Relevant bibliographies by topics / Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO)

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO)"

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Huehmer, R. P., F. Wang, J. Lozier, and L. Henthorne. "Enhancing boron rejection in seawater reverse osmosis facilities." Water Supply 8, no. 5 (2008): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.117.

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Linked to potential health problems and toxicity to crops, boron is present in seawater at concentrations of ranging from 4 to 7 mg/L, and not readily removed by reverse osmosis technology. Commercially available seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes possess a wide range of rejection characteristics for boron in seawater under ambient temperature and pH, ranging from approximately 50% for low-energy membranes to greater than 90% for the newest high rejection membranes. This level of rejection is typically insufficient to reduce boron concentrations in natural seawater to less than recommended levels. Current World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water concentrations for boron are limited to 0.5-mg/L. Two techniques utilized to mitigate boron concentrations are (1) increasing the dissociation of boric acid by increasing pH prior to SWRO; and, (2) utilizing a second pass reverse osmosis system, potentially coupled with pH adjustment. Utilizing these techniques, the authors tested commercially available SWRO membranes from three different manufacturers utilizing feed water alkalization, coupled with a second pass system. Utilizing feed water alkalization alone, the authors found that all three SWRO membranes were able to produce permeate complying with WHO regulations. Using second pass RO, a boron concentration of less than 0.5 mg/L was achieved for feed pH greater than 6, and less than 0.1-mg/L for pH of 10.
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Ruiz-García, A., and I. Nuez. "Performance Assessment of SWRO Spiral-Wound Membrane Modules with Different Feed Spacer Dimensions." Processes 8, no. 6 (2020): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8060692.

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Reverse osmosis is the leading process in seawater desalination. However, it is still an energy intensive technology. Feed spacer geometry design is a key factor in reverse osmosis spiral wound membrane module performance. Correlations obtained from experimental work and computational fluid dynamics modeling were used in a computational tool to simulate the impact of different feed spacer geometries in seawater reverse osmosis spiral wound membrane modules with different permeability coefficients in pressure vessels with 6, 7 and 8 elements. The aim of this work was to carry out a comparative analysis of the effect of different feed spacer geometries in combination with the water and solute permeability coefficients on seawater reverse osmosis spiral wound membrane modules performance. The results showed a higher impact of feed spacer geometries in the membrane with the highest production (highest water permeability coefficient). It was also found that the impact of feed spacer geometry increased with the number of spiral wound membrane modules in series in the pressure vessel. Installation of different feed spacer geometries in reverse osmosis membranes depending on the operating conditions could improve the performance of seawater reverse osmosis systems in terms of energy consumption and permeate quality.
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Glueckstern, P., and M. Priel. "Potential cost reduction of seawater desalination." Water Supply 3, no. 5-6 (2003): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0148.

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The last four years had been witnessing dramatic developments and large cost reduction in the cost of desalinated water produced by large seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plants. First in the Eilat 10,000 m3/day plant, followed by the Tampa Bay, Florida project and more recently, by the Larnaca, Cyprus project. The real dramatic decrease relates to the Ashkelon large SWRO plant (in erection phase) where a sensational cost of about “half a US dollar” was reported. The reduced cost has become possible thanks to many factors: improved technology in pretreatment and reverse osmosis membranes, reduced energy consumption, lower interest rates and economics of scale. In this paper the evolution of water cost reduction in SWRO systems in the last decade is analyzed and is used as a basis for projection of further developments and cost reduction. Special attention is given to the new desalinated water standards such as reduced chloride and boron content, imposing an additional cost that can eventually be reduced by using more efficient reverse osmosis membranes and by implementing an improved boron removal technology. Due to these and to other developments a further 20% reduction in desalinated water cost will eventually be realized in the current decade.
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Woo, S. W., B. S. Park, W. N. Lee, et al. "Seawater intake system in Test Bed seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) project." Desalination and Water Treatment 51, no. 31-33 (2013): 6238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.780775.

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Zhang, Minglu, Sunny Jiang, Dian Tanuwidjaja, Nikolay Voutchkov, Eric M. V. Hoek, and Baoli Cai. "Composition and Variability of Biofouling Organisms in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 13 (2011): 4390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00122-11.

