Journal articles: 'Second and First Centuries'

1

Nicklas, T. "Ancient Christian care for prisoners: first and second centuries." Acta Theologica 23, no. 1 (2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/actat.v23i1s.3.

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AL-JAMIL, MOHAMMAD. "Islamic Rings in the First and Second Centuries, A.H." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Arts and Humanities 2, no. 1 (1989): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.2-1.5.

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PLANTZOS, DIMITRIS. "PTOLEMAIC CAMEOS OF THE SECOND AND FIRST CENTURIES BC." Oxford Journal of Archaeology 15, no. 1 (1996): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0092.1996.tb00073.x.

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4

Milsom, John. "Tallis's First and Second Thoughts." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 113, no. 2 (1988): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/113.2.203.

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Thomas Tallis, in common with virtually every other Tudor composer, left no legacy of autograph copies of his music. A glance at the footnotes and critical commentaries that gloss his works in the various collected editions is enough to show how frequently the sources from which his music can be recovered are in disagreement with one another, often in detail, sometimes in greater substance. Looking at these sources and their readings, one is left with the impression that these are the testaments of lesser authorities: the musicians and scribes, of varying competence or trustworthiness, who copied Tallis's music into their manuscripts, not only during the composer's lifetime but also for many decades (or in certain cases centuries) after his death.

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Galyamov, А. А. "Images of the Ob Ugrians in illustrated editions of the second half of the XVIII – first half of the XIX centuries: an iconological analysis." Bulletin of Ugric studies 10, no. 4 (2020): 774–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2020-10-4-774-786.

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Introduction: using a wide range of illustrative sources (academic works, ethnographic and costume albums) of the second half of the XVIII – first half of the XIX centuries, as well as relying on the iconological approach, the article analyzes the works reflecting the appearance and life of the Ob Ugrians. Objective: review and iconological analysis of images of the Ob Ugrians based on illustrated editions of the second half of the XVIII – first half of the XIX centuries. Research materials: illustrated editions of the second half of the XVIII – first half of the XIX centuries. Results and novelty of the research: the theme of the representation of the Ob Ugrians in illustrated editions of the second half of the XVIII – first half of the XIX centuries are poorly studied. The relevance of the research in the context of ethnographic Ob-Ugric studies is due to the fact that until now there were no attempts of systematic analysis of images of the Ob Ugric peoples in illustrative publications of the second half of the XVIII – first half of the XIX centuries, which are of scientific value. The novelty of the research is connected with the consideration of transformation of images of the Ob Ugrians on the example of engravings by Ch. Roth and E. M. Korneev, which can be found in domestic and foreign editions of the second half of the XVIII – first half of the XIX centuries.

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Pascual, Izquierdo-Egea. "Vaugrignon y las fluctuaciones económicas de los galos durante los siglos II y I a. C." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 20 (December 31, 2013): 29–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1311667.

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El cementerio galo de Vaugrignon (Esvres-sur-Indre, Francia) arroja luz sobre las fluctuaciones económicas y los cambios sociales registrados en el territorio de los <em>Turoni</em> y en el resto de la Galia inmediatamente anterior y posterior a la conquista romana, entre finales del siglo II y finales del I antes de nuestra era. Sus monedas, cuyo sistema resulta perfectamente aislable, también evidencian las oscilaciones de su economía monetaria, mostrando devaluaciones, revalorizaciones o situaciones inflacionarias. ENGLISH: Vaugrignon and the Economic Fluctuations of the Gauls during the Second and First Centuries BC. The Gaul cemetery at Vaugrignon—Esvres-sur-Indre, France—sheds light on the economic fluctuations and social changes in the territory of the <em>Turoni</em> and the rest of Gaul immediately before and after the Roman conquest, between the late second and late first centuries BC. Coins, whose system is perfectly isolable, also show the oscillations of their monetary economy, highlighting devaluations, revaluations or inflationary situations.

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Longacre, Drew. "Reconsidering the Date of the En-Gedi Leviticus Scroll (EGLev): Exploring the Limitations of the Comparative-Typological Paleographic Method." Textus 27, no. 1 (2018): 44–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589255x-02701004.

