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Journal articles on the topic 'Second-order Raman spectroscopy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Lee, Young-Jae. "The second order Raman spectroscopy in carbon crystallinity." Journal of Nuclear Materials 325, no. 2-3 (February 2004): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.12.005.

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2

Wang, Shuai, Tingting Li, Liping Wu, Lei Zhang, Li Dong, Xun Hu, and Chun-Zhu Li. "Second-order Raman spectroscopy of char during gasification." Fuel Processing Technology 135 (July 2015): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.11.002.

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3

Solozhenko, Vladimir L., Oleksandr O. Kurakevych, and Pierre Bouvier. "First and second-order Raman scattering of B6O." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 40, no. 8 (August 2009): 1078–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.2243.

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4

Murugkar, S., R. Merlin, A. Botchkarev, A. Salvador, and H. Morkoç. "Second order Raman spectroscopy of the wurtzite form of GaN." Journal of Applied Physics 77, no. 11 (June 1995): 6042–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359190.

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5

Myers Kelley, Anne. "Resonance Raman and hyper-Raman spectroscopy of organic chromophores for second-order nonlinear optics." International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 104, no. 5 (2005): 602–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.20520.

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6

Jiang, Yi-Jian, Ling-Zhi Zeng, Rong-Ping Wang, Yong Zhu, and Yu-Long Liu. "Fundamental and Second-Order Raman Spectra of BaT iO3." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 27, no. 1 (January 1996): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4555(199601)27:1<31::aid-jrs920>3.0.co;2-k.

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7

Iwafuchi, N., S. Mizuno, Yasuhiko Benino, Takumi Fujiwara, Takayuki Komatsu, M. Koide, and K. Matsushita. "Nano-Crystallized Glass Fibers with Second-Order Optical Nonlinearity." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.209.

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Transparent nano-crystallized glass fibers with 300μm diameter were successfully fabricated in tellurite (TeO2) based glass systems. Structure of crystallized glass fibers and orientation of nano-size crystals were quantitatively investigated by microscopic Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Second harmonic generation was measured in the nano-crystallized optical fibers.
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8

Shoute, Lian C. T., Mireille Blanchard-Desce, and Anne Myers Kelley. "Tunable resonance hyper-Raman spectroscopy of second-order nonlinear optical chromophores." Journal of Chemical Physics 121, no. 15 (October 15, 2004): 7045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1806131.

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9

Spencer, G. S., J. Grant, R. Gray, J. Zolman, J. Menéndez, R. Droopad, and G. N. Maracas. "Second-order Raman spectroscopy of AlAs: A test of lattice-dynamical models." Physical Review B 49, no. 8 (February 15, 1994): 5761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.49.5761.

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10

Gao, Haiyong, Fawang Yan, Huixiao Zhang, Jinmin Li, Junxi Wang, and Jianchang Yan. "First and second order Raman scattering spectroscopy of nonpolar a-plane GaN." Journal of Applied Physics 101, no. 10 (May 15, 2007): 103533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2735402.

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11

Cornaton, Yann, Magnus Ringholm, and Kenneth Ruud. "Complete analytic anharmonic hyper-Raman scattering spectra." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 32 (2016): 22331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp03463b.

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12

Chen, Ting, and J. F. Scott. "Raman intensities near second-order transitions. Part II-tris-(sarcosine)calcium chloride." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 21, no. 11 (November 1990): 761–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250211110.

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13

Gorishnyi, M. P., and O. M. Fesenko. "Characterization of second-order bands in Raman scattering spectra of lead phthalocyanine thin films." Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 24, no. 02 (June 16, 2021): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo24.02.166.

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The structure, optical absorption (500…950 nm) and resonance Raman spectra (within the range 100…3000 cm–1) of lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) thin solid films with the thickness 190 nm were studied. The films were deposited using thermal evaporation in vacuum 6.5 mPa onto silica substrates held at room temperature. It was found that in the process of depositing the PbPc thin solid films monoclinic and triclinic PbPc crystallites were grown, and the amount of crystallites in the triclinic phase in the as-deposited PbPc films was approximately two times less than those in the monoclinic one. The resonance Raman spectroscopy, with application of the He-Ne laser line 632.8 nm as an excitation source, was used for studying the 190-nm thick PbPc films. Due to resonance enhancement, the second-order Raman spectrum of PbPc films within the region 1700…2950 cm–1 was successfully registered and analyzed for the first time. It has been shown that the second-order PbPc Raman spectrum is mainly formed by the overtones and combination modes of B1 symmetry fundamental vibrations. The second-order Raman region of 2550…2900 cm–1 appeared to be highly specific for PbPc and could be used for its identification along with the finger-print region of fundamental vibrational modes.
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14

Silva-Molina, R. A., R. Gámez-Corrales, J. M. Hernández-Cazares, and I. G. Espinoza-Maldonado. "Study of Optical Vibrations Modes of Mineral Graphite by Micro Raman Spectroscopy." MRS Proceedings 1481 (2012): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1630.

