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Journal articles on the topic 'Second metacarpal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Limb, D., and P. R. Loughenbury. "The prevalence of pseudoepiphyses in the metacarpals of the growing hand." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 37, no. 7 (February 22, 2012): 678–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193411436295.

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Normally the metacarpals have an epiphysis at one end — distally for the second to fifth and proximally for the first. Pseudoepiphyses are notches or clefts that occur at the non-epiphyseal ends of bones where an epiphyseal plate would be expected and are common incidental findings in the metacarpals of the growing hand. We aimed to identify the prevalence of pseudoepiphyses on serial radiographs of 610 healthy asymptomatic children. Pseudoepiphyses in the form of notches or clefts were common, identified most often in the second metacarpal (15.25%), fifth metacarpal (7.21%), and third metacarpal (0.49%). Complete pseudoepiphyses, in which the cleft extended across the full width of the metacarpal, were seen in the first metacarpal (1.97%) and the second metacarpal (1.31%). Pseudoepiphyses are a normal variant of metacarpal ossification and should not be confused with fractures in skeletally immature patients.

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2

Drapeau, Michelle S. M. "Metacarpal torsion in apes, humans, and earlyAustralopithecus:implications for manipulatory abilities." PeerJ 3 (October 6, 2015): e1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1311.

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Human hands, when compared to that of apes, have a series of adaptations to facilitate manipulation. Numerous studies have shown thatAustralopithecus afarensisandAu. africanusdisplay some of these adaptations, such as a longer thumb relative to the other fingers, asymmetric heads on the second and fifth metacarpals, and orientation of the second metacarpal joints with the trapezium and capitate away from the sagittal plane, while lacking others such as a very mobile fifth metacarpal, a styloid process on the third, and a flatter metacarpo-trapezium articulation, suggesting some adaptation to manipulation but more limited than in humans. This paper explores variation in metacarpal torsion, a trait said to enhance manipulation, in humans, apes, early australopithecines and specimens from Swartkrans. This study shows that humans are different from large apes in torsion of the third and fourth metacarpals. Humans are also characterized by wedge-shaped bases of the third and fourth metacarpals, making the metacarpal-base row very arched mediolaterally and placing the ulnar-most metacarpals in a position that facilitate opposition to the thumb in power or cradle grips. The third and fourth metacarpals ofAu. afarensisare very human-like, suggesting that the medial palm was already well adapted for these kinds of grips in that taxon.Au. africanuspresent a less clear human-like morphology, suggesting, perhaps, that the medial palm was less suited to human-like manipulation in that taxa than inAu. afarensis. Overall, this study supports previous studies onAu. afarensisandAu. africanusthat these taxa had derived hand morphology with some adaptation to human-like power and precision grips and support the hypothesis that dexterous hands largely predatedHomo.

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3

Verma, Saurabh, Kedar Phadke, Mukul Mohindra, Paritosh Gogna, and Jitesh Jain. "Wide Spectrum of Metacarpal Sign: Three Cases of Metacarpal Sign and Its Variants." International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences 03, no. 01 (June 2017): 053–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10053-0038.

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AbstractMetacarpal sign is a diagnostic radiological finding for cases of gonadal dysgenesis, also reported to be associated in a number of other endocrine abnormalities. Technically, it refers to relative difference in the lengths of medial three metacarpals, with the fourth and fifth metacarpals being shorter than the third metacarpal. We incidentally came across three cases that have been mentioned in this report. The first case primarily came to notice because of short fourth and fifth metatarsals. Further evaluation revealed that he also had short fourth and fifth metacarpals. The second case had isolated short fifth metacarpal and was idiopathic. The third patient, a known case of idiopathic hypoparathyroid hormone deficiency, had a short third, fourth, and fifth metacarpal, which is an unreported skeletal phenotype. The latter two cases had slight variation from the classical description of metacarpal sign, and may be a part of still hidden spectrum of metacarpal phenotypes.

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4

KHAN, K., M. RIAZ, and J. O. SMALL. "The Use of the Second Dorsal Metacarpal Artery for Vascularized Bone Graft." Journal of Hand Surgery 23, no. 3 (June 1998): 308–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(98)80047-8.

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We present the results of fresh cadaver hand dissections and dye injection studies to help in raising a vascularized bone graft from the index or middle metacarpals based on the second dorsal metacarpal artery. This vascularized bone graft could be used for treating nonunion of the scaphoid and other carpal bones.

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5

Kimura, Kunihiko. "Estimation of stature in children from second metacarpal measurements." Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie 79, no. 1 (June 10, 1992): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zma/79/1992/11.

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6

Patradul, Adisorn, Pravit Kitidumrongsook, Vinai Parkpian, and Chaithavat Ngarmukos. "ALLOGRAFT REPLACEMENT IN GIANT CELL TUMOUR OF THE HAND." Hand Surgery 06, no. 01 (July 2001): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810401000552.

