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Journal articles on the topic 'Sectional development'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

AMAN, Tauseef, Mussawar SHAH, Humera JAMAL, Younas KHAN, Muhammad ARIF, and Rubina NOOR. "A Cross Sectional Analysis of Tourism Development and Social Development." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.12.2(50).16.

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The major objective of this study was to measure the association between various interventions and Chitral Gole National Park (CGNP) role in preservation of bio-diversity and socio-economic uplift. A sample size of 346 respondents was randomly selected from total population of 3326 from the 4 selected villages on the basis of close proximity. A conceptual framework including dependent variable social development and independent variable tourism development were taken. The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, Chi-square test was applied to know the relationship between dependent and independent variables at bi-variate level. In bi-variate analysis a highly significant (P=0.000) relation was found between CGNP is main source of promoting tourism in Chitral,tourists do any impacts upon local community in terms of increased business activities, local culture is safeguarded despite influx of tourists in the area, tourism produced employment opportunities, and social development. Qualitative data supported the empirical findings, however tourism brings economic opportunities at micro and macro level, but unfortunately CGNP is not as satisfactory regarding generating income since its establishment. The government should ensure to make such polices pertaining to the entrance fee, provides accommodation services on payment to the tourists and to reserve the entrance fee or any other form of taxes to ensure CGNP to spend on self-sustaining basis by ensuring refinement in the procedures as well.

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Lee, Byung-Joo. "Uncovered Interest Parity: Cross-Sectional Evidence." Review of International Economics 19, no. 2 (April 12, 2011): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2011.00942.x.

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Bhamra, Tracy, Jo Heeley, and David Tyler. "A Cross-Sectional Approach to New Product Development." Design Journal 1, no. 3 (November 1998): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/146069298790225262.

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4

Majeed, M. Tariq, and Ayesha Noreen. "Financial Development and Output Volatility: A Cross-Sectional Panel Data Analysis." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 23, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 97–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2018.v23.i1.a5.

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This paper aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of financial developments on output volatility. Using cross-sectional and panel datasets for 79 countries from 1961 to 2012, we find that financial expansion plays a significant role in mitigating output volatility, although the evidence is weak in some cases. The role of financial stability is more prominent than that of other measures of financial growth in mitigating output volatility. The volatility of terms of trade and inflation contributes positively to increasing output volatility. We also evaluate the channels through which financial developments can affect output volatility. Our model investigates the link between financial growth and output volatility through two potential channels, using four measures of financial development. The volatility of inflation and of terms of trade are used as proxies for monetary sector and real sector volatility, respectively. Financial development plays a mixed role in amplifying or mitigating output volatility through real and monetary sector volatility. Overall, there is some evidence to suggest that financial development amplifies monetary sector volatility, but weaker evidence that real sector volatility is reduced by financial development.

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Rose, Kenneth R. "AN EXPLORATORY CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATIC DEVELOPMENT." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 22, no. 1 (March 2000): 27–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100001029.

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This paper reports the results of an exploratory cross-sectional study of pragmatic development among three groups of primary school students in Hong Kong who completed a cartoon oral production task (COPT) designed to elicit requests, apologies, and compliment responses. The first two of these speech acts are among the most well represented in the pragmatics literature and are also included in the Hong Kong English language syllabus for primary schools. The latter has also been studied extensively but is not part of the syllabus. Data was collected in Cantonese using the same instrument. Although a number of developmental patterns are revealed—particularly in choice of request strategy, frequency of supportive moves, and use of adjuncts with apologies and compliment responses—there is little evidence of sensitivity to situational variation or pragmatic transfer from Cantonese. This study adds to the small, but growing, body of research on pragmatic development in a second language.

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Frank, L. E., A. van den Hout, and P. G. M. van der Heijden. "Repeated Cross-Sectional Randomized Response Data." Methodology 5, no. 4 (January 2009): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.5.4.145.