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ABSTRACTWe present experimental and theoretical Raman spectra of natural graphite mineral of Sonora, Mexico. In this work, we take the advantage of the utility of the RAMAN spectroscopy as a technique to determine the crystallinity and structure of graphite mineral. The RAMAN spectroscopy provides information that can be used to determine the degree of graphitization, which in turn can be used to know the metamorphic degree of the host rock. The resulting RAMAN spectra of graphite were divided in first and second order regions, in the first region (1100-1800cm-1) the E2gvibration mode with D6hcrystal symmetry occurs at 1580cm-1(G band) that indicates poorly organized graphite, additional bands appears in the first order region at 1350 cm-1(D band) called the defect band, and another at 1620 cm-1(D* band). The second-order region (2200-3400cm-1) shows several bands at ~2400 ~2700 ~2900 ~3300cm-1, all of them attributed to electron-phonon interactions or combination scattering. The density functional theory calculations were applied to determine the vibrational properties and the stacking layers of graphite.
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15

Haboeck, U., H. Siegle, A. Hoffmann, and C. Thomsen. "Lattice dynamics in GaN and AlN probed with first- and second-order Raman spectroscopy." physica status solidi (c), no. 6 (September 2003): 1710–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200303130.

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16

Eppinger, S., A. Rabold, T. N. Misra, S. K. Nandy, and H. W. Schrötter. "Second order Raman spectra of benzene and hexadeuterobenzene in the gaseous phase." Journal of Molecular Structure 266 (March 1992): 389–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(92)80097-2.

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17

Li, Shichun, Dengxin Hua, Liaolin Hu, Qing Yan, and Xiaoyu Tian. "All-Fiber Spectroscope with Second-Order Fiber Bragg Grating for Rotational Raman Lidar." Spectroscopy Letters 47, no. 3 (December 27, 2013): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00387010.2013.795173.

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18

Feng, You Li, and Li Jing Yu. "The Characteristics of Natural Occurred Carbon Nanotubes - from Transmission Electronic Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.847.

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The natural carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have been found in the Sujiquan graphite ore deposit and the high resolution transmission electronic microscopy and the micro laser Raman Spectrum have been used to study their structure. The length of CNTs from n nm to 300nm and width vary between 0.n nm and 30 nm. The RBMs at 462cm-1in the first-order Raman spectrum of natural CNTs should originate from the inner diameters of 0.5nm. The obvious characteristic peak is at 1343.41 cm-1and 1577.08 cm-1indicating high graphitization degree. The S1～S4 peaks also found in the second-order Raman spectra.
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19

Ariunbold, Gombojav O., Bryan Semon, Supriya Nagpal, and Prakash Adhikari. "Coherent Anti-Stokes–Stokes Raman Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy: Asymmetric Frequency Shifts in Hydrogen-Bonded Pyridine-Water Complexes." Applied Spectroscopy 73, no. 9 (July 11, 2019): 1099–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702819857771.

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Hydrogen bonding is a vital molecular interaction for bio-molecular systems, yet deep understanding of its ways of creating various complexes requires extensive empirical testing. A hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent Raman spectroscopic technique is applied to study pyridine-water complexes. Both the coherent Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman spectra are recorded simultaneously as the concentration of water in pyridine varied. A 3 ps and 10 cm−1 narrowband probe pulse enables us to observe well-resolved Raman spectra. The hydrogen bonding between pyridine and water forms the complexes that have altered vibrational frequencies. These red and blue shifts were observed to be uneven. This asymmetry was result of the generated background nonlinear optical processes of pyridine-water complexes. This asymmetry tends to disappear as probe pulse further delayed attaining background-free coherent Raman spectra. For better visualization, spectral analyses both traditional two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy and recent second-order correlation functions defined in frequency domain are employed. Recognized as a label-free and background-free technique, the coherent Raman spectroscopy, complemented with a known high-resolution spectroscopic correlation analysis, has potential in studying the hydrogen-bonded pyridine-water complexes. These complexes are of great biological importance both due to the ubiquitous nature of hydrogen bonds and due to the close resemblance to chemical bases in macro-biomolecules.
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20

Xu, Jun, Hao Tang, Sheng Su, Jiawei Liu, Hengda Han, Liangping Zhang, Kai Xu, et al. "Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Study of 32 Kinds of Chinese Coals: Second-Order Raman Spectrum and Its Correlations with Coal Properties." Energy & Fuels 31, no. 8 (July 6, 2017): 7884–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00990.

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21

ZENG, HAISHAN, JIANHUA ZHAO, MICHAEL SHORT, DAVID I. MCLEAN, STEPHEN LAM, ANNETTE MCWILLIAMS, and HARVEY LUI. "RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY FOR IN VIVO TISSUE ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSIS, FROM INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT TO CLINICAL APPLICATIONS." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 01, no. 01 (June 2008): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545808000054.

