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1
Gampa, Anuhya, Phillip A. Engen, Rima Shobar, and Ece A. Mutlu. "Relationships between gastrointestinal microbiota and blood group antigens." Physiological Genomics 49, no. 9 (2017): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00043.2017.
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FUT2 is a gene for a fucosyltransferase that encodes expression of ABO blood group antigens found on gastrointestinal mucosa and secretions. We hypothesized that the fecal microbiomes of healthy subjects, with blood group antigens A, B, and O, have differing compositions. We analyzed 33 fecal and blood specimens from healthy subjects for FUT2 genotype, and the fecal microbiome was determined by 454 pyrosequencing. Our data show that being a blood group secretor is associated with less diversity at higher orders of taxonomy; and the presence of blood group A antigens in the secretor subjects are associated with an expansion families of bacteria within the gut. Furthermore, our study confirms the previous findings that secretors and nonsecretors have differing bacterial taxa. This extends the previous findings by demonstrating that the impact of being a nonsecretor is higher than that of individual blood group antigens. Additionally, we demonstrate that both secretor status and blood group antigen expression especially affect the Lachnospiraceae family of bacteria within the gut microbiome, with lower abundances noted in nonsecretors and higher abundances in secretors of various blood groups. We further note specific differences in blood group A-secretors demonstrating that the genus Blautia is lower in the group A-secretors compared with the non-A-secretors and that this reduction is accompanied by higher abundances of members of the Rikenellaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Clostridiales, and Turicibacter. This study offers a first insight into the relationship between the fecal microbiome and blood group antigens in secretors.
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Muhammad, Shahbaz, Amna Beenash,, Lubna rashid, and Badra Younis. "Determination of secretor and non-secretor status in relation to ABO blood groups in population of Rawalakot city, Azad Jammu and Kashmir." Kashmir Journal of Science 2, no. 2 (2023): 54–60. https://doi.org/10.63147/krjs.v2i2.18.
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The present study was designed to find out the status of the secretor and non-secretor in Rawalakot city of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K). Blood and saliva were collected from 200 individuals of the study area during 2021-22. Secretor and non-secretor status were determined by Hemagglutination inhibition method. During this study status of secretor and non-secretor has been observed for gender, caste, and ABO blood group. Out of a total of 200 sampled individuals 142 (71%) individuals were secretors, while the remaining 58(27%) were non-secretors. Females (63.5%) were more secretors as compared to males (36.5%). The highest percentages of secretors were observed in Mughals (79.2%) and the lowest in Hashmi (65.0%). The highest numbers of secretors were observed in blood group B (37.0%), while the lowest in Blood group A (20.5%). The study concluded that secretors were more common in Rawalakot city as compared to non-secretors. This information would be helpful in healthcare management in the area.
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Sukla, Krishna, Pooja Kunte, Rajashree Kamat, et al. "FUT Genotypes, Secretor Status, H.pylori Antibody Levels and Vitamin-B12 Concentrations in Indians." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (2021): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab050_018.
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Abstract Objectives Background: The FUT2 gene is responsible for the secretion of ABO blood type antigens into the body fluids (saliva, mucous, urine, tears, breast milk, sweat, and semen). Those who secrete the antigens into body fluids are call secretors, those who do not are called non-secretors. Hypothesis: GWAS studies have reported FUT gene variants to be associated with circulating vitamin-B12 (Vit-B12) concentrations. Missense mutations in the FUT2 gene result in a non-secretor phenotype. Thus, the secretory status of an individual may affect circulating vitamin-B12 concentrations over and above the genotype. Methods Materials and Methods: We included 780 participants (271 children, 282 mothers, and 227 fathers) from Pune Maternal Nutrition Study (PMNS). We measured the secretor status of individuals in saliva by hemagglutination test. A total of eight genetic variants including six SNPs from the FUT2 gene (rs492602, rs681343, rs281377, rs601338, rs1800027, and rs602662) and two SNPs from the FUT6 gene (rs3760776 and rs3760775) from our previous GWAS study were correlated with circulating vitamin-B12 levels. We tested the associations of FUT gene variants with secretor status phenotype and of the secretor phenotype with circulating vit-B12, folate, and ferritin concentrations in addition to H.pylori antibody levels. Results Results and Discussion: We found 33% of participants were non-secretors compared to 20% reported in Western Caucasian populations. Non-secretors had higher vitamin-B12 concentrations but not of folate and ferritin, vitamin-B12 associations were over and above FUT genotypes. Non-secretors showed a higher response to Vit-B12 supplementation. We found a FUT2 haplotype () to be strongly associated with Vit-B12 concentrations and non-secretor status. Non-secretors had lower H.pylori antibody concentrations. FUT6 genotype and haplotype were associated with Vit-B12 concentrations but not with secretor status and H.pylori antibody levels. Conclusions Our data suggest that secretor status may influence Vit-B12 concentrations through susceptibility to H.pylori infection and possibly other gut microbiota. A higher frequency of non-secretors in Indians could offer a selective advantage against Vit-B12 deficiency. Funding Sources BBSRC, UK; MRC, UK; WELLCOME TRUST, UK; DBT, India; ICMR India
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GH.Ali, Basima. "Is A Chronic Periodontitis Patient Likely To Be An ABO Secretor?" Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences 4, no. 2 (2023): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjds.4.2.7.
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Chronic periodontitis is the most prevalent oral inflammatory disease that affect teeth supporting tissues in response to microbial infection. A secretor is aterm applied to anyone who secret his/her blood type antigen into their body fluids as saliva in the oral cavity. Forty eight males were participated in the present research. Their age ranging from 35 to 55 years. The clinical periodontal parameters included Plaque index (PLI), Gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and Probing pocket depth (PPD) were examined also. .The secretory ABO blood groups from saliva by using Blood Typing Kit # 11 were assessed. After that the patients were divided into se cretors and non-secretors and the comparisons were done between t hem. There was highly significance difference between secretory and non-secretory chronic periodontitis patients in all periodontal pa rameters (PI, GI and PPD), from the total sample the Proportional ratio for secretory chronic periodontitis group was 58.33% while the proportional ratio for the non-secretary chronic periodontitis was 41.66%. Group O is the predominant type of ABO for both groups. Chronic periodontitis is more likely to occur in secretor ABO more than non-secretor ABO.
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Santamaria, P., R. C. Gehrz, M. K. Bryan, and J. J. Barbosa. "Involvement of class II MHC molecules in the LPS-induction of IL-1/TNF secretions by human monocytes. Quantitative differences at the polymorphic level." Journal of Immunology 143, no. 3 (1989): 913–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.143.3.913.
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Abstract Anti-class II ag mAb (DR and DQ) inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, LPS-induced IL-1 and TNF secretions from human monocytes (34 to 95% inhibition). The potentiating effect of IFN-gamma on LPS-induced TNF secretion (15.3 +/- 0.7 to 44 +/- 0.6 ng/ml) was also blocked by anti-class II ag mAb (44 +/- 0.6 to 0.3 +/- 0.03 ng/ml). We also report a relationship between interindividual differences in monocyte IL-1 and TNF secretions and the HLA-D-encoded genetic polymorphism. Heterozygotes were, in general, higher secretors of those cytokines than homozygotes. Analysis of these secretions in heterozygotes demonstrated a differential effect of certain haplotype combinations (i.e., DR2-DR4 vs DR2-DR3) that could be arbitrarily characterized as being "low" or "high" secretors (6,230 +/- 2,950 vs 13,029 +/- 6,541 cpm for IL-1, and 12 +/- 10 vs 25 +/- 15 ng/ml for TNF, p = 0.006 and 0.048). DR-associated Dw subtypes appeared to account for differences within certain haplotype combinations (Dw18 vs Dw19 in DRw13/DR4) (11,227 +/- 3,648 vs 17,166 +/- 3,176 cpm for IL-1, and 13 +/- 9 vs 25 +/- 10 ng/ml for TNF, p = 0.02 and 0.047). Interindividual differences were better explained by differences in LPS sensitivity than by differences in the kinetics of secretion and related not to the secretory process itself but to the rate of cytokine synthesis. Finally, there were no relationships between high secretor genotypes and IDD high risk genotypes. Thus, we conclude that, a) LPS-induced IL-1 and TNF secretions are, at least in part, regulated by class II MHC molecules, b) that HLA-D region-encoded genetic polymorphism accounts for interindividual differences in these secretions, and c) that the HLA-associated risk to develop IDD is not explained by these cytokine secretory differences as previously proposed.
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MacDonald, Jaime, Michelle J. Groome, Janet Mans, and Nicola Page. "FUT2 Secretor Status Influences Susceptibility to VP4 Strain-Specific Rotavirus Infections in South African Children." Pathogens 9, no. 10 (2020): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100795.
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Gastroenteritis is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rotavirus vaccination has significantly reduced the disease burden, but the sub-optimal vaccine efficacy observed in low-income regions needs improvement. Rotavirus VP4 ‘spike’ proteins interact with FUT2-defined, human histo-blood group antigens on mucosal surfaces, potentially influencing strain circulation and the efficacy of P[8]-based rotavirus vaccines. Secretor status was investigated in 500 children <5 years-old hospitalised with diarrhoea, including 250 previously genotyped rotavirus-positive cases (P[8] = 124, P[4] = 86, and P[6] = 40), and 250 rotavirus-negative controls. Secretor status genotyping detected the globally prevalent G428A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and was confirmed by Sanger sequencing in 10% of participants. The proportions of secretors in rotavirus-positive cases (74%) were significantly higher than in the rotavirus-negative controls (58%; p < 0.001). The rotavirus genotypes P[8] and P[4] were observed at significantly higher proportions in secretors (78%) than in non-secretors (22%), contrasting with P[6] genotypes with similar proportions amongst secretors (53%) and non-secretors (47%; p = 0.001). This suggests that rotavirus interacts with secretors and non-secretors in a VP4 strain-specific manner; thus, secretor status may partially influence rotavirus VP4 wild-type circulation and P[8] rotavirus vaccine efficacy. The study detected a mutation (rs1800025) ~50 bp downstream of the G428A SNP that would overestimate non-secretors in African populations when using the TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay.
