middle to lower class. But in fact the prospective commuter train passenger complains of comfort in this case relating to the number of seats and standing places available. The discussion in this final project is to analyze the comfort of the seats and stands that have been set, to analyze the capacity of operational vehicle KA commuter Surabaya-Lamongan, to answer the problem then conducted research on KA commuter and related institution. from the result of analysis got value of seat comfrot (r) = 0,4 m2 / space and standing comfrot value (σ) = 0,87mm2 / space the total capacity of one set of KA commuter (Cv) trains is 312 passengers while, the total seating capacity for a series of KA commuter is 248 passengers. Average load facor (lf) is 0,51.Keywords: Commuter Train, Performance, capacity, comfort level

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Corbridge, C., M. J. Griffin, and P. R. Harborough. "Seat Dynamics and Passenger Comfort." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 203, no. 1 (1989): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_209_02.

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The influence of the characteristics of the vibration input, the seat and the seat occupant on the transmissibility of vertical vibration through railway seat cushions has been investigated. Seat characteristics were found to have a larger effect on transmissibility than occupant or vibration characteristics. Laboratory measurement of the transmissibilities of ten different seat cushions demonstrated that if the cushions were fitted into vehicles, the occupant would receive significantly different rides. The need for standardized dynamic testing of vehicle seating is identified.

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Moon, Junho, Tridib Kumar Sinha, Sung Bok Kwak, Jin Uk Ha, and Jeong Seok Oh. "Study on Seating Comfort of Polyurethane Multilayer Seat Cushions." International Journal of Automotive Technology 21, no. 5 (2020): 1089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12239-020-0102-z.

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Blackler, Alethea, Claire Brophy, Maria O’Reilly, and Marianella Chamorro-Koc. "Seating in aged care: Physical fit, independence and comfort." SAGE Open Medicine 6 (January 1, 2018): 205031211774492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312117744925.

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Objectives: This research was intended to provide a greater understanding of the context and needs of aged care seating, specifically: To conduct an audit of typical chairs used in aged care facilities; To collect data about resident and staff experiences and behaviour around chairs in order to gain a deeper understanding of the exact issues that residents and staff have with the chairs they use at aged care facilities; To identify positive and negative issues influencing use of chairs in aged care facilities; To deliver evidence-based recommendations for the design of chairs for aged care facilities. Methods: Methods included a chair dimension audit, interviews with residents, experts and carers and observations of aged care residents getting into chairs, sitting in them and getting out. Results: Results showed that residents, experts and carers all prefer chairs which are above the recommended height for older people so that they will be able to get out of them more easily. Armrests were essential for ease of entry and egress. However, many residents struggled with chairs which were also too deep in the seat pan so that they could not easily touch the floor or sit comfortably and were forced to slump. Most residents used cushions and pillows to relieve discomfort where possible. Conclusion: The implications of these issues for chair design and selection are discussed. Variable height chairs, a range of chairs of different heights in each space and footrests could all address the height problem. Chair designers need to address the seat depth problem by reducing depth in most aged care specific chairs, even when they are higher. Armrests must be provided but could be made easier to grip. Addressing these issues would increase access to comfortable yet easy-to-use chairs for a wider range of the aged care population.

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Bang, Jun Ho, Chung An Lee, Heon Young Kim, Hak Jin Kim, and Kwon Yong Choi. "Optimization of the static properties of seat foam to improve the seating comfort." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 14 (2017): 1945–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016688782.

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In this study, we suggest an optimization process for the characteristics of seat foam to improve the seating comfort. The items selected for the optimization of the characteristics of seat foam are the initial comfort, the static comfort and the transient comfort. The evaluation items selected for optimization are the modulus irregularity factor, the amount of compression and the amount of sagging. The properties of the foam material which are the object of the optimization are simulated using fitting equations. The variables which have important influences on the expression for the foam characteristics are selected as the factors for the optimization. Additionally, the normalized relaxation modulus, which describes the time-dependent deterioration in the foam characteristics, is selected as one of the key factors. To design the experiments, a central composite design is selected from among the response surface methods. A second-order regression model is used to create the response surfaces, and the mechanical characteristics of the foam materials that influence the initial comfort, the static comfort and the transient comfort are evaluated by analysis of the response surfaces. It is possible to produce data on the foam characteristics which satisfy all optimization items by optimum designs.

