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Journal articles on the topic 'Secondary effects of civil judgments'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Acién González, Estefanía, and Ángeles Arjona Garrido. "Prostitution and Deservingness in Times of Pandemic: State (Non) Protection of Sex Workers in Spain." Social Sciences 11, no. 5 (2022): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11050199.

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During the COVID-19 health crisis, the Spanish Government launched a series of urgent measures to protect the population from its economic effects. At first, it seemed that sex workers would have access to this protection, given that, technically, their access to the star measure, the IMV (anagram in Spanish for Ingreso Mínimo Vital) (minimum living income), was explicitly expressed. However, in the end, this group was excluded as the final text specified that only those deemed to be victims of gender violence, sexual exploitation, or trafficking could access said measure. We propose to study

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Ran, Dezhi, Jianwei Cheng, Rui Zhang, Yu Wang, and Yuhang Wu. "Damages of Underground Facilities in Coal Mines due to Gas Explosion Shock Waves: An Overview." Shock and Vibration 2021 (October 30, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8451241.

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With coal mining depth increase, gas explosion accidents due to the high gas emission rates often occur which cause significant casualties and property damages. Among them, gas explosion shock waves not only can destroy the machines and equipment in mine roadways but also cause the failure of mine ventilation facilities resulting in secondary hazards. Thus, the mines’ serious disasters could happen. For many years, researchers have already done a great lot of works to study damages caused by the impact of shock waves of the gas explosions in underground mines. Research results provide a baseli

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林慶郎, 林慶郎. "論占有連鎖之要件與效力──最高法院104年度台上字第40號民事判決之啟發". 中正財經法學 29, № 29 (2024): 115–59. https://doi.org/10.53106/207873752024070029003.

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由於我國民法對於土地及房屋，均有獨立所有權，從而房屋座落於土地之正當權源，一直是學說及實務重要之課題。占有連鎖為常見之土地占有之正當權源，而其要件中，若所有權人與中間占有人之契約中「明示或默示同意」得自由移轉占有，此固無問題。但若中間占有人「未經所有人同意」下逕為占有移轉，是不是就當然沒有占有連鎖之可能，便值得探討。本文認為，所有權人與中間占有人間之契約，若本質上隱含或契約目的，便在於讓中間占有人得以取得自由移轉之權限，例如實務上常見之合建契約，或買賣契約，縱然所有權人未為同意，仍構成占有之連鎖，此為「一次同意」或「概括同意」類型之契約。反之，若契約本質上並不隱含，或契約目的並未使所有權人終局想放棄其所有權能之實現，例如僅為租賃或使用借貸，就必須在具體「個案」中透過當事人意思自主，才能建構占有連鎖之正當權源，此為「二次同意」或「個別同意」類型之契約。Taiwan’s Civil Code provides separate ownership rights for land and houses. Therefore, the legitimate source of title to the land on which the house is located has always been an important issue in civil law. The Chain o

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Hastie, Reid, David A. Schkade, and John W. Payne. "Juror judgments in civil cases: Hindsight effects on judgments of liability for punitive damages." Law and Human Behavior 23, no. 5 (1999): 597–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1022352330466.

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Harder, Sirko. "THE EFFECTS OF RECOGNIZED FOREIGN JUDGMENTS IN CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL MATTERS." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 62, no. 2 (2013): 441–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589313000018.

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AbstractThis article investigates what effects a recognized foreign judgment in civil and commercial matters has in English proceedings. Does the judgment have the effects that it has in the foreign country (extension of effects) or the effects that a comparable English judgment would have (equalization of effects), or a combination of these? After a review of the current law, it will be discussed what approach is preferable on principle. The suggested approach will then be illustrated by considering whether a foreign decision on one legal basis of a certain claim ought to preclude English pro

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Radolović, Aldo. "Pravna znanost kao izvor građanskog prava." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 41, no. 1 (2020): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.41.1.8.

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Civil law science in civil law itself is cited as a secondary, "indirect", almost less important source of civil law. Some recent tendencies, however, say the opposite - that the science of civil law is the primary source of civil law because the judge makes judgments according to the knowledge of law acquired during his studies and in later professional career. That is why talking about the civil law science as a source of this science is also a conversation about the education of lawyers at law faculties and the extension of this process after graduation. In the Republic of Croatia at this t

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Skawiński, Franciszek. "The Outline of the Model of Appealability of First Instance Court Decisions in Civil Proceedings before the Federal Courts in the United States: A Comparative Analysis and De Lege Ferenda Suggestions." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio G (Ius) 71, no. 2 (2024): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/g.2024.71.2.131-149.

