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Journal articles on the topic 'Second mover'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Gal-Or, Esther. "First Mover and Second Mover Advantages." International Economic Review 26, no. 3 (1985): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2526710.

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2

Kopel, Michael, and Clemens Löffler. "Commitment, first-mover-, and second-mover advantage." Journal of Economics 94, no. 2 (2008): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00712-008-0004-4.

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3

Smirnov, Vladimir, and Andrew Wait. "Preemption with a second-mover advantage." Games and Economic Behavior 129 (September 2021): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2021.06.003.

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4

Tran, Vinh Du, David S. Sibley, and Simon Wilkie. "Second Mover Advantage and Entry Timing." Journal of Industrial Economics 60, no. 3 (2012): 517–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6451.2012.00490.x.

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5

Earley, Christine E., Vicky B. Hoffman, and Jennifer R. Joe. "Reducing Management’s Influence on Auditors’ Judgments: An Experimental Investigation of SOX 404 Assessments." Accounting Review 83, no. 6 (2008): 1461–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2008.83.6.1461.

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ABSTRACT: Auditors often receive summary information or conclusions from management about account balances or internal controls. They must then gather evidence to assess whether this information is fairly stated. In such situations, management can be considered the “first mover” and the auditor the “second mover.” When auditors are the second mover, they are vulnerable to the curse of knowledge bias—the inability to ignore previously processed information (Fischhoff 1977). Specifically, because information from management could be incorrect or biased, auditors must arrive at an independent eva

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6

Im Sun Young and Kangsik Choi. "Vertical Structure, Strategic Trade Policy, Exporting Firm’s First-mover and Second-mover Advantages." Journal of International Trade & Commerce 10, no. 6 (2014): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.10.6.201412.239.

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7

Hoppe, Heidrun C., and Ulrich Lehmann-Grube. "Second-Mover Advantages in Dynamic Quality Competition." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 10, no. 3 (2001): 419–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105864001316908008.

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8

Hoppe, Heidrun C., and Ulrich Lehmann-Grube. "Second-Mover Advantages in Dynamic Quality Competition." Journal of Economics Management Strategy 10, no. 3 (2001): 419–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.2001.00419.x.

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9

Ridinger, Garret. "Intentions versus Outcomes: Cooperation and Fairness in a Sequential Prisoner’s Dilemma with Nature." Games 12, no. 3 (2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g12030058.

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This paper investigates the importance of concerns about intentions and outcomes in a sequential prisoner’s dilemma game with nature. In the game, there is a chance that the first mover’s choice is reversed. This allows the separation of intended actions from the resulting outcomes. Equilibrium predictions from theoretical models of fairness are tested experimentally by varying the chance the first mover’s choice is reversed and whether the second mover observes the first mover’s choice. The results show that second mover cooperation is higher when the first mover has little control over their

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10

Feng, Haiyang, Zhengrui Jiang, Minqiang Li, and Nan Feng. "First- or Second-Mover Advantage? The Case of IT-Enabled Platform Markets." MIS Quarterly 44, no. 3 (2020): 1107–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25300/misq/2020/15273.

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Information technology-enabled platforms are playing an increasingly important role in the global economy. While some successful platforms entered their respective markets as pioneers, others were able to achieve market dominance despite starting as followers. This study investigates the conditions under which first-mover advantage (FMA) or second-mover advantage (SMA) occurs in a platform market, and derives their equilibrium order of market entries and optimal market entry timing. The first three determinants of FMA and SMA we identify are (1) quality improvement rate of the second mover, (2

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11

Choi, Kangsik, DongJoon Lee, and Seonyoung Lim. "Strategic trade policies with first-mover and second-mover advantages in a vertical structure." Journal of International Trade & Economic Development 26, no. 5 (2016): 612–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2016.1262892.

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12

Dluhosch, Barbara. "The Second-Mover Advantage in International Trade Negotiations." Global Economy Journal 10, no. 1 (2010): 1850187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1528.

