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Academic literature on the topic 'Sécrétases de la protéine précurseur de l'amyloïde'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sécrétases de la protéine précurseur de l'amyloïde"
Gomes, Vanessa. "Genetic Markers for Alzheimer's Disease." Journal of Student Science and Technology 8, no. 2 (September 4, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.13034/jsst.v1i1.62.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Sécrétases de la protéine précurseur de l'amyloïde"
Lessard, Christian. "Étude sur la régulation et de la voie moléculaire de la Béta-sécrétase et de préséniline." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21906.
Full textProulx, Marie-Claude. "Identification de facteurs régulant le complexe γ-sécrétase dans le contexte de la maladie d'alzheimer." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19313.
Full textItkin, Anna. "Etude pluridisciplinaire de peptides liés à la maladie d'Alzheimer: de la protéine précurseur de l'amyloïde (APP) aux oligomères de beta-amyloïde et aux inhibiteurs de gamma-sécrétase." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209705.
Full textLes propriétés conformationnelles du segment transmembranaire (TM) de l’APP peuvent affecter sa protéolyse par la γ-sécrétase. Ces propriétés ne sont pas encore clairement établies. Afin de comprendre le rôle des variations structurelles du TM dans le traitement de l'APP, des détails structurels des peptides APP_TM4K, chimiquement synthétisés, ont été étudiés dans la bicouche lipidique en utilisant la réflexion totale atténuée par spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (ATR-FTIR) et la résonance magnétique nucléaire à l’état solide (ssNMR). Tandis que la structure secondaire globale du peptide APP_TM4K est hélicoidale, une hétérogénéité conformationnelle et orientée a été observée pour le site de clivage γ et, dans une plus faible mesure, pour le site de clivage ζ. Ces variabilités conformationnelles autour des sites de clivage γ et ζ peuvent avoir des implications importantes dans le mécanisme de clivage et donc dans la production d’Aβ. Il a été aussi démontré que la dernière glycine dans le motif de dimérisation GxxxG est transmembranaire. Ceci peut impliquer que la dimérisation via ce motif pourrait servir d’ancrage et conférer une orientation transmembranaire stable au segment transmembranaire de l’APP.
Le peptide amyloïde β est directement lié à la maladie d’Alzheimer. Partant de sa forme monomérique, l’Aβ s'agrège pour produire en final des fibrilles et aussi de manière transitoire toute une gamme d'oligomères, ces derniers étant la plupart neurotoxiques. Une dérégulation de l’homéostasie du Ca2+ dans le cerveau vieillissant et dans des troubles neurodégénératifs joue un rôle crucial dans de nombreux processus et contribue au dysfonctionnement et à la mort cellulaire. Nous avons postulé que le calcium peut permettre ou accélérer l'accumulation d'Aβ. Le modèle d'accumulation d'Aβ (1-40) et celui d'Aβ (1-40) E22G, un peptide amyloïde portant la mutation arctique qui cause une apparition prématurée de la maladie, ont été comparé. Nous avons constaté qu'en présence de Ca2+, l’Aβ (1-40) forme de préférence des oligomères semblables à ceux formés par l’Aβ (1-40) E22G avec ou sans Ca2+, tandis qu'en absence de Ca2+ l'Aβ (1-40) s’agrège sous forme de fibrilles. Les ressemblances morphologiques entre oligomères ont été confirmées par microscopie de force atomique. La distribution des oligomères et des fibrilles dans des échantillons différents a été détectée par électrophorèse sur gel suivie d’une analyse par Western blot, dont les résultats ont été confirmés par des expériences de fluorescence à la thioflavine T. Dans les échantillons sans Ca2+, l’ATR-FTIR révèle la conversion des oligomères en feuillets β antiparallèles en la conformation caractéristique des fibrilles en feuillets β parallèles. En général, ces résultats nous ont ameré à conclure que les ions calcium stimulent la formation d'oligomères d'Aβ (1-40), qui sont impliqués dans la pathogénèse d'AD.