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Randomized response (RR) is an interview technique that can be used to protect the privacy of respondents if sensitive questions are posed. This paper explains how to measure change in time if a binary RR question is posed at several time points. In cross-sectional research settings, new insights often gradually emerge. In our setting, a switch to another RR procedure necessitates the development of a trend model that estimates the effect of the covariate time if the dependent variable is measured by different RR designs. We also demonstrate that it is possible to deal with self-protective responses, thus accommodating our trend model with the latest developments in RR data analysis.

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Thill, J.-C. "Modeling Store Choices with Cross-Sectional and Pooled Cross-Sectional Data: A Comparison." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 8 (August 1995): 1303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a271303.

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Contrary to many other types of spatial decisions, shopping destination choice behavior is highly repetitive. For the practitioner looking for good predictors of store patronage, for reliable marginal utility estimates and reliable market share predictions, a central concern is with the type of data best suited to the research question, given the existing logistic and financial constraints. Different approaches can be recognized in the literature in which conventional discrete choice models are applied to shopping destination choice problems. In this paper, two of the most common practices are assessed and compared. First, the choice model is estimated with all choices of a relevant destination observed during a certain period of time (pooled cross-sectional data). The alternative approach consists in an estimation with the choice of the destination where the majority of purchases takes place (cross-sectional data). In the particular data set employed here, no evidence is found to support the idea that a multinomial logit model estimated with cross-sectional data does not perform as well as a model estimated with pooled cross-sectional data. Both models are found to be similar in their ability to identity the main predictors of store choice. Models developed on either data sets have marginal utility estimates that exhibit no statistically significant differences. Finally, market share predictions derived from both models are not statistically different. It appears, therefore, that there is no need to collect repeated patronage data over an extended period of time. The practitioner who wishes to use a conventional discrete choice model may avoid spending much time and money by gathering limited data on regular patronage patterns. In addition to this practical implication, the conclusions suggest that regular shopping destinations are chosen in accordance with the same behavioral motives as ancillary destinations are.

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Lauridsen, Jørgen, and Jesùs Mur. "Multicollinearity in cross-sectional regressions." Journal of Geographical Systems 8, no. 4 (September 5, 2006): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10109-006-0031-z.

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9

GENERALOVA, Elena M. "HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF SECTIONAL TYPE MASS HOUSING IN RUSSIA." Urban construction and architecture 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2018.02.17.

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The history of typological development of apartment houses of sectional type is considered as the most complex, constantly developing housing on the territory of Russia. Particular attention is paid to the search for economical sectional houses with small apartments for further mass construction and experimental design work for the sett lement and their introduction in the pilot demonstration and experimental construction of the 9th and 12th microdistricts of Moscow. The system of stage-by-stage development of mass housing in the territory of Russia is disclosed until the 1990s. and in subsequent periods. It is proposed to single out six main stages in the development of mass housing with the defi nition of characteristic features for each stage. The euphoria of the construction of residential apartments and houses which was observed in the 90’s. has passed and at the present time the seventh stage in the development of residential buildings is being formed but this stage requires its solution and comprehension.

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10

Kažoka, Dzintra, and Māra Pilmane. "Detailed Images for Sustainability Development in Cross-Sectional Human Anatomy." Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jtes-2019-0015.

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Abstract In medical education and preclinical, clinical and transdisciplinary studies, tutors should be able to perform and offer qualitative study courses with more articulated perspective on higher educational sustainable development in higher education. Digital images have found their direct way to education in different medical areas. The aims of the study are to assess and verify the impact of cross-sectional images on the study process of Human Anatomy. In 2018, two randomly selected groups of 200 students from 2nd study year, Faculty of Medicine (Rīga Stradiņš University) were asked by tutors to identify several anatomical structures, using a three-dimensional virtual dissection table “Anatomage”. Group I analyzed cross-sectional images after cutting and segmentation of human body with interactive tools. Group II studied X-ray pictures, computerized tomography scans and magnetic resonance images of different regions and systems. The present paper focuses on the rate of cross-sectional image effectiveness in both groups. Analyzed detailed images represent their role in teaching and learning of Human Anatomy. Interpretation of these medical images will require very deep anatomical knowledge from basic studies until clinical courses.