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The paper explores incentives of national trade representatives (TRs) in international negotiations when trade policy basically follows a non-cooperative track with countries imposing tariffs on each other's exports due to "terms of trade cum international political economy" considerations. The paper shows that negotiations might get stuck even if a limited form of mutual trade liberalization Pareto-dominates the initial Nash-equilibrium in trade policies. The dilemma is rooted in a second-mover advantage, which adds considerable inertia to the Nash equilibrium of protectionism. The second-mov

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13

Kim, Jeong-Yoo, and Joon Yeop Kwon. "Strategic delegation and second mover advantage in duopoly." Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 30, no. 1 (2017): 732–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2017.1311227.

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14

Weiss, Moritz. "How to become a first mover? Mechanisms of military innovation and the development of drones." European Journal of International Security 3, no. 2 (2017): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eis.2017.15.

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AbstractStates generate the hardware of military power by either developing new technologies as first mover or adopting demonstrated technology as second mover. Given that military drones have arguably demonstrated effectiveness and thus proliferate, scholars have produced profound insights into today’s second mover dynamics. Yet, the preceding political process of developing this military technology remains poorly understood. The article’s objective is to explain how states become first movers of military hardware. To this end, it applies four causal mechanisms of military innovation studies

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15

Shoul, Hamed, Mehran Ameri, and S. M. Hojjat Mohammadi. "Thermodynamic Investigation of Integrated Air Cycle Refrigeration Systems." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 25, no. 02 (2017): 1750016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201013251750016x.

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An analysis of air cycle refrigeration (ACR) systems based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics has been carried out. Cooling the gas cooler outlet enhances the system efficiency, hence the use of integrated refrigeration systems (IRSs). The IRS consists of an ACR, an absorption chiller and a prime mover. The waste heat from the prime mover operates the absorption chiller, which provides additional cooling that is used to cool down the air exiting the gas cooler. LiBr-H2O and NH3-H2O are used as fluid pairs in absorption section. The prime mover can either be gas turbine or solid oxi

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16

Friedman, Alex. "A second-order implicit particle mover with adjustable damping." Journal of Computational Physics 90, no. 2 (1990): 292–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(90)90168-z.

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17

Amir, Rabah, and Anna Stepanova. "Second-mover advantage and price leadership in Bertrand duopoly." Games and Economic Behavior 55, no. 1 (2006): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2005.03.004.

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18

Mylovanov, Tymofiy, and Andriy Zapechelnyuk. "Constructive versus Toxic Argumentation in Debates." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 16, no. 1 (2024): 262–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20220114.

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Two debaters address an audience by sequentially choosing their information strategies. We compare the setting where the second mover reveals additional information (constructive argumentation) with the setting where the second mover obfuscates the first mover’s information (toxic argumentation). We reframe both settings as constrained optimization of the first mover. We show that when the preferences are zero-sum or risk-neutral, constructive debates reveal the state, while toxic debates are completely uninformative. Moreover, constructive debates reveal the state under the assumption on pref

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19

Cahyadi, Danang D., Yoga N. Adhitama, Ikhsan Setiawan, and Agung B. S. Utomo. "Experimental Study of Resonance Frequency at Prime Mover Thermoacoustic Standing Wave." Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications 1, no. 2 (2017): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v1i2.19316.

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<p class="Abstract">Thermoacoustic prime movers work by using thermal energy to produce acoustic energy in the form of sound wave through thermoacoustic effect which occurs in a porous medium called stack. This paper describes an experimental study on the relation between the order of resonance frequencies generated by a thermoacoustic prime mover and the length of the resonator and the viscous penetration depth. Extending the resonator length will decreasing the resonance frequency which result in the increasing in the viscous penetration depth. Generally, the generated sound consists o

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20

Berest, Kostiantyn. "FIRST-MOVER ADVANTAGE: ENHANCING COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH EARLY DIGITAL INNOVATION." ВЧЕНІ ЗАПИСКИ Харківського гуманітарного університету «Народна українська академія» XXXI (April 28, 2025): 215–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15430518.