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Allografts were used to replace excised bone segments affected by giant cell tumour of the hand in three patients. The tumour involved the second, third and fourth metacarpals and the capitate in one case; the first metacarpal and the trapezium in one, and the proximal phalanx of the index in one. All had histological confirmation of diagnosis. One patient had recurrence one year after marginal resection of his third metacarpal and required resection of the two adjacent metacarpals and the capitate. He had no recurrence two years after the secondary treatment. The other two had no recurrence at two and three years after their primary procedures. Their affected hands were functioning well.

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7

Ozer, Kagan. "Pollicization of the Second Metacarpal Based on Dorsal Metacarpal Arteries." Journal of Hand Surgery 41, no. 9 (September 2016): e317-e321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.06.005.

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8

Souabni, Leila. "Lytic lesion in the second metacarpal." Joint Bone Spine 77, no. 5 (October 2010): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.04.002.

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9

Chudasama, Jatin A., Mital M. Patel, Chintan J. Lakhani, Mayank D. Javia, Daksha Dixit, and T. C. Singel. "The study of sexing of second metacarpal bone from Saurashtra region." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 02, no. 03 (July 2013): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401713.

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Abstract Aim : The aim of the present study is to provide parameters of 2nd metacarpal bones for sex determination from Saurashtra populations. Material and method: Forty two pairs of 2nd metacarpal bones were measured and their dimensions were compared with the dimensions of Spanish and American white population. The mean, SD, t value and p value were calculated, and demarcating point method for sexual dimorphism was employed. Result : Mean interarticular length of 2nd metacarpal was higher in male as compared to female for both sides (right and left) and the difference was statistically highly significant. Mean anteroposterior width at base of 2nd metacarpal was higher in male as compared to female for both sides(right and left),but the difference was statistically insignificant for right side and statistically significant for left side. Conclusion: The present study showed that interarticular length and anteroposterior width at base of 2nd metacarpal are effective parameters for sex determination.

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10

Greeven, Alexander P. A., Jorg Van Groningen, Alexander Poublon, Esther M. M. Van Lieshout, Gert-Jan Kleinrensink, and Michiel H. J. Verhofstad. "Safe approach for fixation of first metacarpal fractures: an anatomical study." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 45, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193419859364.

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This anatomical study defines a safe zone for percutaneous or minimally invasive fixation of first metacarpal fractures in order to avoid injury of the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the dorsal branch of the radial artery. The courses of the nerve and artery branches were marked in 20 embalmed cadaver specimens. With computer-assisted surgical anatomy mapping, a large diversity in the anatomical patterns for the nerve and a consistent pattern for the artery were found. Based on these findings, we conclude that transfixation of the first and the second metacarpals with K-wires placed in the distal 75% of both the first and second metacarpals is the safest way to avoid damages to the nerve and artery branches during fracture fixation.

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11

LOW, C. K., H. C. WONG, Y. P. LOW, and H. P. WONG. "A Cadaver Study of the Effects of Dorsal Angulation and Shortening of the Metacarpal Shaft on the Extension and Flexion Force Ratios of the Index and Little Fingers." Journal of Hand Surgery 20, no. 5 (October 1995): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(05)80120-2.

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Two experiments were performed on the second and fifth metacarpals of five normal cadaver hands. The forces obtained on full extension and flexion of the digits were measured. An oblique osteotomy was performed on the shaft of the metacarpal and fixed with dorsal angulation. The forces obtained on extension and flexion of the digits were measured. The relationships between the changes in force and the angle were analyzed. Flexion force decreased and extension force increased as the dorsal angulation increased, and these were significant beyond 30° of dorsal angulation. The differences between index and little fingers were not significant. In the second experiment, the metacarpal bone was shortened at the osteotomy site, and the same measurements made. Flexion and extension forces both decreased, and were significant beyond 3 mm of shortening. The differences between index and little fingers were not significant.

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12

Hein, Christopher, Barry Watkins, and Lee M. Zuckerman. "Thumb Reconstruction with Arthrodesis to the Second Metacarpal following Sarcoma Excision." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8061036.

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Primary sarcomas of the thumb metacarpal are rare malignant lesions. Surgical treatment involves amputation versus tumor resection with thumb reconstruction. If complete tumor resection is possible, thumb preservation may be considered, as the thumb is vital to hand function. Following tumor resection, previous reports have described graft reconstruction with fusion to the trapezium or scaphoid. We present two cases of sarcoma necessitating resection of the thumb metacarpal that were reconstructed with an arthrodesis of the proximal phalanx to the second metacarpal shaft. Arthrodesis to the second metacarpal allows robust bony contact for fusion as well as improved resting position of the thumb. At 2- and 4-year follow-up, both patients have a stable, pain-free thumb without evidence of local recurrence.