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ABSTRACTSeawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membrane biofouling remains a common challenge in the desalination industry, but the marine bacterial community that causes membrane fouling is poorly understood. Microbial communities at different stages of treatment processes (intake, cartridge filtration, and SWRO) of a desalination pilot plant were examined by both culture-based and culture-independent approaches. Bacterial isolates were identified to match the generaShewanella,Alteromonas,Vibrio, andCellulophagabased on 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The 16S rRNA gene clone library of the SWRO membrane biofilm showed that a filamentous bacterium,Leucothrix mucor, which belongs to the gammaproteobacteria, accounted for nearly 30% of the clone library, while the rest of the microorganisms (61.2% of the total clones) were related to the alphaproteobacteria. 16S rRNA gene terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis indicated that bacteria colonizing the SWRO membrane represented a subportion of microbes in the source seawater; however, they were quite different from those colonizing the cartridge filter. The examination of five SWRO membranes from desalination plants located in different parts of the world showed that although the bacterial communities from the membranes were not identical to each other, some dominant bacteria were commonly observed. In contrast, bacterial communities in source seawater were significantly different based on location and season. Microbial profiles from 14 cartridge filters collected from different plants also revealed spatial trends.
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Bognar, K., R. Pohl, and F. Behrendt. "Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) as deferrable load in micro grids." Desalination and Water Treatment 51, no. 4-6 (2013): 1190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.715093.

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Su, Bao Wei, Yu Hong Wang, and Xue Li Gao. "Pilot Study on Nanofiltration Seawater Softening for SWRO Desalination." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 2178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2178.

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Seawater desalination has long been recognized as an important method for the solution of the world fresh water shortage, especially seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) desalination. Recently the issue is again being raised for the newly developed pretreatment technology using nanofiltration (NF) membrane which has special separation properties owing to the charge characteristics of its surface separation layer. In this study, two kinds of commercial NF membrane have been studied in a pilot UF-NF Integrated Membrane System (IMS). Operating conditions was investigated and the results show that NF can be effectively used for the softening of seawater and provide excellent feed for SWRO.
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Boutarin, L. B., M. N. Neculau, R. G. Garrote, and E. Chaumien. "Proven Performance of High Area Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) Membrane Elements." Procedia Engineering 44 (2012): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.925.

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Kim, Suhan, Kangmin Chon, Sun Jin Kim, Sungyun Lee, Eunkyung Lee, and Jaeweon Cho. "Uncertainty in organic matter analysis for seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination." Desalination 238, no. 1-3 (2009): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.01.032.

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Hamad, J. Z., C. Ha, M. D. Kennedy, and G. L. Amy. "Application of ceramic membranes for seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) pre-treatment." Desalination and Water Treatment 51, no. 25-27 (2013): 4881–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.795211.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO)"

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Hashim, Ahmed. "Foulants investigations and performance modelling analyses in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489274.

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The research was mainly concerned with performance analysis in seawater reverse osmosis desalination at the Addur SWRO Desalination Plant, Kingdom of Bahrain; there were four main objectives associated with the research. The first objective was conducting a process performance analysis of the conventional pre-treatment system at the Addur Plant so as to determine its filtration efficiency (Chapter 4). The analysis involved assessment of principal filtration parameters like temperature, silt density index (SDI) and turbidity for one seasonal year (with reference to total organic carbon (TOC), ultra violet absorbance (UVA), humic acids substances (HAS) and total suspended solids (TSS) that reflect the fouling potential of organic matter in the seawater feed). Through the evaluation of these parameters' time varying profile trends, specific key aspects were acknowledged. It was established that the incoming seawater quality is characterised as complex and most difficult seawater feed utilised for seawater RO desalination and confirmed that the , pre-treatment was unable to meeting its design performance parameters (i.e. reduce the raw seawater SDI to 2.7 and remove organic matter). Seeping of various undesirable matter through the pre-treatment was verified through EDX analysis suggesting filtration channelling. A system shortfall in the pre-treatment process was conclusive. It was a~so recognised from the profile trends that SDI and turbidity were influenced by seawater . temperature, as micro-organisms flourish within high temperature regions. The second objective was carrying out comprehensive performance analyses on three leading RO membrane modules in seawater desalination tested at similar seasonal conditions and seawater feed composition (Chapter 5) through which the most suitable module that withstood the harsh operation conditions was selected to replace the existing membrane modules at the Addur Plant (where the design aspects and operating guidelines for the three modules were also reviewed in Chapter 3). The results demonstrated that Toyobo CTA HF was best suitable and FilmTec spiral wound PA composite proven second suitable while the performance operation and endurance of DuPont HFF PA was not acceptable. both did not exactly correlate to one another owing to the unavailability of the salt concentration in the vicinity of the membrane wall during the actual RO process. In the second model variations in water and salt transport within a seawater RO module during RO were established in terms of flow, pressure and seawater feed concentration traversing through the module. Fundamental parameters to seawater RO processes were determined such as pure water permeability constant (A), mole fraction of concentrated boundary solution (XA2), solute transport parameter ((DAwKO)sw), mass transfer coefficient for seawater on the high pressure side of the membrane (ks»1, concentration polarisation modulus (M) and thickness of concentrated boundary solution (I). All these quantities are unique and not before determined for real seawater RO systems. The third modelling analysis was concerned with developing a mathematical model defining spatial variations in key parameters ofthe seawater feed entering and traversing through the RO module; this was performed in terms of seawater feed temperature,. volumetric permeate flow rate (and related velocity) and the volumetric flow rate, pressure and concentration of solutions on the high pressure side of the membrane during RO separation. The results achieved through this research have been of primary significance to the development of the pre-treatment and seawater RO process operations and systems at the Addur SWRO Desalination Plant while the consequences of the solutio.ns recommended henceforth had reshaped the configuration of the plant, enhanced production and ensured availability and reliability.
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Thomson, A. Murray. "Reverse-osmosis desalination of seawater powered by photovoltaics without batteries." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10701.

