Relevant bibliographies by topics / Seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant

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Academic literature on the topic 'Seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant"

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Magara, Y., M. Kawasaki, M. Sekino, and H. Yamamura. "Development of reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination in Japan." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 10-11 (2000): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0594.

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The seawater desalination facilities by reverse osmosis membranes in the world are reviewed. The largest seawater desalination facility using reverse osmosis started its operation at Chatan water purification plant in Okinawa prefectural water works. The high-efficiency seawater desalination technology which improves the recovery ratio of fresh water up to 60% developed by a manufacturing company of reverse osmosis membranes in Japan is explained. Finally the state of the art of desalination technology development using reverse osmosis membranes is discussed.
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Noshita, Masanobu. "Reverse osmosis seawater desalination for power plant." Desalination 96, no. 1-3 (1994): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(94)85186-7.

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Sivamani, Selvaraju. "FLOW ENERGY ANALYSIS OF REVERSE OSMOSIS UNIT IN SEAWATER DESALINATION PLANT WITH ENERGY RECOVERY DEVICE." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 12 (2022): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15851.

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The demand of water is increasing day by day because of population explosion and rapid urbanisation. In this regard, desalination is one of the prominent technologies for providing potable water from saline aqueous media. Among available methods of desalination, seawater reverse osmosis is commercially viable and practiced in many countries of the world. But high energy use is one of the drawbacks of reverse osmosis process. Hence, this study aimed to analyse flow energy of reverse osmosis unit in seawater desalination plant with energy recovery device. A conventional material and energy balances is applied for the analysis. From the analysis, zero loss is observed in recirculation pump and significant loss of 66.65 kJ/s is estimated in energy recovery device. It could be concluded that energy recovery device is a suitable option to reduce the energy use in reverse osmosis unit.
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Aoueryagel, Iman, Nihade Bensitel, Faiza Chaouket, Ihssane Raissouni, Iman Es-Smiri, and Dounia Bouchta. "Performance Study of the Al Hoceima Seawater Desalination Plant." E3S Web of Conferences 502 (2024): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450204003.

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The growing demand for freshwater, amplified by climate change, can lead to variations in precipitation patterns and cause more frequent and severe droughts, reinforcing the need for seawater desalination to meet these growing needs. Seawater desalination has become a vital solution in many countries, notably Morocco, which has launched an ambitious program to install seawater desalination plants using the reverse osmosis technique in semi-arid zones. The AL HOCEIMA seawater desalination plant came on stream in June 2020. To keep the plant running smoothly and assess the efficiency of all its operational processes, operating indicators for each treatment process were monitored and compared with expected performance. The results of the evaluation showed that the plant is performing well in terms of producing dimenarilated water by reverse osmosis, and this is due to the adequate pre- treatment adopted by the plant. However, optimizing the remineralization of desalinated water still poses a problem in terms of alkalinity and hardness. Treated water always has an aggressive, corrosive character.
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Kirikova, V., and P. Dmitriev. "Conceptual development of desalination plant for future nuclear submarines." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 1, no. 399 (2022): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2022-1-399-125-129.

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Object and purpose of research. This paper discusses seawater desalination plants for production of distillate to be used as feed water for main engines of Russian nuclear submarines, as well as the basis of potable water for drinking and household needs. The purpose of this work was to select the type of desalination plant for future nuclear submarines. Materials and methods. Currently, Russian nuclear submarines have two types of desalination plants, i.e. distillers and reverse-osmosis units. Each of these types has its own pros and cons, so the question of desalination plant type selection for future nuclear submarines becomes one of the most relevant. Main results. This paper briefly analyses marine seawater desalination systems in terms of their performance parameters and operation peculiarities (i.e. construction and operation challenges). Conclusion. As a promising path for desalination plants of new-generation submarines the authors recommend reverse-osmosis units.
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Hamad, Mohamed Wael, Abdul Rahman Hassan, and Abdul Salam Alrowaished Abdullah. "Materials and Corrosion in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Plants: A Review." Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences 8, no. 1 (2023): 74–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/myjas.2023.8.1.354.

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Desalination is emerging as one of the most promising solutions to extraction and increasing global demand for drinking water. A water purification process called reverse osmosis (RO), in which dissolved solids are separated from solutions by partially permeable membranes. Advances in membrane technology have resulted in the removal of up to 99% of salts in seawater. However, the process and system of seawater treatment RO are associated with many problems, such as scaling and fouling of the membranes, corrosion of the pumps, valves and piping system due to the highly concentrated salt solution and high chemical consumption. Nowadays, these problems have become very critical as they severely affect the desalination process and also massively deteriorate the performance and lifetime of the system components and materials. To ensure that the desalination process is always the best option for a low-maintenance, highly efficient and cost-effective system and process, a comprehensive study of these problems is essential. Therefore, this article addresses the characteristics of metallic materials and corrosion problems in the reverse osmosis process of seawater desalination, as well as the best solutions to focus on and evaluate for an optimal seawater desalination process, and the selection of the category of duplex stainless steels suitable for seawater desalination plants to reduce maintenance, avoid plant shutdown and ensure plant safety.
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Elnour, Mariam, Nader Meskin, Khlaed M. Khan, Raj Jain, Syed Zaidi, and Hammadur Siddiqui. "Full-Scale Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant Simulator." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 2 (2020): 16561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.780.