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13

Blagojevic, Milos, Zora Nikolic, Zoran Zoric, Bogomir Prokic, and Dejana Cupic-Miladinovic. "Comparative characteristics of metacarpal bones (Ossa metacarpi) and finger articles (Ossa digitorum pedis seu phalanges digitorum) of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and sheep (Ovis aries) in order to determine animal species." Veterinarski glasnik 70, no. 5-6 (2016): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1606215b.

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The method of determining which animal species the bones, on the basis of mor?phological characteristics, belong to, is one of the most commonly used in forensic cases (poaching, fraud, theft, counterfeiting of food of animal origin).For identification of metacarpal bones (Ossa metacarpi) as well as finger articles (Ossa digitorum pedis seu phalanges digitorum) there were used distal parts of front limb bones, taken from 6 roe deers and 7 sheep. Afer the separation from the soft tissues, the bones were boiled in an autoclave, and for bleaching and degreasing they were kept in 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The bones were air dried, and then photographed. In roe deer, there are four developed metacarpal bones: the second, the third, the fourth and the fifth. The third and the fourth mrtacarpal bones form one bone, named the main metacarpal bone. The second and the fifth metacarpal bones are connected by con?nective tissue to distal parts of the third and the fourth metacarpal bones. In sheep, there are three developed metacarpal bones: the third, the fourth and the fifth. The thord and the fourth metacarpal bones are, as in roe deer, grown together along the entire length, forming in that way one single bone - the main metacarpal bone. On the distal part of front limb in roe deer there are four fingers, and in sheep two. In roe deer the second, the third, the fourth and the fifth finger are developed, and in sheep, the third and the fourth. Each finger of front limbs, both in roe deer and in sheep, consists of three articles: Phalanx proximalis, Phalanx media i Phalanx distalis. In the case of certain bone missing, a roe deer can be distinguished from a sheep on the basis of the tird article of the third and fourth finger, which is of characteristic appearance. Plantar edge in roe deer is peaked, and in sheep it is blunt. The method of determining which animal species the bones, on the basis of mor?phological characteristics of roe deer and sheep, belong to, is one of the most reliable and most commonly used in forensic cases.

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14

Bushnell, Brandon D., Reid W. Draeger, Colin G. Crosby, and Donald K. Bynum. "Management of Intra-Articular Metacarpal Base Fractures of the Second Through Fifth Metacarpals." Journal of Hand Surgery 33, no. 4 (April 2008): 573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2007.11.019.

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15

Dauphin, N., and V. Casoli. "The dorsal metacarpal arteries: anatomical study. Feasibility of pedicled metacarpal bone flaps." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 36, no. 9 (June 27, 2011): 787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193411412872.

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The vascular anatomy of the dorsal aspect of the hand is variable. Nevertheless the presence of the first and the second dorsal metacarpal artery (DMA) is constant. DMA3 and 4 are more variable. The anatomical study presented demonstrates the segmental vascularization of the metacarpal bones and the possibility of harvesting metacarpal bone flaps. The reliability of such a flap decreases from the second to the fifth metacarpal bone regarding the frequency of presence of the DMAs. The authors describe six new vascularized bone flaps from the third and the fourth metacarpal bones pedicled on the second or the third dorsal metacarpal artery in an anterograde or retrograde flow mode. This study suggests that the radial and the ulnar side of the third metacarpal bone could be harvested respectively on the DMA2 and DMA3. The radial side of the fourth metacarpal bone could also be a reliable vascularized bone donor site. Flaps can be used proximally or distally based to repair bone defects either on metacarpal and carpal bones or on proximal phalanges.

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16

Cakmak, S., L. Umur, K. Keklikci, and O. Rodop. "Monostotic Paget's disease of the second metacarpal." Case Reports 2015, jan05 1 (January 5, 2015): bcr2014206877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2014-206877.

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17

B., Mutale C., Patil P. S., Patel J. B., and John C. Kelleher. "Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the second metacarpal." Plastic and Reconstructive surgery 83, no. 5 (May 1989): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198905000-00075.

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18

MUTALE, C., P. PATIL, and J. PATEL. "Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the second metacarpal." Journal of Hand Surgery: Journal of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand 11, no. 1 (February 1986): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(86)90042-2.

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19

MERLINO, G., M. BORSETTI, and M. BOLTRI. "Reverse Radial Artery Bone Flap Reconstruction of Segmental Metacarpal Losses." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 32, no. 1 (February 2007): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2006.08.015.