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Kawasumi-Kita, Aiko, Daisuke Ohtsuka, and Yoshihiro Morishita. "Morphometric staging of organ development based on cross sectional images." Journal of Theoretical Biology 440 (March 2018): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.12.020.

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12

Oberholzer, Merwe, Gert Van der Westhuizen, and Christiaan Smit. "Operating cost efficiency of different size sectional title development schemes." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2012): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v5i2.287.

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The purpose of the study was to estimate the relative efficiency of different sizes of residential Sectional Title Development Schemes (STDSs) in order to minimise operating costs. Since area (m2) and the number of units in an STDS were found to be equally important drivers of operating costs, data envelopment analysis was used to estimate the efficiencies of a sample of 113 STDSs where the two measures of size were used as output variables and six categories of operating costs were used as input variables. It is evident that smaller STDSs tend to be more efficient in minimising operating costs than larger STDSs. Furthermore, it is also evident that economies of scale generally do not exist. The main limitation was that the role of a categorised scale of basic housing (lower market) or the scale of luxurious housing (upper market) was not considered.

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Sugie, Yoriyasu, Junyi Zhang, and Akimasa Fujiwara. "Development of Travel Demand Models Using Repeated Cross-sectional Data." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 524 (1995): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1995.524_93.

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14

Ryan, Colleen L., and Margaret M. McAllister. "Australian clinical facilitator professional development needs: A cross-sectional study." Nurse Education Today 94 (November 2020): 104590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104590.

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15

Deoni, Sean C. L., Douglas C. Dean, Irene Piryatinsky, Jonathan O'Muircheartaigh, Nicole Waskiewicz, Katie Lehman, Michelle Han, and Holly Dirks. "Breastfeeding and early white matter development: A cross-sectional study." NeuroImage 82 (November 2013): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.090.

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Shahabi, Seyed Rouhollah, Francisco J. Abad, and Roberto Colom. "g, mutualism, and development: Cross-sectional evidence from Iranian schoolchildren." Personality and Individual Differences 135 (December 2018): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.021.

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17

Glueck, J., and S. Bluck. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF WISDOM: NEW CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL EVIDENCE." Innovation in Aging 2, suppl_1 (November 1, 2018): 552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy023.2041.

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18

Karlan, Dean, and Gwendolyn Alexander Tedeschi. "Cross-Sectional Impact Analysis: Bias from Dropouts." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 9, no. 3-4 (2010): 270–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156914910x499714.

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19

Sieck, G. C., T. S. Cheung, and C. E. Blanco. "Diaphragm capillarity and oxidative capacity during postnatal development." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.1.103.

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In the cat diaphragm, fiber capillarity, cross-sectional area, and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity were measured across the first 6 wk of postnatal development. Fibers were classified as type I, IIa, IIb, or IIc on the basis of staining for myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase). Capillaries were identified in sections stained for ATPase at pH 4.2. Fiber cross-sectional areas and SDH activities were quantified using an image-processing system. During postnatal development, the proportions of type I fibers increased while type II fibers decreased. At birth, all type II fibers were IIc. From the 1st to the 2nd postnatal wk, the proportion of type IIc fibers decreased while the numbers of IIa and IIb increased. Thereafter the proportion of type IIb fibers continued to increase while the number of IIa steadily declined. At birth, capillarity, cross-sectional areas, and SDH activities of type I and II fibers were low compared with other postnatal age groups. Fiber cross-sectional areas increased progressively with age. The number of capillaries surrounding type I and II fibers increased markedly by the 2nd wk and then continued to increase at a slower rate. The number of capillaries per fiber area reached a peak by the 2nd wk and then declined as fiber cross-sectional area increased. Postnatal changes in capillarity depended on fiber type, being greatest in IIb. SDH activities of type I and II fibers were initially low during the first 2 postnatal wk and then peaked by the 3rd wk. After the 6th wk, fiber SDH activities decreased to adult values. Among the type II fibers, IIb showed the greatest change in SDH activity during early postnatal development.