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Bakhtiari, Sedighe, Soheila Mani Far, Zahra Alibakhshi, Mohammad Shirkhoda, and Fahimeh Anbari. "Salivary Secretor Status of Blood Group Antigens in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (2019): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.101.
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BACKGROUND: Head and neck cancers include malignancies of the scalp and neck skin, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx and larynx. The term ABO secretor refers to people who secrete blood group antigens in their body fluids such as saliva, sweat, tears, semen, and serum. Non-secretors refer to those who do not secrete their blood group antigens in their body fluids. The lack of blood type antigens in body discharge increases the susceptibility to certain types of diseases and infection.
 AIM: Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between the secretion of blood groups in the saliva of patients with head and neck cancers.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: This case-control study was performed on 110 people (57 patients with head and neck cancer who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran and 53 cancer-free controls). Five ml of non-stimulated saliva were collected by the spitting method. By agglutination or lack of agglutination in the test tubes, we determined the patient’s secretor or non-secretor condition.
 RESULTS: In terms of secretor status, 52.7% of all samples were secretors. In the case group, 19 out of 57 cases (33.3%) were secretors, and 38 were non-secretors (66.7%). In the control group, 39 out of 53 cases (73.6%) were secretors, and 14 cases were non-secretors (26.4%). There was a significant difference in the percentage of non-secretors between the two groups (p = 0.00).
 CONCLUSION: People with non-secretor status may be more prone to develop head and neck cancer. The presence of these antigens in saliva may have a protective effect.
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Noor, Ullah Hassan Khan Muhammad Asif Zeb Faheem Khan1 Imad umar Mehran Khan. "FREQUENCY OF ABH SECRETORS AND NON-SECRETORS AMONG THE STUDENTS AT INSTITUTE OF PARAMEDICAL SCIENCES, KHYBER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, PAKISTAN." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 10 (2018): 10883–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1472776.
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<strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong> <em>There are variations in the distribution of secretors and non-secretors in relation to ABO blood group which influence disease susceptibility from one region to another. </em><em>Significant extents of people are secretors, which secret antigens in body fluids such as saliva</em><em>, tears, Semen etc</em><em>. Due to some unknown geographic and racial factors there are differences in the frequency of secretors and non-secretor Individuals.</em> <strong><em>Objectives:</em></strong><em> The objective of the current study was to find out the frequency of secretor status among students of Khyber Medical University (KMU), Institute of Paramedical Sciences (IPMS) Peshawar.</em> <strong><em>Methodology: </em></strong><em>This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Institute of Paramedical Sciences Khyber Medical University Peshawar (IPMS KMU). We have recruited 188 participants of age ranging from 18- 40 years, out of which 155 were males and 33 were females. Tube method was used for ABO blood typing and Absorption inhibition method was used to determine the secretor status of ABH antigen using saliva samples. </em> <strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>Our study showed that </em><em>68.62% of the population was secretors and 31.38% were non-secretors. The frequencies of secretor status in different ABO blood groups were 70.37% in group A, 64.15% in group B, 80.0% in group AB, and 67.21% in group O.</em> <strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Our study shows that the secretor status in Peshawar is high than non-secretor. Furthermore<strong>, </strong></em><em>Blood group AB has highest secretor status while Blood group B has the lowest secretor status.</em> <strong>Key words:</strong> <em>ABO group, secretor, Non-secretor, Body fluids, Absorption inhibition method</em>
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Zorgani, A. A., J. Stewart, C. C. Blackwell, R. A. Elton, and D. M. Weir. "Secretor status and humoral immune responses to Neisseria lactamica and Neisseria meningitidis." Epidemiology and Infection 109, no. 3 (1992): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800050433.
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SUMMARYNon-secretors of ABO blood group antigens are over-represented among patients with meningococcal diseases. Lower levels of secretory IgA reported for non-secretors have been suggested to compromise mucosal defences. Total serum and salivary IgG, IgA and IgM and levels of these isotypes specific for Neisseria lactamica and five isolates of meningococci were determined by ELISA for 357 pupils and staff of a secondary school in which an outbreak of meningitis occurred. There were no differences in total or specific levels of serum IgG, IgA or IgM or salivary IgG or IgA of secretors compared with non-secretors. Non-secretors had significantly lower levels of salivary IgM (P=0·022) A similar pattern was observed for levels of IgM specific for N. lactamica and five meningococcal isolates. The significance of these results is discussed with reference to the role of secretory IgM in protection of mucosal surfaces in infants.
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Joyce, Etura, John Abam, Akpan Uwem, and Jeremiah Zaccheaus. "ABH secretor status among the University of Calabar undergraduates, Nigeria." Sanamed, no. 00 (2024): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sanamed0-51776.
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Introduction: Secretor status is a critical component of human biology that depends on specific glycoproteins in body fluids and secretions. Its importance lies in its significant impact on health and disease, making it a compelling subject for medical research. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and understanding of secretor status among undergraduates at the University of Calabar, Nigeria. The findings could revolutionize our understanding of secretor status and open new research opportunities. Materials and Methods: The study used across-sectional approach, analyzing blood samples from 100 undergraduate students using the adsorption-inhibition method. Most participants were single (94.0%), and the majority were 100-level students (51.0%). 48 students were in the 21 to 28-year range, while 6.0% were 30 or older. Results: The findings of this study are significant, revealing that a substantial proportion of the participants were secretors, 82 (82.0%), while 18 (18.0%) were non-secretors. Interestingly, most participants (83.0%) were unaware of their secretor status, indicating a potential knowledge gap. Blood group O had the highest number of secretors, 58 (96.7%), followed by blood group A 11 (55.0%), blood group B 7 (63.6%), and the minor blood group AB 6 (66.7%). The most prevalent ethnic group was found among the Efiks (18.1%) followed by Yakurr (16.6%) and the least the Ijaws (3.8%). Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of public education and awareness regarding secretor status and its impact on health and disease.
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Mentis, A., C. C. Blackwell, D. M. Weir, C. Spiliadis, A. Dailianas, and N. Skandalis. "ABO blood group, secretor status and detection ofHelicobacter pyloriamong patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers." Epidemiology and Infection 106, no. 2 (1991): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800048366.
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SUMMARYPatients (454) referred for gastroscopy to the General Hospital of Athens were examined to determine (1) if non-secretors were over-represented among patients with ulcers and (2) is there was an association with ABO blood group or secretor status and carriage ofHelicobacter pylori.Compared with the local population, among patients with either gastric ulcer (51) or duodenal ulcer (96) there was a significant increase in the proportion of those who were blood group O (P< 0·025); however, there were no significant differences in the proportions of non-secretors.H. pyloriwas identified in 62 % of the 454 patients: 59·5 % of those without evidence of ulcers; 62·5 % of those with gastric ulcer; 88% of those with duodenal ulcer (P< 0·0005). These bacteria were cultured more often and in higher numbers from patients with duodenal ulcer (P< 0·025). There was no association between ABO blood group and prevalence ofH. pylori. The prevalence ofH. pyloriamong non-secretors with gastric ulcer (12·5%) was significantly lower than that for non-secretors with duodenal ulcer (100%) (P< 0·0005). This was not observed for secretors.
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Ankur, Ul Haque M.Desai Jahir-, and AmruthaKanagala. "FREQUENCY OF ABO BLOOD GROUPS AND SECRETOR/NON-SECRETORS IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS." International Journal of Basic & Applied Physiology 3, no. 1 (2014): 37–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4475894.
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<strong>Background & objective</strong>: In the literature available, we found that various diseases are associated with blood groups and secretor status of the individual. We found that tuberculosis is associated with secretion of blood groups and their secretion into saliva. We like to investigate whether tuberculosis that is very common in this part of the world is similarly associated and therefore we took up this project.<strong>Material and method</strong>: Blood group of 107 normal individuals and 101 individuals who are AFB positive for tuberculosis were tested by rapid slide technique and their Secretor status was similarly, determined by hemagglutination inhibition test and the results were complied, compared with each other and a conclusion was drawn.<strong>Results</strong>: It is found that the percentage of non-secretors is significantly greater in pulmonary tuberculosis as compared to the control group; χ2=8.51; d.f.=1 ; 0.005>P>0.001 (SPSS; Chi-square test ) and when blood groups are added to secretor status it is observed that the frequency of ‘O’ non-secretors is greater than the othersχ2=4.336; d.f.=1; P = 0.05 and that ‘A’ Secretors have least of all percentages.<strong>Conclusion</strong>: Non-secretors are more prone to develop pulmonary tuberculosis. ‘O’ non- secretors are more prone to develop pulmonary tuberculosis and ‘A’ secretors are least affected.
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Aly, F. Z., C. C. Blackwell, D. A. C. MacKenzie, et al. "Chronic atrophic oral candidiasis among patients with diabetes mellitus – role of secretor status." Epidemiology and Infection 106, no. 2 (1991): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800048500.
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SUMMARYNon-diabetic individuals who are non-secretors of blood group antigens are prone to superficial infections by Candida albicans. In this study, 216 patients with diabetes mellitus who were denture wearers were examined for the presence or absence of denture stomatitis. There was an overall trend for non-secretors to be prone to denture stomatitis compared with secretors. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis was used to dissect the contribution of secretor status and other variables to the development of the disease. Secretor status was found to be a contributory factor among patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes but not among those with insulin-dependent diabetes. The possible reasons for this are discussed.