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A vascularised bone segment of the distal radius was harvested as a distally based flap to treat segmental metacarpal bone loss in three patients. One reconstruction followed resection of a giant cell tumour excision and the other two were to replace traumatic bone loss. The bone defects were in the second metacarpal in two cases and in the second and third metacarpal in one case and included three shaft and one distal metacarpal reconstruction. The mean length of the metacarpal defects was 6 cm. All of the flaps survived and no complications occurred at the donor site. Clinical and radiological union was established in all cases after an average of 3 months.

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20

Fritz, Niklas M., Ingo Ludolph, Andreas Arkudas, Raymund E. Horch, and Aijia Cai. "The influence of K-wire transfixation on proximalization of the first metacarpal after resection suspension interposition arthroplasty." Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 141, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00402-021-03780-9.

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Abstract Introduction Osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint is a common degenerative disease and surgical treatment includes resection suspension interposition arthroplasty (RSIA) with or without temporary transfixation of the first metacarpal. One major drawback includes proximalization of the first metacarpal during the postoperative course. Specific data comparing different transfixation techniques in this context is sparse. Materials and methods In this retrospective study, we measured the trapezial space ratio (TSR) in 53 hands before and after RSIA to determine the proximalization of the first metacarpal depending on the type of Kirschner (K)-wire transfixation. We, therefore, compared transfixation of the first metacarpal to the scaphoid with one K-wire (1K) to transfixation of the first metacarpal with two K-wires (2K), either to the carpus (2Ka), or to the second metacarpal (2Kb), or to both second metacarpal and carpus (2Kc). Results While preoperative TSR did not differ between group 1K and 2K (p = 0.507), postoperative TSR was significantly higher in group 2K compared to 1K (p = 0.003). Comparing subgroups, postoperative TSR was significantly higher in group 2Kc than 1K (p = 0.046), while we found no significant difference comparing either group 2Ka or 2Kb to 1K (p = 0.098; p = 0.159). Neither did we find a significant difference within 2K subgroups, comparing group 2Ka and 2Kb (p = 0.834), 2Ka and 2Kc (p = 0.615), or 2Kb and 2Kc (p = 0.555). Conclusions The results of our study suggest that transfixation with two K-wires should be preferred to transfixation with one K-wire after RSIA. Specifically, transfixation from first to second metacarpal and from first metacarpal to carpus resulted in least proximalization of the first metacarpal postoperatively.

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21

Mito, Kazuaki, Toshiyasu Nakamura, Kazuki Sato, Yoshiaki Toyama, and Hiroyasu Ikegami. "DORSAL DISLOCATIONS OF THE SECOND TO FIFTH CARPOMETACARPAL JOINTS: A CASE REPORT." Hand Surgery 13, no. 02 (January 2008): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021881040800389x.

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Dislocations involving the four ulnar carpometacarpal joints are rare. These complex dislocations are considered to be due to the application of a hyperflexion force on the metacarpal heads. In the present case, an indirect hyperextension force on the metacarpal bones created a lever-arm effect resulting in rupture of the firm ligament complex of the carpometacarpal joints, inducing complete dislocations of the second to fifth carpometacarpal joints.

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22

DONA, E., R. M. GILLIES, M. P. GIANOUTSOS, and W. R. WALSH. "Plating of Metacarpal Fractures: Unicortical or Bicortical Screws?" Journal of Hand Surgery 29, no. 3 (June 2004): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2003.12.002.

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Mid-shaft transverse osteotomies were performed in 18 cadaveric metacarpals and randomly divided into two groups. Using dorsally applied plates for repair, one group was secured using 6 mm unicortical screws, while bicortical screws were used in the second group. The metacarpals were tested to failure with a four-point bending protocol using a servo-hydraulic testing machine and a 1 kN load cell. The mean load to failure was 596 N (SD=142) for the unicortical and 541 N (SD=171) for the bicortical group. The stiffness was 333 N/mm (SD=116) for the unicortical and 458 N/mm (SD=158) for the bicortical group. Both load to failure and stiffness were not statistically significant between the two groups. Failure occurred by fracture at the screw-bone interface in all specimens: no screw pull-out was observed. No biomechanical advantage was found when using bicortical screws in metacarpal fracture plating.

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23

FRANSSEN, B. B. G. M., A. H. SCHUURMAN, A. B. MINK VAN DER MOLEN, and M. KON. "Hammering Versus Drilling of Sharp and Obtuse Trocar-Point K-Wires." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 34, no. 2 (March 12, 2009): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193408097860.

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Kirschner wire characteristics affect the heating of bone during insertion and the subsequent strength of fixation. We inserted 90 sharp and 90 obtuse trocar-tip K-wires into 90 fresh frozen human cadaver metacarpals using either a drill or a pneumatic hammer. The temperature elevation, insertion time and extraction force were measured for four K-wire insertion combinations: drilling sharp; drilling obtuse; hammering sharp; hammering obtuse. Hammering resulted in significantly lower temperature elevations than drilling. Hammering sharp K-wires resulted in the highest extraction forces. The first and fifth metacarpals showed significantly lower temperature elevations than the other metacarpals, while the insertion time was significantly higher in the second and third metacarpal than in the other metacarpals. Hammering sharp trocar-tip K-wires minimises thermal damage to bone and gives the strongest fixation.