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AbstractYardeni dated the charred En-Gedi Leviticus scroll (EGLev) to the second half of the first or early second century CE. Paleographic evidence is often ambiguous and can provide only an imprecise basis for dating EGLev. Nevertheless, a series of important typological developments evident in the hand of EGLev suggests a date somewhat later than the Dead Sea Scrolls of the first–second centuries, but clearly earlier than comparanda from the sixth–eighth centuries. The cumulative supporting evidence from the archeological context, bibliographic/voluminological details (wooden roller and metallic ink), format and layout (tall, narrow columns)—each individually indeterminative—also suggests dating EGLev to the period from the third–sixth centuries CE. I argue that EGLev should be dated to the third–fourth centuries CE, with only a small possibility that it could have been written in the second or fifth centuries, which is possibly supported by radiocarbon dating.

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Yaghi, Ghazwan Mustafa. "Copper Coins minted in Damascus in the First and Second Centuries Hijri." Abgadiyat 5, no. 1 (2010): 84–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138609-00501012.

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9

Hirshman, Marc. "Rabbinic Universalism in the Second and Third Centuries." Harvard Theological Review 93, no. 2 (2000): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000016722.

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In the eye of a protracted political storm, the rabbinic sages of the first centuries of the common era preserved and nurtured their Jewish heritage. This was not a univocal heritage, but one of significant diversity. Although these rabbis were fully aware of the divisiveness that had plagued Jewish religious attitudes over the centuries, they turned debate and dissent into their very trademark. Whether in matters legal, ethical, or theological, differing and even contradictory opinions were the norm. A natural result of this rabbinic posture is that the entire rabbinic corpus is anthological. We do not possess individual works of the rabbis, great as they might have been. We have instead catenae or collections of statements. Sometimes they represent real conversations between sages, but other times they reflect an editorial juxtaposition of opposing views. These characteristics of rabbinic literature create a formidable challenge for those who wish to treat rabbinic thought systematically.

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10

Lee, Jun-sung. "International Relations and Warfare in East Asia in the First and Second Centuries." Journal of Korean Ancient History 112 (December 31, 2023): 91–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.37331/jkah.2023.12.112.91.

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Strauch, Ingo. "The evolution of the Buddhistrakṣāgenre in the light of new evidence from Gandhāra: The *Manasvi-nāgarāja-sūtrafrom the Bajaur Collection of Kharoṣṭhī Manuscripts". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 77, № 1 (2014): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x14000044.

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AbstractThis article examines the *Manasvi-nāgarāja-sūtra,a unique text in therakṣāgenre of Buddhist literature dating to the early centuries of the common era. In addition to exploring special features of the vocabulary and meaning of this text, the article places the *Manasvi-nāgarāja-sūtrain the wider context of Buddhist textual and ritual practice in the first, second and third centuriesce.

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12

Turrill, Hannah. "Christianity in the First and Second Centuries: Essential Readings , by Kevin Douglas Hill (ed.)." Evangelical Quarterly 93, no. 3 (2022): 294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-09303006.

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13

Jensen, Matthew D. "Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries: How to Write Their History." Bulletin for Biblical Research 26, no. 1 (2016): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26371401.

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Bockmuehl, Markus. "Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries: How to Write Their History." Journal of Jewish Studies 67, no. 1 (2016): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18647/3269/jjs-2016.

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15

Phang, Sara Elise. "The Families of Roman Soldiers (First and Second Centuries A.D.): Culture, Law, and Practice." Journal of Family History 27, no. 4 (2002): 352–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319902236623.

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Bedwin, Owen, Robin Holgate, P. L. Drewett, et al. "Excavations at Copse Farm, Oving, West Sussex." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 51, no. 1 (1985): 215–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00007106.

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Two farmsteads, one of late Iron Age (second-first centuries BC) date and the other dating to the early Romano-British period (first-second centuries AD), were excavated at Copse Farm, Oving. The site is situated within the Chichester dykes on the Sussex/Hampshire Coastal Plain. The Iron Age farmstead produced pottery spanning ‘saucepan’ and ‘Aylesford-Swarling’ traditions, a transition in ceramic production which is poorly understood in Sussex. Information on the agricultural economy and small-scale industries (principally metalworking) practised at this site give an insight into the way the Coastal Plain was settled and exploited at the end of the first millennium BC.

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17

Popitiu, Ioana, and Dorina Liliana Dan. "The Restoration and Conservation of a Bronze Artefact." Proceedings 57, no. 1 (2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020057099.

