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Journal articles on the topic 'Secondary voltage control'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Lopera-Mazo, Edwin H., and Jairo Espinosa. "Secondary voltage regulation based on average voltage control." TecnoLógicas 21, no. 42 (2018): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22430/22565337.779.

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This paper compares a conventional Secondary Voltage Regulation (SVR) scheme based on pilot nodes with a proposed SVR that takes into account average voltages of control zones. Voltage control significance for the operation of power systems has promoted several strategies in order to deal with this problem. However, the Hierarchical Voltage Control System (HVCS) is the only scheme effectively implemented with some relevant applications into real power systems.The HVCS divides the voltage control problem into three recognized stages. Among them, the SVR is responsible for managing reactive powe

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2

Gubina, F., and J. Curk. "Decentralized Secondary Voltage Control." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 28, no. 10 (1995): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)51549-9.

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3

Popović, Dragan S. "Impact of secondary voltage control on voltage stability." Electric Power Systems Research 40, no. 1 (1997): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7796(96)01136-4.

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4

KISLYAKOV, Maxim A., Kirill K. KRUTIKOV, and Vyacheslav V. ROZHKOV. "Controlling a Direct Matrix Frequency Converter of Secondary Power Supply Sources for Autonomous Objects." Elektrichestvo 7, no. 7 (2021): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2021-7-41-50.

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A version of using "sliding modes" in performing discontinuous control of dynamic objects for matrix frequency converters (MFC) as part of an on-board aircraft network is proposed. Unlike the way used in the existing MFC control algorithms, the sinusoidal voltages available in the primary network are processed according to the proposed modernized technology of "sliding modes". The level of discontinuous voltages is selected from the condition of minimum deviations from the target, which has a favorable effect on the spectrum of output voltages. On the selected time interval, the input primary

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5

Liu, Jiayu, Min Tang, Jian Zhou, Qiqi Zhang, and Luyuan Zhang. "A novel distributed secondary voltage control method for AC microgrids based on voltage observer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2237, no. 1 (2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2237/1/012019.

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Abstract Since the islanded AC Microgrid is affected by the impedance of line, it is difficult to coordinate the voltage regulation and reactive load distribution. A distributed secondary voltage controller based on observer is proposed for isolated AC Microgrids, and it does not need more voltage communications. This method can guarantee the estimated average voltage equals to average of actual output voltages that can converge to the nominal values, and realize accurate proportional load sharing in a microgrid. Then, the convergence of the voltage observer is proved. Finally, the proposed co

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6

Thorp, J. S., M. Ilic-Spong, and M. Varghese. "An optimal secondary voltage-VAR control technique." Automatica 22, no. 2 (1986): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(86)90083-x.

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7

Ilic-Spong, M., J. Christensen, and K. L. Eichorn. "Secondary voltage control using pilot point information." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 3, no. 2 (1988): 660–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.192920.

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8

Ilic, M. D., Xiaojun Liu, G. Leung, M. Athans, C. Vialas, and P. Pruvot. "Improved secondary and new tertiary voltage control." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 10, no. 4 (1995): 1851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.476050.

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9

Conejo, A., T. Gómez, and J. I. de la Fuente. "Pilot-bus selection for secondary voltage control." European Transactions on Electrical Power 3, no. 5 (2007): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.4450030507.

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10

Abdalla, Omar H., Hady H. Fayek, and A. M. Abdel Ghany. "Secondary Voltage Control Application in a Smart Grid with 100% Renewables." Inventions 5, no. 3 (2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions5030037.

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This paper presents secondary voltage control by extracting reactive power from renewable power technologies to control load buses voltage in a power system at different operating conditions. The study is performed on a 100% renewable 14-bus system. Active and reactive powers controls are considered based on grid codes of countries with high penetration levels of renewable energy technologies. A pilot bus is selected in order to implement the secondary voltage control. The selection is based on short-circuit calculation and sensitivity analysis. An optimal Proportional Integral Derivative (PID

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11

Li, Tie, Xiaohe Liang, Feng Jiang, et al. "Adaptive Dynamic Grid Partitioning for Reactive-Power/Voltage Control Based on Secondary Voltage Control." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 300 (August 9, 2019): 042109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/300/4/042109.

