Dissertations / Theses: 'Sectoral Indices'

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Gonçalves, Carina Oliveira. "A competitividade do comércio internacional dos serviços em Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11300.

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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus A relevância económica do setor dos serviços tem aumentado nas últimas décadas. A reorientação para os serviços traduziu-se em maiores pesos deste setor nas economias e consequentemente no comércio internacional. O objetivo principal deste trabalho consiste em analisar o comércio internacional de serviços da economia portuguesa a um nível relativamente desagregado ao longo da última década. Para atingir este objetivo, começa-se por se estudar a especialização setorial das exportações portuguesas de serviços ao longo do período 2000-2012 e por analisar os pesos de cada setor no total de exportações de serviços. Seguidamente, avalia-se a especialização relativa de Portugal e identifica-se as vantagens comparativas, calculadas através do indicador tradicional de vantagem comparativa revelada de Balassa. Posteriormente, compara-se os resultados com os principais parceiros comerciais. The economic revelance of the services sector has been increasing for some decades. The shift to services translated into rising shares of this sector in the economies and consequently on international trade. The main objective of this study is to examine international trade in services of the Portuguese economy at a relatively disaggregated level over the past decade. To achieve this goal, one begins by studying the sectoral specialization of Portuguese exports of services over the period 2000-2012 and for reviewing the weights of each sector in total exports of services. Then, we evaluate the relative expertise of Portugal and identifies the comparative advantages, calculated by the traditional indicator of comparative advantage of Balassa. And finally, compares the results with trading partners.

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Larsson, Mattias, and Peter Dellgren. "Sector Rotation Strategy Applied on the Swedish Stock Market : Do Swedish sector indices experience momentum effects?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-101015.

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This thesis is an empirical analysis on momentum effects on the Swedish stock exchange’s sector indicesduring the period 2001 to 2009. The momentum effect is investigated by buying previous winner andshort selling previous losers with holding and formation periods over an intermediate time period (1-12month period). Our results are not coherent with previous studies conducted on the U.S market or theworld market, instead our results indicate that the Swedish stock exchange’s sector indices experience acontrarian effect over the intermediate time period. The results are adjusted for systematic risk and aresignificant on the 5%-level. Our result show that the weak form of the efficient market hypothesis isviolated and we therefore believe that a demand exists for easy and convenient investment vehicles withsector specific exposure, which could have a positive effect on the efficiency of the market.

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Aponte, Trujillo Rosa Melissa, La Torre Poma René Gagarin De, Zúñiga Mauricio Daniel Marchese, and Andrade Luis Enrique Otiniano. "Propuesta de indice de transparencia corporativa para un sector empresarial." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/13204.