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Kortesniemi, Maaria, Tahereh Jafari, Yumei Zhang, and Baoru Yang. "1H NMR Metabolomics of Chinese Human Milk at Different Stages of Lactation among Secretors and Non-Secretors." Molecules 27, no. 17 (2022): 5526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175526.
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Human milk is an intricate, bioactive food promoting infant health. We studied the composition of human milk samples collected over an 8-month lactation using 1H NMR metabolomics. A total of 72 human breast milk samples were collected from ten Chinese mothers at eight different time points. The concentrations of ten human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), fucose and lactose were quantified. Six of the mothers were classified as Lewis-positive secretors (Se+Le+) and four as Lewis-positive non-secretors (Se−Le+) based on the levels of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) II, lactodifucotetraose (LDFT) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT). Acetate, citrate, short/medium-chain fatty acids, glutamine and urea showed a time-dependent trend in relation to the stage of lactation. The concentrations of 2′-FL, 3-FL (3-fucosyllactose), 3′-SL (3′-sialyllactose), LDFT, LNFP I, LNFP II, LNFP III, LNnT, LNT (lacto-N-tetraose), and fucose were statistically different between secretors and non-secretors. A temporal difference of approximately 1–2 months between the development of non-secretor and secretor HMO profiles was shown. The results highlighted the importance of long-term breastfeeding, especially among non-secretors.
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Viverge, Danide, Louis Grimmonprez, Geneviève Cassanas, Lucette Bardet, and Maryse Solere. "Discriminant Carbohydrate Components of Human Milk According to Donor Secretor Types." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 11, no. 3 (1990): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1990.tb10127.x.
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SummaryBecause of the variability of human milk carbohydrate composition, we determined the discriminant carbohydrate components of the milk of 18 mothers according to their ABH and Lewis secretor types during the first week of lactation. Comparative chromatograms revealed that the presence of neuraminyloligosaccharides is linked to the ABH secretor groups, and that the absence of oligosaccharides with Lea or Leb specificity is linked to the Lewis nonsecretor types. The study of carbohydrate composition according to donor secretor types consisted of measuring 16 variables from 69 samples. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between groups: high levels of N‐acetylneuraminic acid and low levels of galactose distinguished ABH secretors from nonsecretors (p < 0.001). In the ABH secretor groups, A and H secretors had higher N‐acetylglucosamine contents than B and AB secretors (p < 0.001) and lower galactose levels (p < 0.001). The Lewis secretor groups were distinguished by significantly higher fucose levels (p < 0.001). The ABH(+)Le(a ‐ b ‐) group had higher lactose contents than the other groups (p < 0.01).
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Bharath, R. Raj, and P. Arumugam. "The prevalence of secretor status and co-expression of lewis antigen in voluntary blood donors." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 5 (2016): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v7i5.14848.
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Background: Blood group substances are present in soluble form in a majority of individuals in secretion such as saliva and body fl uids. Secretor status refers to the presence (SeSe and Sese) or absence (sese) of secretor gene which secrete ABH soluble substances. Secretor status can be used to resolve ABO discrepancies of people whose blood group cannot be identified by routine blood grouping and it can also help in identifying patients who may be a high risk group for getting certain diseases. Aims and Objectives:Our aim and objectives of the study is to fi nd out the Prevalence of Secretor Status and Co-expression of Lewis Antigens among the Voluntary Blood Donors.Materials and Methods:This study was conducted in sixty volunteers and the method used to determine the secretor status was hemagglutination inhibition method. Their blood was used to detect the type of Lewis (Le) antigen since the type of Lewis antigen correlated with the secretor status of the individual.Results:Among the sixty subjects tested, forty fi ve of them were found to be secretors and fifteen of them were Non-secretors. The number of Lewis (a+b-) individuals were twelve, Lewis (a-b+) were thirty nine and Lewis (a-b-) were nine.Conclusion:The prevalence of secretors was 75% and non-secretors were 25% respectively. We found 65 % of the volunteers were found to be Le (a-b+) positive, 20% were Le (a+b-) and the remaining 15% were Le (a-b-) which correlated with the ABH antigen secretor status.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 93-96
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Blackwell, C. C., D. M. Weir, V. S. James, K. A. V. Cartwright, J. M. Stuart, and D. M. Jones. "The Stonehouse study: secretor status and carriage of Neisseria species." Epidemiology and Infection 102, no. 1 (1989): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800029629.
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SUMMARYThe genetically determined inability to secrete the water-soluble glycoprotein form of the ABO blood group antigens into saliva and other body fluids is a recognized risk factor for meningococcal disease. During a community-wide investigation of a prolonged outbreak of disease due to a B15: P1.16 sulphonamideresistant strain of Neisseria meningitidis in Stonehouse, Gloucestershire (the Stonehouse survey), the ABO blood group and secretor status of almost 5000 residents was determined.The proportion of non-secretors in the Stonehouse population was significantly higher than the proportion of non-secretors among blood donors in the South West Region and in England generally. Seven of 13 Stonehouse residents with meningococcal disease who were tested were found to be non-secretors, a high proportion. The outbreak in Stonehouse cannot be explained solely in terms of the increased proportion of non-secretors. There was no clear correlation between the proportions of non-secretors in different areas within the town and the incidence of cases of meningococcal disease.Carriers of meningococci, whether outbreak or other strains, were not more likely to be non-secretors. The reasons why non-secretors are more susceptible to meningococcal disease remain to be determined, but they do not appear to be related to carriage of meningococci.
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Chima, Onwuka Kalu, Tijjani Bashir Mohammed, Samaila Adamu Alhaji, Kuliya-Gwarzo Aisha, and Aminu Haruna Kwaru. "Saliva Abh Secretor Status in Kano, Nigeria." EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics 4, no. 5 (2022): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjbg.2022.v04i05.001.
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: Background: A study to obtain reference data that would be useful in comparative and analytical studies on ABH secretor status in Kano, North Western Nigeria. Method: A total of 256 subjects made up of 129 consecutive blood donors and 127 women attending Antenatal Clinic in AKTH were recruited for the study. Their secretor status was determined using saliva samples. Results: One hundred and eighty (70.31%) of the subjects studied secretors while Non- secretors were 76 (29.69%). Conclusion: There is high rate of non-secretors in Kano metropolis compared to various studies carried out in different parts of the Nigeria though similar to other climes like Dhaka in Bangladesh and Karachi in Pakistan which may be associated with the high incidence of duodenal Ulcer disease in the locality of this study.
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R Raj Bharath and P Arumugam. "The prevalence of secretor status and co-expression of lewis antigen in voluntary blood donors." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 5 (2016): 93–96. https://doi.org/10.71152/ajms.v7i5.4021.
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Background: Blood group substances are present in soluble form in a majority of individuals in secretion such as saliva and body fl uids. Secretor status refers to the presence (SeSe and Sese) or absence (sese) of secretor gene which secrete ABH soluble substances. Secretor status can be used to resolve ABO discrepancies of people whose blood group cannot be identified by routine blood grouping and it can also help in identifying patients who may be a high risk group for getting certain diseases. Aims and Objectives: Our aim and objectives of the study is to fi nd out the Prevalence of Secretor Status and Co-expression of Lewis Antigens among the Voluntary Blood Donors. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in sixty volunteers and the method used to determine the secretor status was hemagglutination inhibition method. Their blood was used to detect the type of Lewis (Le) antigen since the type of Lewis antigen correlated with the secretor status of the individual. Results: Among the sixty subjects tested, forty fi ve of them were found to be secretors and fifteen of them were Non-secretors. The number of Lewis (a+b-) individuals were twelve, Lewis (a-b+) were thirty nine and Lewis (a-b-) were nine. Conclusion: The prevalence of secretors was 75% and non-secretors were 25% respectively. We found 65 % of the volunteers were found to be Le (a-b+) positive, 20% were Le (a+b-) and the remaining 15% were Le (a-b-) which correlated with the ABH antigen secretor status. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 93-96
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Nakajima, M., N. Ito, K. Nishi, Y. Okamura, and T. Hirota. "Cytochemical localization of blood group substances in human salivary glands using lectin-gold complexes." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 36, no. 4 (1988): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/36.4.3346537.
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We investigated localization of blood group antigens and their related substances in human labial salivary and submandibular glands by application of a post-embedding cytochemical staining procedure using lectin- or glycoprotein-gold complexes. Surgical tissue was obtained from 10 patients. Blood group-specific lectins, such as Dolichos biflorus agglutinin or Helix pomatia agglutinin (group A-specific), Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-I B4 (group B-specific), and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (group H-specific) could recognize A, B, and H antigens, respectively, only in mature secretory granules (mature SG), which were found preferentially in cells in the late phase of the maturation cycle. In immature secretory granules (immature SG), which were found in cells in the early or middle phase of the maturation cycle, no binding with these lectins was observed. The Golgi complexes and endoplasmic reticula also were not labeled with these lectins. In blood group O and B secretors, blood group antigens were uniformly distributed throughout all the mature SG examined. However, in blood group A secretors, the distribution was heterogeneous, i.e., in some granules only H antigen was demonstrated, whereas in others both A antigens and a small amount of H antigens were detected. Among the blood group-nonspecific lectins, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was found to bind more preferentially to immature SG than to mature SG. This was demonstrated irrespective of the blood group and secretor status of the tissue donor, except that in blood group A secretors WGA bound strongly to some mature SG which possessed A antigen. We discuss the significance of cellular and subcellular mosaic distribution of blood group antigens in connection with morphological differences of secretory granules and the maturation cycle of mucous cells.
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Thorman, Alexander W., Grace Adkins, Shannon C. Conrey, et al. "Gut Microbiome Composition and Metabolic Capacity Differ by FUT2 Secretor Status in Exclusively Breastfed Infants." Nutrients 15, no. 2 (2023): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020471.