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Belila, A., J. El-Chakhtoura, P. E. Saikaly, M. C. M. van Loosdrecht, and J. S. Vrouwenvelder. "Eukaryotic community diversity and spatial variation during drinking water production (by seawater desalination) and distribution in a full-scale network." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 3, no. 1 (2017): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ew00265j.

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Mehta, Dhruv, Lovleen Gupta, and Rijul Dhingra. "Forward Osmosis in India: Status and Comparison with Other Desalination Technologies." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (October 29, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/175464.

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With an increase in demand of freshwater and depleting water sources, it is imperative to switch to seawater as a regular source of water supply. However, due to the high total dissolved solid content, it has to be desalinated to make it drinkable. While desalination technologies have been used for many years, mass deployment of such technologies poses a number of challenges like high energy requirements as well as high negative environmental impact through side products and CO2 emissions. The purpose of this paper is to present a sustainable technology for desalination. Forward osmosis, an emerging technology, is compared with the other commonly used technologies worldwide, namely, multieffect distillation, multistage flash distillation, and reverse osmosis as well as other emerging technologies like vapour compression, solar humidification dehumidification, nanofiltration, and freezing desalination. As energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions are one of the major concerns of desalination, this paper concludes that forward osmosis is an emerging sustainable technology for seawater desalination. This paper then presents the challenges involved in the application of forward osmosis in India and presents a plant setup. In the end, the cost comparison of a forward osmosis and reverse osmosis plant has been done and it was concluded that forward osmosis is economically better as well.
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Hapsari, Larasati Putri, Aris Kabul Pranoto, Widi Ayu Rinjani, Anasri Anasri, Ika Anjani, and Abdul Rahman. "Using Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) Technology in Seawater Desalination Processes." PELAGICUS 3, no. 3 (2022): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/plgc.v3i3.11302.

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Water is one of the basic needs for human life, including for people living on the coast. It is difficult to get clean water for consumption because most coastal areas are affected by sea conditions that have high salinity. In order to be consumed, the saline water must be desalinated. Desalination is a process to convert saline water into fresh water. One such desalination technology is using reverse osmosis (RO). The purpose of this study was to determine the process of desalination of seawater into freshwater using the seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) method. The method used in this research is observation, which is to see directly the stages of the desalination process of seawater into fresh water. The data was obtained in the form of primary data from observations and secondary data from the literature to support primary data. Analysis of the data used in the form of descriptive analysis by describing each stage carried out in the SWRO process. The results showed that the seawater desalination process using SWRO technology had 14 stages. These stages include; intake, raw water pump, raw water reservoir, UF feed pump, Automatic screen, ultrafiltration, UF water reservoir, RO feed pump, HPP & booster, RO membrane, RO water reservoir, permeate pump, chlorine analyzer, product water. In developed and developing countries, SWRO units have been widely used, because by processing seawater into freshwater, there are many benefits for the life cycle and it is environmentally friendly. It also maintains underground fresh water so that it can provide plant life, and trees that provide us with clean oxygen for our lives.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant"

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Gilabert, Oriol Guillem. "Optimization of ultrafiltration membrane cleaning processes. Pretreatment for reverse osmosis in seawater desalination plants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/108954.

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Esta tesis explica com mejorar la eficiencia del proceso de ultrafiltración en la desalinización de agua de mar. Esto se consigue optimizando diferentes procesos de limpieza como los contralavados y las limpiezas químicas mejoradas. Para conseguirlo se siguen diferentes estrategias como reducir el número de pasos de los contralavados, reducir la frecuencia de los contralavados, usar salmorra proveniente del concentrado de osmosis y reducir el consumo de químicos. Se propone una nueva metodología para analizar los ciclos de limpieza mediante la modelización del proceso. Diferentes tipos de fibra son analizados mediante su permeabilidad y tolerancia a la suciedad. Se presenta una nueva metodología para prevenir la cloración de las membranas de osmosis inversa causadas por las limpiezas químicas mejoradas que se llevan a cabo aguas arriba. Todos los descubrimientos son validados con datos obtenidos de plantas reales. Estas mejoras aumentan la eficiencia del proceso hasta al 98% y reducen el coste de operación de la ultrafiltración en un 7%.<br>This thesis gives an overview on how to improve efficiency of the ultrafiltration filtration process in seawater desalination. This is achieved by optimizing different cleaning processes such as the backwash and the chemical enhanced backwash. Key success factors rely on reducing the number of backwash steps, improving the backwash frequency, using reverse osmosis brine for backwashing and reducing the chemical consumption. A new methodology to analyze these cleanings cycles is proposed through modeling the process. Different fibers types are also analyzed according to its permeability and its fouling tolerance. A methodology to prevent reverse osmosis chlorination from upstream chemical enhanced backwash cleaning is presented. All the findings are validated through real plant operating data. The proposed improvements increase the process efficiency to 98% and lead to a 7% cost reduction in the ultrafiltration process.
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Lindkvist, Jonas. "Social, Economical and Technical Evaluation of a reverse osmosis drinking water plant in the Stockholm Archipelago." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32777.