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La presente investigación pretende desarrollar un índice que mida el nivel de transparencia corporativa de un determinado sector empresarial o grupo de empresas que participan en el mercado peruano. Este estudio considera de suma importancia contar con mecanismos que permitan a las empresas transmitir cierto nivel de garantía respecto al nivel de transparencia corporativa con el que se muestran al público en general; así como la relevancia de definir un concepto de transparencia para determinar el alcance y la capacidad real que tendrá cualquier instrumento desarrollado para medir dicha variable. Para este estudio, la transparencia corporativa ha sido definida como la publicación de información oportuna y relevante para la evaluación de una organización (Lindstedt & Naurin, 2010). El Índice de Transparencia Corporativa Perú (ITC Perú) propuesto en el presente estudio está conformado por cuatro pilares: a) Gobierno Corporativo, b) Información Financiera, c) Accesibilidad a la Información y d) Percepción de Transparencia. Cada pilar está compuesto por dos factores y cada factor por siete variables, teniendo en total 96 variables. El puntaje final de cada sector empresarial o grupo de empresas evaluadas se obtendrá a partir de la suma del puntaje estandarizado de cada pilar. Los tres primeros pilares se recolectarán a partir de información pública y el cuarto pilar se recolectará a partir de una encuesta de percepción. El ITC Perú propuesto fue validado por expertos en metodología y lingüista, estadística y especialistas en transparencia corporativa. El ITC Perú se aplicó a siete empresas del sector Construcción Industrial del Perú. Los puntajes promedios de los pilares fueron: Gobierno Corporativo, 75.71%; Información Financiera, 77.14%; Accesibilidad a la Información, 95%; y Percepción de Transparencia Corporativa, 65.3%. La itinerancia de los resultados revela que las empresas evaluadas deberían preocuparse más acerca de la Transparencia Corporativa que proyectan a sus grupos de interés, especialmente en lo relacionado a la percepción de sus actividades. The present investigation aims to construct a composite index capable of measuring the level of corporate transparency of a specific economic sector or business group which participate within the peruvian market. This study considers the existence of mechanisms, whereby businesses may offer investors a certain degree of guarantees regarding the level of corporate transparency which they show to the general public within their organization, to be of outmost importance; as well as the definition of a concept of corporate transparency in order to allow the determination of the study’s reach and real capacity to measure transparency in general. For the present study, corporate transparency has been defined as the oportune and relevant disclosure of information, in order to evaluate a specific organization (Lindstedt & Naurin, 2010). The Corporate Transparency Index Perú (ITC Perú) proposed in the present study is composed by four pillars: a) Corporate Governance, b) Financial Information, c) Information Accessibility and d) Transparency Perception. Each pillar is in turn composed by two factors, and each factor by seven variables, resulting in a total of 96 variables. The final score for the evaluated economic sector or business group under evaluation is obtained from the aggregation of each pillar’s standarized final score. The first three pillars will be measured through publicly available information , and the fourth pillar will be measured through a corporate perception survey. The proposed index has been validated by experts in methodology and linguistics, as well as statistics and the subject at hand. The ITC Perú has been applied on seven firms in the industrial construction market in Perú. The average scores for each pillar were: Corporate Gobernance, 75.71%; Financial Information, 77.14%; Information Accessibility, 95%; and Transparency Perception, 65.3%. These results reveal a need for the evaluated firms to focus on the perception of transparency that they communicate to their stakeholders, specially in relation to their own activities. Tesis

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Acres, Daniel Nigel Gerard. "The behaviour of style anomalies in worldwide sector indices : a univariate and multivariate analysis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8909.

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Includes bibliographical references. The aim of this thesis is to explain the cross-section of International Classification Benchmark (ICB) level 4 (sector) index returns. A worldwide study of 48 developed and emerging countries is conducted, considering up to 38 sector indices per country. In cluster and factor analyses of the sector returns all the developed markets are found to cluster together, as are the emerging markets, suggesting diversificationary benefits from investing across the two. The one-month-ahead return forecasting power of 35 sector-specific attributes is investigated over an in-sample period from 31 January 1995 to 31 December 2001 and an out-sample period from 31 January 2002 to 31 December 2005. The data is adjusted for look-ahead bias, outliers, influential observations and non-uniformity across markets. Monthly sector returns are cross-sectionally regressed on the attributes in a similar fashion to Fama and MacBeth (1973). Sector returns are considered both before and after risk adjustment with the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) model and Solnik's (2000) version of the International CAPM (ICAPM). The ICAPM is found to be the best performing model but, in general, the evidence does not support covariance-based models of asset pricing. Nine attributes are found to be significant and robust over the two sample periods namely cash earnings per share to price (CP), dividend yield (DY), cash earnings to book value (CB), 6 and 12-month growth in cash earnings, to price (C-6P & C-12P), 12 and 24-month growth in dividends, to price (D-12P & D-24P), the payout ratio (PO) and 12-month prior return (MOM-12). All the significant attributes from the univariate regression tests are found to payoff consistently in the positive direction when tested with the nonparametric Sign Test. Nine of the significant attributes namely book value per share to price (BP), dividend yield (DY), earnings yield (EY), 6-month growth in cash earnings, to price (C-6P), cash earnings to book value (CB), 24-month growth in dividends, to price (D-24P), 24-month growth in earnings, to price (E-24P), 12-month and 18-month prior return (MOM-12 & MOM-18) are also found to have significantly low frequencies of changes in payoff direction when assessed with the nonparametric Runs Test. Seven style timing models are developed, all of which produce significantly accurate payoff direction forecasts for most of the significant attributes. The timing models are however generally inaccurate in forecasting the magnitude of the payoffs. Very little seasonality is observed in the payoffs to the significant attributes. Two sets of seven 'stepwise optimal' and 'control' multivariate models are constructed from the significant univariate in-sample attributes in order to forecast the payoffs to the factors in a controlled multifactor setting. The stepwise optimal models are derived from a stepwise procedure, whilst the 'control' models comprise all the attributes which are found to be significant in one or more of the 'optimal' models. The forecasting power of the all the models is found to be below an exploitable level; of the 'control' models the single exponential smoothing model is the most accurate outsample performer. Weighted Least Squares (WLS) models are used to allow for the possibility of heteroskedasticity, which may exist in the cross-section of worldwide sector returns. The WLS models are ineffective in improving forecasting power when the inverse of the 12-month rolling standard deviation of the residuals is used as the weight series.