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NAKAZATO, Katsuharu, and Yoshiko SHIMONAKA. "A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT OF ANXIETY IN ADULT LIFESPAN." Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 37, no. 2 (1989): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5926/jjep1953.37.2_172.

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21

Shi, Dongchen, Fuqi Li, Kaicheng Wang, Chen Kong, Haidong Huang, Qiang Li, Faguang Jin, et al. "The development of bronchoscopy in China: a national cross-sectional study." Journal of Cancer 11, no. 19 (2020): 5547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jca.47183.

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22

Clausen, Marit Carolin, and Annette Fox-Boyer. "Phonological development of Danish-speaking children: A normative cross-sectional study." Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 31, no. 6 (April 21, 2017): 440–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2017.1308014.

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23

van der Molen, T., BW Willemse, S. Schokker, DS Postma, and EF Juniper. "Development & Cross Sectional Validity of the COPD Symptom Control Questionnaire." Primary Care Respiratory Journal 10, no. 3 (September 2001): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pcrj.2001.29.

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24

Seo, Nieun, Do Young Kim, and Jin-Young Choi. "Cross-Sectional Imaging of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Development, Growth, Spread, and Prognosis." American Journal of Roentgenology 209, no. 2 (August 2017): W64—W75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.16.16923.

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25

Uribe, Brandon, Andy V. Khamoui, Tai Tran, Diamond Nguyen, Nicole C. Dabbs, Lee E. Brown, Jared W. Coburn, and Daniel A. Judelson. "Rate Of Velocity Development Positively Correlates With Quadriceps Cross Sectional Area." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 24 (January 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jsc.0000367232.68847.a0.

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Saenz, E., I. Nuin, R. Montejo, and J. Sanz. "Development and validation of a new joint system for sectional blades." Wind Energy 18, no. 3 (January 29, 2014): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.1704.

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Swan, Karen R., Rachel Ives, Laura A. B. Wilson, and Louise T. Humphrey. "Ontogenetic changes in femoral cross‐sectional geometry during childhood locomotor development." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 173, no. 1 (July 12, 2020): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24080.

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Khandan, Samine, Hedyeh Riazi, Sedigheh Amir Ali Akbari, Malihe Nasiri, and Ali Montazeri. "Adaptation to maternal role and infant development: a cross sectional study." Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 36, no. 3 (March 16, 2018): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2018.1437895.

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Czyżowska, Dorota, and Adam Niemczyński. "Universality of Socio‐moral Development: a cross‐sectional study in Poland." Journal of Moral Education 25, no. 4 (December 1996): 441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305724960250405.

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Zalel, Y., S. Lipitz, D. Soriano, and R. Achiron. "The development of the fetal sternum: a cross-sectional sonographic study." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 13, no. 3 (March 1999): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0705.1999.13030187.x.

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Angelelli, P., S. Paolucci, U. Bivona, L. Piccardi, P. Ciurli, A. Cantagallo, G. Antonucci, et al. "Development of neuropsychiatric symptoms in poststroke patients: a cross-sectional study." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 110, no. 1 (July 2004): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00297.x.

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Liu, Andrew H., Robert Zeiger, Christine Sorkness, Todd Mahr, Nancy Ostrom, Somali Burgess, Jacqueline Carranza Rosenzweig, and Ranjani Manjunath. "Development and cross-sectional validation of the Childhood Asthma Control Test." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 119, no. 4 (April 2007): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.662.