Malgré les progrès énormes obtenus dans la compréhension de la maladie (AD), il reste un défi majeur, celui du développement de médicaments nouveaux et efficaces. Afin d’obtenir des éclaircissements sur le mécanisme d'action de deux nouveaux puissants modulateurs de la γ-sécrétase - le benzyl-carprofen et le sulfonyl-carprofen dans la bicouche lipidique, la technique de RMN à l’état solide a été employée. Précédemment, les dérivés du carprofen ont été localisés dans des membranes de lipides par des expériences de diffusion (scattering) des neutrons. Les contraintes déterminées à partir des expériences de ssNMR ont permis d’affiner leurs positions et d’obtenir une orientation précise dans la double couche lipidique. Ces résultats combinés indiquent que le mécanisme probable de modulation du clivage par la γ-sécrétase est une interaction directe des carprofènes avec le domaine TM de l’APP. Une telle interaction, empêcherait à la formation de dimères d'APP, dimérisation nécessaire au clivage séquentiel par la γ-sécrétase, diminuant ou réduisant ainsi énormément la production d’Aβ, tout particulièrement d’Aβ42.
Les résultats de ce travail apporte de nouvelles informations sur les processus clés impliqués dans l'AD; Production de l'Aβ à partir de l'APP, formation des oligomères d'Aβ et mécanisme d'action potentiel de molécules thérapeutiques. Nous pensons que ces résultats pourront permettre une meilleure compréhension de la maladie et pourront aider dans la conception de nouveaux médicaments contre cette maladie.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. There is no cure and the disease is fatal. One of the characteristic histopathological markers of AD is the presence of proteinaceous deposits, amyloid plaques, in the brain. These plaques are formed by the amyloid β-peptides (Aβ) 40- and 42-residue-long, which are protease cleavage products of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Elucidation of some of the key processes in the cause and the development of AD is crucial for the development of new and efficient treatments.
Conformational properties of the transmembrane (TM) segment of APP may affect its proteolytic processing by γ-secretase. These properties have not been definitely established. In addressing the role of structural variations of the TM sequence in APP processing, structural details of the chemically synthesized APP_TM4K peptides within the membrane bilayers were studied using Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) techniques. While the overall secondary structure of the APP_TM4K peptide is an α-helix, conformational and orientational heterogeneity was observed for the γ-cleavage site and, to a smaller extent, for the ζ-cleavage site. Evidence for the conformational variability around γ- and ζ-cleavage sites may have important implications for the cleavage mechanism and hence for the Aβ production. It was also found that the last glycine within the sequence of GxxxG motifs is in the transmembrane orientation, implying that dimerization via these motifs may act as an anchor, confining the TM dimer to the stable transmembrane orientation.
Amyloid β-peptide is directly linked to AD. Starting from its monomeric form, Aβ aggregates into fibrils and / or oligomers, the latter being the most neurotoxic. Dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in aging brains and in neurodegenerative disorders plays a crucial role in numerous processes and contributes to cell dysfunction and death. Here we postulated that calcium may enable or accelerate the aggregation of Aβ. The aggregation pattern of Aβ(1-40) and of Aβ(1-40)E22G, an amyloid peptide carrying the Arctic mutation that causes early onset of the disease, were compared. We found that in the presence of Ca2+, Aβ(1-40) preferentially formed oligomers similar to those formed by Aβ(1-40)E22G with or without added Ca2+, whereas in the absence of added Ca2+ the Aβ(1-40) aggregated to form fibrils. Morphological similarities of the oligomers were confirmed by contact mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. The distribution of oligomeric and fibrillar species in different samples was detected by gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis, the results which were further supported by thioflavin T fluorescence experiments. In the samples without Ca2+, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed conversion of oligomers from an anti-parallel β-sheet to the parallel β-sheet conformation characteristic of fibrils. Overall, these results led us to conclude that calcium ions stimulate the formation of oligomers of Aβ(1-40), that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD.
Despite the tremendous progress in understanding AD, there remains the challenge of the development of new and efficient drugs. In order to shed light onto the mechanism of action of two new potent γ-secretase modulators -- benzyl-carprofen and sulfonyl-carprofen within lipid bilayers, ssNMR technique was employed. Using neutron scattering experiments it was previously found that sulfonyl-carprofen and benzyl-carprofen partition into the headgroup region of the lipid bilayer. The orientational constraints derived from the ssNMR experiments refined their position into precise orientation. Combined, these results indicate that carprofen-derivatives can directly interact with the region of APP that mediates dimerization. Such interaction, would interfere with proper APP-dimer formation, which is necessary for the sequential cleavage by γ-secretase, diminishing or greatly reducing Aβ42 production.
Results obtained during this work shed new light onto some of the key processes in AD: Aβ production from APP, formation of Aβ oligomers and insights into the mechanism of action of potential therapeutics. We believe that these results will promote a better understanding of the disease and will help in future drug design.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lefranc-Jullien, Solveig. "Biologie cellulaire et pharmacologie des sécrétases impliquées dans la voie de maturation physiopathologique de la protéine précurseur du peptide ß amyloïde." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4055.