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The drinking water plant in this case study is a combined groundwater and reverse osmosisplant in the Stockholm archipelago. The reverse osmosis purification step was added to theplant in 1995. This technique is relatively new in Sweden and there are possibilities for it tobecome a good complement to conventional drinking water treatment. The plant has used thistechnique for over 10 years with good results. It is therefore of great interest to evaluate anddocument it for the possibility to implement this technique in areas not connected toconventional drinking water production.Reverse osmosis separates the incoming water to a clean permeate and concentrate ofremoved particles, larger molecules and ions. This technique has a high purification degree. Itcan remove dissolved particles and microorganisms without disinfection. However, it isrelatively expensive due to a high electricity consumption compared to conventional drinkingwater treatment. The high electricity consumption in this kind of system depends on aphenomenon called membrane fouling caused by the constituents in the raw water, graduallybecoming enriched on the membrane surface.The aim of this thesis was to evaluate and document a drinking water plant in the Stockholmarchipelago from a social, economical, technical and environmental perspective. A socialsurvey in the form of a questionnaire was conducted to reveal opinions about the water qualityprovided by the plant. The economical evaluation was done to estimate the cost of drinkingwater production and find the water cost in Kr/m3. The technical part involved documentationof the plant layout and evaluation of its performance. To assess the performance historicalchemical and microbial analyses were evaluated. A mass balance was attempted to drawconclusions for the overall system. The environmental part of the plant assessment, includedan estimate of the electricity and chemicals use in the plant.The results revealed that from an overall perspective the water quality from the plant issatisfactory with some concerns about metal taste and turbidity that sometimes occur. Thepotential presence of dangerous algal toxins in the water was also a concern. The totalproduction cost in Kr/m3 is higher than expected and higher than sales price. In technicalterms, the plant has functioned well. However, there is a need to monitor more parameters inthe plant including; more flow parameters, concentrations of added chemicals and more waterquality parameters. Electricity consumption has been higher than expected. Control(throttling) valves in the brine reject are relatively large energy consumers and arecommendation is to investigate potential savings by changing them for pressure exchangevalves.<br>www.ima.kth.se
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Mondamert, Leslie. "Seawater desalination, autopsy and cleaning of reverse osmosis membranes recovered from full-scale plants and pilot units." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT2264.

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Guirguis, Mageed Jean. "Energy Recovery Devices in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants with Emphasis on Efficiency and Economical Analysis of Isobaric versus Centrifugal Devices." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3135.

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With huge demands for potable water in regions lacking fresh water sources such as surface or ground water, various potential technologies have been explored for eliminating water shortage. Seawater emerged as a potential source and a major lifeline for such water-deprived areas. The development of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) technology proved to be a groundbreaking innovation, making it easier to extract pure water from seawater. Ever since its inception, SWRO technology has taken many leaps towards the development of energy efficient and high yielding systems. The reduction in energy consumption of desalination plants that were based on the SWRO technology emerged as a major driver of the technology revolution in this field. The improvement of membrane life and salt rejection, increase in recovery, and decrease in energy consumption has been the primary criteria for sifting through available technologies for incorporation in desalination plants. Many developments have, ever since, occurred in this direction. The membrane life has multiplied and the Total Dissolved Solids in the product are now as low as 100 mg/L. In addition, recoveries of 40-50% have been achieved. By recycling energy, many SWRO desalination plants have significantly lowered their total energy consumption. With the help of energy recovery devices (ERDs), it is now possible to decrease power consumption and increase efficiency of the seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant. The first large-scale municipal SWRO plant was installed in 1980 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. This plant consumed 8 kilowatt-hours energy per cubic meter of water produced. This consumed energy was less than half of what was usually consumed by other conventional distillation processes. However, the SWRO desalination technology has one disadvantage. The seawater, which is to be desalinated, is pressurized with the help of high-pressure pumps. A large amount of energy is consumed during this process. Once the desalination is complete, the remaining reject water has to be eliminated as waste. Since the brine reject produced in this process has a high pressure, simply dumping it back into the sea is a waste of energy. This pressure can be reused and thus, the energy could be recycled. This idea led to the innovation of energy recovery devices (ERDs) that prevent the wastage of energy in the SWRO process. The hydraulic energy in the highly pressurized reject brine can be re-used with the help of ERDs, and energy consumption can thus be reduced by significant high amounts. The development of ERDs helped in the set-up and operation of large-scale SWRO plants, and facilitated the economic viability of the desalination process. The energy requirements of conventional SWRO plants are presently as low as 1.6 kWh/m3, making the process more cost effective and energy efficient than other technologies. About 80% of the total cost of desalinated water is due to energy consumption and capital amortization. The remaining costs are associated with other maintenance operations such as replacement of membranes and other components, labor associated costs etc. Since energy consumption is the main determinant of final costs of the product, increasing energy efficiency of the plants is of primary concern. This paper deals with various energy recovery devices such as the Francis turbine, Pelton wheel, turbocharger, Recuperator, DWEER and Pressure Exchanger, used in SWRO desalination plants along with case studies associated with each of these. Special focus is given to the energy efficiency and costs associated with these devices. A brief discussion of the devices that are currently under investigation is also provided in the conclusion. An analysis of isobaric versus centrifugal devices is also conducted in this work. A comparison between the energy recovery turbine (ERT) manufactured by Pump Engineering Inc. (PEI) and the pressure exchanger (PX) manufactured by Energy Recovery Inc. (ERI) energy recovery systems is performed using collected data from provided water analyses and respective manufacturers' device specifications. The different configurations used for this comparison were applied to the Jeddah SWRO desalination plant for a total productivity of 240,000 m³/day. As a result of this analysis, the specific energy consumption of the ERT and PX configurations were 2.66 kWh/m3 and 2.50 kWh/m3 respectively. Analysis shows however that although the PX configuration achieved the best specific energy consumption, the ERT was favored over it due to its lower capital and maintenance costs. Therefore, the final conclusion of this work, in this special case, is that the ERT configuration is more economical than the PX configuration.
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Thomson, A. Murray. "Reverse-osmosis desalination of seawater powered by photovoltaics without batteries." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10701.