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12

da Silva, Rui Jovita G. C., A. C. Zambroni de Souza, Rafael C. Leme, and Dabit Sonoda. "Decentralized secondary voltage control using voltage drop compensator among power plants." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 47 (May 2013): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.10.009.

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13

Shi, Jing, Dong Yue, and Shengxuan Weng. "Distributed event-triggered mechanism for secondary voltage control with microgrids." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 6 (2018): 1553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331218770715.

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This paper presents a secondary voltage control scheme with a distributed event-triggered mechanism for multiple distributed generators in droop-controlled microgrids. First, considering the issue of limited bandwidth of a communication network in a practical application, two types of distributed event-triggered mechanisms are proposed to reduce the information transmission pressure, while preserving the desired control performance. Then, based on the proposed triggering schemes, distributed secondary controllers are designed for distributed generators. Finally, simulation results demonstrate

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14

Chen, Meng, and Xiangning Xiao. "Secondary voltage control in islanded microgrids using event-triggered control." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 12, no. 8 (2018): 1872–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.0698.

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15

Savaghebi, Mehdi, Alireza Jalilian, Juan C. Vasquez, and Josep M. Guerrero. "Secondary Control for Voltage Quality Enhancement in Microgrids." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 3, no. 4 (2012): 1893–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2205281.

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16

Su, Heng-Yi, and Chih-Wen Liu. "An Adaptive PMU-Based Secondary Voltage Control Scheme." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 4, no. 3 (2013): 1514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2013.2272583.

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17

Paul, J. P., and J. Y. Leost. "Improvements of the Secondary Voltage Control in France." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 20, no. 6 (1987): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)59206-x.

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18

Gómez, T., A. Conejo, J. I. de la Fuente, F. L. Pagola, and C. J. Rehn. "Decentralized Secondary Voltage Control and Pilot Bus Selection." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 25, no. 1 (1992): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)50473-5.

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19

Santos, M. V., A. C. Zambroni de Souza, B. I. L. Lopes, and D. Marujo. "Secondary voltage control system based on fuzzy logic." Electric Power Systems Research 119 (February 2015): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2014.10.022.

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20

Gubina, F., and J. Curk. "Modular secondary voltage control based on local information." European Transactions on Electrical Power 7, no. 3 (2007): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.4450070305.

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21

Mohamed, Ghazzali, Haloua Mohamed, and Giri Fouad. "Fixed-time observer-based distributed secondary voltage and frequency control of islanded AC microgrids." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (2020): 4522–33. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp4522-4533.

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This paper deals with the problem of voltage and frequency control of distributed generators (DGs) in AC islanded microgrids. The main motivation of this work is to obviate the shortcomings of conventional centralized and distributed control of micro- grids by providing a better alternative control strategy with better control performance than state-of-the art approaches. A distributed secondary control protocol based on a novel fixed-time observer-based feedback control method is designed for fixed-time frequency and voltage reference tracking and disturbance rejection. Compared to the existi

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22

Hai Feng Wang, H. Li, and H. Chen. "Coordinated secondary voltage control to eliminate voltage violations in power system contingencies." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 18, no. 2 (2003): 588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2003.810896.

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23

Popovic, D. S. "Voltage reactive security analysis in power systems with automatic secondary voltage control." IEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution 141, no. 3 (1994): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-gtd:19949744.

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24

Abdalla, Omar H., Hady H. Fayek, and Abdel Ghany M. Abdel Ghany. "Secondary and Tertiary Voltage Control of a Multi-Region Power System." Electricity 1, no. 1 (2020): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electricity1010003.

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This paper presents techniques for the application of tertiary and secondary voltage control through the use of intelligent proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers and the wide area measurement system (WAMS) in the IEEE 39 bus system (New England system). The paper includes power system partitioning, pilot bus selection, phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement, and optimal secondary voltage control parameter calculations to enable the application of the proposed voltage control. The power system simulation and analyses were performed using the DIgSILENT and MATLAB software applicati

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25

Chiodo, Elio, Pasquale Di Palma, Maurizio Fantauzzi, Davide Lauria, Fabio Mottola, and Domenico Villacci. "Linear Quadratic Gaussian Integral Control for Secondary Voltage Regulation." Energies 18, no. 1 (2024): 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010004.