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A major polymorphism in the fucosyltransferase2 (FUT2) gene influences risk of multiple gut diseases, but its impact on the microbiome of breastfed infants was unknown. In individuals with an active FUT2 enzyme (“secretors”), the intestinal mucosa is abundantly fucosylated, providing mutualist bacteria with a rich endogenous source of fucose. Non-secretors comprise approximately one-fifth of the population, and they lack the ability to create this enzyme. Similarly, maternal secretor status influences the abundance of a breastfeeding mother’s fucosylated milk oligosaccharides. We compared the impact of maternal secretor status, measured by FUT2 genotype, and infant secretor status, measured by FUT2 genotype and phenotype, on early infant fecal microbiome samples collected from 2-month-old exclusively breastfed infants (n = 59). Infant secretor status (19% non-secretor, 25% low-secretor, and 56% full-secretor) was more strongly associated with the infant microbiome than it was with the maternal FUT2 genotype. Alpha diversity was greater in the full-secretors than in the low- or non-secretor infants (p = 0.049). Three distinct microbial enterotypes corresponded to infant secretor phenotype (p = 0.022) and to the dominance of Bifidobacterium breve, B. longum, or neither (p < 0.001). Infant secretor status was also associated with microbial metabolic capacity, specifically, bioenergetics pathways. We concluded that in exclusively breastfed infants, infant—but not maternal—secretor status is associated with infant microbial colonization and metabolic capacity.
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Azad, Meghan B., Kaitlin H. Wade, and Nicholas J. Timpson. "FUT2 secretor genotype and susceptibility to infections and chronic conditions in the ALSPAC cohort." Wellcome Open Research 3 (September 25, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14636.2.
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Background:TheFUT2(fucosyltransferase-2) gene determines blood group secretor status. Being homozygous for the inactive “non-secretor” rs601338(A) allele confers resistance to certain infections (e.g.Norovirus,Rotavirus) and susceptibility to others (e.g.Haemophilus influenza,Streptococcus pneumonia). Non-secretors also have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. We examinedFUT2genotype, infections and chronic conditions in a population-based cohort.Methods:We studied 7,582 pregnant women from the ALSPAC pregnancy cohort. Infections (measles, mumps, chicken pox, whooping cough, meningitis, herpes, gonorrhea and urinary infections) and chronic conditions (kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, rheumatism, arthritis, psoriasis, hay fever, asthma, eczema and allergies) were self-reported.FUT2secretor status was determined from the rs601338 genotype. ABO blood type was obtained from clinical records.Results:Overall, 1920 women (25.3%) were homozygous for the non-secretor allele (AA). Secretor status was associated with mumps, with 68% of non-secretors experiencing this infection, compared to 48% of secretors (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.34–1.46). A weaker association was observed for measles infection (76% vs. 72%; RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.09). Non-secretors also experienced an increased risk of kidney disease (5.4% vs. 3.9%; RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.11–1.75). Independent of secretor status, AB blood type was a risk factor for mumps (RR 1.15; 95%CI, 1.03, 1.28 compared to type O). We found no evidence of interaction between secretor status and blood type. For some conditions, including asthma and arthritis,FUT2heterozygosity (GA) appeared to confer an intermediate phenotype. There was no strong evidence of association between secretor status and other infections or chronic conditions, although statistical power was limited for rare outcomes.Conclusion:Our results identify an association betweenFUT2secretor status and self-reported kidney disease, and confirm a recently reported association with susceptibility to mumps infection. The clinical implications of these associations warrant further investigation.
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Paganini, Daniela, Mary A. Uyoga, Guus A. M. Kortman, et al. "Maternal Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profile Modulates the Impact of an Intervention with Iron and Galacto-Oligosaccharides in Kenyan Infants." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (2019): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112596.
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There is little data on human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition in Sub-Saharan Africa. Iron fortificants adversely affect the infant gut microbiota, while co-provision of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) mitigates most of the adverse effects. Whether variations in maternal HMO profile can influence the infant response to iron and/or GOS fortificants is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine HMO profiles and the secretor/non-secretor phenotype of lactating Kenyan mothers and investigate their effects on the maternal and infant gut microbiota, and on the infant response to a fortification intervention with 5 mg iron (2.5 mg as sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate and 2.5 mg as ferrous fumarate) and 7.5 g GOS. We studied mother–infant pairs (n = 80) participating in a 4-month intervention trial in which the infants (aged 6.5–9.5 months) received daily a micronutrient powder without iron, with iron or with iron and GOS. We assessed: (1) maternal secretor status and HMO composition; (2) effects of secretor status on the maternal and infant gut microbiota in a cross-sectional analysis at baseline of the intervention trial; and (3) interactions between secretor status and intervention groups during the intervention trial on the infant gut microbiota, gut inflammation, iron status, growth and infectious morbidity. Secretor prevalence was 72% and HMOs differed between secretors and non-secretors and over time of lactation. Secretor status did not predict the baseline composition of the maternal and infant gut microbiota. There was a secretor-status-by-intervention-group interaction on Bifidobacterium (p = 0.021), Z-scores for length-for-age (p = 0.022) and weight-for-age (p = 0.018), and soluble transferrin receptor (p = 0.041). In the no iron group, longitudinal prevalence of diarrhea was higher among infants of non-secretors (23.8%) than of secretors (10.4%) (p = 0.001). In conclusion, HMO profile may modulate the infant gut microbiota response to fortificant iron; compared to infants of secretor mothers, infants of non-secretor mothers may be more vulnerable to the adverse effect of iron but also benefit more from the co-provision of GOS.
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Munyemana, Jean Bosco, Jean Claude Kabayiza, Eric Seruyange, et al. "Non-Secretor Status Due to FUT2 Stop Mutation Is Associated with Reduced Rotavirus Infections but Not with Other Enteric Pathogens in Rwandan Children." Microorganisms 13, no. 5 (2025): 1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051071.
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Enteric pathogens remain a health threat for children in low-income countries. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the FUT2 gene that precludes the expression of fucosyltransferase 2 has been reported to influence the susceptibility to rotavirus and norovirus infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between G428A at rs601338 (stop codon variant) in the FUT2 gene and a range of enteric pathogens in children under 5 years of age. Rectal swab samples from 668 children (median age 13.6 months, 51% males, 93% rotavirus vaccinated, 468 with diarrhea) from Rwanda were analyzed via PCR for pathogen detection and SNP genotyping. A FUT2 stop codon (‘non-secretor’ status) was found in 19% of all children. Rotavirus was detected in 5.3% of non-secretors compared with in 13% of secretors (OR = 0.39, p = 0.019). Rotavirus P[8] was the predominant genotype and was found in 2.3% of non-secretors compared with 8.8% of secretors (p = 0.009). There was no association with any other pathogen, including noroviruses, of which 2 of 14 GII.4 infections were detected among non-secretors. Thus, the FUT2 stop codon variant was associated with rotavirus but not with any other pathogen.
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Azad, Meghan B., Kaitlin H. Wade, and Nicholas J. Timpson. "FUT2 secretor genotype and susceptibility to infections and chronic conditions in the ALSPAC cohort." Wellcome Open Research 3 (May 30, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14636.1.
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Background: The FUT2 (fucosyltransferase 2) gene encodes alpha (1,2) fucosyltransferase, which determines blood group secretor status. Being homozygous for the inactive “non-secretor” rs601338(A) allele appears to confer resistance to certain infections (e.g. Norovirus, Rotavirus and Helicobacter pylori) and susceptibility to others (e.g. Haemophilus influenza and Streptococcus pneumonia). Non-secretors also have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to determine the association of the FUT2 secretor genotype with infections and chronic conditions in the population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Methods: This study included 7,582 pregnant women from the ALSPAC pregnancy cohort. Personal history of infections (measles, mumps, chicken pox, whooping cough, cold sores, meningitis, genital herpes, gonorrhea and urinary infections) and chronic conditions (kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, rheumatism, arthritis, psoriasis, hay fever, asthma, eczema and various allergies) were self-reported by standardized questionnaire. FUT2 secretor status was determined from the rs601338 genotype. Results: Overall, 1920 women (25.3%) were homozygous for the FUT2 non-secretor allele (AA). Secretor status was associated with mumps, with 68% of non-secretors experiencing this infection, compared to 48% of secretors (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.34–1.46; p<0.0001). A weaker association was observed for measles infection (76% vs. 72%; RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.09; p=0.0008). Non-secretors also experienced a 39% increased risk of kidney disease (5.4% vs. 3.9%; RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.11–1.75; p=0.004). For some conditions, including gonorrhea and arthritis, FUT2 heterozygosity (GA) appeared to confer an intermediate phenotype. There was no strong evidence of association between FUT2 secretor status and other infections or chronic conditions, although statistical power was limited for rare outcomes. Conclusion: Our results identify an association between FUT2 secretor status and kidney disease, and confirm a recently reported association with susceptibility to mumps infection. The clinical implications of these associations warrant further investigation.
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Frank, Steven A. "Microbial secretor–cheater dynamics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1552 (2010): 2515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0003.
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Microbial secretions manipulate the environment and communicate information to neighbours. The secretions of an individual microbe typically act externally and benefit all members of the local group. Secreting imposes a cost in terms of growth, so that cheaters that do not secrete gain by sharing the benefits without paying the costs. Cheaters have been observed in several experimental and natural settings. Given that cheaters grow faster than secretors when in direct competition, what maintains the widely observed patterns of secretion? Recent theory has emphasized the genetic structure of populations, in which secretors tend to associate spatially with other secretors, reducing direct competition and allowing highly secreting groups to share mutual benefits. Such kin selection can be a powerful force favouring cooperative traits. Here, I argue that, although kin selection is a factor, the combination of mutation and demographic processes dominate in determining the relative fitness of secretors versus cheaters when measured over the full cycle of microbial life history. Key demographic factors include the local density of microbes at which secretion significantly alters the environment, the extent to which secretion enhances microbial growth and maximum local density, and the ways in which secretion alters colony survival and dispersal.