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Raman spectroscopy is a noninvasive, nondestructive analytical method capable of determining the biochemical constituents based on molecular vibrations. It does not require sample preparation or pretreatment. However, the use of Raman spectroscopy for in vivo clinical applications will depend on the feasibility of measuring Raman spectra in a relatively short time period (a few seconds). In this work, a fast dispersive-type near-infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy system and a skin Raman probe were developed to facilitate real-time, noninvasive, in vivo human skin measurements. Spectrograph image aberration was corrected by a parabolic-line fiber array, permitting complete CCD vertical binning, thereby yielding a 16-fold improvement in signal-to-noise ratio. Good quality in vivo skin NIR Raman spectra free of interference from fiber fluorescence and silica Raman scattering can be acquired within one second, which greatly facilitates practical noninvasive tissue characterization and clinical diagnosis. Currently, we are conducting a large clinical study of various skin diseases in order to develop Raman spectroscopy into a useful tool for non-invasive skin cancer detection. Intermediate data analysis results are presented. Recently, we have also successfully developed a technically more challenging endoscopic Laser-Raman probe for early lung cancer detection. Preliminary in vivo results from endoscopic lung Raman measurements are discussed.
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22

Popovici, G., S. Khasawinah, T. Sung, M. A. Prelas, B. V. Spitsyn, S. Loyalka, R. Tompson, J. Chamberlaine, and H. White. "Raman scattering characterization of (100) and (111) oriented diamond films grown in the same run by hot filament chemical vapor deposition." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 11 (November 1994): 2839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.2839.

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The crystalline quality of a diamond film with two different preferential orientations (100) and (111), obtained in the same run by hot filament chemical deposition, has been studied. The quality of the film determined by Raman spectroscopy measurements was found to be nearly the same for both orientations. The second order Raman spectrum for diamond film was observed by using an infrared excitation.
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23

Leonard, James D., Gen Katagiri, and Terry L. Gustafson. "Quasi-Continuous Generation of 211-nm Excitation for Resonance Raman Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 48, no. 4 (April 1994): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370294775268901.

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We demonstrate the generation of 211-nm radiation using sum frequency mixing of the second and third harmonics of a cw mode-locked Nd: YLF laser operating at 76 MHz as an excitation source for resonance Raman spectroscopy. Owing to the relatively low peak power (∼4 W) but high average power (∼8 mW), we obtain good-quality spectra with relatively short collection times. In order to demonstrate the utility of this source, we have obtained the Raman spectra of several biological molecules and an inorganic molecule, ruthenium trisbipyridine, using 211-nm excitation.
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24

Nielsen, Ole Faurskov, Elizabeth Shabanova, and Mikkel Nissum. "The Second-Order 13C Diamond Raman Spectrum: An Introduction to Vibrational Spectroscopy of the Solid State." Journal of Chemical Education 77, no. 5 (May 2000): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed077p633.

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25

Kaminaka, Shoji, and Teizo Kitagawa. "A Novel Idea for Practical UV Resonance Raman Measurement with a Double Monochromator and its Application to Protein Structural Studies." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 12 (December 1992): 1804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924123485.

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A practical system for UV resonance Raman (RR) measurements based on the combined use of the first-/second-order dispersions of two gratings in an ordinary double monochromator is proposed. This system rejects visible stray light completely and gives four times larger throughput than the combination of the normal second-order dispersion of two gratings and a visible-cut filter. Newly designed f/1.1 Cassegrainian mirror optics and a sensitive spinning cell using an ESR sample tube are combined with this spectrometer and applied to measurements of UV RR spectra of hen egg white lysozyme. The continuous-wave 244-nm excited spectra of lysozyme yielded Raman bands of tryptophan (Trp) and deprotonated tyrosine (Tyr−) residues in 10 min with high signal-to-noise ratios, and there was no sample degradation. It is demonstrated that the intensity of the Tyr− v8 a band in the 244-nm excited spectrum can be used to quantify the number of deprotonated Tyr residues in the stepwise ionization of a protein.
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26

Tang, Ruilian, Jiuhua Chen, Qiaoshi Zeng, Yan Li, Xue Liang, Bin Yang, and Yu Wang. "Study on the High-Pressure Behavior of Goethite up to 32 GPa Using X-Ray Diffraction, Raman, and Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy." Minerals 10, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020099.