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24

Azad, Ali, Jessica M. Intravia, J. Ryan Hill, Hyuma Leland, Venus Vakhshori, Milan Stevanovic, and Alidad Ghiassi. "Carpal Translocation Following Dorsal Bridge Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures: A Cadaveric Study." Journal of Wrist Surgery 08, no. 03 (March 18, 2019): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1683434.

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Background Dorsal bridge plate fixation is an effective technique for stabilization of highly comminuted, complex distal radius fractures. However, it is unknown whether fixation to the second or third metacarpal is optimal. Given dorsal bridge plating spans the radiocarpal joint, it is unclear if the dorsal spanning plate affects carpal position. This study investigates differences in carpal translocation resulting from bridge plate distal fixation to either the second or third metacarpal. Methods Ten paired cadaveric upper extremities without evidence of gross deformity or prior surgery distal to the elbow were evaluated with three-view wrist fluoroscopic images for baseline radiographic measurements. An unstable distal radius fracture model was created via a volar approach using a 1-cm osteotomy. Following fracture creation, a dorsal bridge plate was applied with random to the second metacarpal on one limb, and the third metacarpal on the contralateral limb. Laterality for distal fixation was chosen randomly. Fluoroscopic images were repeated and radial inclination, radial height, radiocarpal angle, volar tilt, ulnar variance, radiolunate angle, radioscaphoid angle, radial rotation index, and carpal translocation were measured. Results Radial inclination, radial height, radiocarpal angle, volar tilt, ulnar variance, radiolunate angle, and radioscaphoid angle were not statistically different before and after fixation, or when comparing the second or third metacarpal fixation. Additionally, there was no difference in Taleisnik's ulnar translocation index, Chamay's ulnar translation index, or McMurtry's carpal translation index based on which metacarpal was used for distal fixation. Conclusions Dorsal bridge plate fixation of distal radius fractures restores preoperative physiologic measures of the radius, ulna, and carpus. Carpal translocation was similar when comparing distal fixation to the second or third metacarpal in distal radius fractures stabilized with a bridge plate. Level of Evidence This is a Level V, therapeutic study.

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Small, J. O., and M. D. Brennen. "The second dorsal metacarpal artery neurovascular island flap." British Journal of Plastic Surgery 43, no. 1 (January 1990): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-1226(90)90040-7.

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26

KIMURA, Kunihiko. "Aging of Bone Density in the Second Metacarpal." Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica 68, no. 4 (1991): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2535/ofaj1936.68.4_251.

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27

Fryburg, Julie S., and Thaddeus E. Kelly. "Chondrodysplasia punctata, humero-metacarpal type: A second case." American Journal of Medical Genetics 64, no. 3 (August 23, 1996): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19960823)64:3<493::aid-ajmg9>3.0.co;2-q.

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28

Lazenby, Richard A. "Population variation in second metacarpal sexual size dimorphism." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 118, no. 4 (July 11, 2002): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10110.

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29

Afshar, Ahmadreza, and Farhad Afaghi. "Intraosseous Schwannoma of the Second Metacarpal: Case Report." Journal of Hand Surgery 35, no. 5 (May 2010): 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.02.006.

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30

EARLEY, M. "The second dorsal metacarpal artery neurovascular island flap." Journal of Hand Surgery: Journal of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand 14, no. 4 (November 1989): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(89)90162-9.

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31

Ranasinghe, Jagath C., and Wasana Thambavita. "Left Second Metacarpal Pseudoepiphysis in Silver–Russell Syndrome." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 88, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 1040–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-021-03771-z.

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32

Tóth, Péter, Csaba Horváth, Viktória Ferencz, Krisztina Nagy, Noémi Gligor, Ottó Szenci, and Gábor Bodó. "Assessment of the mineral density and mineral content of the equine third metacarpal and first phalanx bone by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 58, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.58.2010.3.5.

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In the first part of this methodological study eleven metacarpi of 9 skeletally normal horses were examined from 4 directions by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The differences between the dorsopalmar-palmarodorsal and lateromedial-mediolateral (opposite sites) bone mineral density (BMD) values were found to be nonsignificant. In the second part of the study the precision of the Norland XR-26 densitometer was tested by measuring 34 metacarpal bones and 34 proximal phalanges, each of them three times, from a single direction. The difference between the individual measurements of the first phalanges and of the metacarpal bones originating from the right or the left side of the same horse were not significant, nor did the age or breed have a significant effect on BMD or bone mineral content (BMC). However, both BMD and BMC are greater in the metacarpal bones than in the proximal phalanges and are higher in geldings than in mares or to stallions, while the BMD or BMC values of mares and stallions did not differ from each other significantly. These data point to the necessity of further BMD studies in a higher number of patients.