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Pandit, Kavita. "Service labor allocation during development: Longitudinal perspectives on cross-sectional patterns." Annals of Regional Science 24, no. 1 (March 1990): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01579892.

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Bratt, Christopher, Jim Sidanius, and Jennifer Sheehy-Skeffington. "Shaping the Development of Prejudice." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 42, no. 12 (October 13, 2016): 1617–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167216666267.

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Social dominance orientation (SDO) has been theorized as a stable, early-emerging trait influencing outgroup evaluations, a view supported by evidence from cross-sectional and two-wave longitudinal research. Yet, the limitations of identifying causal paths with cross-sectional and two-wave designs are increasingly being acknowledged. This article presents the first use of multi-wave data to test the over-time relationship between SDO and outgroup affect among young people. We use cross-lagged and latent growth modeling (LGM) of a three-wave data set employing Norwegian adolescents (over 2 years, N = 453) and a five-wave data set with American university students (over 4 years, N = 748). Overall, SDO exhibits high temporal rank-order stability and predicts changes in outgroup affect. This research represents the strongest test to date of SDO’s role as a stable trait that influences the development of prejudice, while highlighting LGM as a valuable tool for social and political psychology.

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Dieleman, Frans M., William A. V. Clark, and Marinus C. Deurloo. "Tenure choice: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses." Netherlands Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 9, no. 3 (September 1994): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02496998.

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Pinero-Pinto, Elena, Verónica Pérez-Cabezas, Concepción De-Hita-Cantalejo, Carmen Ruiz-Molinero, Estanislao Gutiérrez-Sánchez, José-Jesús Jiménez-Rejano, José-María Sánchez-González, and María Carmen Sánchez-González. "Vision Development Differences between Slow and Fast Motor Development in Typical Developing Toddlers: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 20, 2020): 3597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103597.

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Many studies have established a relationship between visual function and motor development in toddlers. This is the first report to study two-year-olds via an assessment of their visual and motor skills. The purpose of this study is to describe the possible changes that can occur between visual and motor systems in typical developing toddlers. A total of 116 toddlers were included in this observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. Their mean age was 29.57 ± 3.45 months. Motor development variables studied were dominant hand/foot; stationary, locomotion, object manipulation, grasping, visual motor integration percentiles; gross motor, fine motor, and total motor percentiles; and gross motor, fine motor, and total motor quotients. Visual development variables were assessed including visual acuity, refractive error, ocular alignment, motor fusion and suppression, ocular motility, and stereopsis. Our findings demonstrated that typical developing toddlers with slow gross motor development had higher exophoria and further near point of convergence values compared to toddlers with fast gross motor development (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in visual acuity and stereopsis between slow and fast gross motor development toddlers.

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Zampini, Laura, and Laura D'Odorico. "Vocabulary development in children with Down syndrome: Longitudinal and cross-sectional data." Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability 38, no. 4 (September 26, 2013): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2013.828833.

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Leak, Gary K. "VALIDATION OF THE FAITH DEVELOPMENT SCALE USING LONGITUDINAL AND CROSS-SECTIONAL DESIGNS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 31, no. 6 (January 1, 2003): 637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.6.637.

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Two studies were conducted to further evaluate the validity of the Faith Development Scale (FDS). Study 1 used a longitudinal design and evaluated the change in scores on the scale in response to normal maturational and faith-based experiences over 4 years. Study 2 examined the differences in level of faith development between entering freshmen and graduating senior college students. Both studies found differences consistent with the hypothesis that the FDS is sensitive: (a) between groups expected to differ in faith development and (b) to changes in faith development within groups over time. Despite limitations within both studies, it was concluded that the results offer further support for the validity of the FDS. Implications of these results are discussed.

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Nazir, Mudasir, SheerazA Dar, Roumissa Lone, Duri Sameen, Ikhlas Ahmad, WasimA Wani, and BashirA Charoo. "Clinical spectrum of disorders of sex development: A cross-sectional observational study." Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 22, no. 6 (2018): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijem.ijem_159_18.