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Seraj, Umi Salmah, and Mohd Farid Aladdin. "In-situ Study of Seating Static Comfort in Passenger Vehicles." MATEC Web of Conferences 152 (2018): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815202018.

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In today’s automotive market, comfort is huge selling point of a vehicle. Priority is given by buyers to how comfortable a seat feels during purchase decisions. The measure of comfort is harmonious mix of many aspects such as human ergonomics and physiological factors. However, a gap still exists between objective and subjective measures due to lack of emphasis by past researchers. This is particularly obvious in the lumbar support feature that has still not been able to address the health problems related to driving. This project focuses on bridging the gap by giving users the ability to define true preferred posture in realistic settings. This is done by the creation of a apparatus that allows users to individually manipulate the seat contour for optimum support in more segments than just lumbar area. The experiment is performed in 3 parts, where in each part different segments of the apparatus are manipulatable (lumbar segment, sacral & thoracic segment, and all segments). Sixty human subjects’ statistics are recorded (gender, age, BMI and height) and the subjects are palpated to locate internal joints. These joints are marked and postural angles between them are measured using a goniometer. In each seat configuration, the angles are measured and a comfort rating is taken to be compared. It was found that the posture angles are different among the 3 experiments, and there is a change in comfort felt. Some human factors have also been proven to contribute heavily to angles chosen by occupants.

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Rader, Joanne, Debbie Jones, and Lois L. Miller. "Individualized Wheelchair Seating: Reducing Restraints and Improving Comfort and Function." Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation 15, no. 2 (1999): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00013614-199912000-00006.

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Pramitasari, Diananta, Ulfaizah Sahril, and Ahmad Sarwadi. "The role of outdoor seating facilities for the elderly in dense settlements at Ngampilan Village, Yogyakarta." ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 6, no. 1 (2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v6i1.565.

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The environmental amenities of areas with a high elderly population need to be adjusted to support their lives and ensure they experience a healthy aging process. Therefore, this research examines the role of residential areas in providing support to the daily activities of the elderly for their optimal and everyday use of available outdoor seating facilities. Data were obtained from 25 outdoor seating facilities in a densely populated environment in Yogyakarta City center through observations, interviews, and person-centered mapping of the elderly as respondents. The results showed that the elderly utilize outdoor seating for social, recreation, rest, shelter, and household activities. Therefore, it is still necessary to improve the physical quality of seating in these facilities to ensure that they are maximally utilized by the elderly. The important aspect in establishing these criteria are as follows: (1) dimensions, (2) protection, (3) material, (4) Form, and (5) comfort.

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Liu, Ying, Xiu Feng Zhang, and Yan Ma. "Experiments and Evaluation of Body Pressure Distribution on Wheelchair Cushion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (June 2014): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.317.

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To study the relationship between wheelchair cushion shape and seat cushion comfort. By measuring sitting pressure distributions on wheelchair cushions with different shape, indices of sitting pressure such as the contact area, maximum sitting pressure were discussed along with method for subjective evaluation and objective test combination to analyze the relationship between seat cushion shape and seat cushion comfort. The experimental results from subjective assessment on three kinds of seat cushion indicate that the cushion shape is an important factor affecting seating comfort .The experimental results from objective assessment indicate that the contact area and maximum sitting pressure can preferably reflect the comfort of seat cushion and be used to evaluate the comfort of seat cushion.

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Wang, Xuguang, Georges Beurier, Mingming Zhao, and Jean Marc Obadia. "Objective and subjective evaluation of a new airplane seat with an optimally pre-shaped foam support." Work 68, s1 (2021): S257—S271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-208024.

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BACKGROUND: Aircraft seat manufacturers are making efforts to reduce seat weight while continuously increasing seating comfort. OBJECTIVES: To verify if seats with an optimally pre-shaped foam support could improve seating comfort while reducing seat weight. METHODS: The optimally pre-shaped surface was obtained from a synthesis of 95% of individually optimized compressed seat pan surfaces of a target population. Two new seats were proposed with two different cushions, one slightly softer and the other harder. Nineteen differently sized volunteers tested the two new seats and an existing seat randomly. After an assessment of initial discomfort, participants were instructed to watch a TV series for 50 minutes. A same questionnaire was used to assess both initial and longer-term discomfort. Contact forces and pressure distribution were analysed as well in-chair movements (ICM) during sitting. RESULTS: The two new seats exhibited lower shear, lower peak pressure and larger contact area on the seat pan as well lower number of ICM during the 50 minutes sitting. They also had lower initial overall discomfort, though significant differences between the seats were not found after the long sitting. CONCLUSIONS: Properly pre-shaped surface could be used as foam support to reduce the amount of foam while reducing seating discomfort.