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This article delves into the application of the first-mover advantage (FMA) inenhancing the competitiveness of IT companies. By analyzing the role of earlymarket entry, the study highlights how FMA enables companies to establishleadership, influence industry standards, and develop brand equity. Companiessuch as Amazon, Tesla, and Microsoft exemplify the benefits of early entry bybecoming synonymous with their respective industries and leveraging FMA tosustain their dominance.The analysis further explores how first movers benefit from cost efficienciesachieved via economies of scale. These oper

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21

Ordóñez, Lucía Martínez, and Jörg Schimmelpfennig. "The War against the Taliban." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 6, no. 3 (2015): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2015070102.

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Operation Enduring Freedom was hampered by a chronic shortage of attack helicopters available to ISAF forces in Afghanistan. Tactical operations into Taliban-held territory were launched even though close air support capable of dealing with “danger close” situations could not be assigned in advance. It led to significant ISAF casualties if the Taliban decided to fight back rather than withdraw. Departing from a Clausewitz-style, i.e. second-mover advantage, mixed-strategy equilibrium and taking account of the “Irregular Warfare” nature of the pay-offs, the paper looks into the existence of str

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22

DZIUBIŃSKI, MARCIN, DEBABRATA DATTA, and JAIDEEP ROY. "A LOCATION GAME ON DISJOINT CIRCLES." International Game Theory Review 11, no. 04 (2009): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021919890900239x.

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Two players are endowed with resources for setting up N locations on K identical circles, with N > K ≥ 1. The players alternately choose these locations (possibly in batches of more than one in each round) in order to secure the area closer to their locations than that of their rival's. They face a resource mobility constraint such that not all N locations can be placed in the first round. The player with the highest secured area wins the game and otherwise the game ends in a tie. Earlier research has shown that for K = 1, the second mover always has a winning strategy in this game. In this

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23

Pofantis, Ermis, Erwin Neher, and Thomas Dresbach. "Regulation of a subset of release-ready vesicles by the presynaptic protein Mover." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 3 (2021): e2022551118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022551118.

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Neurotransmitter release occurs by regulated exocytosis from synaptic vesicles (SVs). Evolutionarily conserved proteins mediate the essential aspects of this process, including the membrane fusion step and priming steps that make SVs release-competent. Unlike the proteins constituting the core fusion machinery, the SV protein Mover does not occur in all species and all synapses. Its restricted expression suggests that Mover may modulate basic aspects of transmitter release and short-term plasticity. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed synaptic transmission electrophysiologically at the mouse

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24

Liu, Chang (Charo), Stella G. Boothman, and John D. Graham. "The Rise and Recent Decline of Tesla’s Share of the U.S. Electric Vehicle Market." World Electric Vehicle Journal 16, no. 2 (2025): 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16020090.

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This article examines the rise and recent decline of Tesla in the U.S. electric vehicle market. Using qualitative, semi-quantitative, and statistical methods, the article traces how Tesla acquired a first-mover advantage and how second movers, both established automakers and start-ups, responded to Tesla’s rise. The recent decline in Tesla’s share of the U.S. electric vehicle market is linked to several factors: the proliferation of electric vehicle offerings from competitors, changes in public policy, and controversial decisions by Tesla and its CEO. The article concludes with a discussion of

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25

Dr., Sudipta Chattopadhyay. "NÃ gÃ rjunas Reflection on Motion and Rest." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 6 (2018): 968–72. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18808.