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Goethite is a major iron-bearing sedimentary mineral on Earth. In this study, we conducted in situ high-pressure x-ray diffraction, Raman, and electrical impedance spectroscopy measurements of goethite using a diamond anvil cell (DAC) at room temperature and high pressures up to 32 GPa. We observed feature changes in both the Raman spectra and electrical resistance at about 5 and 11 GPa. However, the x-ray diffraction patterns show no structural phase transition in the entire pressure range of the study. The derived pressure-volume (P-V) data show a smooth compression curve with no clear evidence of any second-order phase transition. Fitting the volumetric data to the second-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state yields V0 = 138.9 ± 0.5 Å3 and K0 = 126 ± 5 GPa.
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27

El-Abassy, Rasha Mohamed, Pinkie Jacob Eravuchira, Patrice Donfack, Bernd Von Der Kammer, and Arnulf Materny. "Direct Determination of Unsaturation Level of Milk Fat Using Raman Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 66, no. 5 (May 2012): 538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/11-06327.

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We have demonstrated the potential of visible Raman spectroscopy in combination with chemometric analysis as a fast and simple tool for the determination of the unsaturation level of milk fat. The Raman measurements have been performed directly on liquid milk and on fat extracted from liquid milk. The Raman spectra taken from the extracted fat showed a higher resolution. The spectra directly obtained from the milk samples had some fluorescence background but nevertheless yielded the desired information. For calibration purposes, the iodine value (IV) was determined in all cases in order to evaluate the unsaturation level of the investigated samples. Two separate calibration models have been constructed; one for the milk samples and the second one for the extracted fat. The accuracy of these calibration models was estimated using the root mean square error of calibration and validation (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) between actual and predicted values.
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28

Fornacelli, C., Ph Sciau, and Ph Colomban. "CdS x Se 1− x quantum dots as colouring agents of Art Nouveau and contemporary stained glass: a combined transmission electron microscopy and Raman study." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2082 (December 13, 2016): 20160045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0045.

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The use of cadmium chalchogenide nanoprecipitates to obtain brightly coloured glasses enormously expanded by the beginning of the twentieth century, when the production of cadmium-based pigments was already well established. Six historical stained glass pieces produced between the late 1920s and modern days have been investigated in order to delineate the average size and the elemental composition of the nanocrystals. As non-invasive conditions are now mandatory when considering objects belonging to cultural heritage, Raman spectroscopy is used to measure the (average) elemental composition of the nanoparticles. Zinc substitution is also detected by the shifting of the Raman peak position. Moreover, a tentative evaluation of size distribution and crystallinity of the nanoparticles has been performed considering those parameters that are mainly influenced by the disorder of the system, such as Raman band width, surface phonons and the ratio between second and first order band intensities. A confirmation of the above-mentioned conclusion is searched by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and local elemental analysis. Raman investigations allowed identifying a different and more pronounced disorder characterizing the oldest glasses, also verified by TEM observations, suggesting a different manufacture. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology’.
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29

Алиев, А. Р., И. Р. Ахмедов, М. Г. Какагасанов, and З. А. Алиев. "Спектры комбинационного рассеяния поликристаллических сульфатов лития, натрия и калия в предпереходной температурной области ниже структурного фазового перехода." Физика твердого тела 61, no. 8 (2019): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2019.08.47980.382.

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Molecular relaxation processes in lithium sulfate (Li2SO4), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and potassium sulfate (K2SO4) were studied by Raman spectroscopy. A decrease in the order parameter in the low-temperature phase is observed when approaching a phase transition, which, for example, is typical of a first-order phase transition close to the second. The existence of the pretransition region in the studied sulfates Li2SO4, Na2SO4 and K2SO4 was found.
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30

Kozich, V., and W. Werncke. "Non-degenerate second-order scattering and difference combination bands in infrared-pump/anti-Stokes resonance Raman-probe experiments." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 38, no. 9 (2007): 1180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1748.

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31

Wopenka, Brigitte, Rachel Popelka, Jill Dill Pasteris, and Susan Rotroff. "Understanding the Mineralogical Composition of Ancient Greek Pottery through Raman Microprobe Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 56, no. 10 (October 2002): 1320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370202760355046.

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Mineralogical studies using Raman microprobe spectroscopy and high-magnification optical spectroscopy were performed on sherds of pottery vessels that were used as cooking pots and water jars in Hellenistic Greece (third and second century BC). Of specific interest was the mineralogical identification of the so-called inclusions, which are phases that morphologically stand out from the fired clay matrix and result from the presence of inorganic temper in the original paste mixture. The sizes of mono- and polymineralic inclusions in the sherds range from 5 μm to 2 mm. The combined use of Raman microprobe spectroscopy and incident-light optical microscopy permits identification of specific minerals (such as quartz, albite, calcite, hematite, anhydrite, epidote, rutile, anatase, and apatite) in various different types of inclusions and then visual evaluation of the abundance of those minerals in each sample. The application of our nondestructive analytical approach is documented on a set of four sherds (each on the order of several cm2) from excavations of the ancient Agora of Athens. The information on the mineralogy obtained via Raman spectroscopy can shed light on the provenance of the raw materials and firing conditions of the pottery and thus aids archeologists with their historical interpretations.
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32

Okumura, Ko, and Yoshitaka Tanimura. "Energy-Level Diagrams and Their Contribution to Fifth-Order Raman and Second-Order Infrared Responses: Distinction between Relaxation Models by Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy†." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 107, no. 40 (October 2003): 8092–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp027360o.