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Dharma, Samjotha, Sahana Purushotham, and Sreeraj Surendran. "Variation of ABO phenotypes, Rhesus factor and salivary secretor status in chronic periodontitis patients with and without type II diabetes mellitus: A cross sectional study." Biomedicine 44, no. 1 (2024): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v44i1.3893.
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Introduction and Aim: While numerous studies have explored the connection between ABO blood groups and disease incidence in various medical contexts, there has been a scarcity of research dedicated to examining the relationship between ABO blood groups and the occurrence of oral diseases with a specific focus on those with and without Type II diabetes mellitus. Understanding the patient’s blood group and salivary secretor status might help to create a new qualitative personalized approach in preclinical diagnosis and to develop preventive measures. Hence, this study delves into the correlation between ABO phenotypes, Rhesus factor, and salivary secretor status in chronic periodontitis patients, with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised 120 subjects aged between 35 and 60 years. Participants were categorized into three groups: Group A, consisting of patients with only chronic periodontitis; Group B, including patients with only Type II Diabetes Mellitus; and Group C, comprising individuals with both chronic periodontitis and Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Salivary secretor status was determined using the absorption elution method. Results: Group B showed the highest percentage of salivary secretors (97.5%), followed by group A (95%) and group C showed the least percentage of secretors (92.5%). Group B showed the least percentage of non-secretors (2.5%), Group A showed 5% and group C showed the highest percentage of non-secretors (7.5%). The common blood groups in Study Group A were O>B>A>AB. Similarly in Group B, the blood groups were B>O=A>AB and finally in Study Group C, the common blood groups were B>A>O>AB. Majority of the individuals were Rh Positive. Conclusion: The current study has identified a correlation between ABO phenotype, Rh phenotype, and secretor status among individuals with periodontitis, both with and without type 2 diabetes.
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Rubio Romero, Gustavo, Alana Weinstein, Verena Friedl, et al. "Clinical and genomic hallmarks of low PSA secretors in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (2019): 5051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.5051.
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5051 Background: Metastatic disease burden out of proportion to low serum PSA level is frequently used as a clinical surrogate for the diagnosis of treatment-emergent small cell neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-SCNC), although many t-SCNC patients (pts) have normal or elevated PSA levels. The clinical and genomic characteristics of mCRPC pts who are Low PSA Secretors have not been previously described. Methods: Eligible mCRPC patients (pts) underwent image-guided needle biopsy. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue was evaluated with targeted next-generation DNA sequencing. Fresh frozen tissue from the same metastatic tumor underwent RNA-seq. A validated AR transcriptional signature was applied. Low PSA Secretors were defined as pts with PSA < 5 ng/mL plus ≥ 6 metastases on conventional imaging at the time of tumor biopsy. Clinical and genomic characteristics were compared between low PSA Secretors and all other pts. Results: Of 89 evaluable pts, 9 (10%) were identified as Low PSA Secretors. There was no difference between Low PSA Secretors and all other pts in: serum PSA at diagnosis, frequency of Gleason ≥ 8 adenocarcinoma at diagnosis, and serum level of LDH, alkaline phosphatase, or hemoglobin at the time of biopsy. Lung and/or liver metastases were more common in low PSA secretors (67% vs. 33%, p = 0.04). There was no difference in serum level of LDH, alkaline phosphatase, or hemoglobin. Tumor biopsies from Low PSA Secretors were more likely to fall within a previously defined t-SCNC transcriptional cluster (80% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). RB1 loss or inactivating mutations appeared to be enriched in Low PSA Secretors (40% vs. 12%, p = 0.09); there was no difference in frequency of TP53 alterations between subgroups. AR transcriptional signature scores were lower in the Low PSA Secretor group (median score -3.63 vs. 0.66, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Low serum PSA levels in relation to metastatic tumor burden may be a reliable surrogate for the detection of mCRPC that harbors the transcriptional and genomic hallmarks of t-SCNC. Validation studies are warranted.
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Johnsen, Jill M., Ermias Yohannes, and Thomas W. Walsh. "Fut2 −/− (Non-Secretor) Mice Exhibit High Vwf Levels." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 2184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2184.2184.
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Abstract Abstract 2184 Levels of the critical adhesive glycoprotein von Willebrand Factor (VWF) are widely variable in human populations. Two-thirds of VWF variation is heritable, of which one-third is due to the carbohydrate blood group ABO. Another closely related carbohydrate blood group, Secretor (FUT2), has also been reported to influence VWF levels, but this association is controversial. In humans, FUT2 nonsense mutations are common and result in the loss of FUT2 enzyme activity and the absence of Lewis and ABH sugars in mucosal secretions, hence the designation of FUT2 null individuals as “non-Secretors”. The FUT2 (Secretor) fucosyltransferase makes H antigen (fucalpha1à2betagal) in mucosal tissues, which can subsequently be fucosylated by other Lewis enzymes (FUT3, FUT6, etc.) to generate the variations within the Lewis blood groups system, or serve as a substrate for the ABO glycosyltransferase to generate ABH structures. To investigate the hypothesis that Secretor influences VWF, we examined Vwf levels in Fut2 knock-out (non-Secretor) mice. The Fut2 knock-out mouse line backcrossed >20 generations to C57BL6/J was recovered from cryopreserved stock at the Jackson Laboratory. Eight to 12 week old male mice were selected for study to avoid the potential effects of estrous and aging on Vwf levels. Platelet-poor plasma was obtained from Fut2−/− (non-Secretor, n=7) and their Fut2+/+ (Secretor, n=5) littermates and assayed for Vwf antigen (Vwf:Ag) by sandwich ELISA using polyclonal anti-VWF antibodies [rabbit anti-human VWF (Dako); sheep anti-human VWF (Abcam)] and a pooled C57BL6/J plasma standard. Non-Secretor (Fut2−/−) animals exhibited Vwf:Ag levels nearly double those of their Secretor (Fut2+/+) littermates (p<0.01, Table 1). These data show that Secretor (Fut2) plays a significant role in VWF homeostasis in mice, consistent with previous reports suggesting that human Secretors have lower VWF levels than non-Secretors. We speculate that the large effect size of Fut2 on Vwf:Ag observed in this study is due to the absence of the confounding effects of variation in ABO and vascular H expression common amongst humans. Though Fut2 is expressed primarily at mucosal surfaces, FUT2-derived H antigen is thought to be transferred to red cells via adsorption of glycolipids. This work offers new clues into the complexities of VWF homeostasis by implicating carbohydrate-dependent mechanisms other than those of classical intracellular ER-golgi post-translational glycosylation as a means to influence VWF. Vwf:Ag (+/− 1SD) Secretor (Fut2+/+) 103 +/− 39 Non-Secretor (Fut2−/−) 196 +/− 65 p=0.01, Student's unpaired two-tailed ttest. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Blackwell, C. C., D. M. Weir, V. S. James, et al. "Secretor status, smoking and carriage ofNeisseria meningitidis." Epidemiology and Infection 104, no. 2 (1990): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800059367.
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SUMMARYA survey of ABO blood groups, secretor status and smoking habits among 389 students and staff of a school in which there was an outbreak of meningococcal disease found no difference in the distribution of the ABO blood groups but a significantly higher proportion of non-secretors (37·6%) in the population examined compared with that reported for previous surveys of the neighbouring population in Glasgow (26·2%) (P< 0·0005). There was also a significantly higher proportion of non-secretors among carriers of meningococci (47%) compared with non-carriers (32%). Increased carriage of meningococci among non-secretors might contribute to the increased susceptibility of individuals with this genetic characteristic to meningococcal disease observed in previous studies. Although passive exposure to cigarette smoke has been associated with meningococcal disease, there was no association between passive smoking and carriage. There was, however, a significant association between active smoking and carriage.
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Sharma, K., and S. Sharma. "Quantitative Estimates of ABH Secretion in Saliva of Human Twins." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 47, no. 2 (1998): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000000283.
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AbstractBlood and saliva samples of 122 like-sexed twin pairs (65 MZ and 57 DZ) living in Chandigarh (India) were analyzed for ABH polymorphism. The results indicated that ABH secretions were independent of ABO blood groups though there was an indication of higher incidence of non-secretors among ‘O’ blood group twin individuals. No significant differences were observed between twins and singletons in secretor gene frequency estimates. The quantitative data revealed that mean titre scores for H substances were lower than that for A and B substances. F test contrasting intra-pair variance between zygosities for ABH quantitative secretions was highly significant indicating stronger genetic component of variation. The results suggested that quantitative assay of ABH secretions would be a better indicator for zygosity determination than mere qualitative differentiation.
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Mohammed, Nazzla Abd Alhameed H., Elfatih Mohammed A. Ali, Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf, Tibyan Abdalmajed Altaher, Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed, and Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad. "Detection of ABH Antigen in Sudanese Patients with Chronic Renal Failure in Shendi Town, Sudan." Middle East Research Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no. 02 (2024): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/merjms.2024.v04i02.001.