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Sevilgen, Gökhan, Gürcan Sayaral, Muhsin Kiliç, and Halil Bayram. "Investigation of Thermal Sensation in a Railway Vehicle during Cooling Period." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 10 (2020): 461–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120935874.

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The paper presents an investigation of local thermal comfort of passengers in a railway vehicle. The railway vehicle model includes five different parts called modules, and each module had different properties such as passenger capacity and seating arrangement. A virtual manikin model was developed and added to the numerical model which includes convection and radiation heat transfer between the human body and the environment. The numerical simulation was conducted according to the EN 14750-1 standard describing the thermal comfort conditions for different climatic zones. Two different cases were performed for steady-state conditions. Meanwhile, measurements were taken in a railway vehicle cabin to validate the numerical simulation, and the numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental data. It is observed that the local heat transfer characteristics of the human body have significant importance for the design of an effective heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system because each module had different heat transfer and air flow characteristics. It is also shown that the thermal sensation (TSENS) index helps railway vehicle HVAC researchers to determine the reasons for discomfort zones of each occupant. Another important result is that using a single air flow channel did not meet the thermal comfort demands of all passengers in this railway vehicle. Therefore, multiple air flow channel design configurations should be considered and developed for these vehicles. Local thermal comfort models allow HVAC systems to achieve better comfort conditions with energy saving. The numerical model can be used for effective module design, including seating arrangements, to achieve better thermal comfort conditions.

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Tan, Chee Fai, K. F. Liew, S. N. Khalil, et al. "Numerical Modeling of Air-Based Bus Seat." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.610.

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Travel with long hours will create discomfort feeling for passenger especially express bus passenger. Long hour travel will create physiological stress on passenger. It may due to seat space limitation, noise, vibration, seat hardness as well as seat comfort. Seat comfort is a subjective feeling that related to psychological aspect of passenger. In this project, the bus passenger seat is integrated with air-based and gel-based material. In Malaysia, most of the express coaches are using polyurethane foam based cushion in the seat padding. This type of the seat padding may cause a bus passenger who sit for long journey will feel uncomfortable and fatigue. There are two main causes which lead to seating discomfort which is vibration and pressure distribution on the seat. The new design a bus passenger seat is using air-based cushion to improve the seating comfort. The air-based seat was validated by using MatLab SimuLINK software. In the model validation process, the parameters of air cell height gave effect on the pressure change rate of air cushion model. The comfortable level of the air cushion could be improved by reducing the pressure change rate and cell height.

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Jackson, Colin, Adrian J. Emck, Michael J. Hunston, and Philip C. Jarvis. "Pressure Measurements and Comfort of Foam Safety Cushions for Confined Seating." Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 80, no. 6 (2009): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/asem.2320.2009.

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Akgunduz, Ali, Subhash Rakheja, and Anthony Tarczay. "Distributed occupant-seat interactions as an objective measure of seating comfort." International Journal of Vehicle Design 65, no. 4 (2014): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvd.2014.063829.

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Bishu, Ram R., M. Susan Hallbeck, Michael W. Riley, and Terry L. Stentz. "Seating comfort and its relationship to spinal profile: A pilot study." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 8, no. 1 (1991): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-8141(91)90028-k.

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Anand, V., Amit Dongale, Davidson Jebaseelan, M. Jagannath, and Christo Michael. "Experimental and Numerical Study on Ergonomic Evaluation of Automotive Seating Comfort." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1128, no. 1 (2021): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1128/1/012051.

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Ekholm, Elizabeth. "The Effect of Singing Mode and Seating Arrangement on Choral Blend and Overall Choral Sound." Journal of Research in Music Education 48, no. 2 (2000): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345571.