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18

Werner, Michael R., and Anne Johnson. "Roman Forts of the First and Second Centuries A.D. in Britain and the German Provinces." Classical World 79, no. 5 (1986): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4349908.

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19

Baglan, Baglan, and Bimurad Burkhanov. "STUDYING KAZAKH NECROTOPONYMS MONGOLIA AND KAZAKHSTAN (SECOND HALF XIX - FIRST QUARTER OF THE XXI CENTURIES)." KAZAKHSTAN ORIENTAL STUDIES 11, no. 3 (2024): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.63051/kos.2024.3.83.

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Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of funeral monuments (nektrotoponyms) of the Kazakhs of Kazakhstan and the western regions of Mongolia, where the overwhelming majority of the Kazakhs of this country currently live. Various kinds of expeditions organized during this period collected extensive material on the history, geography, ethnography, as well as toponymy of Mongolia and Kazakhstan. Moreover, in the context of the topic we are considering, it should be especially noted that scientific expeditions and trips of individual researchers were not of a special toponymic nature, but were carried out as part of a general study of history, geography, Mongolia and Kazakhstan. At the same time, the purpose of this article is to analyze the content and main directions of studying necrotoponyms of Kazakhstan and the western regions of Mongolia. When writing the work, the methods of factor and diachronic analysis, as well as the synthesis method, were used. In the course of studying this issue, the author came to the conclusion that the study of Kazakh necrotoponyms was carried out as part of a study of the traditional culture of the Kazakhs, in particular, funeral rites. The collected material shows that in traditional Kazakh society necrotoponyms performed various purely practical and ethnocultural functions. In particular, we are talking about the functions of preserving the historical memory of the population (memory of historical events), orienting people on the ground during their movement across vast steppe spaces, marking the limits of the ancestral territories of the Kazakhs, etc.

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Egorov, V. G., and A. A. Inshakov. "COOPERATIVE THEORY OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURIES." Geoeconomics of Energetics, no. 3 (October 11, 2024): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2024_27_3_67.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the theoretical views of thinkers representing various directions of socio-political thought on cooperation, its place and role in social development. The views of representatives of the Marxist, populist, and social democratic directions of the science of cooperation are specially considered, an idea is given about the theoretical concepts of the Italian and American academic communities of cooperation researchers, and the contribution of intellectuals developing game theory.

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21

Muehlberger, Ellen. "Playing a Jewish Game: Gentile Christian Judaizing in the First and Second Centuries C.E. (review)." Journal of Early Christian Studies 13, no. 1 (2005): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/earl.2005.0011.

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Donaldson, Terence L. "Playing a Jewish Game: Gentile Christian Judaizing in the First and Second Centuries CE (review)." University of Toronto Quarterly 75, no. 1 (2006): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/utq.2006.0052.

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23

Jassen, Alex. "Playing a Jewish Game: Gentile Christian Judaizing in the First and Second Centuries CE (review)." Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 24, no. 3 (2006): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sho.2006.0061.

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24

Kasparov, Alexei, and Yuri Vinogradov. "Mysticism and Everyday Life: Osteological Materials from a Classical Time Settlement of Artyushchenko–1 (Taman Peninsula)." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 3 (2022): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp223381391.

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The settlement of Artyushchenko–1 has been studied by the Bosporus expedition of the Institute for the History of Material Culture since 1998. During this time, a huge amount of material has been accumulated that characterizes various aspects of the life of its population. The settlement existed intermittently for almost 900 years: the archaic period (the last third of the 6th — the first third of the 5th centuries BC), the classical (mid-4th century BC), Hellenistic (the second half of the 3rd — the first half of the 2nd centuries BC), Roman (1st—3rd centuries AD), Late Roman (second half of the 4th century AD) and early medieval period (8th—9th centuries). For all periods, the finds include bones of domestic animals. In 2012, an unusual sanctuary of the Roman time was discovered on the western outskirts of the settlement. Its structure included large pits in which sacrificial animals (dogs, pigs, cows) were buried. Such sacrifices appear to have been made to the gods who could ensure the well-being of the inhabitants of the settlement and bestow fertility on their fields.

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Stander, H. F. "Die breuk tussen die Christendom en die Jodedom in die eerste twee eeue nC." Verbum et Ecclesia 10, no. 1 (1989): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v10i1.997.