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33

Simmons, Philip D., Hubert K. Turley, Daniel W. Silverstein, Lasse Jensen, and Jon P. Camden. "Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopy for Higher-Order Light Scattering: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of Second Hyper-Raman Scattering." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 6, no. 24 (December 8, 2015): 5067–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02342.

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34

Pauzauskie, Peter J., Arash Jamshidi, Joseph M. Zaug, Sarah Baker, T. Y. J. Han, Joe H. Satcher, and Ming C. Wu. "In Situ Raman Spectroscopy of COOH-Functionalized SWCNTs Trapped with Optoelectronic Tweezers." Advances in OptoElectronics 2012 (February 22, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/869829.

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Optoelectronic tweezers (OETs) were used to trap and deposit aqueous dispersions of carboxylic-acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube bundles. Dark-field video microscopy was used to visualize the dynamics of the bundles both with and without virtual electrodes, showing rapid accumulation of carbon nanotubes when optical virtual electrodes are actuated. Raman microscopy was used to probe SWCNT materials following deposition onto metallic fiducial markers as well as during trapping. The local carbon nanotube concentration was observed to increase rapidly during trapping by more than an order of magnitude in less than one second due to localized optical dielectrophoresis forces. This combination of enrichment and spectroscopy with a single laser spot suggests a broad range of applications in physical, chemical, and biological sciences.
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35

Rodzik, Agnieszka, Paweł Pomastowski, Viorica Railean-Plugaru, Myroslav Sprynskyy, and Bogusław Buszewski. "The Study of Zinc Ions Binding to αS1-, β- and κ-Casein." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 8096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218096.

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The presented studies focused on the specificity binding of particular casein fractions: αS1-, β- and κ-casein (αS1CN, βCN, κCN), with zinc ions. The binding mechanism was determined by kinetic modeling using results of batch sorption. For this goal, models of zero-order kinetics, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Weber–Morris intraparticle diffusion were used. The formation of Zn-αS1CN, Zn-βCN and Zn-κCN complexes was additionally monitored using spectroscopic methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy, characterizing active functional groups involved in the binding process. Additionally, a mass spectrometry technique—matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)—was used to characterize respective protein fractions and obtained complexes. Spectroscopic and spectrometric studies were carried out both before and after binding the protein with zinc ions. The obtained results showed the difference in Zn-αS1CN, Zn-βCN and Zn-κCN complexes created at separate kinetic stages. On the basis of instrumental studies, a significant influence of acidic (glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp)) and aromatic (tryptophan (Trp), phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr)) amino acids on the formation of metal complexes was proven. In turn, spectrometric studies allowed determining the molecular masses of casein isoforms before and after binding to zinc ions.
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36

Cooper, Thomas M., David L. Bolton, Steven T. Schuschereba, and Elmar T. Schmeisser. "Luminescence and Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Tyrosine Oxidized by Persulfate." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 4 (May 1987): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702874448733.

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To gain insight into the photochemistry of oxidized amino acids, we have measured chemiluminescence and Raman spectra of persulfate oxidized tyrosine (POT). Chemiluminescence kinetics were obtained from a sealed capillary tube containing a basic POT solution. Excitation at 488.0 nm and monitoring emission at 633 nm produced a first-order rise and a second-order decay in intensity to steady-state levels. We collected steady-state emission spectra from a flow system excited by argon-ion and helium-neon laser radiation. The full-width at half-maximum, position, and intensity of fluorescence were measured. The full-width at half-maximum (3600 cm−1) was independent of excitation wavelength. At higher energy excitation, the emission maximum was independent of excitation line. At lower energy excitation, the emission maximum varied with the excitation line. The emission intensity dropped by a factor of 6 as the excitation wavelength was varied from 465.8 nm to 514.5 nm. Luminescence was also observed upon excitation at 632.8 nm of this compound dissolved in DMSO. Raman data, obtained from solid polymer suspended in a KBr pellet (rotating sample cell, 488.0 nm excitation, S cm−1 bandpass), revealed broad bands at 1385 cm−1, 1590–1615 cm−1, and 2930 cm−1 superimposed upon a weak fluorescent background. Upon ultraviolet laser excitation (363.8 nm, 5 mW power on the sample, 5 cm−1 bandpass), a single broad band appeared, centered at 1300 cm−1. The difference from visible excitation implies that resonance enhancement from an ultraviolet absorbing chromophore occurred.
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37

Yurtseven, H., and M. H. Tümkaya. "Raman frequency shifts of an internal mode near the tricritical and second order phase transitions in NH4Cl." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 62, no. 4-5 (December 2005): 926–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2005.01.031.