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Background: Patients suffering from chronic renal failure have significant challenges in their social and economic lives. In Sudan, the annual incidence of chronic renal failure is between 70 and 140 cases per million, and until more is done to address this illness, the problem is likely to persist. Blood group types appear to be associated with secretor status and certain disorders, in addition to the main therapeutic significance of the ABO blood group to organ transplantation and blood transfusions. Objective: To determine the prevalence of ABO and secretor status, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among Sudanese patients receiving hemodialysis for chronic renal failure disease at the kidney treatment and surgical center in Shendi City between August and December 2021. Materials and Methods: Fifty samples total from patients with chronic renal failure were taken; of these, 42% were female and 58% were male. Two milliliters of venous blood and three milliliters of saliva were collected in sterile containers and EDTA anticoagulant containers, respectively. Slides were used to do ABO grouping, and absorption inhibition was used to determine secretor status. Results: 44% of patients with CKD were blood group O, 38% were blood group A, 16% were blood group B, and 2% were blood group AB. The data also revealed that 68% of patients with CKD were non-secretors and 32% were secretors. According to the study, there was a decrease in the frequency of the Se gene compared to the Se gene. The homozygous genotype SeSe was found to be 3%, the heterozygous genotype Sese to be 29%, and the recessive genotype Sese to be 68%. Additionally, the blood groups O and A have a higher risk of renal failure. Conclusions: Blood group O was the highest frequency among patients receiving hemodialysis for chronic renal failure, followed by blood groups A and B, while blood group AB was the least prevalent. The non-secretors had a higher genotype frequency. Renal failure is more common among non-secretors.
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Bakhtiari, Sedigheh, Zahra Yadegari, Marziyeh Kaviyani, Zahra Namazi, and Mahin Bakhshi. "Secretor Status of ABO Antigens in Saliva of a Defined Group of Iranian Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Case-Control Study." Scientifica 2020 (July 30, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2950856.
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Introduction. Pemphigus is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease which can cause blisters and mucocutaneous erosions. ABO secretor refers to those who secrete ABO blood group antigens based on their blood type in body fluids such as saliva, sweat, tears, semen, and serum. Previous studies showed that nonsecretor people are more prone to certain autoimmune diseases. Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the ABO secretor status in the saliva of patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Materials and Methods. This case-control study was conducted on 35 patients with pemphigus vulgaris and 35 healthy controls. The two groups were matched for age and gender. Pemphigus vulgaris diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and direct immunofluorescence microscopy. ABO blood grouping was done, and 5 ml of unstimulated saliva was collected to determine secretor status. Secretors were recognized from nonsecretors by the Wiener agglutination inhibition test. Results were extracted by using statistical chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results. 16 male and 19 female patients aged 49.43 ± .12.37 years were compared with 16 male and 19 female controls aged 46.43 ± 11.88 years. The most frequent blood group among case and control groups was O (54.3% and 60%, respectively). There was no significant difference in blood groups (P=0.73). 90% of the samples were ABO secretors. The patient group included 31 (88.6%) and the control group included 32 (91.4%) ABO secretors; there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=1.000). Conclusion. In this study, we observed that the people with nonsecretor status in comparison with the people with secretor status are not more susceptible to develop pemphigus vulgaris.
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Sharma, Sumit, and Johan Nordgren. "Effect of Infant and Maternal Secretor Status on Rotavirus Vaccine Take—An Overview." Viruses 13, no. 6 (2021): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061144.
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Histo-blood group antigens, which are present on gut epithelial surfaces, function as receptors or attachment factors and mediate susceptibility to rotavirus infection. The major determinant for susceptibility is a functional FUT2 enzyme which mediates the presence of α-1,2 fucosylated blood group antigens in mucosa and secretions, yielding the secretor-positive phenotype. Secretors are more susceptible to infection with predominant rotavirus genotypes, as well as to the commonly used live rotavirus vaccines. Difference in susceptibility to the vaccines is one proposed factor for the varying degree of efficacy observed between countries. Besides infection susceptibility, secretor status has been found to modulate rotavirus specific antibody levels in adults, as well as composition of breastmilk in mothers and microbiota of the infant, which are other proposed factors affecting rotavirus vaccine take. Here, the known and possible effects of secretor status in both infant and mother on rotavirus vaccine take are reviewed and discussed.
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Cossu, M., M. S. Lantini, and R. Puxeddu. "Immunocytochemical localization of Lewis blood group antigens in human salivary glands." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 42, no. 8 (1994): 1135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/42.8.8027532.
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We demonstrated the immunohistochemical distribution of Le-a and Le-b blood group antigens in human major and minor salivary glands at the ultrastructural level by applying a post-embedding immunogold staining method. In secretors' glands, a faint Le-a reactivity was found only in mucous droplets, whereas Le-b antigen was intensely stained in secretory granules of most mucous cells, in those of intercalated duct cells, in the pale granular matrix of some serous cells, and, when osmication was omitted, in cytoplasmatic vesicles and cell surfaces of striated ducts. In the submandibular gland of a non-secretor, Le-a antigen was considerably stained in mucous droplets, whereas Le-b reactivity was restricted to the striated duct cells. These results indicate that the secretor status affects the secretion of Lewis antigens by mucous, serous, and intercalated duct cells but not the presence of Le-b as a surface antigen in striated duct cells.
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Lee, Benjamin, Md Abdul Kader, Masud Alam, et al. "Infant Non-Secretor Histoblood Group Antigen Phenotype Reduces Susceptibility to Both Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Rotavirus Infection." Pathogens 13, no. 3 (2024): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13030223.
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The infant non-secretor histoblood group antigen phenotype is associated with reduced risk of symptomatic rotavirus diarrhea, one of the leading global causes of severe pediatric diarrheal disease and mortality. However, little is known regarding the role of secretor status in asymptomatic rotavirus infections. Therefore, we performed a nested case–control study within a birth cohort study previously conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to determine the association between infant secretor phenotype and the odds of asymptomatic rotavirus infection, in addition to the risk of rotavirus diarrhea, in unvaccinated infants. In the parent cohort, infants were enrolled in the first week of life and followed through the first two years of life with multiple clinic visits and active surveillance for diarrheal illness. Secretor phenotyping was performed on saliva. Eleven surveillance stools collected over the first year of life were tested for rotavirus by real-time RT-PCR, followed by conventional PCR and amplicon sequencing to identify the infecting P-type of positive specimens. Similar to findings for symptomatic diarrhea, infant non-secretors experienced significantly fewer primary episodes of asymptomatic rotavirus infection through the first year of life in a likely rotavirus P-genotype-dependent manner. These data suggest that non-secretors experienced reduced risk from rotavirus due to decreased susceptibility to infection rather than reduced infection severity.
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Dela, Flemming, Michael E. von Linstow, Kári Joensen Mikines та Henrik Galbo. "Physical training may enhance β-cell function in type 2 diabetes". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 287, № 5 (2004): E1024—E1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00056.2004.
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In healthy young subjects, training increases insulin sensitivity but decreases the capacity to secrete insulin. We studied whether training changes β-cell function in type 2 diabetic patients. Patients, stratified into “moderate” and “low” secretors according to individual C-peptide responses to an intravenous glucagon test, were randomly assigned to a training program [ergometer cycling 30–40 min/day, including at least 20 min at 75% maximum oxygen consumption (V̇o2 max), 5 days/wk for 3 mo] or a sedentary schedule. Before and after the intervention (16 h after last training bout), a sequential hyperglycemic (90 min at 11, 18, and 25 mM) clamp was performed. An intravenous bolus of 5 g of arginine was given at the end. Training increased V̇o2 max 17 ± 13% and decreased heart rate during submaximal exercise ( P < 0.05). During the 3 mo of sedentary lifestyle, insulin and C-peptide responses to the clamp procedures were unchanged in both moderate and low secretors. Likewise, no change in β-cell response was seen after training in the low secretors ( n = 5). In contrast, moderate secretors ( n = 9) showed significant increases in β-cell responses to 18 and 25 mM hyperglycemia and to arginine stimulation. Glucagon responses to arginine as well as measures of insulin sensitivity and Hb A1c levels were not altered by training. In conclusion, in type 2 diabetic patients, training may enhance β-cell function if the remaining secretory capacity is moderate but not if it is low. The improved β-cell function does not require changes in insulin sensitivity and Hb A1c concentration.
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Saben, Jessica L., Ann Abraham, Lars Bode, Clark R. Sims, and Aline Andres. "Third-Trimester Glucose Homeostasis in Healthy Women Is Differentially Associated with Human Milk Oligosaccharide Composition at 2 Months Postpartum by Secretor Phenotype." Nutrients 12, no. 8 (2020): 2209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082209.
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Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are bioactive molecules in human milk that play a critical role in infant health. Obesity and associated metabolic aberrations can negatively impact lactation and alter milk composition. Here, the relationship between maternal glucose homeostasis and HMO composition from 136 healthy women was examined. Maternal glucose homeostasis (fasting plasma glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and insulin sensitivity index) was evaluated at 30 weeks of gestation in healthy women (body mass index = 18.5–35 kg/m2). Human milk samples were collected at two months postpartum. HMO concentrations were measured via high performance liquid chromatography. Women were categorized into “secretor” and “non-secretor” groups based on 2′-Fucosyllactose concentrations (<100 nmol/mL, non-secretor). Pearson’s correlation analysis and linear models were used to assess the relationships between maternal glucose homeostasis and HMO concentrations. In non-secretors, third trimester fasting plasma glucose and insulin were negatively associated with total HMO-bound sialic acid and concentrations of the sialylated HMOs 3′-sialyllactose and disialylacto-N-tetraose. In secretors, difucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose-II concentrations increased and sialyllacto-N-tetraose c and sialyllacto-N-tetraose b decreased as insulin sensitivity increased. This study is the first to demonstrate a relationship between obesity-associated maternal factors and HMO composition in both secretor and non-secretor populations.
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SERPA, Jacinta, Nuno MENDES, Celso A. REIS, et al. "Two new FUT2 (fucosyltransferase 2 gene) missense polymorphisms, 739G→A and 839T→C, are partly responsible for non-secretor status in a Caucasian population from Northern Portugal." Biochemical Journal 383, no. 3 (2004): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20040803.