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The break between Christianity and Judaism in the first two centuries AD It is argued that a radical break between Christianity and Judaism originated in the second half of the first century AD. This sharp separation persisted in the subsequent centuries. In this article the relationship between the early Christians and the Jews in the first two centuries is studied. The issue is approached from three different angles, namely (a) How did the pagans (the Greeks and the Romans) see the Christians? (b) How did the Jews behave towards the Christians? (c) How did the Christians behave towards the Jews? All statements are based on quotations from primary texts outside the New Testament.

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Kiss, Gergely. "Mutatis mutandis?" Specimina Nova Pars Prima Sectio Medaevalis 7 (May 7, 2022): 71–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/spmnnv.2013.07.04.

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Mutatis mutandis? Changing of Jurisdictional Theories of Some Hungarian Prelates in the Second Half of the Twelfth and in the First Half of Thirteenth Centuries The present paper aims to analyse the jurisdictional theories of some prelates (Lucas, Job, John and Robert, archbishops of Esztergom, Kalocsa and bishop of Veszprém) who had determining influence on the development of the Hungarian ecclesiastical hierarchy in the second half of the twelfth and the first half of thirteenth centuries. I study whether their transition to other (arch)bishopric seat(s) generated or not any changes in the jurisdictional theories, and if so, how contradictory or consequent they were.

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Eroshenko, G. A., E. F. Batieva, and V. V. Kutyrev. "Paleogenomics of the Plague Agent and Prospects for Paleogenomic Studies in Russia." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 2 (July 11, 2023): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-13-28.

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The review contains information on paleogenomic studies of the plague pathogen, Yersinia pestis, covering the prehistoric epoch, the periods of the first and second plague pandemics, epidemics and outbreaks of plague of the late XIX–XX centuries. We have summarized the data on the reconstruction of ancient Y. pestis genomes of the Late Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages, the Justinian Plague epidemic of the first plague pandemic, the Black Death epidemic and the subsequent epidemics of the second plague pandemic of the XIV–XVIII centuries, as well as on tracing the pathways of plague propagation waves in Eurasia and the course of plague agent evolution with the formation of a vector-borne transmission route with the help of arthropods. We present the results of our own research of Y. pestis genomes from the key sites of formation of etiological agents of the first and second plague pandemics in the Tien Shan Mountains, historical outbreaks in the Northern and North-Western Caspian sea region and other regions of Russia and adjoining countries in the late XIX–XX centuries. The paper discusses the areas of the Caucasus, Crimea, Northern Caspian, Siberia, and Tien Shan in the territory of Russia and neighboring states that are promising for national paleogenomic studies of plague.

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M., KORUSENKO, GERASIMOV Yu., ZDOR M., and ZAGORODNIKOVA D. "THE FIRST AND SECOND FORTRESSES OF OMSK: RESEARCH AND PRESERVATION POSSIBILITIES." Preservation and study of the cultural heritage of the Altai Territory 27 (2021): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/2411-1503.2021.27.57.

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The present article summarizes research related to demarcating the first and second Omsk fortresses. Fortifications of these landmarks have long been destroyed, the cultural layer only and partially complexes of buildings of the late 18th - first half of the 19th centuries have been preserved, but they are at risk in connection with active modern urban development. Active archaeological research during the last ten years has yielded an expanded informational database and new evidence illuminating the use of the territory in antiquity and providing insight on the cultural layer of the fortresses. The authors of the present paper have ascertained and precised on the city map the borders of both sites, using stratigraphic research, historical cartography, and archival record. The conclusion provides insight on the main problems of conservation of the researched objects of cultural significance, and on perspectives of their museum commitment within the current framework of development of the historical center of Omsk. Keywords: Omsk, the first and second Omsk fortresses, archaeological sites, historical center, research, museum

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M., KORUSENKO, GERASIMOV Yu., ZDOR M., and ZAGORODNIKOVA D. "THE FIRST AND SECOND FORTRESSES OF OMSK: RESEARCH AND PRESERVATION POSSIBILITIES." Preservation and study of the cultural heritage of the Altai Territory 27 (2021): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/2411-1503.2021.27.57.