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Raj, Rajnish, Anuradha Raj, and Rohit Garg. "Antidepressants-a possibly risk factor for cataract development: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 5 (April 24, 2017): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20171657.

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Background: Few studies have reported the role of antidepressants as cataractogenic in humans.Methods: It’s a hospital based descriptive, cross-sectional study. 45 Patients were screened for antidepressant use and diminution of vision, 6 were dropped out. 39 patients with 78 eyes were finally enrolled. They were divided into two goups i.e., Group-I, with cataract (N=53) and Group-II, without cataract (N=25). Three clusters of antidepressants were assessed e.g., SSRI, SNRI and TCA with therapeutic dose (TD) and non-therapeutic dose (NTD) range. Psychiatric illness was diagnosed on DSM-5 and severity of depression on HAM-D. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was converted from Snellen units to logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (log MAR) for statistical analysis. Cataract changes in eyes were seen on slit-lamp and classified on Lens opacities classification system-III (LOCS-III) criteria.Results: A total 78 eyes of thirty-nine (39) patients were evaluated. Thirty (38.46%) and forty-eight (61.53%) eyes belonged to males and females, respectively. Mean age of males (n=7) was 41.8±2.3 years and females (n=32) 40.2±1.0 years. In Group-I, out of (N=53) eyes that developed cataract 33 were females (62.26%) as compared to males 20 (37.7%). Group -II, out of (N=25) eyes, females without cataract were 15 (60%) as compared to males 10 (40%). Therapeutic dose (TD) of antidepressants (AD) in Group-I had more cataract 37 (69.81%) as compared to non-therapeutic dose (NTD) 16 (30.1%). Most of the eyes with cataract 35 (66.03%) had AD exposure of more than 1 year that was possibly associated with increased risk of cataract development (OR 2.10; 95% CI, 0.79-5.55). Amongst users of antidepressants, SSRI was associated with increased risk of cataract development (OR 2.4; 95% CI, 0.72–7.94) with a female preponderance (OR 1.1; 95% CI, 0.41–2.91). Maximum number of eyes 34 (64.15%) that developed cataract had BCVA of ≥6/12 and minimum of 2 (3.77%) eyes had BCVA of ≤6/36. LOCS-III revealed 38 (71.69%) eyes (71.69%) having peripheral cortical cataract and 15 (28.30%) posterior sub-capsular cataract.Conclusions: There is a possible risk of association of cataract amongst user of antidepressants. The AD use of more than 1 year or longer had increased risk for development of cataract with a female preponderance. The highest risk was observed in the users of SSRI as compared to SNRI and TCA. Treatment exposure with antidepressant was longer for mild depression having more than two episodes.

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Smith, Kevin, and Angina Parekh. "A Cross-Sectional Study of Moral Development in the South African Context." Psychological Reports 78, no. 3 (June 1996): 851–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.78.3.851.

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This study has two aims, to examine aspects of Kohlberg's claims of universality within a unique research context and to explore differences in moral development between black and white South Africans. 81 participants from four different age groups were administered Form A of Kohlberg's moral judgement interviews. Analysis supported the age-relatedness of Kohlberg's stages of moral development and provided some support for the notion that the stages should be evident in various cultures. A significant difference in moral development between black and white groups in the 19- to 28-yr. age group was found. Further, black and white groups had different concerns when justifying moral choices. The results were discussed in the context of the South African system, which until recently has been one of institutionalised racial division.

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Sato, Hironori, Kiyotaka Fukumoto, Akira Owaki, Hisashi Tanaka, Naoshi Mitoda, Yoshiyuki Fukuba, and Osamu Fukuda. "Development Of Ultrasonographic Measuring System For Cross-sectional Image Of Human Extremities." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200505001-01575.