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The design, construction and testing of a photovoltaic-powered reverse-osmosis (PV-RO) desalination system is presented. The system operates from seawater and requires no batteries, since the rate of production of freshwater varies throughout the day according to the available solar power. Initial testing of the system, with the modest solar resource available in the UK, provided freshwater at approximately 1.5 m³/day. Nearer to the equator and with a PV array of only 2.4 kWp, a software model of the system predicts production of over 3 m³/day throughout the year. The system employs a Clark pump brine-stream energy recovery mechanism and this, coupled with variable water recovery ratio, achieves a specific energy consumption of less than 4 kWh/m³ over a broad range of operation. Standard industrial inverters, motors and pumps are employed and provide good energy and cost efficiency. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for the photovoltaic array is provided by a novel control algorithm, developed by the author. Instrumentation and data acquisition of the hardware test rig using LabVIEW is described. Testing and modelling of the system components in MATLAB-Simulink is presented, together with a discussion of the full system modelling and design procedure, in which the aim was to minimise the cost of water. This led to a capital cost estimate of £23,055 includmg the PV array, and an overall cost of water, including full maintenance, of £2.00 per m³.
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Bermudez-Contreras, Alfredo S. "An energy recovery device for small-scale seawater reverse osmosis desalination." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6098.

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This work presents the concept development, implementation and first practical demonstration of a new pressure intensifier for energy recovery in small-scale seawater reverse osmosis systems, and the simplified system configuration it requires. The new concept has great potential to reduce the specific energy consumption of small-scale seawater reverse osmosis systems. A mathematical analysis to study pressure intensifiers for energy recovery in reverse osmosis applications was developed. The analysis was used in the design and modelling of the energy recovery device. A first prototype was built and subsequently demonstrated in a system desalinating seawater over a wide range of electrical input power stretching between 286 and 1196 W, producing up to 286 L/h of freshwater with specific energy consumptions in the range of 3.5 to 4.5 kWh/m^3. The flat specific energy characteristic makes the device attractive for renewable-energy-powered systems without energy storage. The prototype implementation was realised through modifying a Clark pump, but the new concept is fundamentally different. The new device recovers energy from the concentrate stream, which it then uses to suck in and pressurise seawater, relying purely on its piston area ratio, and thus eliminating the need for a low-pressure feed pump.
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Hoffman, Anton Michael. "Design guidelines for a reverse osmosis desalination plant / Anton Michael Hoffman." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4211.

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There are two basic needs globally and that is the control and supply of reliable electricity and clean water. However, one of the biggest challenges the world is facing today is the lack of fresh water resources. Lower rainfall, together with population and industry growth, are only a few factors contributing to the fast increasing strain on existing water supplies around the world. This fast increasing need therefore necessitates the investigation into finding alternative sources. One such option is that of desalination. In the last 50 years desalination technologies have been applied to produce high quality fresh water from brackish and seawater resources. In the 1980's a breakthrough was made with the introduction of the membrane desalination technology, known as the reverse osmosis (RO) process. Today newly developed technologies are improving the competitiveness of the reverse osmosis process against the traditional distillation processes. There are a number of options to increase the efficiency of a reverse osmosis plant and one option is to use warm industrial waste water as the feed water to the desalination plant. It is known that the viscosity of water is inversely proportional to its temperature. Therefore, if the feed water temperature of a reverse osmosis plant is increased the membranes will become more permeable. This will result in a higher production volume or in a lower energy demand. South Africa is on the edge of building the first fourth generation nuclear power plant, called the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) at Koeberg. The PBMR will produce a cooling water outlet temperature of 40°C which can be used as feed water to a reverse osmosis plant. In this study design guidelines of a reverse osmosis plant are given in nine steps. These steps were then used during a basic component design of a reverse osmosis plant coupled to the waste water stream of a PBMR nuclear power plant. Furthermore design software programs were used to simulate the coupling scheme in order to validate the outcome of the design guidelines. The results of the two design approaches compared well to one another. It furthermore showed that by using the waste water from the PBMR nuclear power plant the efficiency of the RO plant is increased and the operating cost is decreased. Fresh water can be produced at a cost of R 5.64/m3 with a specific electricity consumption of 2.53 kWh/m3.<br>Thesis (M.Ing. (Nuclear Engineering)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Hashim, Ahmed. "Foulants investigations and performance modelling analyses in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489274.