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GRANDHI, R. R., A. B. THORNTON-TRUMP, and C. E. DOIGE. "INFLUENCE OF DIETARY CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS LEVELS ON CERTAIN MECHANICAL, PHYSICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BONES IN GILTS AND SECOND LITTER SOWS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-051.

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A 24 factorial design of treatments involving two breeds (Lacombe (L) and Yorkshire (Y)) and two dietary calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) levels (100% or 150% of 1979 National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council recommended Ca-P levels) during finishing, gestation and lactation periods, was used to study the changes in certain mechanical, physical, chemical and histological characteristics of bones in gilts and second litter sows. Femur, 3rd metacarpal and 6th rib bones were collected from the right half of the 32 (16L + 16Y) gilts slaughtered at 159 ± 1 d of age and 46 (22L + 24Y) second litter sows slaughtered at the end of second gestation-lactation cycle. The mechanical properties, breaking force, bending moment, breaking stress and elastic modulus of femur and 3rd metacarpal bones, determined by flexture tests using an Instron Universal Testing Machine, were not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by the dietary Ca-P levels in gilts or sows. Feeding 150% of NRC Ca-P levels during the finishing period increased (P < 0.05) the bone shaft diameter (23.2 ± 0.2 vs.22.3 ± 0.2 mm) in femurs and percent bone ash (60.5 ± 0.4 vs. 59.0 ± 0.4) and percent bone Ca (19.0 ± 0.5 vs. 17.0 ± 0.5) in 3rd metacarpals of gilts. The femurs and 3rd metacarpals of L gilts and sows had generally larger shaft diameters but lower bone strength, elastic modulus and bone cortex thickness than in Y pigs. The histological examination revealed no abnormalities in trabecular and cartilage structures of 6th ribs between sows fed different Ca-P levels. The results suggested that feeding 150% of NAS-NRC Ca-P levels during finishing, gestation and lactation periods produced some positive changes in bone characteristics of gilts and second litter sows with no identifiable changes in their ability to function. Certain bone characteristics were different between the two breeds and their response to dietary Ca-P levels varied between femur and 3rd metacarpals of gilts and sows. Key words: Calcium, phosphorus, bone characteristics, gilts, sows

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34

Whitehead, Paul F. "Anatomy of the forelimb in theropithecus oswaldi." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008716.

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A sample of over 170 hand, wrist, forearm and upper arm bones, from Olorgesailie DE/89 Horizon B and from Olduvai Gorge, was examined in this study. Elements include a trapezoid and centrale, capitates, hamates, scaphoids, lunates, pisiforms, triquetra and second, third, fourth and fifth metacarpals, ulnae, radii, humerii and scapulae.The fossils are different in several functionally significant ways from modern papionids. The angulation between the dorsal and palmar halves of the scaphoid is less acute. The helicoidal facet of the hamate, for articulation with the triquetrum, is radio-ulnarly shorter than in modern cercopithcoids; this would limit ulnar deviation. The hamulus is disto-proximally shorter, relative to the hamate body, than in digitigrade cercopithecoids, knuckle-walkers or fist-walkers. The distal hamate surface has the division into distinct, separate fourth and fifth metacarpal facets that is present in palmigrade cercopithecoids. Intermetacarpal facets are generally bissected by deep grooves, indicating strong intermetacarpal ligaments. The facet on the capitate for articulation with the second metacarpal, and the corresponding facet on the metacarpal, indicate that there was a functional division between the second and third metacarpals. The two extremes of retroflexion of the medial epicondyle of the humerus are present in the sample of humerii; some specimens closely resemble the angulation found in arboreal Colobus guereze and Cercopithecus albogularis, while others are similar to terrestrial Papio and Erythrocebus. The extremes of bifurcation and angulation of the radial notch are present in the sample of ulnae. Some specimens have the arboreal condition of a single, basically lateral-facing facet; others have the terrestrial split radial notch. The terrestrial condition is found where movement is confined to the parasaggital plane, with the arm in full pronation. The more lateral orientation of the radial notch appears to indicate more capacity for pronation/supination. The retroflexed olecranon is indicative of terrestriality; all of the examined ulnae have the short, grooved, angled olecranon typical of terrestrial monkeys. The associated specimens from MCK II illustrate that the features can appear as a mosaic: “terrestrial” olecranon, retroflexed medial epicondyle but “arboreal” radial notch. The brachialis mark is more anteriorly-oriented than in modern cercopithecoids.