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The present article summarizes research related to demarcating the first and second Omsk fortresses. Fortifications of these landmarks have long been destroyed, the cultural layer only and partially complexes of buildings of the late 18th - first half of the 19th centuries have been preserved, but they are at risk in connection with active modern urban development. Active archaeological research during the last ten years has yielded an expanded informational database and new evidence illuminating the use of the territory in antiquity and providing insight on the cultural layer of the fortresses. The authors of the present paper have ascertained and precised on the city map the borders of both sites, using stratigraphic research, historical cartography, and archival record. The conclusion provides insight on the main problems of conservation of the researched objects of cultural significance, and on perspectives of their museum commitment within the current framework of development of the historical center of Omsk. Keywords: Omsk, the first and second Omsk fortresses, archaeological sites, historical center, research, museum

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30

Turilov, Anatolij. "K istorii pozdnevizantijskoj cerkovnoj ierarhii (po dannym slavjanskih istocnikov konca XIV - serediny XV vv.)." Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, no. 50-2 (2013): 779–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi1350779t.

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The article is devoted to filling gaps in the history of Byzantine ecclesiastical hierarchy mid - late XIV-XV centuries. It consists of two parts. In the first one the author succeeds in using little known or forgotten Slavic written sources set the name of the Ohrid Archbishop of late XIV - early XV centuries, set the name of the Ohrid Archbishop of late XIV - early XV centuries, and a suggestion about the name of another Chapter of this Department first half of the XV century. The second part is devoted to the unknown until now Metropolitan of Heraclea Thracian a short time took this Department in 1410?s and carrying out probably important diplomatic missions.

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Kuteinikov, Igor A. "Libraries of Simbirsk in the second half of XIX - early XX cc." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science], no. 1 (February 27, 2012): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2012-0-1-104-109.

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The article concerns establishing and development of libraries in Simbirsk in the 2nd half of the XIX and the beginning of the XX centuries. The examples of different approaches to their typology, features of the first public and national libraries and the role of local intellectual elite in regional cultural traditions forming are showed in the paper.

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Nordhaus, William D. "Two Centuries of Productivity Growth in Computing." Journal of Economic History 67, no. 1 (2007): 128–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050707000058.

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The present study analyzes computer performance over the last century and a half. Three results stand out. First, there has been a phenomenal increase in computer power over the twentieth century. Depending upon the standard used, computer performance has improved since manual computing by a factor between 1.7 trillion and 76 trillion. Second, there was a major break in the trend around World War II. Third, this study develops estimates of the growth in computer power relying on performance rather than components; the price declines using performance-based measures are markedly larger than those reported in the official statistics.

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Carrato, Charlotte, Verònica Martínez Ferreras, Jean-Marie Dautria, and Michèle Bois. "The biggest Opus doliare production in Narbonese Gaul revealed by archaeometry (first to second centuries A.D.)." ArchéoSciences, no. 43 (December 30, 2019): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeosciences.6257.

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Nechytaylo, Pavlo, and Olena Onohda. "Pottery Complex of the Second Half 13th – First Half 15th Centuries from Excavations in Kamianets-Podilskyi." Ukraina Lithuanica. Studìï z ìstorìï Velikogo knâzìvstva Litovsʹkogo 2021, no. 6 (2021): 136–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ul2021.06.136.

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The paper analyses ceramics and buildings remains of the second half 13th – first half 15th centuries, coming from excavations in Kamianets-Podilskyi. It aims to introduce materials into scientific circulation, to compare the collection with synchronous objects from adjacent territories, to trace interactions in the material culture development in late medieval towns. Ceramics of the Golden Horde and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania times began to be systematically researched relatively recently in Ukraine. Thus, the materials from Kamianets-Podilskyi contribute to deepening our knowledge of less-known periods in the history of Ukraine and Eastern Europe. Materials analyzed were obtained during rescue archaeological research on the Polish Market square in Kamianets. These were fragmented parts of underground and aboveground building structures, as well as a collection of various household items. Building materials were mostly local clays and loam, less often wood and stone were used. A set of clay ‘roll’ blocks set in one of the pits allows us to assume similarity with the Golden Horde building technologies. Finds of coins and Crimean polychrome bowls fragments also indicate the complex emerged during the Golden Horde period. However, certain groups of pottery and coins of European minting define the complex upper date within the first half 15th century. Diverse ceramic types range from the complex is an interesting local typological phenomenon. It reflects mutual influences of the pottery traditions development both in time and space. After processing artefacts collection, the main groups of pottery were identified according to technological features. Some of them are rooted in the local ancient Rus’ traditions, others were formed under the influence of Western trends, while samples of a ‘specific’ group were common for almost the entire territory of modern Ukraine during Late Middle Ages. Pots collection was preliminary systematized up to 5 most common types selection, based on rim profiles. Many of them have a wide range of analogies, locally from Kamianets, as well as from the Western Ukraine, in Poland, Moldova and Romania. In addition to pots, the collection includes other types of kitchen and tableware, such as makitras, lids, jars and other single samples of ceramics. The typological diversity correlates with the multi-layered processes which took place in Kamianets-Podilskyi life during the Golden Horde and the Lithuanian periods. Materials from the complex, as well as other finds from synchronous objects within the city, deepen our understanding of the city’s development large-scale picture, which, however, requires further research.