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The research was mainly concerned with performance analysis in seawater reverse osmosis desalination at the Addur SWRO Desalination Plant, Kingdom of Bahrain; there were four main objectives associated with the research. The first objective was conducting a process performance analysis of the conventional pre-treatment system at the Addur Plant so as to determine its filtration efficiency (Chapter 4). The analysis involved assessment of principal filtration parameters like temperature, silt density index (SDI) and turbidity for one seasonal year (with reference to total organic carbon (TOC), ultra violet absorbance (UVA), humic acids substances (HAS) and total suspended solids (TSS) that reflect the fouling potential of organic matter in the seawater feed). Through the evaluation of these parameters' time varying profile trends, specific key aspects were acknowledged. It was established that the incoming seawater quality is characterised as complex and most difficult seawater feed utilised for seawater RO desalination and confirmed that the , pre-treatment was unable to meeting its design performance parameters (i.e. reduce the raw seawater SDI to 2.7 and remove organic matter). Seeping of various undesirable matter through the pre-treatment was verified through EDX analysis suggesting filtration channelling. A system shortfall in the pre-treatment process was conclusive. It was a~so recognised from the profile trends that SDI and turbidity were influenced by seawater . temperature, as micro-organisms flourish within high temperature regions. The second objective was carrying out comprehensive performance analyses on three leading RO membrane modules in seawater desalination tested at similar seasonal conditions and seawater feed composition (Chapter 5) through which the most suitable module that withstood the harsh operation conditions was selected to replace the existing membrane modules at the Addur Plant (where the design aspects and operating guidelines for the three modules were also reviewed in Chapter 3). The results demonstrated that Toyobo CTA HF was best suitable and FilmTec spiral wound PA composite proven second suitable while the performance operation and endurance of DuPont HFF PA was not acceptable. both did not exactly correlate to one another owing to the unavailability of the salt concentration in the vicinity of the membrane wall during the actual RO process. In the second model variations in water and salt transport within a seawater RO module during RO were established in terms of flow, pressure and seawater feed concentration traversing through the module. Fundamental parameters to seawater RO processes were determined such as pure water permeability constant (A), mole fraction of concentrated boundary solution (XA2), solute transport parameter ((DAwKO)sw), mass transfer coefficient for seawater on the high pressure side of the membrane (ks»1, concentration polarisation modulus (M) and thickness of concentrated boundary solution (I). All these quantities are unique and not before determined for real seawater RO systems. The third modelling analysis was concerned with developing a mathematical model defining spatial variations in key parameters ofthe seawater feed entering and traversing through the RO module; this was performed in terms of seawater feed temperature,. volumetric permeate flow rate (and related velocity) and the volumetric flow rate, pressure and concentration of solutions on the high pressure side of the membrane during RO separation. The results achieved through this research have been of primary significance to the development of the pre-treatment and seawater RO process operations and systems at the Addur SWRO Desalination Plant while the consequences of the solutio.ns recommended henceforth had reshaped the configuration of the plant, enhanced production and ensured availability and reliability.
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Martinez, Hiroki. "Design of a desalination plant : aspects to consider." Thesis, University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6995.

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<p>One of the main problems our actual society faces is the shortage of water. Despite the great effort made by authorities and researchers, multiple countries with poor economic resources are experiencing serious difficulties derivative of water scarcity. Desalination provides a feasible solution for inland and coastal areas. Through literature and reviewed articles analysis the reader will meet the actual issues regarding designing a desalination plant, and more over with reverse osmosis (RO) processes, which are the main arguments of this work. One of the big deals is the environmental concern when handling the concentrate disposal. Another important point about desalination processes is the increasingly interest in coupling the units with renewable energy sources (RES). The results point out that regardless of the efforts made until today, additional achievement is required in fields such as membrane’s structure materials for RO method, concentrate disposal systems, governmental water policies review and update, and greater distinction researches between brackish water and seawater RO desalination processes. Taking into consideration the previous outcomes it is finally concluded that some particular steps must be accomplished when beginning a desalination plant design.</p>
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Nagaraj, Veena. "Investigation and control of biofouling in seawater reverse osmosis desalination membranes by bacteria and their extracellular polysaccharides." Thesis, Nagaraj, Veena (2017) Investigation and control of biofouling in seawater reverse osmosis desalination membranes by bacteria and their extracellular polysaccharides. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/37865/.

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Biofouling in seawater reverse osmosis desalination membranes is a phenomenon that needs urgent solutions to effectively mitigate the problem, mainly due to huge economic losses it incurs. To achieve this, a thorough understanding of the microbial community ecology and source of fouling organisms on RO membranes is important. Extracellular polysaccharides produced by bacteria form an important part of the biofilm matrix that govern physical properties and structural integrity of the biofilm. Information about the chemical composition of exopolysaccharides is necessary to employ good control methods. The objectives of this research were defined to better understand biofouling, especially with respect to polysaccharide fouling, and investigate control methods. They were achieved as follows i) Bacterial communities on industrially fouled RO membranes were characterized by next generation sequencing (NGS) on the Illumina Miseq platform; comparisons of microbial ecology were made between treatment groups of membrane samples. ii) Bacteria were isolated from membranes, prefilters and upstream locations of a full-scale desalination plant, and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Biolog Gen III systems. Suitable models were then selected from the culture collection based on their dominance in the genetic biofilm community. iii) Exopolysaccharides of model bacteria were purified by acetone precipitation methods and characterized by ion chromatography, Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and enzyme linked lectin assay. iv) 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), a biocide, and two free radical generating compounds, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and xanthine oxidase, were tested as control agents to disperse biofilms by degrading polysaccharides on industrially fouled membranes. v) For potential use in biological control, bacterial isolates were screened for production of oxidizing enzymes using a xanthine oxidase nitroblue tetrazolium assay. The major findings of this research that contribute to scholarly knowledge are: i) The bacterial community on RO membranes was identified as being dominated by certain bacterial groups, which are known to be associated with unique biofilm forming abilities; mainly Caulobacterales, known to attach irreversibly with holdfast; Sphingobacterales, Rhizobiales and Sphingobacteriia that are known to produce glycosphingolipids; Burkholderiales, known for nitrate-reduction; and Pseudomonadales, proposed to be both primary and secondary colonizers, based on the literature. ii) The cultured bacterial population were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria. MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were the most efficient identification methods. The model bacteria were good representatives of biofouling organisms in large scale, within limitations of culture bias. iii) Polysaccharide structures of bacterial isolates revealed the presence of some rare sugars, which are known to form critical components of strong biofilms. iv) Free-radical-generating compounds, SNP and xanthine oxidase, were more effective than the biocide DBNPA in alleviation of fouling by degrading polysaccharides. v) Some bacterial strains like Microbacterium and Exiguobacterium produced xanthine oxidase to significant levels when exposed to hypoxanthine.
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Books on the topic "Seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant"

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Ludwig, Heinz. Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Volume 2. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81927-9.