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35

Ishida, Kazunari, Hiroyuki Fujioka, and Ryoichi Doi. "ACUTE RUPTURE OF EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS TENDON DUE TO AVULSED FRACTURE OF THE SECOND METACARPAL BASE: A CASE REPORT." Hand Surgery 11, no. 01n02 (January 2006): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810406003097.

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Acute tendon rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) is rare. We present acute EPL tendon rupture associated with avulsed fracture of the second metacarpal at the insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus. Tendon rupture of the EPL was repaired with end-to-end suture and avulsed fracture of the second metacarpal base was treated with open reduction and internal fixation.

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ZHANG, Xuan-ping, Xiao-fei LI, Liang QIN, Bo-hao HU, Chun-sheng JIA, and Hai-jiao XING. "Clinical application of the second metacarpal bone lateral needling." World Journal of Acupuncture - Moxibustion 28, no. 3 (September 2018): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wjam.2018.09.007.

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37

Lazenby, Richard A. "Second metacarpal cross-sectional geometry: Rehabilitating a circular argument." American Journal of Human Biology 10, no. 6 (1998): 747–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6300(1998)10:6<747::aid-ajhb6>3.0.co;2-a.

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38

Lazenby, Richard A. "Second metacarpal midshaft geometry in an historic cemetery sample." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 106, no. 2 (June 1998): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199806)106:2<157::aid-ajpa4>3.0.co;2-n.

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39

Fox, Kathleen M., Jordan D. Tobin, and Chris C. Plato. "Longitudinal study of bone loss in the second metacarpal." Calcified Tissue International 39, no. 4 (July 1986): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02555207.

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40

Fox, Kathleen M., Sumiko Kimura, Kia Powell-Threets, and Chris C. Plato. "Radial and ulnar cortical thickness of the second metacarpal." Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2009): 1930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650101212.

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41

Dhammi, Ish Kumar, Anil Kumar Jain, and Anil Arora. "Isolated Dislocation of the Second Metacarpal at Both Ends." Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 15, no. 2 (February 2001): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005131-200102000-00014.

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42

Lowyck, Hans, and Luc De Smet. "Osteochondritis of the second metacarpal head: a case report." European Journal of Plastic Surgery 31, no. 2 (December 20, 2007): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00238-007-0204-0.

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43

Tecle, Nahom, Jack Teitel, Michael R. Morris, Numair Sani, David Mitten, and Warren C. Hammert. "Convolutional Neural Network for Second Metacarpal Radiographic Osteoporosis Screening." Journal of Hand Surgery 45, no. 3 (March 2020): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2019.11.019.

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44

Lazenby, Richard. "Non-circular geometry and radiogrammetry of the second metacarpal." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 97, no. 3 (July 1995): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330970306.

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45

Nanno, Mitsuhiko, Norie Kodera, Yuji Tomori, Yusuke Hagiwara, and Shinro Takai. "Color Doppler ultrasound assessment for identifying perforator arteries of the second dorsal metacarpal flap." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 230949901668474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499016684744.

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Purpose: The second dorsal metacarpal (SDMC) perforator flap has been widely used for the soft tissue reconstruction of the hand. However, it is difficult to identify the depth and branches of the perforators of the second dorsal metacarpal artery (SDMA) using only handheld acoustic Doppler flowmetry (HADF), which is the most common method. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of examination by color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) with those of HADF and to evaluate the efficacy of CDU for detection of the perforators to be used in the design of the SDMC flap. Methods: Twenty-two healthy volunteers (42 hands) were examined using both CDU and HADF. All locations identified as the perforators of the SDMA by the two examinations were mapped respectively. Results: The total perforator arteries detected with CDU in all hands were 111 branches, 49 branches of which could not be identified with HADF. The average number of perforators of the SDMA per hand found with CDU was 2.8 branches, while that for HADF was only 1.8 branches. The detection rates of the cutaneous perforators of the SDMA by CDU were 100% in the proximal one-third of the second metacarpal and 95% in the distal one-fourth of the second metacarpal. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the superiority of CDU compared with HADF for detection of the perforators of the SDMA. The CDU examination could easily identify the locations of the cutaneous perforators and help in the useful assessment of vascularity for the SDMC flap.

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46

Nishikawa, Karen, Yuka Kimura, Daisuke Chiba, Norihiro Sasaki, Shizuka Sasaki, Shinji Nishikawa, and Yasuyuki Ishibashi. "Metacarpal Stress Fracture Is Not an Uncommon Condition in Adolescent Racket Athletes." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2020 (February 8, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5840925.