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Secretor status is defined by the expression of H type 1 antigen on gastric surface epithelium and external secretions. The H type 1 structure, and other fucosylated carbohydrates (Lea, sialyl-Lea, Leb, Lex, sialyl-Lex and Ley), can serve as ligands for several pathogens, including Helicobacter pylori, and are cancer-associated antigens. Secretor individuals are more susceptible to some bacterial and viral infections of the genito-urinary and digestive tracts. The aim of the present study was to examine FUT2 (fucosyltransferase 2 gene) polymorphisms in a Caucasian population of non-secretor individuals (n=36) from northern Portugal and to evaluate the activity of the mutant FUT2 enzymes. The secretor status was determined by UEAI [Ulex europaeus (gorse) lectin] histochemistry in gastric mucosa, and FUT2 polymorphisms were studied by restriction-fragment-length polymorphism and direct sequencing. The majority of non-secretors (88.9%) were homozygous for 428G→A polymorphism; 5.6% were homozygous for 571C→T and 5.6% were homozygous for two new missense polymorphisms, 739G→A (2.8%) and 839T→C (2.8%). By kinetic studies it was demonstrated that the two new FUT2 mutants (739G→A and 839T→C) are almost inactive and are responsible for some non-secretor cases.
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Thiagarajan, Shanmugapriya, Selvaraj Stephen, Sarangapani Kanagamuthu, et al. "Predisposition of Blood group Non-secretors to Urinary tract infection with Escherichia coli Anti-microbial Resistance and Acute Kidney Injury." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 4 (2021): 2085–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.4.31.
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Urinary tract infection (UTI) causes significant renal damage and disease severity is compounded by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and other comorbidities in the patient. Blood group antigens secreted in body fluids (secretor status) are known to play a role in bacterial adhesion and we studied its influence on AMR in UTI. A total of 2758 patients with UTI were studied with urine culture, qualitative and semiquantitative urine microscopy, serum creatinine and secretor status in saliva samples by adsorption-inhibition method. Of these, AMR from 300 patients with E. coli infection were assessed as per CLSI 2019 guidelines and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes (bla TEM, bla CTX-M, bla SHV) and NDM1 genes were studied using TaqMan probes in Real-time polymerase chain reaction. Patients with UTI were followed up for two weeks. Female patients had higher predilection (57%) for E. coli infection while patients with diabetes or non-secretors had none. In our study, ESBL producers were seen in 62% of the E. coli isolates and fosfomycin had 100% susceptibility. Non-secretors were significantly associated with acute kidney injury (AKI), AMR and ESBL genes. Multidrug-resistance (MDR) was noted in 127/160 (79.4%) ESBL and 17/18 (94%) NDM1 gene encoding strains. Quantitative urine microscopy scoring predicted AKI both at presentation and at end of follow up. ESBL producers were common in our study population and non-secretors had a significant association with AMR genes. Urine microscopy scoring system may be a useful tool to predict AKI in patients with UTI.
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Busarcevic, Ivan, Svetlana Vojvodic, and Una Vojvodic. "Association between secretor status and Lewis phenotype with seronegative spondyloarthritis as indicator of autoimmunity." Genetika 52, no. 1 (2020): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2001127b.
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The classical paradigm of autoimmune pathogenesis involving specific genetic makeup and exposure to environmental triggers has been challenged recently by the addition of a third element, the loss of intestinal barrier function. Regardless of HLA B27 phenotype or gastrointestinal symptoms, evidence of ileitis, ileocolitis or colitis exists in patients with spondyloarthropathy. The FUT2 secretory gene is a strong candidate for Crohn's susceptibility by shaping the functional states of mucosal microbiota and may thus have influence on the release of zonulin, the main regulator of gut permeability. Gram negative bacteria precipitate and may be involved in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthropathies. Susceptibility to many infectious agents is associated with ABO blood group or secretor state. Patients who cannot secrete ABO and Lewis blood group antigens into body fluids, an ability controlled by a single gene on chromosome 19, are known to be at increased risk of certain autoimmune diseases associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) markers. Lewis (Le) blood group phenotype can be used to infer secretor status. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of secretor state and Lewis blood group phenotype in patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathies and healthy control subjects. Hundred and ten (110) patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathies (58 females and 52 males) and 103 control (74 males and 29 females) subjects participated in this study. Samples of saliva and blood were subjected to haemagglutination inhibition tests for determination of secretor status and Lewis phenotype. A total of 92(84%) patients and 92 (89%) control subjects were secretors while 18 (16%) patients and 11 (11%) control subjects were non-secretors. There was no statistically significant difference (?2 1,461 p<0,05 and degrees of freedom 1) in distribution of secretor status in comparison to seronegative spondyloarthropathies by comparing two observed populations. Seven patients had modified (reduced) expression of Lewis b antigen on their erythrocytes. Reduction of Lewis b antigen expression was not observed on erythrocytes of healthy subjects. Reduced expression of Lewis b antigen could be a consequence of the inflammatory process within the gut and it also suggests several pathogenic mechanisms which may be relevant to the synthesis of Lewis antigens inside the gut or its absorption on erythrocytes in patients with spondyloarthropathy.
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Swartling, Lisa, Elda Sparrelid, Per Ljungman, et al. "The Importance of Secretor-Status in Norovirus Infection Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Viruses 14, no. 7 (2022): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071350.
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Background. Human secretor-status is a strong susceptibility factor for norovirus infection in immunocompetent people. The predominant norovirus genotype GII.4 almost exclusively infects secretors and is also associated with more severe symptoms. However, it is not known to what extent this also applies to immunocompromised individuals. Our objective was to determine the importance of secretor-status and norovirus genotype for the susceptibility and/or the clinical course of norovirus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 89 HCT patients diagnosed with norovirus infection. Secretor-status and norovirus genotype were determined using stored extracted DNA or blood (n = 89) and fecal samples (n = 22), respectively. Results: Seven of eighty-nine (8%) of the patients were secretor-negative, a small proportion compared to the expected rate of at least 20% non-secretors in the general Swedish population. Among the genotyped samples, norovirus genotype GII.4 was predominant (n = 12) and only detected in secretor-positive individuals. Patients with norovirus GII.4 had a median symptom duration of 36 (3–681) days compared to 15 (1–94) days in patients infected with other norovirus genotypes (n = 10, p = 0.1). Conclusions: The results suggest that secretor-status affects the susceptibility to norovirus infection even when the immune system is severely compromised. The norovirus genotype may also be a risk factor for chronic norovirus symptoms in immunocompromised patients.
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Loureiro Tonini, Marco André, Débora Maria Pires Gonçalves Barreira, Luciana Bueno de Freitas Santolin, et al. "FUT2, Secretor Status and FUT3 Polymorphisms of Children with Acute Diarrhea Infected with Rotavirus and Norovirus in Brazil." Viruses 12, no. 10 (2020): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12101084.
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Host susceptibility according to human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) is widely known for norovirus infection, but is less described for rotavirus. Due to the variable HBGA polymorphism among populations, we aimed to evaluate the association between HBGA phenotypes (ABH, Lewis and secretor status) and susceptibility to rotavirus and norovirus symptomatic infection, and the polymorphisms of FUT2 and FUT3, of children from southeastern Brazil. Paired fecal-buccal specimens from 272 children with acute diarrhea were used to determine rotavirus/norovirus genotypes and HBGAs phenotypes/genotypes, respectively. Altogether, 100 (36.8%) children were infected with rotavirus and norovirus. The rotavirus P[8] genotype predominates (85.7%). Most of the noroviruses (93.8%) belonged to genogroup II (GII). GII.4 Sydney represented 76% (35/46) amongst five other genotypes. Rotavirus and noroviruses infected predominantly children with secretor status (97% and 98.5%, respectively). However, fewer rotavirus-infected children were Lewis-negative (8.6%) than the norovirus-infected ones (18.5%). FUT3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) occurred mostly at the T59G > G508A > T202C > C314T positions. Our results reinforce the current knowledge that secretors are more susceptible to infection by both rotavirus and norovirus than non-secretors. The high rate for Lewis negative (17.1%) and the combination of SNPs, beyond the secretor status, may reflect the highly mixed population in Brazil.
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Felix, R., J. Horta, and G. Cota. "Comparison of lactotrope subtypes of neonatal and adult male rats: plaque assays and patch-clamp studies." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 265, no. 1 (1993): E121—E127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1993.265.1.e121.
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We examined the differences in lactotrope number and function between pituitary cultures from neonatal (10-day-old) and adult male rats. Basal hormone release was measured with the reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Whole cell Ba2+ currents through Ca2+ channels were recorded from identified prolactin (PRL) secretors with the patch-clamp technique. Lactotropes were classified in two groups according to the relative amount of PRL released: small-plaque (SP) secretors accounted for 6% of all cells in both neonatal and adult pituitary cultures, whereas large-plaque (LP) secretors comprised 13% of the adult pituitary cells but were scarce in cultures from neonates. Simultaneous plaque assays for PRL and growth hormone (GH) showed that in adults as well as in neonates the number of SP and LP secretors was similar to the number of lactosomatotropes (PRL cells that also release GH) and classical lactotropes (PRL-only cells), respectively. Ba2+ current density at positive membrane potentials was markedly higher in adult LP secretors than in neonatal or adult SP lactotropes. We conclude that the appearance of LP secretors constitutes a major postnatal change within the rat lactotrope population. These cells present a large activity of high-threshold Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane, release PRL at high basal rates, and may correspond to classical lactotropes. The results further suggest that neonatal lactotrope-like cells persist during development and give place to adult SP secretors.
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May, S. J., A. Rahat, C. C. Blackwell, C. J. MacCallum, R. P. Brettle, and D. M. Weir. "Characterization ofEscherichia colistrains isolated from urine of secretors and non-secretors." FEMS Microbiology Letters 47, no. 6-7 (1989): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb02424.x.