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Simpson, Lori Allison. "The suitability of coal gasification in India's energy sector." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38569.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-86). Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), an advanced coal-based power generation technology, may be an important technology to help India meet its future power needs. It has the potential to provide higher generating efficiency, can be adapted to efficiently burn India's high-ash coal, and has the potential to do so with greatly reduced emissions and offers the longer term potential to assist India to manage its C02 emissions. Efficient gasification technology also offers India the potential to produce a variety of fuels, particularly transportation fuels, and chemicals. These potential benefits would be useful in a country that has coal shortages, runs inefficient power plants, and imports the majority of its transportation fuels. Driven by these potential benefits the Central Government-owned power generating equipment manufacturing company (BHEL) is developing a fluid-bed gasifier designed for Indian coals, but has not yet demonstrated it at a size larger than 6 MW. Outside of BHEL, there are many factors holding this technology back. First, the technology is projected to be more expensive than pulverized coal (PC) power generation. In the Indian environment, the capital costs are estimated to be 1.5 times higher, and the levelized cost of electricity is estimated to be 33 % higher than for PC power generation. (cont.) Further, there are other technology options, such as super-critical pulverized coal technology, which are cheaper, more proven, and can provide immediate higher generating efficiency. The first supercritical PC plant is currently being built in India. To overcome these barriers will take further research and development, as well as demonstration at a commercial scale. This all needs to occur at a greater speed and with a greater urgency than is now apparent. The demonstration and commercialization will require significant subsidies, which may come in different forms. The Central Government may wish to subsidize the technology development for the pollution control benefits that it offers and do so via its linkages to BHEL. Foreign governments and institutions may choose to subsidize the costs for the carbon dioxide reduction credits that it can produce. In the end, the challenges facing IGCC in India are great. The cost and generating efficiency will have to at least rival those for other advanced coal technologies, and coal production and mining policies will have to be effectively enacted to increase the supply of coal available for new coal plants. by Lori Allison Simpson. S.M.

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Bylund, Månsson Gottfrid, and Anton Erlandsson. "The Relationship Between Macroeconomic Variables and Sector Indices : An empirical investigation of the Swedish stock market." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448712.

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This study hypothesizes a relationship between different stock market sector indicesand their relationship to macroeconomic variables. Previous studies investigates therelationship between broad stock market indices and macroeconomic variables, with fewresearching stock market sector indices. Our results show that inflation, exchange rate,money supply, industrial production, and long-term interest rate have a significant long-run relationship with the Basic Material, Consumer Product and Service, Financial andIndustrial sector indices. We find that the Real estate, Health care, and Technologysector indices do not have a long-term relationship with macroeconomic variables. Wealso test for unexpected changes in the macro variables to see how this may affectthe long-term relationships. Here, we find that the Financial sector and Technologysector responds poorly to shocks in the macroeconomic variables and that the long-termrelationship may not return to its equilibrium if shocks to the macroeconomic variables occur.