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Ludwig, Heinz. Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Volume 1. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81931-6.

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Missimer, Thomas M., Burton Jones, and Robert G. Maliva, eds. Intakes and Outfalls for Seawater Reverse-Osmosis Desalination Facilities. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13203-7.

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Salinas-Rodríguez, Sergio G., Jan C. Schippers, Gary L. Amy, In S. Kim, and Maria D. Kennedy. Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination: Assessment and Pre-treatment of Fouling and Scaling. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781780409863.

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This book can of interest to undergraduate and graduate engineering students and researchers, academics, plant operators, consultants, professionals and practitioners in the water sector. The book is not necessarily intended to be read from cover to cover, but consulted as the need arises. The content of this book deals with: Membrane-based desalinationBasic principles of reverse osmosisFouling and pre-treatmentParticulate foulingOrganic and biological foulingAlgal bloom eventsInorganic foulingScalingProcess designRecent advances and emerging processes This book forms part of the Master of Science curriculum in Water Supply Engineering and of the Master of Science Programme in Water and Sustainable Development at IHE Delft Institute for Water Education. ISBN: 9781780409856 (Hardback) ISBN: 9781780409863 (eBook)
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Tran, Long Van. Reverse osmosis desalination plants in the San Diego County region: Comparing seawater and brackish water desalination technologies. 2007.

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Francis, Roger. Avoiding Corrosion in Desalination Plants. NACE International, The Worldwide Corrosion Authority15835 Park Ten Place, Houston, TX 77084, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/37647.

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Over the past decade, the author, Roger Francis, has looked at some very expensive corrosion failures in desalination plants. Avoiding Corrosion in Desalination Plants tells the reader how to avoid existing corrosion problems and how to avoid them in new builds. This book looks at corrosion problems specific to MSF, MED, and SWRO desalination plants, describing their causes, some solutions, and the relative performance of various materials. It gives advice on procuring materials for desalination plants to avoid quality problems. The world’s population is steadily increasing and with it is an increasing demand for water—for both drinking and irrigation. In many areas of the world, particularly in warmer climates, there are limited sources from rivers and wells, so desalination is being increasingly used to produce water to satisfy both requirements. Although desalination is sometimes carried out on brackish waters and highly saline well waters, most desalination plants generate fresh water from seawater. There are three main processes used in desalination plants, the oldest of which is multistage flash (MSF), where the water is essentially boiled at low pressure and the steam that flashes off is condensed for drinking water. The second process is multiple-effect distillation (MED), in which low-pressure steam is used to force evaporation of seawater and the vapor is then condensed for drinking water. Although actual MSF and MED plants (large-scale) are land based, small-scale units have been fitted to large ships, such as cruise liners, to generate fresh water. The third process is seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO), where chloride is selectively removed from water by forcing it at high pressure through a special membrane. This method involves no heat transfer but requires enough electricity to power the high-pressure pumps that are required. All three of these methods have advantages and disadvantages. This book looks at corrosion problems specific to MSF, MED, and SWRO desalination plants, describing their causes, some solutions, and the relative performance of various materials. It gives advice on procuring materials for desalination plants to avoid quality problems.
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Ludwig, Heinz. Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination. Springer, 2023.

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Hong, Seungkwan, Kiho Park, Jungbin Kim, and Dae Ryook Yang. Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) Desalination. IWA Publishing, 2021.

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Hong, Seungkwan, Kiho Park, Jungbin Kim, and Dae Ryook Yang. Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) Desalination. IWA Publishing, 2021.

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Francis, Roger. The Corrosion of Duplex Stainless Steels: A Practical Guide for Engineers. NACE International, The Worldwide Corrosion Authority15835 Park Ten Place, Houston, TX 77084, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/37636.

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Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) were first invented in the early part of the 20th century, but it was not until the 1970s and 80s, with the introduction of argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) melting and the recognition of the benefits of nitrogen additions, that DSSs became attractive for widespread industrial use. DSSs have found applications in most industries, including oil and gas, marine, desalination, power, chemical and process, pulp and paper, and mineral processing. DSSs have been adopted by many industries to varying degrees. They are the workhorse corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) of the oil and gas industry, and are also widely used in the chemical and process industries for their SCC and corrosion resistance. Superduplex stainless steel has become the main alloy for piping, pumps, and valves in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants, because of its resistance to crevice corrosion in seawater. In this book, Roger Francis reviews various duplex alloy compositions, mechanical properties, and design stresses for vessels and pipes to various codes. He also covers the basics of welding duplex alloys, both to themselves and to other alloys, and their corrosion resistance. Of most importance, the book looks at a variety of types of corrosion that may affect DSSs in service, presenting the available data and, in some cases, how to avoid problems.
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Book chapters on the topic "Seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant"

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Ludwig, Heinz. "Energy Consumption of an SWRO Plant." In Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Volume 2. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81927-9_8.