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Nagarjuna C.150 C.250 is considered to be one of the most famous thinkers of Indian Mahayana Buddhism, specially, in the Tibetan tradition and referred to as The Second Buddha. Nagarjuna categorically repudiates the reality of motion as well as rest. He is known as the founder of the Madhyamika school of Buddhist thought, the school of the middle way. The middle way avoids both the extremes of eternalism as well as of nihilism. The main theory of Madhyamika is the doctrine of emptiness or 'sunyata' which shows that all phenomena lack a permanent, unchanging and independent self existen

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26

Feng, Haiyang, Zhengrui Jiang, Minqiang Li, and Nan Feng. "First- or Second-Mover Advantage? The Case of IT-Enabled Platform Markets." MIS Quarterly 44, no. 3 (2020): 1107–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25300/misq/2020/15273).

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27

GROENERT, VALESKA, and BEN ZISSIMOS. "Developing Country Second-Mover Advantage in Competition Over Environmental Standards and Taxes." Journal of Public Economic Theory 15, no. 5 (2013): 700–728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12049.

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28

Hoppe, Heidrun C. "Second-mover advantages in the strategic adoption of new technology under uncertainty." International Journal of Industrial Organization 18, no. 2 (2000): 315–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7187(98)00020-4.

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29

Yong, Soo Keong, and Stuart McDonald. "Emissions tax and second-mover advantage in clean technology R&D." Environmental Economics and Policy Studies 20, no. 1 (2017): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10018-017-0185-6.

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30

Shinkai, Tetsuya. "Second Mover Disadvantages in a Three-Player Stackelberg Game with Private Information." Journal of Economic Theory 90, no. 2 (2000): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeth.1999.2608.

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31

Nelson, H. James. "Visible IT in Credit Unions." Information Resources Management Journal 24, no. 1 (2011): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/irmj.2011010102.

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Research indicates that rapidly evolving technology and markets do not provide a first mover strategic advantage but favor the second mover. This paper introduces a third variable: hype. In a time of rapid technology and market evolution, hype overrides the expected results and gives the first mover a strategic advantage. This study examines a homogeneous set of medium-sized information-dependent and information-intensive organizations as they implement visible information technology in two eras: during a time of intense hype and during a more normal time where technology has become commonplac

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32

Ramseyer, Amandine, Bernard Thierry, and Odile Petit. "Decision-making in group departures of female domestic geese." Behaviour 146, no. 3 (2009): 351–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853909x410955.

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AbstractGroup-living animals have to make trade-offs to reach consensus and travel together. We investigated the recruitment processes underpinning decision-making at departure in a group of 20 female domestic geese (Anser domesticus) kept in semi-free-range conditions. Two observers continuously videotaped the behaviours of the birds. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analyses. We found that decision-making was a continuous and distributed process. Departure was preceded by an increase in the arousal state of group members and their initial orientation influenced recruitment. Patte

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33

Antler, Yair, Daniel Bird, and Santiago Oliveros. "Sequential Learning." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 15, no. 1 (2023): 399–433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20200352.

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We develop a model in which two players sequentially and publicly examine a project. In our model the player who moves first can fabricate evidence to influence the second mover, which creates a moral hazard problem. We find that early strategic uncertainty can mitigate this problem. In particular, for intermediate prior beliefs about the project’s quality, the Pareto-dominant equilibrium is in mixed strategies and consists of an early stage in which evidence may be fabricated and a later stage in which evidence is always authentic. Our findings shed light on the dynamics of R&D, quality a

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34

Yoon, Young-Ro. "Endogenous timing of actions under conflict between two types of second mover advantage." International Journal of Industrial Organization 27, no. 6 (2009): 728–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2009.04.001.

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35

CARPENTER, G., and K. NAKAMOTO. "Impact of Consumer Preference Formation on Marketing Objectives and Competitive Second Mover Strategies." Journal of Consumer Psychology 5, no. 4 (1996): 325–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp0504_02.

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36

Reinganum, Jennifer F. "A two-stage model of research and development with endogenous second-mover advantages." International Journal of Industrial Organization 3, no. 3 (1985): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7187(85)90024-4.