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Obaid, Jamil M. A. S., Baleegh A. Alkadasi, Manea M. M. Alahmari, et al. "Periodontal Diseases and Salivary Secretion of ABH Blood Antigens in Yemeni Patients." Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 13, no. 5 (2023): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2023.3307.
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This study explored the secretion trait as a risk factor for periodontal disease progression. 162 patients suffering from periodontal disease attended the Outpatient Dental Clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University, and 69 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Clinical evaluation for periodontal disease was carried out according to international guidelines and expressed by pocket probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL) parameters. A blood sample was collected and tested for blood grouping test, and a saliva sample was analyzed for secretion using hemagglutination inhibition test. Secretor patients were 82% compared with 64% of healthy control. Mean score of BOB and PPD and the clinical magnitude of CAL parameters were increased within secretors. The development of periodontal diseases increased among secretors by 2.61 times more than non-secretors (OR = 2.61, CI, 1.382–4.914, p = 0.004). Significant periodontal complaints associated with secretion are Bleeding gums (OR = 1.95, CI, 1.011–3.759, p = 0.049), malaligned teeth (OR = 4.49 (CI, 1.842–10.958), p = 0.0001), gingival recession (OR = 2.48, CI, 1.322–4.648, p = 0.007), and teeth decay (OR = 1.86, CI, 1.006–3.438, p = 0.05). Secretion of ABH antigens is risk factor for progression of periodontal diseases. The odds of periodontal complaints, bleeding gums, malaligned teeth, gingival recession, and tooth decay prove the ABH secretion effect.
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Asher, Adi Talan, Laurence Mangel, Julius Ben Ari, et al. "Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profile across Lactation Stages in Israeli Women—A Prospective Observational Study." Nutrients 15, no. 11 (2023): 2548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15112548.
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Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) stimulate the growth of gut commensals, prevent the adhesion of enteropathogens and modulate host immunity. The major factors influencing variations in the HMO profile are polymorphisms in the secretor (Se) or Lewis (Le) gene, which affect the activity of the enzymes fucoslytransferase 2 and 3 (FUT2 and FUT3) that lead to the formation of four major fucosylated and non-fucosylated oligosaccharides (OS). This pilot study aimed to determine the HMO profile of Israeli breastfeeding mothers of 16 term and 4 preterm infants, from a single tertiary center in the Tel Aviv area. Fifty-two human milk samples were collected from 20 mothers at three-time points: colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk. The concentrations of nine HMOs were assessed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectra chromatograms. Fifty-five percent of the mothers were secretors and 45% were non-secretors. Infant sex affected HMO levels depending on the maternal secretor status. Secretor mothers to boys had higher levels of FUT2-dependent OS and higher levels of disialyllacto-N-tetraose in the milk of mothers to girls, whereas non-secretor mothers to girls had higher levels of 3′-sialyllactose. In addition, the season at which the human milk samples were obtained affected the levels of some HMOs, resulting in significantly lower levels in the summer. Our findings provide novel information on the irregularity in the HMO profile among Israeli lactating women and identify several factors contributing to this variability.
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Rossouw, Esmari, Marieke Brauer, Pieter Meyer, Nicolette M. du Plessis, Theunis Avenant, and Janet Mans. "Virus Etiology, Diversity and Clinical Characteristics in South African Children Hospitalised with Gastroenteritis." Viruses 13, no. 2 (2021): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020215.
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Background: Viral gastroenteritis remains a major cause of hospitalisation in young children. This study aimed to determine the distribution and diversity of enteric viruses in children ≤5 years, hospitalised with gastroenteritis at Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa, between July 2016 and December 2017. Methods: Stool specimens (n = 205) were screened for norovirus GI and GII, rotavirus, sapovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus by multiplex RT-PCR. HIV exposure and FUT2 secretor status were evaluated. Secretor status was determined by FUT2 genotyping. Results: At least one gastroenteritis virus was detected in 47% (96/205) of children. Rotavirus predominated (46/205), followed by norovirus (32/205), adenovirus (15/205), sapovirus (9/205) and astrovirus (3/205). Norovirus genotypes GI.3, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.7, GII.12, GII.21, and rotavirus strains G1P[8], G2P[4], G2P[6], G3P[4], G3P[8], G8P[4], G8P[6], G9P[6], G9P[8] and sapovirus genotypes GI.1, GI.2, GII.1, GII.4, GII.8 were detected; norovirus GII.4[P31] and rotavirus G3P[4] predominated. Asymptomatic norovirus infection (GI.3, GI.7, GII.4, GII.6, GII.13) was detected in 22% of 46 six-week follow up stools. HIV exposure (30%) was not associated with more frequent or severe viral gastroenteritis hospitalisations compared to unexposed children. Rotavirus preferentially infected secretor children (p = 0.143) and norovirus infected 78% secretors and 22% non-secretors. Conclusion: Rotavirus was still the leading cause of gastroenteritis hospitalisations, but norovirus caused more severe symptoms.
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Kineman, R. D., and L. S. Frawley. "Secretory characteristics and phenotypic plasticity of growth hormone- and prolactin-producing cell lines." Journal of Endocrinology 140, no. 3 (1994): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1400455.
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Abstract Considerable information regarding the regulation of GH and prolactin (PRL) release has been generated using pituitary cell lines as model systems. Inasmuch as these cultures have been derived from single cells by clonal selection it has frequently been assumed that they are composed of homogeneous populations of hormone secretors. However, experience with GH3 cells clearly demonstrates that such is not the case, since this GH- and PRL-producing line is comprised of a mixture of cells that are bihormonal, secrete only GH, or secrete neither hormone. Interestingly, the relative amount of these phenotypic subpopulations is not fixed, but can be altered by treatment with established regulators of GH and PRL secretion. This potential for secretory heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity prompted us to examine the cellular composition of other commonly used GH- and/or PRL-secreting cell lines under control and treatment conditions. First, GH4C1, GH1, GC, MMQ and P0 cells were maintained according to established media and culture protocols and the relative abundance of GH and PRL secretors was assessed by reverse haemolytic plaque assays. As shown previously for GH3 cells, two cell lines were found to be functionally heterogeneous. Specifically, GH4C1 and GH1 were comprised of mixed populations of GH (25·9±1·1% and 51·3±6·5% (s.e.m.) respectively) and PRL (44·8±3·7 and 66·1 ±4·1% respectively) secretors. However, MMQ and GC cell cultures were relatively homogeneous with respect to hormone secretion in that the MMQ cells released PRL (72·2 ± 4·9%) but not GH, while GC cells released GH (93·6 ±1·4%) but not PRL. Similarly, P0 cell cultures contained predominantly GH-secreting cells (96·4±1·2%), but a few cells were detected that released PRL (1·1 ±0·1%). We then tested whether cortisol or oestradiol-17β (OE2) could alter the secretory composition of cell lines identified as reasonably homogeneous (GC, MMQ and P0) by treating cultures with steroids at doses ranging from 0·001 to 1000 nmol/l for up to 144 h. The presence of steroids in GC and MMQ lines did not affect the percentage of GH and PRL secretors. However, treatment of P0 cells with 0·001 to 1000 nmol OE2/l for 24, 48 and 144 h resulted in a dramatic increase in PRL cells when compared with controls. These increases occurred without alterations in GH percentages and in the absence of significant cell proliferation. In fact, OE2 suppressed the proliferation of P0 cells to 20% of the control rate (P<0·05), suggesting that OE2 induced pre-existing GH-secreting cells to release both GH and PRL. Taken together, these results clearly indicate that clonal origin does not guarantee homogeneity of function, and alteration in the culture environment can have profound effects on the secretory cell composition of acidophilic cell lines. These considerations have important implications for the interpretation of results generated with GH- and/or PRL-secreting cell lines. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 140, 455–463
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Torres Roldan, Victor D., Meritxell Urtecho S, Julia Gupta, et al. "Human milk oligosaccharides and their association with late-onset neonatal sepsis in Peruvian very-low-birth-weight infants." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112, no. 1 (2020): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa102.
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ABSTRACT Background Oligosaccharides are the third most abundant component in human milk. They are a potential protective agent against neonatal sepsis. Objectives We aimed to explore the association between human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and late-onset sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants, and to describe the composition and characteristics of HMOs in Peruvian mothers of these infants. Methods This is a secondary data analysis of a randomized clinical trial. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of mothers and their very-low-birth-weight (&lt;1500 g) infants with ≥1 milk sample and follow-up data for &gt;30 d. HMOs were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We used factor analysis and the Mantel–Cox test to explore the association between HMOs and late-onset neonatal sepsis. Results We included 153 mother–infant pairs and 208 milk samples. Overall, the frequency of the secretor phenotype was 93%. Secretors and nonsecretors were defined by the presence and near-absence of α1-2-fucosylated HMOs, respectively. The most abundant oligosaccharides were 2'-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I, and difucosyllacto-N-tetraose in secretors and lacto-N-tetraose and LNFP II in nonsecretors. Secretors had higher amounts of total oligosaccharides than nonsecretors (11.45 g/L; IQR: 0.773 g/L compared with 8.04 g/L; IQR: 0.449 g/L). Mature milk samples were more diverse in terms of HMOs than colostrum (Simpson's Reciprocal Diversity Index). We found an association of factor 3 in colostrum with a reduced risk of late-onset sepsis (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.97). Fucosyl-disialyllacto-N-hexose (FDSLNH) was the only oligosaccharide correlated to factor 3. Conclusions These findings suggest that concentrations of different HMOs vary from one individual to another according to their lactation period and secretor status. We also found that FDSLNH might protect infants with very low birth weight from late-onset neonatal sepsis. Confirming this association could prove 1 more mechanism by which human milk protects infants against infections and open the door to clinical applications of HMOs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01525316.