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In this paper, the voltage regulation in power systems is addressed from the perspective of the modern paradigm of control logic supported by phasor measurement units. The information available from measurements is used to better adapt the regulation actions to the actual operation point of the system. The use of the online measurement data allows for identifying the sensitivity matrix and for improving the regulation performances with respect to the fast load variations that increasingly affect modern power systems. With the aim of estimating the sensitivity matrices, a preliminary action is

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26

Deng, Junli, Yuan Mao, and Yun Yang. "Distribution Power Loss Reduction of Standalone DC Microgrids Using Adaptive Differential Evolution-Based Control for Distributed Battery Systems." Energies 13, no. 9 (2020): 2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092129.

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With high penetrations of renewable energy sources (RES), distributed battery systems (DBS) are widely adopted in standalone DC microgrids to stabilize the bus voltages by balancing the active power. This paper presents an Adaptive Differential Evolution (ADE)-based hierarchical control for DBS to achieve online distribution power loss mitigation as well as bus voltage regulations in standalone DC microgrids. The hierarchical control comprises two layers, i.e., ADE for the secondary layer and local proportional-integral (PI) control for the primary layer. The secondary layer control provides t

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27

Jasim, Ali M., Basil H. Jasim, Vladimír Bureš, and Peter Mikulecký. "A New Decentralized Robust Secondary Control for Smart Islanded Microgrids." Sensors 22, no. 22 (2022): 8709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228709.

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Dealing with the islanded operation of a microgrid (MG), the micro sources must cooperate autonomously to regulate the voltage and frequency of the local power grid. Droop controller-based primary control is a method typically used to self-regulate voltage and frequency. The first problem of the droop method is that in a steady state, the microgrid’s frequency and voltage deviate from their nominal values. The second concerns the power-sharing issue related to mismatched power line impedances between Distribution Generators (DGs) and MGs. A Secondary Control Unit (SCU) must be used as a high-l

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28

Escobar, Eros D., Tatiana Manrique, and Idi A. Isaac. "Campus Microgrid Data-Driven Model Identification and Secondary Voltage Control." Energies 15, no. 21 (2022): 7846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217846.

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Microgrids deal with challenges presented by intermittent distributed generation, electrical faults and mode transition. To address these issues, to understand their static and dynamic behavior, and to develop control systems, it is necessary to reproduce their stable operation and transient response through mathematical models. This paper presents a data-driven low-order model identification methodology applied to voltage characterization in a photovoltaic system of a real campus microgrid for secondary voltage regulation. First, a literature review is presented focusing on secondary voltage

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29

Romero, Monica E., and Maria M. Seron. "Ultimate Boundedness of Voltage Droop Control With Distributed Secondary Control Loops." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 10, no. 4 (2019): 4107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2849583.

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30

Lasabi, Olanrewaju, Andrew Swanson, Leigh Jarvis, Mohamed Khan, and Anuoluwapo Aluko. "Hybrid Metaheuristic Secondary Distributed Control Technique for DC Microgrids." Sustainability 16, no. 17 (2024): 7750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16177750.

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Islanded DC microgrids are poised to become a crucial component in the advancement of smart energy systems. They achieve this by effectively and seamlessly integrating multiple renewable energy resources to meet specific load requirements through droop control, which ensures fair distribution of load current across the distributed energy resources (DERs). Employing droop control usually results in a DC bus voltage drop. This article introduces a secondary distributed control approach aimed at concurrently achieving current distribution among the DERs and regulating the voltage of the DC bus. T

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31

Shilpa Kaila. "Secondary Control Strategies in the DC Microgrids." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 3 (2024): 2130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.4011.

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Now, DC microgrids have become more popular for several reasons, including the lack of issues related to reactive power and frequency control, the direct integration of energy storage devices and solar photovoltaic, and the higher utilization of DC loads. A DC microgrid using several sources (distributed generation) is a popular research area. The main issue in such a DC microgrid is to provide good voltage regulation and proportional power sharing among all sources. Control strategy is very important to solve the above issue in order to maintain the reliability and stability of DC microgrids.