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The design, construction and testing of a photovoltaic-powered reverse-osmosis (PV-RO) desalination system is presented. The system operates from seawater and requires no batteries, since the rate of production of freshwater varies throughout the day according to the available solar power. Initial testing of the system, with the modest solar resource available in the UK, provided freshwater at approximately 1.5 m³/day. Nearer to the equator and with a PV array of only 2.4 kWp, a software model of the system predicts production of over 3 m³/day throughout the year. The system employs a Clark pump brine-stream energy recovery mechanism and this, coupled with variable water recovery ratio, achieves a specific energy consumption of less than 4 kWh/m³ over a broad range of operation. Standard industrial inverters, motors and pumps are employed and provide good energy and cost efficiency. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for the photovoltaic array is provided by a novel control algorithm, developed by the author. Instrumentation and data acquisition of the hardware test rig using LabVIEW is described. Testing and modelling of the system components in MATLAB-Simulink is presented, together with a discussion of the full system modelling and design procedure, in which the aim was to minimise the cost of water. This led to a capital cost estimate of £23,055 includmg the PV array, and an overall cost of water, including full maintenance, of £2.00 per m³.
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Bermudez-Contreras, Alfredo S. "An energy recovery device for small-scale seawater reverse osmosis desalination." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6098.

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This work presents the concept development, implementation and first practical demonstration of a new pressure intensifier for energy recovery in small-scale seawater reverse osmosis systems, and the simplified system configuration it requires. The new concept has great potential to reduce the specific energy consumption of small-scale seawater reverse osmosis systems. A mathematical analysis to study pressure intensifiers for energy recovery in reverse osmosis applications was developed. The analysis was used in the design and modelling of the energy recovery device. A first prototype was built and subsequently demonstrated in a system desalinating seawater over a wide range of electrical input power stretching between 286 and 1196 W, producing up to 286 L/h of freshwater with specific energy consumptions in the range of 3.5 to 4.5 kWh/m^3. The flat specific energy characteristic makes the device attractive for renewable-energy-powered systems without energy storage. The prototype implementation was realised through modifying a Clark pump, but the new concept is fundamentally different. The new device recovers energy from the concentrate stream, which it then uses to suck in and pressurise seawater, relying purely on its piston area ratio, and thus eliminating the need for a low-pressure feed pump.
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El-Azizi, Ibrahim M. "Prediction, Diagnosis and Prevention of Fouling in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522026.

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Gilabert, Oriol Guillem. "Optimization of ultrafiltration membrane cleaning processes. Pretreatment for reverse osmosis in seawater desalination plants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/108954.

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Esta tesis explica com mejorar la eficiencia del proceso de ultrafiltración en la desalinización de agua de mar. Esto se consigue optimizando diferentes procesos de limpieza como los contralavados y las limpiezas químicas mejoradas. Para conseguirlo se siguen diferentes estrategias como reducir el número de pasos de los contralavados, reducir la frecuencia de los contralavados, usar salmorra proveniente del concentrado de osmosis y reducir el consumo de químicos. Se propone una nueva metodología para analizar los ciclos de limpieza mediante la modelización del proceso. Diferentes tipos de fibra son analizados mediante su permeabilidad y tolerancia a la suciedad. Se presenta una nueva metodología para prevenir la cloración de las membranas de osmosis inversa causadas por las limpiezas químicas mejoradas que se llevan a cabo aguas arriba. Todos los descubrimientos son validados con datos obtenidos de plantas reales. Estas mejoras aumentan la eficiencia del proceso hasta al 98% y reducen el coste de operación de la ultrafiltración en un 7%.
This thesis gives an overview on how to improve efficiency of the ultrafiltration filtration process in seawater desalination. This is achieved by optimizing different cleaning processes such as the backwash and the chemical enhanced backwash. Key success factors rely on reducing the number of backwash steps, improving the backwash frequency, using reverse osmosis brine for backwashing and reducing the chemical consumption. A new methodology to analyze these cleanings cycles is proposed through modeling the process. Different fibers types are also analyzed according to its permeability and its fouling tolerance. A methodology to prevent reverse osmosis chlorination from upstream chemical enhanced backwash cleaning is presented. All the findings are validated through real plant operating data. The proposed improvements increase the process efficiency to 98% and lead to a 7% cost reduction in the ultrafiltration process.
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Wang, Yuan School of Chemical Engineering &amp Industrial Chemistry UNSW. "Composite fouling of calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate in a dynamic seawater reverse osmosis unit." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26007.