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LePort, Brian. "Kevin Douglas Hill, Christianity in the First and Second Centuries: Essential Readings (Patristic Essentials)." Review & Expositor 120, no. 4 (2023): 412–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00346373241257308e.

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36

SLANE, KATHLEEN WARNER. "CORINTHIAN CERAMIC IMPORTS: THE CHANGING PATTERN OF PROVINCIAL TRADE IN THE FIRST AND SECOND CENTURIES AD." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 36, Supplement_55 (1989): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-5370.1989.tb02073.x.

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37

Black, E. W. "Box Flue-Tiles in Britannia: the Spread of Roman Bathing in the First and Second Centuries." Archaeological Journal 153, no. 1 (1996): 60–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00665983.1996.11078729.

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38

Schwarzer, Mitchell. "The Architecture of Talmud." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 60, no. 4 (2001): 474–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991731.

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This article analyzes for the first time the architectural implications of the Talmud, a multivolume religious text composed between the second and sixth centuries of the first millennium. The Talmud has extensive commentaries on specifically Jewish structures such as the Sukkah, Eruv, and Mikveh, as well as on everyday buildings and public places used by Jews. Moreover, the Talmud substituted for monumental architecture during the many centuries when the Jewish people had no homeland and were subject to frequent persecutions and exiles. The architecture of Talmud, therefore, can be analyzed in two critical arenas: first, through its numerous and detailed rules and recommendations for the practice of building; and, second, amid its creation of a textual discourse whose form and character is based in large part on the memory of the destroyed Temple and lost homeland.

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Greenfield, Stanley B. "Record of the second conference of the International Society of Anglo-Saxonists, at Cambridge, 19—23 August 1985." Anglo-Saxon England 15 (December 1986): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675100003653.

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Verbrugghe, Gerald. "Eighteenth (duodevicesimus) or Twenty-Second (duoetvicesimus)? Twenty-Second but duovicesimus (Gel. 5.4.1-5 and Non. s.v. duodevicesimo p. 100M)." Mnemosyne 61, no. 3 (2008): 436–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852507x235218.

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AbstractManuscripts of two relatively late authors of classical Latin, Aulus Gellius and Nonius Marcellus, have garbled the word duovicesimus, a word that fell out of use after the first century BC. Modern scholars have had difficulty in restoring the true form of the word to the ancient manuscripts and then in assessing the effect of that restoration on the histories written by three authors of the second and first centuries BC, who are cited as having used that word: Fabius Pictor, Cato the Elder, and Varro. Once the valid form of the word is restored and its meaning realized, the following conclusions are possible. Fabius Pictor had his own peculiar chronology of the period between the Gallic sack of Rome and the first plebeian consul. Cato the Elder marked the beginning of the siege of Sarguntum as the sixth violation of a treaty by the Carthaginians. It is highly likely that Varro had Ancus Marcius die in the twenty-second year of his reign.

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Bardetskyi, A. B., and B. A. Pryshchepa. "THE PECULIARITIES OF VOLYN CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGES OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 13th — FIRST HALF OF THE 14th CENTURIES IN HNIDAVSKA HIRKA NEAR LUTSK." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 29, no. 4 (2018): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.04.03.