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Ludwig, Heinz. "SWRO Plant Operation Organization, Monitoring, and Instrumentation." In Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Volume 2. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81927-9_7.

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Ludwig, Heinz. "Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) Plant: General System Configuration, Basic Design Parameters and Conditions, and Overall Planning Process." In Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Volume 1. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81931-6_4.

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Ludwig, Heinz. "Materials for SWRO Plants." In Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Volume 2. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81927-9_6.

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Gónzalez, A., L. Delgado, F. Avia, and J. Mateos. "Wind and Photovoltaic Powered Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Plant." In Seventh E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3817-5_45.

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Craig, Keith. "Sydney and Gold Coast Desalination Plant Intake Design, Construction and Operating Experience." In Intakes and Outfalls for Seawater Reverse-Osmosis Desalination Facilities. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13203-7_3.

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Bashitialshaaer, Raed, Kenneth M. Persson, and Magnus Larson. "New Criteria for Brine Discharge Outfalls from Desalination Plants." In Intakes and Outfalls for Seawater Reverse-Osmosis Desalination Facilities. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13203-7_19.

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Ismaili, Ifakkou El, Mohamed Najy, Isslam Belhaili, Ayoub El Atmani, Khadija El Kharrim, and Driss Belghyti. "Study of Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Processes of Seawater by Laâyoune Desalination Plant Under Desert Climate Southern Morocco." In Sustainable Energy-Water-Environment Nexus in Deserts. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76081-6_18.

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Ismaili, Ifakkou El, Mohamed Najy, Isslam Belhaili, Ayoub El Atmani, Khadija El Kharrim, and Driss Belghyti. "Study of Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Processes of Seawater by Laâyoune Desalination Plant Under Desert Climate Southern Morocco." In Sustainable Energy-Water-Environment Nexus in Deserts. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76081-6_18.

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Chen, Jiaping Paul, Edward S. K. Chian, Ping-Xin Sheng, K. G. Nadeeshani Nanayakkara, Lawrence K. Wang, and Yen-Peng Ting. "Desalination of Seawater by Reverse Osmosis." In Membrane and Desalination Technologies. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-278-6_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant"

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Amusat, Oluwamayowa O., Alexander V. Dudchenko, Adam A. Atia, and Timothy Bartholomew. "Cost-optimal Selection of pH Control for Mineral Scaling Prevention in High Recovery Reverse Osmosis Desalination." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.143335.

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Explicitly incorporating the effects of chemical phenomena such as chemical pretreatment and mineral scaling during the design of treatment systems is critical; however, the complexity of these phenomena and limitations on data have historically hindered the incorporation of detailed water chemistry into the modeling and optimization of water desalination systems. Thus, while qualitative assessments and experimental studies on chemical pretreatment and scaling are abundant in the literature, very little has been done to assess the technoeconomic implications of different chemical pretreatment alternatives within the context of end-to-end water treatment train optimization. In this work, we begin to address this challenge by exploring the impact of pH control during pretreatment on the cost and operation of a high-recovery desalination train. We compare three pH control methods used in water treatment (H2SO4, HCl, and CO2) and assess their impact on the operation of a desalination plant for brackish water and seawater. Our results show that the impact of the acid choice on the cost can vary widely depending on the water source, with CO2 found to be up to 11% and 49% more expensive than HCl in the seawater and brackish cases, respectively. We also find that the acid chemistry can significantly influence upstream processes, with use of H2SO4 requiring more calcium removal in the softening step to prevent gypsum scaling in HPRO system. Our work highlights why incorporating water chemistry information is critical when evaluating the key cost and operational drivers for high-recovery desalination treatment trains.
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Francis, R., and G. Byrne. "Factors Affecting Gasket Selection for Stainless Steels in Seawater." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07262.

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Abstract High alloy stainless steels, such as superduplex and 6%Mo, have been extensively used for seawater cooling systems and in reverse osmosis desalination plants. From time to time corrosion has been observed at flange faces that is not attributable to poor quality material or excessively severe operating conditions. Over the last fifteen years there have been studies looking at corrosion of flanged joints. Some have investigated flange materials, while others have looked at different gasket materials. The present paper reviews the published data and presents some field experience from the authors’ company. These are combined to present some recommendations on combinations to be avoided and the best choice of suitable gaskets for systems operating at different pressures.
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Asrar, Nausha, Marc Singer, Ali B. Al-Sahary, et al. "Desalinated Water Transmission Pipes: Dependence upon Water Chemistry." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00049.

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Abstract Seawater desalination industry of Saudi Arabia is undergoing an expansion and modernization program to construct more efficient and larger desalination plants which will reduce production and corrosion costs, and CO2 emissions as well. To achieve these goals, a shift from thermal to Sea Water Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) process is taking place. However, during this process integrity of the Cement Mortar Lining (CML) of the transmission pipes are damaged due to changes in water chemistry and chemical treatments of the produced water. The ability of CML to protect iron pipes against corrosion over a timeframe is known, however little knowledge exists regarding the precise parameters that affect the longevity of CML and their ability to prevent underlying corrosion. This paper deals with the water chemistry parameters on which integrity of the CML depends. Criticality of Langelier Index (LSI) and Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Potential (CCPP) for protection of the CML from the corrosive attack of SWRO produced water has been highlighted and few case histories of CML transmission lines due to increase in chloride ion and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in the produced water have been presented.
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Iranmanesh, Bahareh, and Gholam Hossein Riahy Dehkordi. "Modeling of Seawater Desalination by Reverse Osmosis Method Powered by Wind Turbine." In 2024 32nd International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee63041.2024.10668282.