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32

Wan, Xiaofeng, Ye Tian, Jingwan Wu, Xiaohua Ding, and Huipeng Tu. "Distributed Event-Triggered Secondary Recovery Control for Islanded Microgrids." Electronics 10, no. 15 (2021): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151749.

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Distributed cooperative control methods are widely used in the islanded microgrid control system. To solve the deviation of frequency and voltage caused by the droop control, it is necessary to recovery the frequency and voltage to the rated value using a secondary control strategy. However, the traditional communication method relies on the continuous periodic one, which makes the communication burden of the islanded microgrid system heavy and conflicts with the actual operation of the power grid. Using the secondary recovery control method based on the distributed event-triggered method, we

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33

Xiao, Hongfei, Guangyu Liu, Jinfeng Huang, Shuaiqing Hou, and Ling Zhu. "Parameterized and centralized secondary voltage control for autonomous microgrids." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 135 (February 2022): 107531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107531.

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34

Stankovic, A., M. Ilic, and D. Maratukulam. "Recent results in secondary voltage control of power systems." IEEE Power Engineering Review 11, no. 2 (1991): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1991.88723.

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35

Su, Heng-Yi, Feng-Ming Kang, and Chih-Wen Liu. "Transmission Grid Secondary Voltage Control Method Using PMU Data." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 9, no. 4 (2018): 2908–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2016.2623302.

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36

Stankovic, A., M. Ilic, and D. Maratukulam. "Recent results in secondary voltage control of power systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 6, no. 1 (1991): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.131051.

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37

Ma, Zixiao, Zhaoyu Wang, Yifei Guo, Yuxuan Yuan, and Hao Chen. "Nonlinear Multiple Models Adaptive Secondary Voltage Control of Microgrids." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 12, no. 1 (2021): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3023307.

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38

Curk, J., and F. Gubina. "Highly Decentralized Solution of the Secondary Voltage Control Problem." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 30, no. 17 (1997): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)46387-7.

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39

Bhambri, Sameer, Vivek Shrivastava, and Manoj Kumawat. "A Case Study on Corrective Measures of Secondary Control Assisted Microgrids." International Energy Journal 25, no. 1A (2025): 153. https://doi.org/10.64289/iej.25.01a05.1113158.

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Flexibility and efficiency are the qualities of microgrids which are associated with power delivery and intended to create a system which can adapt to changes in distributed generation output and load demand in an effective and timely way, without sacrificing stability or performance. In order to maintain the power quality requirements, microgrid control solutions should be reliable enough to operate both independently and in conjunction with the utility power network. The paper proposes secondary layer control function in the control hierarchy of microgrid and mechanism behind its implementat

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40

Abdalla, Omar H., and Hady H. Fayek. "WAMS-Based Fuzzy Logic PID Secondary Voltage Control of the Egyptian Grid." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (2023): 3338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043338.

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This paper presents the application of fuzzy logic PID secondary voltage control to the Egyptian power system model. The study included tertiary voltage control, Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) configuration, a selection of pilot buses, and fuzzy logic PID secondary voltage control to improve the system performance. The secondary voltage control was applied using a fuzzy PID coordinated controller, a reactive power integral controller, Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVRs), and regional generators. The tertiary voltage control was implemented based on the optimal power flow to maximize the r

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41

Jasim, Ali M., Basil H. Jasim, Flah Aymen, Hossam Kotb, and Ahmed Althobaiti. "Consensus-Based Intelligent Distributed Secondary Control for Multiagent Islanded Microgrid." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2023 (February 15, 2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6812351.

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Isolated microgrids (MGs) face challenges in performance stability and active/reactive power sharing as a result of frequency/voltage deviations and mismatched line impedance issues. In this paper, a consensus-based multiagent system (MAS) is proposed as a solution to restore voltage/frequency deviations and enable true power sharing. The invention of an Intelligent Distributed Secondary Control Scheme (IDSCS) can efficiently achieve hoped-for outcomes. The proposed IDSCS features estimation and compensation sublayers. For the estimation sublayer, discrete dynamic consensus algorithm-based sta

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42

Wang, Yijun, Jiaju Shi, Nan Ma, et al. "An Improved Secondary Control Strategy for Dynamic Boundary Microgrids toward Resilient Distribution Systems." Energies 17, no. 7 (2024): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17071731.