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Andini, Corrado. "Financial development and long-run growth: is the cross-sectional evidence robust?" Applied Economics 43, no. 28 (November 2011): 4269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2010.491450.

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Longmuir, Patricia E., Laura Banks, and Brian W. McCrindle. "Cross-sectional study of motor development among children after the Fontan procedure." Cardiology in the Young 22, no. 4 (January 24, 2012): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104795111100206x.

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AbstractObjectivesTo determine the gross motor skills of school-aged children after the Fontan procedure and compare the locomotor and object control skills with normative data.Study designThis study followed a cross-sectional design.SettingThis study was based on hospital outpatient visit, with accelerometry conducted at home.PatientsThis study included 55 patients, including 22 girls in the age group of 6–10 years, 5.1 years after Fontan.Main outcome measuresTest of Gross Motor Development – Version 2, daily activity by accelerometer, medical history review, child and parent perceptions of activity.ResultsBeing involved in active team sports increased locomotor percentile score by 10.3 points (CI: 4.4, 16.1). Preference for weekend outdoor activities (6.9, CI: 2.0, 11.8), performing at least 30 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily (24.5, CI: 7.3, 41.8), and reporting that parents seldom criticise the child's physical activity (21.8, CI: 8.9, 34.8) were also associated with higher locomotor percentile scores (p < 0.01). Object control percentile scores were higher (p < 0.03) with involvement in formal instruction (5.9, CI: 1.1, 10.6) and being restricted to “activities within comfortable limits” (27.6, CI: 7.7, 47.5). Older chronological age (r = 0.28), a more complicated medical history (r = 0.36), and older age at Fontan (r = 0.28) were associated with greater skill delay (p < 0.04).ConclusionsChildren after Fontan attain basic motor skills at a later age than their peers, and deficits continue for more complex skills as age increases, suggesting a need for longitudinal monitoring of gross motor skill development through the elementary school years. Future research might investigate whether a gross motor skill rehabilitation programme can provide these children with the motor skills needed to successfully participate in a physically active lifestyle with peers.

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Sato, Hironori, Kiyotaka Fukumoto, Akira Owaki, Hisashi Tanaka, Naoshi Mitoda, Yoshiyuki Fukuba, and Osamu Fukuda. "Development Of Ultrasonographic Measuring System For Cross-sectional Image Of Human Extremities." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200505001-01575.

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Sajedi, Firoozeh, Elham Habibi, Nikta Hatamizadeh, Soheila Shahshahanipour, and Hosein Malek Afzali. "Early storybook reading and childhood development: A cross-sectional study in Iran." F1000Research 7 (March 29, 2018): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14078.1.

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Background: Development is a process that continues from childhood to death, and most developmental changes occur during childhood. UNICEF introduced early storybook-reading (ESR) and storytelling as part of child care indicators. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of book-reading to children and its relationship with early childhood development in Iran. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study conducted in Tehran April-May 2017. In total, 272 mothers of children aged 3-30 months, who were referred to health centers, were selected using a convenience sampling method. Exclusion criteria was scoring below the cutoff point of any developmental domains of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). ESR was assessed by checklist and child development was assessed by the ASQ. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The mean number of children’s books owned was 10.23±8.642, and 84.75% had at least 3 books. The average book reading, storytelling and singing duration for children was 10±9.65, 11.48±11.756, and 23.88 ±17.880 min per day, respectively. Average book reading, storytelling, and singing duration was significantly greater in children 18-30 months than <17 months. There was a significant relationship between the number of books and a child's age, mother's age, family income, income satisfaction, father's employment, and parents’ education. The score of communication domain in the ASQ questionnaire was significantly related to the number of books, duration of reading and storytelling, while problem-solving had a significant relationship only with the number of books (p˂0.05). Based on linear regression, child's age, income, and mother's and father's educational level were models for predicting the number of children's books (p=0.0001 for all). Conclusions: ESR was associated with some developmental domains of communication and problem-solving in the present study. Therefore, creation of ESR culture in Iranian families as an integral part of the life of children is necessary from birth.