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38

Greve, J., N. M. Sijtsema, C. J. de Grauw, H. Duindam, S. Wouters, C. Otto, and G. J. Vrensen. "Confocal Raman Microscopy of Chromosomes, Cells and Eye-Lenses." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 821–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600010990.

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A confocal scanning Raman microscope was constructed for spectroscopy and microscopy of biological samples (Fig. 1). The microscope contains an illumination system in which a focused krypton laser beam, of which the 647.1 nm line is used to reduce damage, is scanned over the sample using a scanning mirror which moves around two orthogonal axes. Raman scattered light is collected by a water immersion objective which directs the light on the scanning mirror. Spectral analysis takes place in a monochromator with two exit ports: one for spectroscopical purposes the other one for imaging. An image is made by scanning the light, present in the Raman band passed by the monochromator, over a CCD using a second scanning mirror which moves synchronously with the first mirror. The spatial resolution is of the order of 0.3 × 0.3 × 1.2 μm3 (x,y,z).With this microscope we studied the following samples:
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39

Gautam, Drashya, Shyam Lal, and Sunita Hooda. "Adsorption of Rhodamine 6G Dye on Binary System of Nanoarchitectonics Composite Magnetic Graphene Oxide Material." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 2939–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17442.

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Magnetic Graphene Oxide nanocomposite prepared by the co-precipitation method based on concept of nanoarchitectonics. In co-precipitation method, Graphene oxide converts into Magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite with uniform deposition of Fe3O4 nano particles on the surface of Graphene oxide. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy spectroscopy technique reveals the size (~2.5 nm) and uniformity of Fe3O4 nano particles on Graphene oxide surface. The other properties characterized by Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and vibrating-sample magnetometer. For Adsorption process, time, temperature, dose of adsorbent, initial concentration of dye solution and pH factors are optimize for Rhodamine 6G dye. Kinetic data expressed by Pseudo first order model and Pseudo second order model. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms used to evaluate the adsorption isotherm of Rhodamine 6G onto the surface of Magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite and thermodynamic parameters tell us about the nature of reaction.
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40

Yurtseven, H., and D. Kavruk. "Calculation of the Raman frequencies using volume data close to the tricritical and second order phase transitions in NH4Cl." Journal of Molecular Structure 924-926 (April 2009): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.10.069.

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41

Elorrieta, Jone M., Laura J. Bonales, Nieves Rodríguez-Villagra, Valentín G. Baonza, and Joaquín Cobos. "Spent fuel matrix oxidation studies under dry storage conditions." MRS Advances 2, no. 12 (2017): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.3.

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ABSTRACTA good understanding of the spent fuel matrix (UO2) behavior under predisposal activities conditions is required for the proper performance assessment of a final repository. Hence, the oxidation evolution of UO2 under dry interim storage conditions, as a main predisposal action within the Spanish strategy, needs to be addressed. For this aim, in this work a detailed in situ Raman spectroscopy study of the surface oxidation of a UO2.00 disk heated in the presence of synthetic air at 573 K is presented. The spectra analysis required two previous studies. In the first one, UO2+x powder samples with controlled degree of non-stoichiometry were identified by thermogravimetric analysis and subsequently characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The equations obtained from this study enable estimating the oxidation degree of any UO2+x sample (for x < 0.20) at atmospheric conditions. The second one was performed in order to use these equations for the in situ experiments (at 573 K), since the shift of the bands due to temperature needs to be taken into account. Thus, the behavior of the Raman spectra as a function of temperature was analyzed and a correction term thereafter introduced in the initial equations.
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42

INTATHA, U., S. EITSSAYEAM, K. PENGPAT, N. UDOMKAN, P. LIMSUWAN, and T. TUNKASIRI. "ESR AND RAMAN STUDIES OF CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITED CdS : Ni FILMS." Modern Physics Letters B 22, no. 22 (August 30, 2008): 2113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984908016741.

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The CdS : Ni films were fabricated on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition method (CBD), where Ni concentrations are 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and electron spin resonance (ESR) were employed to study the film structures. The XRD patterns revealed the presence of cubic CdS and trace of NiS . The Raman spectra were observed at 300 and 600 cm-1, corresponding to the first and second orders of the longitudinal optical phonon modes. Both results confirm that slightly lower order of crystallinity of CdS : Ni was found at the higher concentration of Ni . The ESR spectra showed the presence of F-type defects in CdS : Ni films. The band gaps of the samples were found to increase with the increase of Ni concentration.
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43

Everall, Neil, Kevin Davis, Harry Owen, M. J. Pelletier, and Joe Slater. "Density Mapping in Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Using a Fiber-Coupled Raman Microprobe and Partial Least-Squares Calibration." Applied Spectroscopy 50, no. 3 (March 1996): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702963906258.