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37

Kwon, H. J., S. G. Kim, Y. S. Han, et al. "Laparoscopy-assisted pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy for periampullary disease: early experience of second mover." HPB 20 (September 2018): S664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hpb.2018.06.2306.

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38

Kleine, Fabian, Manfred Königstein, and Balázs Rozsnyói. "Voluntary Leadership and Asymmetric Endowments in the Investment Game." Games 9, no. 3 (2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g9030051.

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We experimentally investigate variants of the investment game by Berg, Dickhaut, and McCabe (1995), in which one of the two players decides who are first mover and second mover. It has been shown by Kleine, Königstein, and Rozsnyói (2014) that voluntary leadership increases both investment and backtransfer. We interpret voluntary leadership as a signal of cooperation that stimulates reciprocal cooperation. If a relatively rich player takes the lead (putting himself/herself under investment risk) this should be seen as a less strong signal of cooperation than taking the lead among equally endow

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39

HAUSKEN, KJELL. "ON THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF DETERRENCE IN SEQUENTIAL COLONEL BLOTTO GAMES." International Game Theory Review 14, no. 02 (2012): 1250011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198912500119.

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A sequential Colonel Blotto and rent seeking game with fixed and variable resources is analyzed. With fixed resources, which is the assumption in Colonel Blotto games, we show for the common ratio form contest success function that the second mover is never deterred. This stands in contrast to Powell's (Games and Economic Behavior67(2), 611–615) finding where the second mover can be deterred. With variable resources both players exert efforts in both sequential and simultaneous games, whereas fixed resources cause characteristics of all battlefields or rents to impact efforts for each battlefi

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40

Rasmusen, Eric, and Young-Ro Yoon. "First Versus Second Mover Advantage with Information Asymmetry about the Profitability of New Markets." Journal of Industrial Economics 60, no. 3 (2012): 374–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6451.2012.00487.x.

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41

Zhu, Wenge, and Xiaohui Eva Xu. "Second-Mover Advantages with Asymmetric Costs and Information Updates: A Product Life Cycle Perspective." Managerial and Decision Economics 32, no. 8 (2011): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mde.1552.

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42

Leseure, Michel, Dawn Robins, Graham Wall, and Dylan Jones. "Making the most out of renewable energy opportunities." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 1 (2019): 212–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-02-2017-0011.

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Purpose Offshore renewable energy technologies provide many new opportunities for coastal regions around the world, and although the energy policy literature has documented the success stories of many “first mover” regions, there is little guidance for “second mover” or “follower” regions. This paper aims to investigate the strategic challenges faced by coastal regions in the Channel area that are not first movers. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a multiple case study approach to analyse the behaviour of regional stakeholders when planning and assessing their participation in the r

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43

LIPSCY, PHILLIP Y., and HIROFUMI TAKINAMI. "The Politics of Financial Crisis Response in Japan and the United States." Japanese Journal of Political Science 14, no. 3 (2013): 321–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109913000133.

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AbstractWe examine the politics of financial crisis response in Japan and the United States. Many existing accounts of Japan's ‘lost decade’ of the 1990s have emphasized Japan-specific factors, such as structural problems, policy errors, and political dysfunction. We argue that Japan may have been subject to a form offirst-mover disadvantage. Like innovation in the private sector, developing effective solutions to novel policy problems requires a messy process of discovery, experimentation, and repeated failure. Much as late-industrializing countries adapted the methods and technologies of ear

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44

Suzuki, Yutaka. "Centralization, Decentralization and Incentive Problems in Eurozone Financial Governance: A Contract Theory Analysis." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 3 (2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n3p93.