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The article aims to formulate a proposal to improve the model of appealing judgments currently operating in Polish civil proceedings on the basis of the solutions in place in federal court proceedings in the United States. With the use of the analysis of relevant statutes and secondary legislation, case law and views of legal scholars, the most important aspects of the topic were presented with comparison to the Polish civil procedure regulations. As a result of the analysis appeals as of right and by permission were distinguished, the latter not being present in Polish civil proceedings, and

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Fokas, Effie, and Dia Anagnostou. "The “Radiating Effects” of the ECtHR on Social Mobilizations Around Religion and Education in Europe: An Analytical Frame." Politics and Religion 12, S1 (2018): S9—S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048318000445.

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AbstractA growing non-legal scholarship explores the domestic implementation of international court judgments in national law and policy. Yet little attention has been paid to the indirect effects of European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) case law: namely, the ways in which its judgments may raise public consciousness, change how social actors articulate their claims, and/or prompt mobilization among civil society actors. This paper conceptualizes the significance of the indirect effects of ECtHR judgments in the domain of religion and education. Drawing on a constitutive approach to the law i

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Anagnostou, Dia, and Effie Fokas. "The "Radiating Effects" of the ECtHR on Social Mobilizations Around Religion and Education in Europe: An Analytical Frame." Politics and Religion 12, S1 (2018): 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755048318000445.

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A growing non-legal scholarship explores the domestic implementation of international court judgments in national law and policy. Yet little attention has been paid to the indirect effects of European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) case law: namely, the ways in which its judgments may raise public consciousness, change how social actors articulate their claims, and/or prompt mobilization among civil society actors. This paper conceptualizes the significance of the indirect effects of ECtHR judgments in the domain of religion and education. Drawing on a constitutive approach to the law it explai

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Jon, Wonyol. "Res Judicata of Arbitral Awards in Korea." Korea Association of the Law of Civil Procedure 28, no. 1 (2024): 261–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30639/cp.2024.2.28.1.261.

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Arbitral awards have preclusive effects, as well as national court judgments under res judicata principle, and this is stipulated in Arbitration Act of Korea. The extent of preclusive effect of court judgments, however, differs from country to country, especially between civil law jurisdictions and common law jurisdictions. The civil law jurisdictions usually preclude only the claims of the previous lawsuit to be relitigated, whereas the common law jurisdictions preclude both claims and issues of the previous lawsuit. Although preclusive effects of arbitral awards often have internationa

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De Oliveira Costa, Rafael. "Dos Direitos Tutelados pelo Direito Processual Coletivo Penal e Não Penal." DESC - Direito, Economia e Sociedade Contemporânea 6, no. 1 (2025): e011. https://doi.org/10.33389/desc.v6n1costa.

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Traditionally, the theme of interests and rights protected by class actions is treated exclusively under the non-criminal approach (administrative, civil, electoral, and labor procedures). The present study proposes a new paradigm, analyzing the interests and rights protected by class actions in a holistic way, under the penal and non-penal approaches. This is a new perspective that, using hypothetical-deductive reasoning and primary nature (judgments and laws) and secondary nature (doctrinal understandings) data, allows us to conclude that the traditional approach to legal situations protecte

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Wu, Zhihui, Xiyou Chen, Daoqun Ding, Shengqi Zou, Shenglan Li, and Xiangyi Zhang. "Effects of Primary and Secondary Psychopathy on Deontological and Utilitarian Response Tendencies: The Mediator Role of Alexithymia." Healthcare 10, no. 9 (2022): 1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091650.

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(1) Background: The purpose of this study is to provide more nuanced insights into the effects of sub-dimensional levels of psychopathy on moral dilemma judgments. To this end, this study examined the effects of primary and secondary psychopathy on utilitarian and deontological response tendencies. Moreover, this study also explored the mediating role of alexithymia as well as the moderating role of gender in these effects. (2) Methods: A total of 1227 participants were recruited through the online questionnaire service wjx.cn. After deleting unfinished questionnaires, the remaining 1170 parti

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Hastie, Reid, David A. Schkade, and John W. Payne. "Juror judgments in civil cases: Effects of plaintiff's requests and plaintiff's identity on punitive damage awards." Law and Human Behavior 23, no. 4 (1999): 445–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1022312115561.