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Partial least-squares (PLS) analysis has been used to calibrate Raman microprobe spectra of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films in terms of density, in order to give insight into changes in crystallinity through the film thickness. The microprobe utilizes a static multiplexed holographic grating to obtain the entire Raman spectrum (-1600-4000 cm-1) in a “single-shot” at ∼ 5-cm−1 resolution. Because there are no moving parts, frequency registration and repeatability are excellent and ideally suited for multivariate calibration. In addition, the high spectral throughput allows the whole spectrum to be collected in a few seconds with high signal-to-noise ratio. With this equipment, cross-validated calibration precisions as low as - 0.0021 g cm−3 were achieved. In this work we considered two ways of removing fluorescence backgrounds prior to carrying out multivariate calibration. The first involved manually fitting a baseline using a polynomial curve and subtracting it. The second approach simply takes the second derivative of the spectrum to attenuate the low-frequency components (i.e., the curved baseline). It was found that either pretreatment gave good calibration precision provided that the resultant spectra were intensity-normalized to correct for variations in laser power, sample alignment, and so on. Surprisingly, it was found that the best precision was obtained by grouping the spectral resolution elements into blocks of eight data points, thereby improving the signal-to-noise but effectively degrading the spectral resolution by a factor of three. This was especially important for the derivative spectra. Alternatively, Savitsky-Golay smoothing of the second derivative data was applied to the same effect but also at the expense of degrading spectral resolution. The implication of this work is that instruments intended for multivariate calibration applications could perhaps be designed to work at rather lower spectral resolutions (but higher signal-to-noise) than might otherwise be considered.
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44

Alguacil, Francisco, Lorena Alcaraz, Irene García-Díaz, and Félix López. "Removal of Pb2+ in Wastewater via Adsorption onto an Activated Carbon Produced from Winemaking Waste." Metals 8, no. 9 (September 5, 2018): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8090697.

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This work describes the adsorption of Pb2+ in aqueous solution onto an activated carbon (AC) produced from winemaking waste (cluster stalks). After characterizing the AC using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and micro-Raman spectroscopy, the influence of different physico-chemical factors (stirring rate, temperature, pH, adsorbent concentration, etc.) on its capacity to adsorb Pb2+ was examined. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of the Pb2+ follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and fits the Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of the AC was 58 mg/g at 288 K temperature and pH of 4. In conclusion, ACs made from waste cluster stalks could be successfully used to remove Pb2+ from polluted water.
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45

Ying, Zhiwei, Lu Huang, Lili Ji, He Li, Xinqi Liu, Chi Zhang, Jian Zhang, and Guofu Yi. "Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using a High Specific Surface Area Porous Carbon Derived from Soybean Dreg." Materials 14, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071754.

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Porous carbon material with high specific surface area was prepared from soybean dreg by a simple and effective two-step method (high temperature pyrolysis and activation). The structural characteristics of the synthesized carbon were evaluated by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), N2 adsorption/desorption measurements/techniques, an elemental analyzer (EA), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The specific surface area of SDB-6-K was 2786 m2 g−1, the pore volume was 2.316 cm3 g−1, and the average pore size was 3.326 nm. The high specific surface area and effective functional groups of carbon material promoted the adsorption of methylene blue. The maximum adsorption capacity of SDB-6-K to methylene blue was 2636 mg g−1 at 318 K. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm data were most suitable for pseudo-second-order and Langmuir equations. The results showed that the adsorbent had excellent adsorptive ability and had good practical application potential in the field of dye wastewater treatment in the future.
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46

UDOMKANA, NITINAI, and PICHET LIMSUWAN. "FORMATION OF NANOCRYSTALS AND AMORPHOUS Al2O3 FILM GROWN BY REACTIVE MAGNETRON SPUTTERING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 24 (September 30, 2008): 4217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208048978.

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Al 2 O 3 films were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. As measured with Raman spectroscopy, the atomic force microscopy (AFM), nanohardness and spectrophotometer, respectively. Raman microscopy was then employed to follow their characteristics of optical and acoustic phonon modes. At the optimal sputtering time of 30 minutes, defect-induced first and second order Raman spectra were observed in the 100–900 cm-1 band, which was related to coating composition. However, at the thickness at 250, 300, 450 and 500 nm crystals of the order of nano size of α- Al 2 O 3 phase were achieved, which could be clearly identified by the presence of Raman peaks at 388, 417 cm-1 and 521 cm-1 assigned to Si substrate. The average nano grain size is measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the hardness was strongly dependent on the roughness of the films, the maximum of which was achieved at 20.01 GPa. The optical band gap of Al 2 O 3 films was found to be in the range of 5.55 eV. All these results were analyzed and presented as a function of the deposition parameters and composition, and crystalline phases excited in the films.
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47

Suriani, Abu Bakar, Salina Muhamad, Puteri Sarah Mohamad Saad, Roslan Md Nor, Yosri Mohd Siran, Syahril Anuar M. Rejab, Ahmad Jaril Asis, Shawaluddin Tahiruddin, Saifollah Abdullah, and Mohamad Mahmood Rusop. "Effect of Temperature on the Growth of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes from Palm Oil." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 900–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.900.