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This study is an examination of the effects of soloistic versus blended choral singing and random versus acoustic choral seating arrangements on evaluations of choral blend and overall choral sound. Thirty-seven choral conductors, 33 voice teachers, and 32 nonvocal musicians rated performances of four pieces by a choir of 22 voice majors. Eight choristers were recorded individually during choral performances and solo, and their vocal production was evaluated by 12 voice teachers. Choristers rated experimental conditions for vocal comfort and choral sound. Results indicated that choral conductors preferred blended singing over soloistic singing. No significant singing mode preference, however, was found in choral evaluations by voice teachers and nonvocal musicians. Voice teachers ranked individual vocal production in blended choral singing lower than in soloistic choral singing, and both choral singing modes lower than solo singing. Acoustic seating positively affected evaluations of choral performance, individual vocal production, and choristers' vocal comfort and choral sound ratings.

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Xin, Ying, Xiu Ping Yang, and Lei Zhang. "Finite Element Analysis of Bicycle Saddle Based on Ergonomics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 215-216 (November 2012): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.215-216.497.

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Seating comfort is an important factor for bicycle-rider. It was shown that riding on discomfort saddle could affect the blood circulation system, genitourinary system of human, and harm to their health. In this paper, detailed finite element model of seated human associated with a prototypical bicycle saddle were established, and contact pressure between human body and the saddle was analyzed quantitatively. Then two positions of the saddle were considered, which included horizontal saddle and the one with an upward degree of 15. The contact pressure and the Mises stress over the polyurethane model and the industrial polypropylene model, as well as the buttocks and the perineal area of human body were obtained. The results show that contact pressure is centralized in body's buttocks and the perineal area, especially in the buttocks. Mises stress over human is lower when the saddle is horizontal compared with the upward raked one, in other words, horizontal saddle can improve seating comfort of human.

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Vedawala, Nidhi, and Sakshi Thakrar. "Are Cushioned Benches Better Option for Classroom Sitting?" International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 9 (2021): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210918.

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Background and Purpose: As per our Indian culture “atithi devo bhava” is part of respect and gratitude shown to any guest or visitor by offering to be seated in one of the basic piece of furniture, a chair. Its utilization is in various places like living rooms, offices, dining rooms, in schools and other work places. Chair varies in designs but in some schools comfort zone is not accomplished/fulfilled. Already lifestyle of teenagers have become imperfect due to continuous sitting in wrong postures, this can further lead to various postural changes and health disorders. The purpose of study was to take review about the comfort zone regarding cushioned benches used for classroom sitting in their institutions. So by this survey student’s response can be shown and changes can be made by making institutions head aware about basic problem their students and can avoid chronic disorders. Method: A qualitative method of research was used to conduct online survey of B.CA, polytechnic and physiotherapy college students. Also questions were asked regarding their comfort in classroom sitting along with their suggestions. Results: After survey 57.83% agreed that they are facing problem related with class room seating. Also 77.11% agreed problem emerging after long seating for more than 45 minutes. As per the suggestions from participants in reference of comfortable and sitting for long time period 49.4% suggested that cushioned benches are extremely helpful for sitting in the classrooms. Conclusion: After result and outcome of survey it concluded that the cushioned benches can prove better option for seating in classrooms along with comfortable and sitting for long time period. Key words: Sitting, classroom, cushion, benches.

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Shen, Wenqi, and Ian A. R. Galer. "Development of a Pressure Related Assessment Model of Seating Discomfort." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 10 (1993): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701039.

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This study consisted of the development of a factor model and a sitting interface pressure related assessment model of sitting discomfort, based on an extensive literature review. The factor model identified the force applied on the sitter's body as one of the main factors causing seating discomfort. The assessment model proposed that sitting discomfort mainly arises from feelings in the lumbar and buttock areas, and that local discomfort either depends upon or, is reflected by, the interface pressure. A pilot experiment was conducted to explore the utility of the assessment model by change of postural angles. Eleven subjects attended a 40 min sitting session. The independent variables were seat angle and seat-to-backrest angle. A pressure measuring device was used to record interface pressure between the subject and a prototype seat surface. A general comfort scale was administered after each pressure measurement. Results showed that all pressure measures were sensitive to postural changes of varied angulation, and that subjective ratings of comfort correlated with pressure measures, especially maximum pressure, average pressure ratio and maximum pressure gradient. Evidence from the pilot suggested that the model may have utility and eventually be used to assess seating discomfort.

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Astuti, Kadek Wedi, I. Wayan Suarnajaya, and Putu Eka Dambayana Suputra. "A CASE STUDY OF THE SEATING ARRANGEMENT OF THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS." International Journal of Language and Literature 4, no. 2 (2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ijll.v4i2.30293.