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Wong, Jessica T., and David A. Gallo. "Activating Aging Stereotypes Increases Source Recollection Confusions in Older Adults: Effect at Encoding but Not Retrieval." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 74, no. 4 (2018): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx103.

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Abstract Objectives Activating aging stereotypes can impair older adult performance on episodic memory tasks, an effect attributed to stereotype threat. Here, we report the first study comparing the effects of explicitly activating aging stereotypes at encoding versus retrieval on recollection accuracy in older adults. Method During the encoding phase, older adults made semantic judgments about words, and during the retrieval phase, they had to recollect these judgments. To manipulate stereotype activation, participants read about aging-related decline (stereotype condition) or an aging-neutra

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Bagoly-Simó, Péter. "Von Stadt, Land, Fluss zur Nachhaltigkeitskunde: (Irr-)Wege der Ausgestaltung des Fachwissens in den Berliner Geographielehrplänen der letzten drei Jahrzehnte." Geographica Helvetica 79, no. 1 (2024): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-79-73-2024.

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Abstract. Sustainable development is of equal concern to Geography as an academic discipline and Geography Education. Given Geography's explicit conceptual and thematic affinity to sustainable development, various professional organizations developed normative documents proclaiming Geography to the main carrier subject of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). The aim of this paper is to explore what effects the special proximity of school Geography to the promotion of ESD has on the design of geographical specialist knowledge. Lower secondary Geography curricula (1992–2022) of the feder

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Anidjar, Leon Yehuda, Ori Katz, and Eyal Zamir. "Enforced Performance in Common Law Versus Civil Law Systems: An Empirical Study of a Legal Transformation." American Journal of Comparative Law 68, no. 1 (2020): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/avaa006.

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Abstract Legal systems differ about the availability of specific performance as a remedy for breach of contract. While common law systems deny specific performance in all but exceptional cases, civil law systems generally award enforcement remedies subject to some exceptions. However, there is an ongoing debate about the extent to which the practice of litigants and courts actually reflects the doctrinal divergence. An equally lively debate revolves around the normative question: Should the injured party be entitled to enforced performance or rather content itself with monetary damages? Very f

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SASISEKARAN, JAYANTHI, and CARA DONOHUE. "Effects of concurrent task demands on language planning in fluent children and adults." Applied Psycholinguistics 37, no. 6 (2015): 1311–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716415000582.

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ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to investigate how children and adults allocate cognitive resources to performing segmental encoding and monitoring in a dual-task paradigm and the response patterns of the primary and secondary tasks in the dual task. Participants were 20 children divided equally into two age groups (7–11 and 12–15 years) and 10 adults. The primary task required participants to monitor phonemic segments in a picture–written word interference paradigm while silently naming the pictures. The picture and distractor word were the same (replica), related (phoneme onset over

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Hosen, Md Arif. "The effects of socio-economic drawbacks on second language learning in Bangladesh." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, no. 2 (2021): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i2.1034.

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The Second Language (L2) research has presented vast curiosity to learners and their judgments on L2. The numerous directions of learner-focus study, however, have not been sufficient to emphasize the learning experiences of learners in relation to their social and economic context, particularly in third world countries. This research explores the perspectives and experiences of school learners in second language learning in the peripheries of Bangladesh. In addition, this research demonstrates how socio-economic drawbacks of students’ family affect their English subject scores in secondary sc

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Chyla, Łukasz. "Problem prejudycjalnego związania sądu polubownego wyrokami sądów powszechnych i polubownych." Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne 21 (October 4, 2017): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.21.5.

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Legal effects of prejudicial awards in arbitral proceedingsThe aim of the article is to present a highly controversial issue whether the legal effects of prejudicial awards of either common court or arbitration court shall be binding for another arbitration tribunal resolving the same dispute between the same parties. This issue is broadly disputable, essentially after the Polish Supreme Court delivered two contrary judgments regarding this matter. Arguably, it remains unclear whether art. 365 of the Polish Code of Civil Procedure is applicable not only to common courts but also to arbitration

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Han, Jun, and Hun-Tong Tan. "Investors' Reactions to Management Guidance Forms: The Influence of Multiple Benchmarks." Accounting Review 82, no. 2 (2007): 521–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2007.82.2.521.