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The effects of synthesis temperature on the quality and quantity of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) were studied using high resolution scanning electron microscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The VACNT was synthesized by Fe catalytic decomposition of palm oil deposited on silicon substrate by thermal chemical vapour deposition method. The analysis shows that the growth rate increases from 3.8 to 5.5 µm/min as the temperature was increased from 750 to 800°C. The nanotube diameters were observed bigger at low temperature range. Smaller and uniform diameter (~15 nm) was found at 750°C and the increment in diameter size was seen at higher temperature range. Smaller graphite Raman “G” peak width, low ID/IG ratio (~0.52) indicated higher crystallinity of the nanotube and moderate I2D1/ I2D2 ratio for second order Raman peak was also detected at synthesis temperature of 750°C. These results indicated that the optimum synthesis temperature for higher quality VACNT production was at 750°C.
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48

Zedler, Linda, Sven Krieck, Stephan Kupfer, and Benjamin Dietzek. "Resonance Raman Spectro-Electrochemistry to Illuminate Photo-Induced Molecular Reaction Pathways." Molecules 24, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020245.

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Electron transfer reactions play a key role for artificial solar energy conversion, however, the underlying reaction mechanisms and the interplay with the molecular structure are still poorly understood due to the complexity of the reaction pathways and ultrafast timescales. In order to investigate such light-induced reaction pathways, a new spectroscopic tool has been applied, which combines UV-vis and resonance Raman spectroscopy at multiple excitation wavelengths with electrochemistry in a thin-layer electrochemical cell to study [RuII(tbtpy)2]2+ (tbtpy = tri-tert-butyl-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine) as a model compound for the photo-activated electron donor in structurally related molecular and supramolecular assemblies. The new spectroscopic method substantiates previous suggestions regarding the reduction mechanism of this complex by localizing photo-electrons and identifying structural changes of metastable intermediates along the reaction cascade. This has been realized by monitoring selective enhancement of Raman-active vibrations associated with structural changes upon electronic absorption when tuning the excitation wavelength into new UV-vis absorption bands of intermediate structures. Additional interpretation of shifts in Raman band positions upon reduction with the help of quantum chemical calculations provides a consistent picture of the sequential reduction of the individual terpyridine ligands, i.e., the first reduction results in the monocation [(tbtpy)Ru(tbtpy•)]+, while the second reduction generates [(tbtpy•)Ru(tbtpy•)]0 of triplet multiplicity. Therefore, the combination of this versatile spectro-electrochemical tool allows us to deepen the fundamental understanding of light-induced charge transfer processes in more relevant and complex systems.
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49

Takahashi, Yoshihiro, Takumi Fujiwara, Yasuhiko Benino, and Takayuki Komatsu. "Crystallization and Raman Spectra of Langasite-Type Na2CaGe6O14, Na2SrGe6O14 and Pb3Ga2Ge4O14 in Corresponding Glasses." Key Engineering Materials 421-422 (December 2009): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.421-422.213.

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We investigated the crystallization behavior of langasite-type phases in the stoichiometric corresponding glasses, i.e., Na2CaGe6O14, Na2SrGe6O14 and Pb3Ga2Ge4O14. The langasite-type phases singly were formed by heat-treatment in the glasses. Raman spectroscopy revealed the structural similarity on the scale of short-/medium-range order between the langasite-type phases and the corresponding glasses. Furthermore, we also examined the temperature dependence of second-harmonic (SH) intensity of the langasite-type phases. The SH-temperature curves exhibited an anomalous behavior, implying a structural change, e.g., isomorphous phase transition.
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50

Li, Shifeng, Fang Qi, Min Xiao, Hongtao Fan, Yanming Shen, Kaige Du, Zhigang Zhang, and Wenxiu Li. "In situ synthesis of layered double hydroxides on γ-Al2O3 and its application in chromium(VI) removal." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 6 (January 2, 2017): 1466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.012.

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Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) adsorbent was synthesized in situ on γ-Al2O3 for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy and thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. Compared to the LDHs powder, the calcined LDHs sorbent prepared in situ on γ-Al2O3 had higher specific surface area and was easy to recover and reuse. The adsorptive capacity for removing Cr(VI) from aqueous solution was resulting from the memory effect of LDHs based on the XRD results. Both the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model fit the experimental data well. Furthermore, the adsorbent exhibits excellent sorption–regeneration performances.
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