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This research aimed at observing the set-up of the seating arrangement during the instructions and identifying the students' reasons for having seating preferences. This study was conducted in SMP Negeri 1 Banjar, and the subjects were 32 students in 8F class. Two methods were applied in this study, namely observation and interview. Therefore, observation checklist and interview guide were used as the instruments. The results revealed that the set-up of the seating arrangement supported them in terms of comfort, flexibility in doing activities, doing tasks, spaciousness, and collaboration with the students. Meanwhile, it did not support them in terms of concentration, participation in class discussion, and collaboration with the teacher. Regarding their reasons for having particular seats, there were 14 reasons mentioned during the interview. Best friends and leaning on the wall were the factors that had the most and the least effect on the students in choosing their seats.

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Kremser, Florian, Fabian Guenzkofer, Claudia Sedlmeier, Olaf Sabbah, and Klaus Bengler. "Aircraft seating comfort: the influence of seat pitch on passengers’ well-being." Work 41 (2012): 4936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-0789-4936.

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Naqvi, Syed Abid A., Terrence J. Stobbe, and Majid Jaraiedi. "Prediction of elderly seating comfort from physical condition, chair type and gender." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 13, no. 4 (1994): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-8141(94)90086-8.

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Liu, Shenghui, Yunxia Qu, Shujun Hou, et al. "Comfort evaluation of a subject-specific seating interface formed by vibrating grains." Applied Ergonomics 71 (September 2018): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2018.03.013.

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Lin, Ting Ting, Xiao Yi Zhang, Chun Lei Sang, et al. "Driver Seat Lumbar Support Adjustments System Design Based on Ergonomics Principles." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1633.

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As a typical man-machine interface, vehicle driver seat directly affects driver seating and riding comfort. Lumbar support of driver seat plays a particularly important role in improving driver seating and riding comfort and is usually realized by installing adjustable lumbar support, which provides stable, comfortable support for drivers with different body sizes. Traditional lumbar support has several shortcomings, such as complex structure, high cost, insufficient adjustments ranges, etc. In this work, forward design method of lumbar support with adequate design confidence level was developed, with four-way electric adjustments system. Firstly, lumbar support adjustments ranges was analyzed according to ergonomic principles. Then the concept of lumbar support adjustments mechanism was designed and the parameters of adjustments mechanism were determined including the length and angle ranges of parts, motor and spring parameters, etc. Finally, with consideration of product processing technology and manufacturing cost requirements, detailed lumbar support adjustments system structure was determined. The validated system structure parts were produced and assembled into a prototype. The prototype was tested and accepted, which showed that not only the lumbar support system met the design requirements well, but also the forward design method presented was scientific and reasonable.

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Borrelli, Steve, Zoe Chao, and Chao Su. "Reflecting the voice of the student." Library Management 40, no. 1/2 (2019): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lm-10-2017-0102.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper, conducted at Penn State University, is to inform a redesign of the library facility integrating a Collaboration Commons projected to cost over $20m. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-methods design comprised of observation, focus groups, conversations with students, interviews with Knowledge Commons personnel and a UX Café was employed. Researchers investigated the students’ need for workspaces and soft-seating. Findings Findings suggested that students generally come to the libraries with a goal of being productive and they value the productivity generated by spacious and well-designed workspaces over the comfort of soft-seating. Students desire an increase in the availability of workspaces. Originality/value These findings informed facility enhancement recommendations, and have been integrated into the program statement made available to design firms bidding on the renovation project.

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Gimeno and Adlam. "Protocol: Using Single-Case Experimental Design to Evaluate Whole-Body Dynamic Seating on Activity, Participation, and Quality of Life in Dystonic Cerebral Palsy." Healthcare 8, no. 1 (2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8010011.

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Introduction: People with hyperkinetic movement disorders, including dystonia, experience often painful, involuntary movements affecting functioning. Seating comfort is a key unmet need identified by families. This paper reports a protocol to assess the feasibility and preliminary evidence for the efficacy of dynamic seating to improve functional outcomes for young children with dystonic cerebral palsy (DCP). Design: A series of single-case experimental design N-of-1 trials, with replications across participants, with a random baseline interval, and one treatment period (n = 6). Methods: Inclusion criteria: DCP; 21.5 cm < popliteal fossa to posterior sacrum < 35 cm; Gross Motor Function Classification System level IV–V; mini-Manual Ability Classification System level IV–V; difficulties with seating. Intervention: Trial of the seat (8 weeks), with multiple baseline before, during and after intervention and 2 month follow up. The baseline duration will be randomised per child (2–7 weeks). Primary outcomes: Performance Quality Rating Scale; Canadian Occupational Performance Measure; seating tolerance. The statistician will create the randomization, with allocation concealment by registration of participants prior to sending the allocation arm to the principal investigator. Primary outcomes will be assessed from video by an assessor blind to allocation. Analysis: Participant outcome data will be plotted over time, with parametric and non-parametric analysis including estimated size effect for N-of-1 trials.