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In this study, we investigate underlying mechanisms for the effects of management guidance forms on investors' judgments. We do so by comparing effects of point and range guidance with those associated with a hybrid management guidance form that combines the attributes of both point and range guidance. With respect to investors' earnings reestimates made after actual earnings announcements, we find that both the number and type of benchmarks associated with the guidance forms matter. High-knowledge investors use both primary (explicitly stated) and secondary (implicitly stated) benchmarks, whe

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Miązek, Michalina. "Występek uprowadzenia osoby małoletniej lub nieporadnej na tle regulacji międzynarodowych." Zbliżenia Cywilizacyjne 16, no. 1 (2020): 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21784/zc.2020.003.

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International regulations provide comprehensive and sufficient protection against cross-border abductions and detentions. Among the most important international law instruments is the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. (The Hague, 25th October 1980) This international agreement allows protection for victims of the crime in question against its negative effects. In addition, the Convention guarantees the immediate return of the unlawfully abducted or detained to the country of permanent residence. Among the discussed international law documents, the Council Regula

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Bikelis, Skirmantas, Darius Pranka, and Goda Dainauskaitė. "Penal Vs. Confiscation-Only Approaches in Money Laundering Control." Baltic Journal of Law & Politics 17, no. 2 (2024): 188–206. https://doi.org/10.2478/bjlp-2024-00021.

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Abstract This article examines two primary approaches to money laundering control: traditional penal and confiscation-focused approaches. These approaches are evaluated based on their potential in confiscating criminal proceeds and deterring effects. Data from recent Lithuanian money laundering proceedings enriches this analysis. The data encompasses discontinued pre-trial investigations, final court judgments in criminal proceedings, and court decisions in civil proceedings against suspicious assets arising from discontinued pre-trial investigations. The research reveals limited success and m

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Macxel, Albus Samuel. "The Administrative Authority of Belgian Law in the Europe Modern Political’s Perspective." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 6, no. 2 (2023): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v6i2.31184.

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This research aims to know that since 1831, the Belgian Constitution allows courts to not apply unlawful administrative acts. This power, established as an obligation by the Supreme Court of Appeal, is called “plea of illegality”, and is guaranteed by Article 159 of the Constitution, which states that “the courts and tribunals shall not apply the provincial and local decrees and general regulations, until they comply with the laws. This research used library/literature research technic. The administrative high court also has the jurisdiction to issue non-binding opinions on the preliminary dra

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Olaru, Ioana. "Pactele asupra unei succesiuni viitoare - 150 de ani de singurătate." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Iurisprudentia 65, no. 4 (2021): 750–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbiur.65(2020).4.22.

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This article examines the agreements as to succession from a historical perspective and in the context of the particular effects given by the Regulation (EU) no. 650/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of judgments and acceptance and enforcement of authentic instruments in matters of succession and on the creation of a European Certificate of Succession. The article aims to establish the content and the admissibility of these agreements in successions having cross-border implications that are governed by

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Murray, Laura L., Audrey L. Holland, and Pelagie M. Beeson. "Auditory Processing in Individuals With Mild Aphasia." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 4 (1997): 792–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4004.792.

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This study examined the effects of lesion location (frontal vs. posterior) and nature of distraction (nonverbal vs. verbal secondary, competing task) on mildly aphasic individuals’ performances of listening tasks that required semantic judgments and lexical decisions under isolation, focused attention, and divided attention conditions. Despite comparable accuracy among all groups during isolation conditions, the aphasic groups responded less accurately and more slowly than the normal control group during focused and divided attention conditions. Generally, the two aphasic groups performed simi

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Harasimiuk, Dominika Ewa. "Rainbow families’ rights in the EU – how the Court of Justice of the European Union is juggling fundamental rights, free movement and national identity clause." Stosunki Międzynarodowe – International Relations 5 (February 12, 2025): 4. https://doi.org/10.12688/stomiedintrelat.17916.1.