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Deposition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium sulfate (CaSO4) causes serious processing problems and limits the productivity of seawater reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. The interactions between CaSO4 and CaCO3 in the dynamic seawater RO systems have been neglected previously because conventional studies mainly focused on individual compounds or mixed compounds in batch systems. The present work evaluates composite fouling behavior of CaSO4 and CaCO3 in a dynamic RO unit. The fouling experiments were performed at constant pressure and velocity by a partial recycling mode which permeate was withdrawn from the system during the recirculation of retentate to simulate the increasing of water recovery level. The fouling phenomena were monitored by the decline of flux. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with a combination of elemental dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDS), and x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the morphological features, chemical compositions and crystalline phases of foulants. The interactions of CaSO4 and CaCO3 were investigated by the comparison between individual CaSO4 or CaCO3 fouling and composite fouling, and by varying SO42-/HCO3- molar ratio of the feed. A recently developed approach, Scaling Potential Index (SPI) incorporated with measured concentration polarization modulus (CP), for assessing the fouling tendency of inorganic salts on the membrane surface was validated in the dynamic tests. In addition, the effectiveness of two generic scale inhibitors, polyacrylic acid (molecular weight =2100, PA) and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) were evaluated. Some of the highlights of the obtained results are as follows: ??????The precipitation kinetics, morphology and adhesive strength of composite scales were different from pure precipitates ??????CaSO4 precipitated as gypsum while CaCO3 precipitated as two crystalline phases: calcite and aragonite ??????The crystalline phases as well as precipitation kinetics were affected by SO42-/HCO3- ratio ??????Scaling Potential Index was able to predict the fouling tendency of CaSO4 and CaCO3 accurately ??????The dosage of PA and SHMP was effective to mitigate fouling Results of this work are significant, not only because they have made contribution to the fundamental understanding of composite inorganic fouling in RO membrane systems which was ignored previously, but also because they may play a key role in the development of scale control.
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Labban, Omar. "Modeling low-pressure nanofiltration membranes and hollow fiber modules for softening and pretreatment in seawater reverse osmosis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104285.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-96).
Recently, interest in nanofiltration (NF) has been surging, as has interest using it as a technology for better brine management and pretreatment in reverse osmosis (RO) plants. Using NF for pretreatment reduces fouling and scaling in RO units, allowing for potentially higher recoveries. This lowers the environmental impact of RO by decreasing the amount of water to be treated per unit volume of water produced, and reducing the volume of RO brine to be managed. This can potentially curb the CO2 emissions resulting from the RO desalination process. A novel class of low-pressure nanofiltration (NF) hollow fiber membranes, particularly suited for water softening and desalination pretreatment have lately been fabricated in-house using layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition with chemical crosslinking. These membranes can operate at exceedingly low pressures (2 bar), while maintaining relatively high rejections of multivalent ions. In spite of their great potential, our understanding as to what makes them superior has been limited, demanding further investigation before any large-scale implementation can be realized. In this study, the Donnan-Steric Pore Model with dielectric exclusion (DSPM-DE) is applied for the first time to these membranes to describe the membrane separation performance, and to explain the observed rejection trends, including negative rejection, and their underlying multi-ionic interactions. Experiments were conducted on a spectrum of feed chemistries, ranging from uncharged solutes to single salts, salt mixtures, and artificial seawater to characterize the membrane and accurately predict its performance. Modeling results were validated with experiments, and then used to elucidate the working principles that underly the low-pressure softening process. An approach based on sensitivity analysis shows that the membrane pore dielectric constant, followed by the pore size, are primarily responsible for the high selectivity of the NF membranes to multivalent ions. Surprisingly, the softening process is found not to be sensitive to changes in membrane charge density. Our findings demonstrate that the unique ability of these membranes to exclusively separate multivalent ions from the solution, while allowing monovalent ions to permeate, is key to making this lowpressure softening process realizable. Given its high surface area to volume ratio and desirable mass transfer characteristics, the hollow fiber module configuration has been central to the development of reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration (UF) technologies over the past five decades. Following the development of the LbL membrane, interest in their scale-up implementation for softening and desalination pretreatment has been growing. Further progress on large-scale deployment, however, has been restrained by the lack of an accurate predictive model, which is pivotal to guiding module design and operation. Earlier models targeting hollow fiber modules are only suitable for RO or UF technologies, and no appropriate NF models have been presented to characterize the performance of hollow fiber modules at the large-scale. In this work, we propose a new modeling approach based on the implementation of mass and momentum balances, coupled with a suitable membrane transport model, such as the Donnan-Steric Pore Model with dielectric exclusion (DSPM-DE), to predict module performance at the system-level. We then propose a preliminary module design, and employ parametric studies to investigate the effect of varying key system parameters and to elucidate the tradeoffs available to the module designer. The model has significant implications for low-pressure nanofiltration, as well as hollow fiber NF module design and operation. An approach based on comparing the marginal increase in system recovery to the marginal increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP) was used to define an optimal operating point. Our findings reveal that increasing the TMP could potentially increase energy savings under some operating conditions.
by Omar Labban.
S.M.
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Mondamert, Leslie. "Seawater desalination, autopsy and cleaning of reverse osmosis membranes recovered from full-scale plants and pilot units." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT2264.