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Gowtham, S., M. Ramnaath, S. Sudharsan, et al. "Seating comfort analysis: a virtual ergonomics study of bus drivers in private transportation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 912 (September 12, 2020): 022018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/912/2/022018.

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Khan, Zahid Akhtar, Talhah Shamshad Ali, NOOR ZAMAN KHAN, ANNAYATH MAQBOOL, and Rajesh Attri. "Ranking model for human seating comfort factors in automobiles: A best worst approach." International Journal of Services and Operations Management 1, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2020.10032713.

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Wada, Hiroshi, Yoshinori Toyota, Akio Horie, Takayuki Sasaki, Chitoshi Suzuki, and Hiroki Fukuda. "Automotive Seating Foams with Excellent Riding Comfort Prepared by a Novel Polypropylene Glycol." Polymer Journal 40, no. 9 (2008): 842–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.pj2008098.

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Hiemstra-van Mastrigt, S., I. Kamp, S. A. T. van Veen, P. Vink, and T. Bosch. "The influence of active seating on car passengers' perceived comfort and activity levels." Applied Ergonomics 47 (March 2015): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2014.10.004.

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Guevara, Diane. "Specialty Space: Breast Care Centers." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 14, no. 3 (2021): 358–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586721990563.

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As background, breast care centers around the world vary in interior design based on geographical location and the trends of the healthcare design process at the time of construction. However, at the forefront of healthcare interior design is the evidence-based design (EBD) process and the Universal Design (UD) guidelines. The Center for Health Design states that the EBD process differs from the linear design process, in that EBD uses relevant evidence to educate and guide the design decisions. The objective of this study was to support future EBD and UD use in the development of patient areas in breast care center interior design. The methods for this study incorporated an extensive review of the literature, examples of eight breast care centers around the world, observations, an interview, and a staff survey concerning the interior design of a local breast care center. The results revealed that using the EBD process and UD, to develop guidelines for patient areas in breast care centers’ interior design, directors could use guidelines to evaluate existing breast care centers or preconstruction for new breast care centers. This study concluded with design guidelines for patient areas in breast care center interior design. The recommended guidelines targeted the following features: robes (vs. hospital gowns), spa-like atmosphere, monochromatic color scheme, use of wood and stone, private check-in areas, wayfinding, room temperature comfort, seating comfort, seating style choices including bariatric, personal items storage, access to natural light, indirect artificial lighting, living plants, views of nature, flooring comfort, and wheelchair accessibility.

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Guo, Linchuan, Xu Wang, Rang-Lin Fan, and Fengrong Bi. "Review on Development of High-Static–Low-Dynamic-Stiffness Seat Cushion Mattress for Vibration Control of Seating Suspension System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (2020): 2887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082887.

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This review focuses on studying passive vibration isolation techniques and their applications. Advantages and disadvantages of different vibration isolation techniques will be compared in order to find an innovative method to reduce seating suspension system vibration and improve the ride comfort of vehicles’ drivers. Quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) isolators of high-static–low-dynamic stiffness are found to have good application prospects in low-frequency vibration isolation. In order to improve the isolation performance of the seating suspension system, a specially made seat cushion will be studied where a quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) isolator such as a double-diamond isolator is selected as one of the cells/units/elements of the seat cushion mattress. The double-diamond isolator structure does not represent the whole seating suspension system. The transmissibility ratio of the double-diamond isolator is evaluated by analytical and simulation models and compared to that of a conventional linear spring isolator. Although the performance of the passive vibration isolation/control system is usually worse than that of the active or semi-active control system, the cost of the passive vibration isolation/control system is lower than that of the active and semi-active control system, and the relative simplicity of adding a vibration isolation cushion mattress in an existing passive seating suspension system makes it low in cost, easy to implement, and more attractive than the active and semi-active vibration control systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Seating comfort'

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