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Background The goal of this article is to analyse the multilevel judicial system within the EU in the context of the preliminary procedures relating to the issues of same-sex family rights. During the past six years, the CJEU has dealt with major cases touching upon the intersection of fundamental rights (respect for private and family life), EU citizenship law on free movement, and the respect of national/constitutional identity which is guaranteed under art. 4.2 TUE. The common feature of the cases in Coman (C-673/16), VMA (C-490/20) and RPO (C-2/21) is the attempt of EU citizens to challeng

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Abidin, Zainal, Hanif Hanif, and Indrayani Indrayani. "B3 Waste Management From the View of Civil Law." Proceedings of Malikussaleh International Conference on Law, Legal Studies and Social Science (MICoLLS) 2 (December 27, 2022): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/micolls.v2i.89.

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Environmental problems are essentially ecological problems. The core of environmental problems is the reciprocal relationship between living things and their environment. Therefore, wise development (especially in the environmental field) must be based on environmental insight as a means to achieve sustainability and become a guarantee for the welfare of present and future generations. carried out by companies or legal entities in addition to bringing positive effects, can also bring negative effects such as pollution or environmental destruction. This research is a normative legal research,wh

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Liu, Hua, Elizabeth Bates, Tracy Powell, and Beverly Wulfeck. "Single-word shadowing and the study of lexical access." Applied Psycholinguistics 18, no. 2 (1997): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400009954.

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ABSTRACTA new procedure called single-word shadowing was applied to the study of lexical access in context. Subjects listened to word pairs or sentences recorded in one voice and were asked to repeat the target word signaled by a voice shift. This technique yielded rapid and robust priming effects in normal adult subjects in word pairs and in a sentence context. Regression analyses showed that the semantic priming effects were large and significant, even when several additional factors believed to affect lexical access were controlled. Evidence was found for robust semantic priming in the heal

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Davis, James H., Lorne Hulbert, Wing Tung Au, Xiao-ping Chen, and Paul Zarnoth. "Effects of group size and procedural influence on consensual judgments of quantity: The examples of damage awards and mock civil juries." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73, no. 4 (1997): 703–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.703.

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Rasouli, Soora, and Harry Timmermans. "Judgments of travel experiences, activity envelopes, trip features and multi-tasking: A panel effects regression model specification." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 63 (May 2014): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2014.02.012.

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Xia, Jianghao. "The Best Interests of the Child Principle in Residence Disputes after Parental Divorce in China." International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 34, no. 2 (2020): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/lawfam/ebaa001.

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Abstract This article analyses how the best interests of the child principle have been implemented in residence disputes following a parental divorce in China. In doing so, it will analyse the Chinese Marriage Law 2001 and the Specific Opinions on Child-upbringing Issues after Parental Divorce, drawing on an empirical study conducted by the author involving 300 litigated cases over residence disputes in courts. This study shows that the continuity of circumstances and the abilities of each of the parents are used as the primary and secondary criteria for residence judgments, respectively. And

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Wang, Daniel W. L. "Courts and health care rationing: the case of the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court." Health Economics, Policy and Law 8, no. 1 (2012): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133112000291.

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AbstractThe recognition that access to health care is a constitutional right in Brazil has resulted in a situation in which citizens denied treatments by the public health care system have brought lawsuits against health authorities, claiming that their right to health was violated. This litigation forces the courts to decide between a patient-centred and a population-centred approach to public health – a choice that forces the courts to assess health care rationing decisions. This article analyses the judgments of the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court in right to health cases, arguing that the

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Ashraf, Zahida. "THE POLITICIZATION OF THE JUDICIARY DURING ZIA-UL-HAQ’S ERA: A PATH TO LEGITIMACY." Academic Journal Research 3, no. 2 (2025): 159–72. https://doi.org/10.61796/acjoure.v3i2.351.

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Objective: This study investigates the role of the judiciary during General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq’s military regime (1977–1988), focusing on how judicial institutions were instrumentalised to legitimise authoritarian rule, suppress political opposition, and implement an Islamisation agenda. Method: Employing a qualitative historical-analytical approach, the research critically analyses primary legal documents, constitutional amendments, and landmark court judgments from the Zia era, complemented by secondary scholarly sources. Results: The findings reveal a strategic transformation of Pakistan's

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van Marle, C., and C. Kranenburg. "Effects of Gravity Currents in Circular Secondary Clarifiers." Journal of Environmental Engineering 120, no. 4 (1994): 943–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1994)120:4(943).