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Koprivnjak, Jean-François. "Natural Organic Matter: Isolation and Bioavailability." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14564.

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Electrodialysis (ED) experiments were conducted on reverse osmosis (RO)-concentrated solutions of NOM from six rivers. The ED processes successfully recovered 88 11% of TOC, and removed 83% 19% of SO42- and 67% 18% of H4SiO4. More importantly, the molar ratios of SO42- /TOC and H4SiO4 /TOC were reduced to a mean value of 0.0046 and 0.032, respectively, surpassing the goal for removal of SO42- (0.008) and almost achieving the goal for removal of H4SiO4 (0.021). The ED process can lower the SO42- /TOC ratio in samples whose initial SO42- /TOC ratios are already far below the limit of 0.008 used in this study. The coupled RO/ED process that has been described here offers a fast, simple, chemically mild (relative to other methods), and reproducible method of isolation of large quantities of relatively unfractionated, low-ash NOM from freshwaters. RO/ED was also successfully used for isolating and concentrating marine dissolved organic matter (DOM). The effort successfully recovered a median of 72% of the TOC from 200 L samples within six to nine hours of processing through a combination of ED and RO, greatly exceeding the current norm of 30%. The relatively high recovery of DOM implies that classes of DOM previously missing are included in these samples and should yield new insight into the chemistry of marine DOM. Freshwater samples processed by electrodialysis were analyzed for elemental composition and by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Bulk elemental composition, 1H- and 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS data provide evidence linking bioavailabilty to the bulk chemistry of NOM: the H/C and N/C molar ratios are positively and strongly correlated with bioavailability, as hypothesized. Using an independent dataset (STORET) of water quality parameters, calculated BOD/TOC ratios were found to be moderately correlated with measured bioavailabilities and can be used as a surrogate for bioavailability of geochemically diverse riverine DOM.
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Lindkvist, Jonas. "Social, Economical and Technical Evaluation of a reverse osmosis drinking water plant in the Stockholm Archipelago." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32777.