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Nguyen, Minh Khoi. "Study on Property Indices : Constructing a property price index for the family apartment sector in Hanoi, Vietnam." Thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-77020.

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In modern portfolio theory, real estate can reduce substantially the total risk in a portfolio. Therefore, a flaw in the aggregate real estate index would cause a tremendous consequence for all the stakeholders in the industry. In general, there are two major approaches in producing property indices: the appraisal-based and the transaction-based approach. The transaction-index approach is more statistical or econometric in nature, tending therefore to be more formally explicit and objective or transparent in its application procedure. Hedonic regression model is considered as the most suitable for constructing cross-sectional quality adjusted house price indices. The author thus has chosen the hedonic regression model in the empirical part as the opponent method against the Official method, the one which is adopted by the Ministry of Construction of Vietnam. The results show the Official index has a different pattern compared to the indices derived from hedonic and other models. Due to the limitation and constraints during the research period, this study does not attempt to argue for which method is more appropriate than the others, but it does provide the recommendations for the better performance of those index series in the future research.

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Bezbaruah, Supriti. "Gender inequalities in India's new service economy : a case study of the banking sector." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2479.

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This study explores women’s experiences of work and employment in the banking sector in India, addressing the paucity of research in this area. The research assesses how the assumptions of theories on gender, work and employment, primarily based on empirical experiences from the Global North can be interpreted in the Indian context. It argues that experiences of gender inequalities are geographically reconfigured in the Indian banking sector through the interplay between gendered organisational practices, local cultural discourses on femininity, institutional factors, particularly government laws and organisational structures. The research draws upon a case study of the banking sector in the National Capital Region (NCR), one of India’s largest consumer financial centres, combining a questionnaire survey of 156 female bank employees with 74 qualitative interviews with female and male bank employees in three types of banks. The study uncovers how gender discrimination, albeit covertly, is widespread in Indian banks. Gendered organisational practices create universal constraints for Indian women’s career development. This study, however, reveals how local cultural discourses on femininity, emphasising respectability and family values lead to distinctively Indian patterns of gender inequalities in the banking sector serving to highlight the intersection of gender with class identities. Crucially, the comparison of government-owned, foreign-owned and Indian private banks demonstrates that local cultural norms and gendered organisational practices are mediated through different organisational structures to create varied experiences of gender discrimination for women in the different banks. Finally, the study provides new conceptual perspectives for addressing the limitations of existing theorisations on gender, work and employment. It develops the concept of ‘family-based femininity’ highlighting the influence of the family in shaping the nature of gender inequalities in the workplace. Where previous typologies focused on resistance in the workplace, this research introduces the notion of ‘compliance in the workplace’, whereby women passively conform to gendered organisational practices, with little intention to create change.

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Subramanian, Logakanthi. "Management of electronic waste by bulk consumers : the case of India's IT service sector." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/management-of-electronic-waste-by-bulk-consumers-the-case-of-indias-it-service-sector(e6df8705-d9cc-456d-b078-c35f8cb3aaaf).html.