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Jategaonkar, Ravi, and Leslie G. Jaeger. "Secondary effects of intermediate diaphragms in beam-and-slab bridges." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 4 (1988): 644–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-086.

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The effect of intermediate diaphragms on the distribution of longitudinal bending moments in beam-and-slab bridges has been studied previously. In the present paper, that work is extended so as to cover the effect of such diaphragms on transverse moments, shear forces, and support reactions.A method is developed which uses two non-dimensional parameters. The method enables the designer to obtain the necessary design information for bridges having any number of intermediate diaphragms of widely different stiffnesses, without having to do a separate analysis for each case. Key words: beam-and-sl

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Maxatov, Nurzhan, Margulan Bekturganov, and Nataliia Petrenko. "CIVIL PROCEDURE AND ECTHR JURISPRUDENCE: ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS AND AZERBAIJAN’S EXPERIENCE." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 11, no. 1 (2025): 342–49. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2025-11-1-342-349.

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This article examines the economic implications of European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) jurisprudence on civil procedural law, focusing on Azerbaijan as a case study. The study explores how ECtHR decisions have influenced legislative reforms and judicial practice in Azerbaijan, and analyzes the effects on economic efficiency, investment attractiveness, financial costs, and the stability of the legal framework. Since joining the Council of Europe and adopting the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), Azerbaijan has undertaken numerous judicial reforms to align its civil procedure with E

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Trzaskowski, Roman. "SKUTKI PRAWNE ORZECZEŃ TRYBUNAŁU KONSTYTUCYJNEGO W UJĘCIU CZASOWYM." Zeszyty Prawnicze 3, no. 2 (2017): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2003.3.2.14.

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Effects of Constitutional Tribunal’s Judgments in the Time PerspectiveSummaryThe problem of the time effects of the Constitutional Tribunal’s rulings remain within the area of interest of both constitutional and civil law scholars. It is widely discussed because of its enormous practical importance: more and more often the common courts and the Supreme Court have to deal with the laws which have been declared unconstitutional.The main question is whether the courts should apply the unconstitutional law while deciding on a case in which legally significant events had taken place before the law

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Chen, Xingyu, Fang Qiu, Haojun Tang, Yongle Li, and Xinyu Xu. "Effects of Secondary Elements on Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Streamlined Box Girder." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 1 (2020): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-0035-0.

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Chatterjee, Subhasish, and John F. Carney. "Passenger Train Crashworthiness—Secondary Collisions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1531, no. 1 (1996): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153100102.

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Secondary collisions in passenger train crashes are considered and a companion paper dealing with primary collisions is followed up. The effects of crash pulse magnitude and duration, occupant flail distance, and the nature of the impacted surface are considered. The constitutive relationship for a Hybrid III dummy head satisfying the peak acceleration requirements of FMVSS208 is developed and used with the crash victim simulator MADYMO to investigate the impact response of train passengers seated in a unidirectional layout. It is shown that the design of the coach shell and the interior have

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Walton, John C., and Charles B. Anker. "Secondary Effects of Soil Venting and Potential Low-Cost Enhancements." Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation 16, no. 3 (1996): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1996.tb00144.x.

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Kallel-Kamoun, I., A. Chateauminois, and F. Sidoroff. "Secondary effects in the analysis of the post-buckling bending test." Composite Structures 50, no. 1 (2000): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-8223(00)00086-6.

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Arai, Katsuhiko. "Relationship between Time Effects in Triaxial Test and Secondary Compression." Soils and Foundations 34, no. 3 (1994): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.34.3_59.

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Cederman, Lars-Erik, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, Idean Salehyan, and Julian Wucherpfennig. "Transborder Ethnic Kin and Civil War." International Organization 67, no. 2 (2013): 389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818313000064.

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AbstractA series of studies has shown that civil wars are caused not only by factors inside countries, but also by effects operating across state borders. Whereas a first wave of quantitative studies demonstrated that such effects make the “closed-polity” assumption untenable, more recently researchers have identified particular causal mechanisms driving conflict. Despite these recent advances, a central puzzle remains unresolved, namely why ethnic groups that at least in theory could count on support from large transborder ethnic kin (TEK) groups often have remained surprisingly peaceful, suc

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Humphrey, Dana N., and Lynn E. Katz. "Water-Quality Effects of Tire Shreds Placed Above the Water Table: Five-Year Field Study." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1714, no. 1 (2000): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1714-03.