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The drinking water plant in this case study is a combined groundwater and reverse osmosisplant in the Stockholm archipelago. The reverse osmosis purification step was added to theplant in 1995. This technique is relatively new in Sweden and there are possibilities for it tobecome a good complement to conventional drinking water treatment. The plant has used thistechnique for over 10 years with good results. It is therefore of great interest to evaluate anddocument it for the possibility to implement this technique in areas not connected toconventional drinking water production.Reverse osmosis separates the incoming water to a clean permeate and concentrate ofremoved particles, larger molecules and ions. This technique has a high purification degree. Itcan remove dissolved particles and microorganisms without disinfection. However, it isrelatively expensive due to a high electricity consumption compared to conventional drinkingwater treatment. The high electricity consumption in this kind of system depends on aphenomenon called membrane fouling caused by the constituents in the raw water, graduallybecoming enriched on the membrane surface.The aim of this thesis was to evaluate and document a drinking water plant in the Stockholmarchipelago from a social, economical, technical and environmental perspective. A socialsurvey in the form of a questionnaire was conducted to reveal opinions about the water qualityprovided by the plant. The economical evaluation was done to estimate the cost of drinkingwater production and find the water cost in Kr/m3. The technical part involved documentationof the plant layout and evaluation of its performance. To assess the performance historicalchemical and microbial analyses were evaluated. A mass balance was attempted to drawconclusions for the overall system. The environmental part of the plant assessment, includedan estimate of the electricity and chemicals use in the plant.The results revealed that from an overall perspective the water quality from the plant issatisfactory with some concerns about metal taste and turbidity that sometimes occur. Thepotential presence of dangerous algal toxins in the water was also a concern. The totalproduction cost in Kr/m3 is higher than expected and higher than sales price. In technicalterms, the plant has functioned well. However, there is a need to monitor more parameters inthe plant including; more flow parameters, concentrations of added chemicals and more waterquality parameters. Electricity consumption has been higher than expected. Control(throttling) valves in the brine reject are relatively large energy consumers and arecommendation is to investigate potential savings by changing them for pressure exchangevalves.
www.ima.kth.se
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Books on the topic "Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO)"

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Missimer, Thomas M., Burton Jones, and Robert G. Maliva, eds. Intakes and Outfalls for Seawater Reverse-Osmosis Desalination Facilities. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13203-7.

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Hong, Seungkwan, Kiho Park, Jungbin Kim, and Dae Ryook Yang. Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) Desalination. IWA Publishing, 2021.

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Hong, Seungkwan, Kiho Park, Jungbin Kim, and Dae Ryook Yang. Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) Desalination. IWA Publishing, 2021.

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Dhakal, Nirajan. Controlling Biofouling in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Dhakal, Nirajan. Controlling Biofouling in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Controlling Biofouling in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Dhakal, Nirajan. Controlling Biofouling in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Dhakal, Nirajan. Controlling Biofouling in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Tabatabai, S. Assiyeh Alizadeh. Coagulation and Ultrafiltration in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment: UNESCO-IHE PhD Thesis. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Amy, Gary, Sergio G. Salinas-Rodriguez, I. S. Kim, J. C. Schippers, and Maria D. Kennedy. Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination: Assessment and Pre-Treatment of Fouling and Scaling. IWA Publishing, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO)"

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Hogan, Timothy W. "Impingement and Entrainment at SWRO Desalination Facility Intakes." In Intakes and Outfalls for Seawater Reverse-Osmosis Desalination Facilities. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13203-7_4.

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Missimer, Thomas M., Robert G. Maliva, and Thomas Pankratz. "Innovations in Design and Operation of SWRO Intake Systems." In Intakes and Outfalls for Seawater Reverse-Osmosis Desalination Facilities. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13203-7_15.

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Maliva, Robert G., and Thomas M. Missimer. "Well Intake Systems for SWRO Systems: Design and Limitations." In Intakes and Outfalls for Seawater Reverse-Osmosis Desalination Facilities. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13203-7_8.

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Chong, Tzyy Haur, Rong Wang, and Anthony Gordon Fane. "High-Rejection Seawater Reverse Osmosis Membrane." In Encyclopedia of Membranes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1418.

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Chong, Tzyy Haur, Rong Wang, and Anthony Gordon Fane. "High-Rejection Seawater Reverse Osmosis Membrane." In Encyclopedia of Membranes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1418-1.

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Chen, Jiaping Paul, Edward S. K. Chian, Ping-Xin Sheng, K. G. Nadeeshani Nanayakkara, Lawrence K. Wang, and Yen-Peng Ting. "Desalination of Seawater by Reverse Osmosis." In Membrane and Desalination Technologies. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-278-6_13.

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Baudish, Peter. "Design Considerations for Tunnelled Seawater Intakes." In Intakes and Outfalls for Seawater Reverse-Osmosis Desalination Facilities. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13203-7_2.

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Pankratz, Thomas. "Overview of Intake Systems for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Facilities." In Intakes and Outfalls for Seawater Reverse-Osmosis Desalination Facilities. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13203-7_1.

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Gónzalez, A., L. Delgado, F. Avia, and J. Mateos. "Wind and Photovoltaic Powered Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Plant." In Seventh E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3817-5_45.

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Lomax, Ian. "The Pace of Change in Seawater Desalination by Reverse Osmosis." In Water Resources Development and Management. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89346-2_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO)"

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Siddiqui, Hammad, Mariam Elnour, Nader Meskin, and Syed Zaidi. "Full-Scale Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant Simulator." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0067.