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Background. Stress fractures of the metacarpal bones are considered uncommon. We report on 11 adolescent athletes with these stress fractures, successfully treated with cessation of sports activities. Representative case presentation. In case 1, a 15-year-old male tennis player presented with right hand pain of 4-week duration without an acute trauma history. Tenderness existed on palpation along the dorsal and proximal second metacarpal bone. Plain radiographs demonstrated a periosteal reaction on the proximal shaft of the second metacarpal. Racket swinging was suspended. He returned to competitive tennis 2 months after the initial visit and continues to participate without symptoms. In case 2, a 16-year-old male boxer presented with right hand pain of 2-week duration that arose while punching. Acute trauma history was absent. Tenderness existed on palpation over the third metacarpal of the right hand. Plain radiographs demonstrated no periosteal reaction or fracture line. MRI showed a high signal on the third metatarsal bone on fat suppression and a low signal on T2-weighted images. Nonoperative treatment was initiated without external fixation, and punching was suspended. He returned to boxing 1 month after the initial visit without symptoms. Conclusions. The current case series of metacarpal stress fractures demonstrate that this condition is not as rare as previously reported. Metacarpal stress fractures are generally ignored since the clinical and radiological findings are mostly unclear. If an athlete experiences hand pain without acute onset during sports activities, especially in racket sports, the presence of a metacarpal stress fracture should be assessed by MRI.

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47

McMAHON, P. J., D. A. WOODS, and P. D. BURGE. "Initial Treatment of Closed Metacarpal Fractures." Journal of Hand Surgery 19, no. 5 (October 1994): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(94)90123-6.

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A prospective clinical trial compared two forms of initial management for closed stable fractures of the shaft of the finger metacarpals. Patients were randomized to treatment with a compression glove and early mobilization (21 patients) or to immobilization in a plaster splint (21 patients). The mean loss of total active flexion (MP+PIP+DIP) in the second week after injury was 56° in the glove group and 84° in the splint group ( P=0.0036). In the third week, the mean loss of flexion was 23° and 46° respectively ( P=0.0010). Hand volume and PIP joint circumference were significantly smaller in the glove group in the second week but not in the third and fourth weeks. Within each group, however, there was no correlation between range of motion and swelling, suggesting that these were independent variables in this study. The support of the glove helped to relieve pain. Use of a compression glove avoided the loss of function imposed by splintage and was associated with a greater range of movement during the second and third weeks.

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Jones, Neil F., David Graham, and Katherine Au. "Bilateral Metacarpal Hands: Reconstruction With 6 Toe Transfers." HAND 15, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944718810844.

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Background: Bilateral metacarpal hand injuries are extremely rare, but probably represent the most difficult reconstructive challenge in hand surgery. Methods: We discuss the various options for metacarpal hand reconstruction, including the Krukenberg procedure, bionic prostheses, multiple toe-to-hand transfers, and possibly hand transplantation, and present the long-term functional outcomes, gait analysis, and psychological evaluation after a 4-stage reconstruction of bilateral metacarpal hands in a child using 6 toe-to-hand transfers—bilateral great toe transfers to reconstruct both thumbs and bilateral combined second-third monobloc transfers to reconstruct 2 fingers in each hand. Results: Reconstruction of bilateral metacarpal hands with 6 toe transfers yielded excellent functional results and patient satisfaction. Conclusions: Bilateral metacarpal hand injuries result in a devastating functional deficit and a major psychological impact. Multiple toe transfers (4, 5, or 6) provide an excellent reconstructive outcome with acceptable donor site morbidity.

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Hao, Jing, Liu Xing-yan, Ge Bao-feng, Liu Kou-you, and Shi Ji. "The Second Dorsal Metacarpal Flap with Vascular Pedicle Composed of the Second Dorsal Metacarpal Artery and the Dorsal Carpal Branch of Radial Artery." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 92, no. 3 (September 1993): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199309000-00019.

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50

Harris, Jerald D., Matthew C. Lamanna, Hai-lu You, Shu-an Ji, and Qiang Ji. "A second enantiornithean (Aves: Ornithothoraces) wing from the Early Cretaceous Xiagou Formation near Changma, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e06-007.

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A new specimen of an enantiornithean bird from the Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation of Gansu Province, northwestern China, consists of an articulated distal left humerus, ulna, radius, carpus, and manus. The specimen may represent a primitive enantiornithean because it lacks a longitudinal sulcus on the radius, has incompletely fused alular and major metacarpals, and possibly retains a remnant of a second phalanx on the minor digit. It differs from all other known enantiornitheans, and exhibits possible autapomorphies, including peculiar, flat humeral epicondyles, a pair of eminences on the distal minor metacarpal, and an enormous flexor tuberculum on the alular ungual. The specimen probably pertains to the same taxon as a previously described enantiornithean arm from Changma; the incompleteness of the taxon precludes erecting a new name, but it provides new information concerning enantiornithean diversity in the Early Cretaceous of central Asia.

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