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A field trial was constructed beneath a secondary state highway in North Yarmouth, Maine, to investigate the water-quality effects of tire shred fills placed above the groundwater table. Samples were collected in three 3-m2 geomembrane-lined basins located beneath the shoulder of the road. Two of the basins are overlaid by 0.61 m of tire shreds with a 75-mm maximum size topped by 0.72 to 1.37 m of granular soil. The third basin serves as a control and is overlaid by only 0.72 m of granular soil. Quarterly samples for inorganic constituents were taken from January 1994 through June 1999. In add

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Katić, Nikolina, Matea Bašić, and Morana Briški. "Right of Access to Supreme Courts in Light of the Guarantees under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (civil aspect)." Croatian International Relations Review 24, no. 81 (2018): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cirr-2018-0004.

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Abstract Right of access to a court, enshrined in Article 6 § 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms forms one of the basis for reinforcement of the principle of rule of law. However, the right of access to a court may be limited by provisions of national legislation regulating the functioning of the judicial system and rules of judicial procedure. The higher the hierarchy of the court, the more limits may be placed on the right of access to it. The aim of this article is to examine the different modalities of organisation of supreme judiciaries in European count

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Ricketts, Todd, and Paula Henry. "Low-Frequency Gain Compensation in Directional Hearing Aids." American Journal of Audiology 11, no. 1 (2002): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889(2002/006).

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Hearing aids currently available on the market with both omnidirectional and directional microphone modes often have reduced amplification in the low frequencies when in directional microphone mode due to better phase matching. The effects of this low-frequency gain reduction for individuals with hearing loss in the low frequencies was of primary interest. Changes in sound quality for quiet listening environments following gain compensation in the low frequencies was of secondary interest. Thirty participants were fit with bilateral in-the-ear hearing aids, which were programmed in three ways

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Liu, Shaodong, Shuxian Liu, Shasha Lu, Fenghai Ma, and Ge Pei. "Seismic Behaviour of Shallow Tunnelling Method Tunnels Accounting for Primary Lining Effects." Buildings 13, no. 1 (2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010020.

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The shallow tunnelling method (STM) is usually used to construct shallow tunnels buried in soft ground. It consists of primary lining and secondary lining (tunnel). In the seismic design of STM tunnels, it is usually assumed that the secondary lining (tunnel) is resistant to all seismic effects. However, the soil–primary–secondary lining system may generate complex interaction phenomena during ground shaking. Compared with the case where the primary lining is not considered, the existence of the primary lining alters the seismic response of the secondary lining (tunnel). The paper attempts to

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Budhiawan, A., T. Kamello, N. N. Sirait, and H. Purba. "Cancellation Standard of Agreements Based on the Doctrine of Undue Influence in Court Verdicts." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 4 (2020): 3445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i4.1381.

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The doctrine of undue influnce has now become one of the new grounds of will defect to cancel the agreement or contract in the court’s practices. Undue influence as a condition of will defect is not set out in the Civil Code. This study discusses the cancellation standard of the agreement due to a defect of will be based on the doctrine of undue influence in the court judgments. The research method is a normative juridical through several approaches: doctrinal approach and theoretical approach that are associated with secondary data in the form of statutory provisions, and court verdicts relat

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Plano, Stephen, Lisa L. Zeimer, Sarah Williamson, David Smith, and Joseph DiMisa. "Secondary and Cumulative Effects of Replacing the Woodrow Wilson Bridge: Process and Conclusions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1756, no. 1 (2001): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1756-09.

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Michopoulou, Eleni. "Living Happily in the Era of COVID-19: Philosophical and Positive Psychology Intervention in Secondary Education." Conatus 7, no. 2 (2022): 193–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.31765.

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In the coronavirus pandemic crisis, the mental well-being of adolescents was significantly burdened and, in this context, an innovative school intervention program was applied and its effect was investigated. The program involved a structured 11-weeks-long psycho-educational intervention on a sample of 11 Greek high school students (aged 16-17 years), combining principles of Epicurean and Stoic Philosophy with Positive Psychology techniques, aiming at promoting their mental well-being and the effective management of the psychological effects of the pandemic crisis. A qualitative methodology wa

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