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Reverse Osmosis (RO) is an efficient and clean membrane-based technology for water desalination. This work presents a full-scale seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plant simulator using MATLAB/Simulink that has been validated using the operational data from a local plant. It allows simulating the system behavior under different operating conditions with high flexibility and minimal cost.
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Goto, Akira, Masao Shinoda, and Takashi Takemura. "Mixing Control in an Isobaric Energy Recovery Device of Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination System." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69384.

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Mixing phenomena in an isobaric energy recovery device (ERD) of a seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination system are investigated experimentally and numerically using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The ERD, which recovers energy from high-pressure brine discharged from RO membranes, is one of the most important mechanical devices in a SWRO desalination system. In this ERD, seawater is introduced into a vertical chamber from the top, and then high-pressure brine is introduced into the chamber from the bottom. The high-pressure brine pressurizes the seawater through direct liquid-to-liquid contact, transferring high-pressure energy of the brine to the seawater. This enables a sharp reduction in the electric energy consumption, typically 50%, of high-pressure pumps used to elevate seawater pressure for RO membranes. The energy recovery efficiency of the present ERD is over 98%, which is extremely high compared to a conventional turbine-type energy recovery device, such as a Pelton turbine, which has a system energy recovery efficiency of 60 to 80%. The possible weakness of the present ERD is the amount of mixing between brine and seawater around the direct contact surface, because mixing phenomena increase the salinity of seawater supplied to RO membranes. A higher pressure is required to keep the same amount of permeate from the membrane, which results in an energy loss in the system. To minimize mixing, a set of unique flow distributors was invented and placed at both ends of the pressure exchange chamber, which stabilizes the contact surfaces and suppresses excessive mixing. Mixing phenomena in the pressure-exchange chamber are investigated experimentally in detail with PIV and numerically with CFD, and the effectiveness of the flow distributors is clarified.
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Ye, Xiao-yan, Sun-sheng Yang, Jing-ning Hu, Xia-ping Xiao, and Guang-feng Zhou. "Research on Improving Efficiency of High Pressure Pump in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination." In ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78158.

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According to the energy consumption status and characteristics of high pressure pump in Seawater Reverse Osmosis desalination unit of 2500m3/d and 5000 m3/d capacity, reasonable types of high pressure pump were chosen. Research on improving the efficiency of the two types of high pressure pump was made. Without affecting the pump reliability, structural optimization was made centering a round improving the energy efficiency or making efforts to improve energy efficiency. CFD technology was adopted in the fluid end design of the reciprocating pump and high efficiency hydraulic model chosen of the multistage centrifugal pump. For multistage centrifugal pump, several hydraulic models with good hydraulic characteristics were chosen. Numerical method was used in the performance prediction and modeling. Test results show that the optimized reciprocating pump efficiency reaches 93.36% and the multistage centrifugal pump efficiency reaches 80%. This research provides theoretical guidance for reducing energy consumption of Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) and improving the efficiency of high pressure pumps.
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Bani Salim, Muath, and Xuewei Zhang. "Development and Verification of an Integrated Seawater Desalination and Renewable Energy System Model." In ASME 2021 Verification and Validation Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/vvs2021-65284.

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Abstract This work investigates the modeling and verification of seawater reverse osmosis powered by renewable energy resources (SWRO-RES). The model includes one stage of RO membranes, high pressure (HP) pump, energy recovery devices (ERD), Wind turbines (WT), photovoltaic panels (PV), and electrical grid as a back-up for the cases when there is weak penetration of the RES. Antibugging and tracing for the computer model were used as part of the code verification to discover all coding errors and check whether the computer model conforms to the SWRO specifications. After that, the calculations verifications process was performed using sensitivity analysis (SA) to evaluate whether the model response follows the anticipated direction and to check the model at some extreme conditions. Four SA cases were implemented to evaluate the SWRO-RES freshwater production, freshwater concentration, recovery rate, and specific energy consumption (SEC). Case 1 was the SA for different feed pressure values. In this case, it is important to find the pressure value that gives the lowest freshwater concentration. Case 2 was the SA for different feedwater temperature values. While case 3 was the SA for the feedwater concentration. In all these cases, the model shows a verified response and as anticipated. The last SA case was to study the effect of different numbers of WT and PV panels and evaluate the electrical grid share considering one year of operation for the SWRO-RES plant.
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Ashfaq, Mohammad Yousaf, Mohammad Al-Ghouti, Nabil Zouari, and Hazim Qiblawey. "Development of Polymer Modified Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Membranes to Reduce both Scaling and Biofouling." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0064.