Full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the cortical and subcortical accumulation of proteinaceous deposits called senile plaques. The main constituent of these aggregates is referred to as amyloid b peptide (Ab). Ab is generated from the b amyloid precursor protein (bAPP) by the subsequent attacks by b- and g-secretases, which liberates the N- and C-terminal moieties respectively by a process called the amyloidogenic pathway. In the non-amyloidogenic pathway, a-secretase cleaves APP within the b-amyloid peptide, thereby preventing deposition of the intact amyloid peptide. Inhibition of b- and g-secretase, or stimulation of a-secretase, is a rational strategy for therapeutic intervention in AD. The work presented in this thesis was aimed to study the cellular biology and the pharmacology of these three secretases. Concerning b-secretase, I contributed to the design of a novel fluorimetric assay which confirmed the identity of BACE1 and BACE2 as b-secretase whereas cathepsin D proved to be a b-secretase " false positive " candidate. Our fluorimetric assay allowed us to identify two generations of new inhibitors. The first generation was a series of peptidomimetic statine-derived compounds. One of them, JMV1195, appeared potent and rather selective in vitro but was unable to block cellular b-secretase activity. Thus, we have designed a new permeable inhibitor, JMV2764 that corresponds to a derivative of JMV1195 to which a penetratin sequence had been added at its N-terminus. JMV2764 was able to affect BACE1 activity in vitro, and to modify Ab production in various cell systems. In a second part of my work, I developed an original cellular approach to study the g-secretase activity. BAPP undergoes two hydrolysis by g-secretase, at the C-terminus of Ab (g-site) and few residues C-terminal to the g-site (e-site). This e-cleavage resembles the S3 Notch cleavage. It appeared of most interest to discriminate the two g-secretase activities on bAPP to study them separately. I developed a cellular model based on the expression of the e-secretase-derived N-terminal fragment of bAPP (APPe) and I showed that APPe was a useful tool to study g-secretase activities and to design specific inhibitors without facing any rate-limiting effect of e-secretase-derived cleavage. Finally, I was interested in the a-secretase identity. Two disintegrin, ADAM10 and ADAM17 were identified as a-secretases. ADAM10 is involved in constitutive and regulated pathway and ADAM17 in the regulated pathway. Initially, I observed that in absence of ADAM10, constitutive secretion strongly decrease without totaly disappearing. I could show that the prohormone convertase 7 (PC7) acted upstream of a-secretase. Moreover, thanks to the development of a fluorimetric assay of a-secretase activity I demonstrated that ADAM9 participate in this pathway due its involvement in the shedding of ADAM10
Itkin, Anna. "Multidisniplinary study of Alzheimer's disease-related peptides : from amyloid precursor protein (APP) to amyloid β-oligomers and γ-secretase modulators." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF051/document.
Full textA histopathological characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the presence of amyloid plaques formed by amyloid β(A) peptides of 40 and 42 residues-long, which are the cleavage products of APP by proteases. To understand the role of structural changes in the TM domain of APP, APP_TM4K peptides were studied in the lipid bilayer using ATR-FTIR and ssNMR. While the overall secondary structure of the APP_TM4K peptide is helical, conformational and orientational heterogeneity was observed for the y- and for the -cleavage sites, which may have implications for the cleavage mechanism and therefore the production of Aβ. Starting from its monomeric form, Aβ peptides aggregate into fibrils and / or oligomers, the latter being the most neurotoxic. We found that in the presence of Ca2 +, Aβ (1-40) preferably forms oligomers, whereas in the absence of a2 + Aβ (1-40) aggregates into fibrils. In samples without Ca2 +, ATR-FTIR shows conversion from antiparallel β sheet conformation of oligomers into parallel β sheets, characteristic of fibrils. These results led us to conclude that Ca2 +stimulates the formation of oligomers of Aβ (1-40), that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Position and precise orientation of two new drugs powerful modulators of γ-secretase benzyl-carprofen and carprofen sulfonyl in the lipid bilayer were obtained from neutron scattering and ssNMR experiments. These results indicate that carprofen-derivatives can directly interact with APP. Such interaction would interfere with proper APP-dimer formation, which is necessary for the sequential cleavage by β -secretase, diminishing or greatly reducing Aβ42 production