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In order to achieve the flexible and efficient utilization of distributed energy resources, microgrids (MGs) can enhance the self-healing capability of distribution systems. Conventional primary droop control in microgrids exhibits deviations in voltage and frequency and lacks research on voltage–frequency control during network reconfiguration. Therefore, this paper investigates the control strategy of secondary control for voltage and frequency during the process of reconstructing distribution networks to operate in the form of microgrids after faults. Firstly, the mathematical model of thre

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43

Sheikh Abdullah, Sheikh Kamar Bin, M. K. N. M. Sarmin, N. Saadun, M. T. Azmi, I. Z. Abidin, and I. Musirin. "New Generator and Shunt Reactive Power Control Based Secondary Voltage Control Approach." International Review of Automatic Control (IREACO) 9, no. 4 (2016): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/ireaco.v9i4.9113.

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44

Spremić, Siniša, and Dušan Obradović. "Korekcija određivanja položaja regulacione preklopke iz struja i napona primara i sekundara po snimljenim vrednostima pojedinačnog transformatora." Energija, ekonomija, ekologija XXIII, no. 4 (2021): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/eee21-4.78s.

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The paper considers the possibility of direct error correction when determining the position of the control switch from the primary and secondary voltages of individual transformers that have a larger number of recorded measured values of voltage and current in a smaller or larger load range. The direct correction builds on the previously performed error correction from the voltage drop on the transformer impedance, which is used to calculate the position of the control switch using voltage. Direct correction is performed by determining the mean value of all points and then subtracting the det

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45

Aluko, Anuoluwapo, Andrew Swanson, Leigh Jarvis, and David Dorrell. "Modeling and Stability Analysis of Distributed Secondary Control Scheme for Stand-Alone DC Microgrid Applications." Energies 15, no. 15 (2022): 5411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155411.

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Stand-alone DC microgrids have multiple distributed generation (DG) sources that meet the required demand (load) by using droop control to achieve load (current) sharing between the DGs. The use of droop control leads to a voltage drop at the DC bus. This paper presents a distributed secondary control scheme to simultaneously ensure current sharing between the DGs and regulate the DC bus voltage. The proposed control scheme eliminates the voltage deviation and ensures balanced current sharing by combining the voltage and current errors in the designed secondary control loop. A new flight-based

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46

Popović, D. S., V. A. Levi, and Z. A. Gorečan. "Co-ordination of emergency secondary-voltage control and load shedding to prevent voltage instability." IEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution 144, no. 3 (1997): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-gtd:19970865.

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47

Popovic, D. S., and Z. A. Gorecan. "Emergency assist mode of the coordinated secondary voltage control in case of voltage instability." European Transactions on Electrical Power 7, no. 2 (2007): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.4450070209.

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48

Dong, Jiawei, Chunyang Gong, Jun Bao, Lihua Zhu, Yuanjun Hou, and Zhixin Wang. "Secondary-Frequency and Voltage-Regulation Control of Multi-Parallel Inverter Microgrid System." Energies 15, no. 22 (2022): 8533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228533.

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As an important form of distributed renewable energy utilization and consumption, the multi-parallel inverter microgrid system works in both an isolated and grid-connected operation mode. Secondary-frequency and voltage-regulation control are very important in solving problems that appears in these systems, such as the distributed secondary-frequency regulation real-time scheme, voltage and reactive power balancing, and the secondary-frequency regulation control under the disturbances and unbalanced conditions of a microgrid system. This paper introduces key technologies related to these issue

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49

Li, Bin, Xiangxiang Gong, Dandan Hu, Qingxuan Wang, and Hao Wang. "Distributed cooperative secondary voltage regulation control of virtual synchronous generator." Electric Power Systems Research 236 (November 2024): 110911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110911.

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50

Borghetti, Alberto, Riccardo Bottura, Marina Barbiroli, and Carlo Alberto Nucci. "Synchrophasors-Based Distributed Secondary Voltage/VAR Control via Cellular Network." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 8, no. 1 (2017): 262–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2016.2606885.

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