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This paper uses a contract theory framework to analyze the mechanisms of eurozone financial governance, with a focus on centralization vs. decentralization and incentive problems. By constructing a Stackelberg game model with n Ministries of Finance as the first movers and the European Central Bank as the second mover, we show that each government can create growth in its own country (self-benefit) by increasing government spending, but that this will increase inflation, resulting in a decrease in the value of the euro. As these effects are shared equally by eurozone countries (cost sharing),

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45

Paridaens, Richard, Smaine Kouidri, and Fathi Jebali Jerbi. "Time-averaged second-order pressure and velocity measurements in a pressurized oscillating flow prime mover." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 30, no. 11 (2016): 4971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-016-0727-z.

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46

Song, Peijian, Cheng Zhang, Yunjie Xu, Ling Xue, Ke Wang, and Chenghong Zhang. "Asymmetric Interaction in Competitive Internet Technology Diffusion." Journal of Global Information Management 19, no. 3 (2011): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2011070103.

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This paper explores the diffusion of competitive Internet technology products in the context of competition between local and multinational corporations as well as how the diffusive interactions between technologies affect their dominance in electronic markets. Drawing on existing theories of innovation diffusion, and competitive dynamics, the authors adopted a new diffusion model that incorporates the influence of one technology’s adoption on the diffusion of other technology. The authors then validated the model using longitudinal field data of the two pairs of Internet technology products i

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47

Holler, Manfred J. "The Two–dimensional Model of Jury Decision Making." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 28, no. 1 (2010): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569210x15665367279354.

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Abstract This paper discusses a two-dimensional jury model. It combines the idea of winning a maximum of votes in a voting game with utility maximization that derives from the winning proposition. The model assumes a first mover, the plaintiff, and a second-mover, the counsel of the defendant. Typically, these agents represent parties that have conflicting interests. Here they face a jury that consists of three groups of voters such that no single group has a majority of votes. Each group is characterized by homogeneous preferences on three alternatives that describe the possible outcomes. The

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48

Moradian, Mohammadreza, Jafar Soltani, Gholam Reza Arab Markadeh, Hossein Shahinzadeh, and Yassine Amirat. "A New Grid-Connected Constant Frequency Three-Phase Induction Generator System under Unbalanced-Voltage Conditions." Electronics 10, no. 8 (2021): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080938.

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This paper presents a new constant frequency, direct grid-connected wind-based induction generator system (IGS). The proposed system includes a six-phase cage rotor with two separate three-phase balanced stator windings and a three-phase SV-PWM inverter which is used as a STATCOM. The first stator winding is connected to the STATCOM and is used to excite the machine. The main frequency of the STATCOM is considered to be constant and equal to the main grid frequency. In the second stator winding, the frequency of the induced emf is equal to the constant frequency, so the generator output freque

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49

Bohnet, Iris, Bruno S. Frey, and Steffen Huck. "More Order with Less Law: On Contract Enforcement, Trust, and Crowding." American Political Science Review 95, no. 1 (2001): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055401000211.

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Most contracts, whether between voters and politicians or between house owners and contractors, are incomplete. “More law,” it typically is assumed, increases the likelihood of contract performance by increasing the probability of enforcement and/or the cost of breach. We examine a contractual relationship in which the first mover has to decide whether she wants to enter a contract without knowing whether the second mover will perform. We analyze how contract enforceability affects individual performance for exogenous preferences. Then we apply a dynamic model of preference adaptation and find

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50

Rahman, Sadiq Ur, Chaoying Xia, Pengchao Xiao, Jiali Yu, and Nannan Wang. "Sensorless vector control approach for the interior PM synchronous machine with DC-offset compensation loop." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2591, no. 1 (2023): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2591/1/012048.

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Abstract Two different DC offset compensators for sensorless PMSM, motor drives with wide speed range flux linkage observers, are introduced and compared. The first one is an improved flux observer with PI correction and no need for mover speed and phase adaptation. The second one is a novel flux observer with an active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) compensator without mover speed adaptation. The ESO built into ADRC is able to detect and compensate for both internal model disturbance and external load disturbance, resulting in a controller with superior dynamic responsiveness and rob

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