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In seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO), membrane scaling is one of the major issues affecting its widespread application in the desalination industry. In this research, the effect of concentration of calcium and sulfate ions from 20 to 150 mM and temperature from 5 to 35̊C on calcium sulfate scaling of reverse osmosis (RO) and Graphene oxide functionalized RO membranes was investigated. It was found that increase of concentration as well as temperature enhances the mineral scaling, where morphology of crystals varies from rod shaped to rosette structures. It was also observed that commonly found seawater bacteria can use antiscalants as an energy/carbon source thereby degrading them and reducing their efficiency to reduce mineral scaling. Moreover, bacteria were found to be capable of inducing/mediating calcium sulfate precipitation on RO membranes, further enhancing the mineral scaling. Therefore, it was important to modify RO membranes capable of simultaneously reduce both mineral scaling and biofouling. For this purpose, RO membrane was modified with antibacterial graphene oxide and polymer antiscalants using microwave radiation technique. It was found that the modified membranes were able to inhibit microbial growth up to 95%, while, mineral scaling was also reduced by 97%. Hence, it was concluded that the coating of polymer modified graphene oxide nanocomposites on RO membranes can simultaneously reduce both biofouling and scaling. So far, such dual characteristics of modified membranes have not been reported in the literature.
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Yu, Bo Yang, Olivier de Weck, and Maria C. Yang. "Parameter Design Strategies: A Comparison Between Human Designers and the Simulated Annealing Algorithm." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47674.

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Computer-based tools have great potential for facilitating the design of large-scale engineering systems. Interviews with veteran designers of desalination systems revealed that they tended to employ a trial-and-error approach to determine critical design parameters when using software design packages. A series of human experiments were conducted to observe the performance and behavior of test subjects during a series of simulated design processes involving seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plants. The subjects were mostly students with a spectrum of knowledge levels in desalination system design. The experiments showed that subjects who ranked top in performance behaved very differently from those who were bottom-ranked. The problem-solving profiles of the best performing subjects resembled a well-tuned simulated annealing optimization algorithm while the worst performing subjects used a pseudo random search strategy. This finding could be used to improve computer-based design tools by utilizing the synergy between strengths of humans and computers.
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Jarquin-Laguna, Antonio, and Francesca Greco. "Integration of Hydraulic Wind Turbines for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination." In 2019 Offshore Energy and Storage Summit (OSES). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oses.2019.8867343.

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Liu, Hongli, Shijia Liu, Lei Shao, Ji Li, and Xiaoqi Chen. "Design of Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Control System Based on LADRC." In 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering, Information Science & Application Technology (ICCIA 2017). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccia-17.2017.35.

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Ding, Qiang, and Zhiyuan Niu. "Optimizing and scheduling of super large-scale seawater reverse osmosis desalination system." In 2013 10th IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icca.2013.6564920.

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Banchik, Leonardo D., and John H. Lienhard. "Thermodynamic Analysis of a Reverse Osmosis Desalination System Using Forward Osmosis for Energy Recovery." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86987.

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Thermodynamic analysis is applied to assess the energy efficiency of hybrid desalination cycles that are driven by simultaneous mixed inputs, including heat, electrical work, and chemical energy. A seawater desalination cycle using work and a chemical input stream is analyzed using seawater properties. Two system models, a reversible separator and an irreversible component based model, are developed to find the least work required to operate the system with and without osmotic recovery. The component based model represents a proposed desalination system which uses a reverse osmosis membrane for solute separation, a pressure exchanger for recovering a fraction of the flow work associated with the pressurized discharge brine, and a forward osmosis (FO) module for recovering some of the chemical energy contained within the concentrated discharge brine. The energy attained by the addition of the chemical input stream serves to lower the amount of electrical work required for operation. For this analysis, a wastewater stream of varying solute concentration, ranging from feed to brackish water salinity, is considered as the chemical stream. Unlike other models available in the literature, the FO exchanger is numerically simulated as a mass exchanger of given size which accounts for changing stream concentration, and consequently, stream-wise variations of osmotic pressure throughout the length of the unit. A parametric study is performed on the models by varying input conditions. For the reversible case it is found that significant work reductions can be made through the use of an energy recovery device when the inlet wastewater salinity used is less than the feed salinity of 35 g/kg. For the irreversible case with a typical recovery ratio and feed salinity, significant work reductions were only noted for a wastewater inlet of less than half of the feed salinity due to pump work losses. In the irreversible case, the use of a numerical model to simulate the FO exchanger resulted in a maximum work reduction when the pressure difference between streams was around one half of the osmotic pressure difference as opposed to the precise value of one half found in zero-dimensional exchanger models.
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