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In the territory of the Halych-Volyn principality, the relevance of the study of monuments dating from time after the Mongol-Tatar pogroms in the middle of the 13th century is determined by their insignificant number, regional features and insufficiently developed chronology of various categories of things. The study of pottery remains an important task, since it is the most numerous group of findings during the research of the medieval settlements. Interesting ceramic complexes of the second half of the 13th — the first half of the 14th centuries were found during the excavation of two dwellings in a settlement in Hnidavskaa Hirka near the village of Rovantsi in Lutsk district. The majority of the findings form by the fragments of pots; besides, there are also frying pans, bowls, pitchers, and large earthenware pots. Pots are divided into two groups. The first group belongs to the type that appeared at the end of the 11th century and spread throughout Southern Rus in the 12th — first half of the 13th century. New trends that developed after the Mongol-Tatar pogroms are revealed in the features of the rim profiling and new techniques of ornamentation of pots of the second group. The outer edge of the rim is divided by a horizontal groove, and there is an ornament under the rim — a horizontal line of pressings. By analogy with Lutsk, Volodymyr-Volynskyi, and Peresopnytsia, they can be dated to the second half of the 13th—14th centuries. According to the ratio of the number of pots of both groups in each of the dwellings and dating of other findings, their chronology is defined as the middle — second half of the 13th century (dwelling 9) and the end of the 13th — first half of the 14th centuries (dwelling 1).

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Kuśmirek, Anna. "The Phenomenon of Targumism in the Aramaic Version of the First and Second Books of Chronicles." Collectanea Theologica 91, no. 5 (2021): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/ct.2021.91.5.01.

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The main objective of the article is to show the features of the Aramaic translation of the First and the Second Books of Chronicles, which belongs to late Targums. The work presents the main data related to the authority, date and origin of the Targum and its manuscripts, as well as a review of major translation techniques and the method of rabbinic interpretation, which are all important elements of targumism. Linguistic changes, as well as cultural and religious ones, conditioned by various processes that occurred in the community of believers in YHWH over the centuries, were reflected in a variety of interpretative tendencies.

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Vlassopoulos, Kostas. "Towards a history of ancient Mediterranean slave systems." Esboços: histórias em contextos globais 31, no. 58 (2025): 413–21. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2024.e103936.

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Building on the excellent new framework of a Mediterranean slave system proposed by Joly and Knust, this short response aims to explore three main issues that can further elaborate future application of the framework. The first issue concerns the processes that entangled the epichoric slave systems during the first Mediterranean slavery. The second raises the question whether we need a transitional period during the last two centuries BCE as a link between the first and second Mediterranean slave systems. The third stresses the need to give economic processes and phenomena a more significant role during the second Mediterranean slavery.

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Djurdjev, Branislav. "Two centuries of Malthus." Stanovnistvo 36, no. 1-2 (1998): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv9802007d.

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The article is an endeavour to comparatively review classic and modern theories and/or theoretical concepts regarding relationship between population development and the overall sustainable development. On the second centennial anniversary of the first essay that initiated numerous discussions regarding this relationship, it cannot be said that the scientific elite is any nearer the consensus. Not only that the hypothesis of Malthus, Neo-Malthusians and Marxist thinkers are being built upon, but completely new ideas regarding this relationship are springing up. Disregarding the ideological differences but placing emphasis on the technological discrepancies prevailing to this day, the article also indicates that these apparently irreconcilable theories can permeate and complement each other. The Malthusian theory could be valid in a peasant society, but the socialists pointed to its flows in the industrial society. The Neo-Malthusians modernized the teachings of Malthus and in the "Limits to Growth" we find a more exact support to the fears of Neo-Malthusians. The theo1y of E. Boserup provides not only a consistent explanation of the relationship between population growth so far and sustainable development but also points to the essence of theoretical differences. On the short run, at a certain technological level (that is, manner of production) everybody is in the right: constant growth in population ultimately results in declining yields (excess population). On the long run, critical mass of population creates a new technological level which, in the beginning, requires higher population density (new "laws" of the population).

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Omelchenko, A. I. "MUSICAL EDUCATION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XVIII TH AND IN FIRST HALF OF XIX TH CENTURIES." Educational Dimension 18, no. 1 (2007): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/educdim.5946.

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The given article represents some aspects of the musical education in the second half of the XVIII th and in first half of XIX th centuries. The organizing of the musical education continued the stated traditions in sing the best achievements of national and world music culture. Different forms and methods of music-aesthetic upbringing of the youth were used with the aim of forming a personality and professional training of a teacher of Music.