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Grubb, John F., and Ronald J. Gerlock. "Use of a 6% Mo Alloy in Desalination." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03258.

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Abstract The 6% Mo superaustenitic alloys have been used extensively in seawater handling applications. The properties that allow these alloys to be used in seawater make them well suited for use in construction of equipment for the production of potable water by desalination of brackish or seawater. N08367 alloy has been specified and used in a variety of reverse osmosis and multistage flash distillation applications. Several brine concentrators have also been built using the UNS N08367 alloy. Data on the performance and use of N08367 alloy in desalination testing and service are presented.
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Puviyarasi, B., R. Umarajeshwaran, T. Srikrithigaa, S. Nivash, and S. Karthikeyan. "Energy Optimization and Control of Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant Using MATLAB Simulink." In 2024 International Conference on Power, Energy, Control and Transmission Systems (ICPECTS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icpects62210.2024.10780391.

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Al-Hashem, A., J. Carew, and A. Al-Odwani. "The Corrosion Performance of Nickel-Based Alloys in a Reverse Osmosis Plant Utilizing Seawater." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98685.

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Abstract Four nickel-based alloys, UNS(1) N06625, UNS N08825, UNS N10276 and UNS N05500, were evaluated in terms of their corrosion performance in a seawater reverse osmosis plant using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), open circuit potential (OCP) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) measurements. Slight changes in the EIS spectra were observed for UNS N06625, UNSN10276 and UNS N0550 at low frequencies. However, UNS N08825 EIS spectra exhibited more changes than the other alloys at low frequencies. The OCP of UNS N10276 was more noble than the other alloys under the same conditions. The LPR measurements indicated that UNS N10276 and UNS N05500 exhibited lower corrosion rates than UNS NO6625 and UNS NO885..
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Al-Odwani, A., J. Carew, and A. Al-Hashem. "The Crevice Corrosion Behaviour of Chromium Stainless Steel and Nickel Base Alloys in a Reverse Osmosis Plant Utilizing Seawater." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99326.

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Abstract The Crevice corrosion tests were performed on UNS S31603, UNS S31703, UNS S31726, UNS S31254, UNS N08904, UNS N625, UNS N825 and UNS N276 was investigated in seawater and neutral brine solution using a multiple crevice washer assembly. PTFE multiple-crevice washers were bolted to both sides of the test specimens with PTFE bolts and nuts. The specimens were exposed to seawater flowing at a rate of 100 L/h for periods of 3000 h and 6000 h. Duplicate specimens were immersed in a plexiglass cell containing the flowing seawater at a temperature of 30°C. The results showed that all the tested coupons were susceptible to some degree of crevice corrosion attack. However, the stainless steels were the most severely affected. The degree of crevice corrosion attack for the nickel base alloys decreased as the percentage of molybdenum content in the alloys increased. Destruction of the passive layer by the concentration of chloride or acidity and reduction of hydrogen ions at the crevices is believed to be the cause of the crevice attack.
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Kain, R. M., and B. E. Weber. "Effects of Alternating Seawater Flow and Stagnant Layup Conditions on the General and Localized Corrosion Resistance of CuNi and NiCu Alloys in Marine Service." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97422.

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Abstract From time-to-time seawater handling systems are subjected to lay-up which can produce chemical and biological changes, and conceivably alter the corrosion resistance of metals used in piping and other equipment. In the case of reverse osmosis/membrane technology type desalination equipment, sanitizing agents may be introduced after draining. Simulation tests were conducted to determine any effect of a bisulfite sanitizing treatment when used between periods of normal seawater flow. Corresponding tests were conducted with lay-up comprising non-refreshed seawater which ultimately stagnated. Test results for CuNi alloy C71500 indicated that repeated cycling between seawater exposure and bisulfite treatments was detrimental in reducing that alloy’s resistance to general corrosion, and to a lesser degree its crevice corrosion resistance. The typical pitting and crevice corrosion behavior of NiCu alloy N04400, found upon exposure to slowly moving, aerated seawater was neither diminished or accelerated by cyclic lay-up with either stagnant seawater or the candidate bisulfite-containing solution. However, some increase in general corrosion was observed.
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Al-Odwani, A., M. Al-Tabatabaei, J. Carew, and A. Al-Hashem. "The Corrosion Performance of High Chromium Stainless Steels and Titanium Alloys at a Reverse Osmosis Plant in Arabian Gulf Seawater." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97412.

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Abstract Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate the corrosion performance of four high chromium stainless steels and Grade 2 titanium in flowing Arabian Gulf natural seawater. The EIS provided information concerning the changes to the interfacial impedance as a function of exposure time for these alloys. The impedance spectra for all the alloys showed slight changes at the low frequency region over the exposure period. The open-circuit potentials (OCP) of these alloys were also monitored as a function of exposure time. The stainless steel alloys exhibited slight fluctuation in potential around the initial exposure potential. However, Grade 2 titanium initial potential was more active and then gradually shifted towards the noble direction. The linear polarization resistance (LPR) method indicated that Grade 2 titanium exhibited the lowest corrosion rate with respect to the stainless steel alloys. The results of the EIS analysis and OCP indicated that Grade 2 titanium performed better than the four high chromium stainless steel alloys.
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Reports on the topic "Seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant"

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Kim, Jong Suk, and Konor Frick. Status Report on the Component Models Developed in the Modelica Framework: Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant & Thermal Energy Storage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1468648.

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