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Rungrojsuwan, Sorabud, Denis Burnham, and Sudaporn Luksaneeyanawin. "Lexical Development of Thai Children at 0;9-2;0: A Cross-Sectional Study." MANUSYA 7, no. 1 (2004): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00701006.

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This study investigates lexical development of Thai children at 0;9-2;0. Based on the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories: Words and Gestures, 1989 (CDI), a Thai version of the CDI word checklist was developed. Following a cross-sectional research design, parents of 180 children were asked to report their children's lexical development. Four main aspects of lexical development were investigated: the onset of development, cumulative vocabularies, lexical categories of words acquired, and the relationship between comprehension and production in lexical acquisition. It was found that individual variation plays an important role in children's lexical development. Instead of pinpointing the exact age of the onset of development, a tentative range of onset is reported about 0;9-1;3. Although children's vocabulary items increase over time, it was found that there were two distinct types of increase: gradual and rapid. The gradual increase was found from 0;9-1;6, and 1;9-2;0. The rapid increase, at about 1;6, represents a period of vocabulary explosion. It was found that Thai children's lexicon is "noun" dominant. From an examination of the relationship between word comprehension and production, it was found that comprehension precedes production at the onset of lexical development. However, data from this study also demonstrate that at about the period of vocabulary explosion, some words are comprehended only after they have been produced. It is also suggested that lexical development should also be investigated using a longitudinal research design, because data from a longitudinal study can indicate the development of individual children and might demonstrate more clearly development in terms of individual variation.

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Kefalianos, Elaina, Mark Onslow, Obioha C. Ukoumunne, Susan Block, and Sheena Reilly. "Temperament and Early Stuttering Development: Cross-Sectional Findings From a Community Cohort." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 4 (April 14, 2017): 772–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-s-15-0196.

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Asztalos, Kata, and Benő Csapó. "Development of musical abilities: Cross-sectional computer-based assessments in educational contexts." Psychology of Music 45, no. 5 (November 24, 2016): 682–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735616678055.

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Online diagnostic measurement of musical abilities in a school environment is a new way to enhance pedagogic effectiveness. In our study we developed a technology-based musical perception test which examines basic musical hearing abilities among 1st to 11th graders in Hungarian schools ( N = 2961). The instrument was composed of tasks measuring the discrimination of rhythm, tempo, melody, pitch, harmony, timbre and dynamics, and we also tested the connection between auditory and visual modality. The results indicated an increasing developmental tendency during the period under examination. Students who attend classes with a special music curriculum achieved better results, except in the first years of school. A weak relationship was found between socio-economic background variables and test achievement; however, parents’ educational attainment and students’ school marks have a stronger relationship. Similarly to previous research findings, no significant gender differences were found.

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Csapó, Beno. "The Development of Inductive Reasoning: Cross-sectional Assessments in an Educational Context." International Journal of Behavioral Development 20, no. 4 (May 1997): 609–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502597385081.

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This paper links two research paradigms, one that studies attributes and mechanisms of inductive reasoning and one that tries to make school learning more meaningful and knowledge better understood and more easily applied, by examining how inductive reasoning develops during a significant age range of schooling and how it relates to certain other cognitive functions. Six tests of inductive reasoning (number analogies, verbal analogies, number series, verbal series, coding, exclusion) were devised and administered to 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, and 11th grade students ( N 2000). Data were also collected on students’ school achievement, and a test of applied science knowledge was administered to the two oldest samples. The comparison of age groups indicated that the fastest development of inductive reasoning took place between the 5th and 9th grades; a major development was detected before the 5th grade, and only modest changes were found after the 9th grade. Regression analysis models indicated that inductive reasoning accounted for around twice as large a proportion of the results of the test that measured the applied science knowledge in everyday situations as did school knowledge (represented by school grades).

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