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Reginia-Zacharski, Jacek. "Ukrainian Issues in Geopolitical Thought of the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries." International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 18, no. 2 (2016): 5–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipcj-2016-0008.

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Ukrainian lands in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have been in proximity of great geopolitical changes several times. During that time the Ukrainian nation – due to various factors – encountered a number of “windows of opportunity” for achieving the realization of dreams about independence and national sovereignty. The author identified in the period considered four “general moments,” of which two have been completed successfully. The first of these occurred in 1990–1991, when for the first time in modern history, Ukrainians managed to achieve a lasting and relatively stable independence. The second of the “moments” – still unresolved – are events that began in the late autumn of 2013. The process, called “Revolution of Dignity”, represents a new quality in the history of the Ukrainian nation, therefore, that the Ukrainians have to defend the status quo (independence, territorial integrity, sovereignty, etc.) but not to seek to achieve an independent being. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the ability of Ukrainians to achieve and maintain independence is largely a function of the relative power of the Russian state as measured with respect to the shape and quality of international relations.

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Kondratenko, I. Yu. "“Russian Vitruvius”: Translations, Commentaries, Publications of the 18th–21st Centuries. Part II. “Critical Editions” of De architectura." Art Studies Journal, no. 2 (June 2024): 266–95. https://doi.org/10.51678/2073-316x-2024-2-266-295.

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The second part of the article concerns the “critical editions” (the term coined out by Soviet scholars while preparing translation and commentaries to Vitruvius’s treatise in 1936) of De architectura, which appeared in the 19th and 20th centuries. Author’s purposes are: to comprehend and decipher new academic approaches in the study of the treatise that arose in the history of Vitruvianism in the second half of the 19th — first third of the 20th century; to identify the fundamental features of the “critical versions” of Vitruvius; to present a comparative analysis of the first “critically” revised Russian translation of Vitruvius with analogous Western publications of the second half of the 19th — first third of the 20th century.

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Skachko, M. V. "Political-philosophical Analysis of Power in Russian Political Thought of the Second Half of XIX - First Third of XX Centuries." RUDN Journal of Political Science, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2016-1-70-88.

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The paper does research of political-philosophical analysis of the problem of power in Russian public thought of the second half XIX - the first third XX centuries. The analysis of the problem of power in this period was realized in channel of three directions: conservatism, liberalism and radicalism. Conservatism considers monarchy as the most acceptable form of power for Russia, liberalism - parliamentary republic, radicalism - peoples’ dictatorship. The relation to democracy of the first and third direction was negative, but the second direction had positive relation to democracy.

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Loshenkov, M. I. "BRONZE ARROWHEADS IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES OF BELARUS." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 31, no. 2 (2019): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.02.25.

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The article is devoted to the review of 19 new bronze arrowheads (table). They were found mainly in the 20s of the XXI century in the territory of southern Belarus (fig. 1). More than half of them were found in the villages of the Milograd population, and the rest with locations. All tips were grouped into three types, as in the Milograd population: two-bladed arrowheads, three-bladed arrowheads and trihedral arrowheads (fig. 2). Two-bladed arrowheads are early — the second half of VII — first half of the VI centuries BC. Two-bladed arrowheads belong to the VI — IV centuries BC, and trihedral arrowheads — to IV — III centuries BC.

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Kazaryan, G. S. "Historical Testimonies of the Presence of Armenian Monks in Holy Mount Athos in 9^th–18^th Centuries." Russian Journal of Church History 2, no. 1 (2021): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/2686973x-2021-1-47.

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Holy Mount Athos — one of the biggest centers of Orthodox monasticism, from the first days of its formation appeared to be the place of asceticism for Armenian monks as well. Thus, one of the first ascetics of Athos was St. Joseph Myroblyte (9th cent.) — Armenian by nationality. Further influx of Armenian monks to the Holy Mount is observed in the 10th and 11th centuries. The last testimony of activity of Armenian Hagiorites refers the second half of 18th cent. This article for the first time attempts to bring together and analyze historical evidences, in order to give a more general and a more comprehensive picture of Armenian monks’ presence in Athos from 9th to 18th centuries.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Second and First Centuries'

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