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The global ICT revolution is adding a new stream of waste, known as electronic waste or ‘e-waste’: electrical and electronic equipment that has ceased to be of value to its owners. The recyclability of e-waste together with the presence of pollutants poses a waste management challenge. Developed countries have systems in place to address this challenge, but developing countries have only recently recognised the need to develop appropriate systems for e-waste management. ICT consumers are key stakeholders in e-waste: it is they who decide whether and when an item is e-waste, and they form the link between producers and recyclers. Yet not much attention has been paid to their role. The limited research to date has focused on household consumers in developed countries, leaving a knowledge gap around bulk, organisational consumers in developing countries, despite their often being the largest single contributor to e-waste. Acknowledging the growing challenge of e-waste management in developing countries and lack of research on bulk consumer response to this challenge, the present research aimed to understand e-waste material flows, management strategies and determinants relating to bulk consumers of IT in India. It focused on bulk consumers in India’s IT service sector because that sector depends on electronic equipment for its operation and has been recognised to generate nearly 30% of the total e-waste in the country. The data for this research was collected between 2010 and 2011, at a time when preparations were underway for implementation of separate e-waste regulations in the country. Therefore, the findings of the research here draw attention to the practice for e-waste management in India before implementation of the new regulations. In order to achieve the overall aims, a qualitative research approach based on multiple case studies was adopted. In all, 20 IT service organisations belonging to three different groups based on size namely, very large (VL), large (L) and small and medium (SM) were studied via multiple semi-structured interviews, direct observations and document analysis. Further source triangulation was achieved through interviews with representatives from other stakeholder groups: IT equipment producers, formal recyclers, regulators, industry association representatives, and representatives of various national and international organisations working on e-waste management. A complex chain of material flow was identified, involving a significant number of stakeholders. Two further models – of e-waste strategy and e-waste strategy determinants – were developed through literature review and pilot fieldwork, and then verified via the main fieldwork. Three distinct types of e-waste management strategy were observed among the stakeholders. While the VLIT organisations and IT producers exhibited a proactive approach to e-waste management, the LIT organisations and formal recyclers exhibited a reactive approach to its management. The SMIT organisations ignored the challenge of e-waste and were indifferent to the management of generated e-waste. Various external (regulation, clients, peer pressure, brand and corporate reputation) and internal (corporate culture and leadership, financial benefits and corporate social responsibility) factors were found to play a role in determining the different types of e-waste management practiced by the stakeholders. Except for direct financial benefits all the identified factors had a strong determining role in the proactive approach to e-waste management. The reactive approach was chiefly driven by regulation and financial benefits associated with e-waste management. The indifferent approach was driven only by the financial benefits associated with disposal of e-waste. A key determinant that was shaping the factors among the IT bulk consumers was institutional pressures mainly driven by the requirement of some clients for green practices; that requirement itself deriving from the nature of the value chains within which consumer organisations were located. Alongside the determinants, a set of enabling factors was identified (awareness, environmental management systems, and access and availability of formal recyclers) which helped explain the implementation of e-waste management practices. When the levels of these enablers were high the implementation of organisational e-waste management was proactive and when they were low, the approach to e-waste management was reactive. These enablers were absent in the organisations that were indifferent to e-waste management. From these findings, various challenges in the current system for e-waste management could be identified including: value expectation at the time of disposal of e-waste; patchy awareness about e-waste; lack of collection mechanisms; and regulatory shortcomings. Recommendations have been made about opportunities to incentivise and facilitate collection, enhance awareness, and offer regulatory support.

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Roland, Christian. "Banking sector liberalization in India evaluation of reforms and comparative perspectives on China." Heidelberg Physica-Verl, 2006. http://d-nb.info/984703098/04.

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Kite, Grace. "Linked in : the software and IT services sector in India's economic development, 1980 to 2011." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2011. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/14247/.

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Research on the use of information technology (IT) in production in the developed world demonstrates that its impact on both economic growth and productivity has been substantial. Despite this, literature on the potential for India's IT industry to bring about similar outcomes by selling IT within the country is resoundingly pessimistic. The most important finding of the research described here is that this outlook is far too gloomy. A newly assembled time series of the IT sector's sales to Indian companies, or in other words the sector's forward linkages, shows that these have been substantial for some time. Since 2005-06 they have also been growing significantly faster. An original econometric investigation into the impact of this ongoing investment finds significant increases in both total factor productivity and output in the firms and sectors that make up the sector's domestic clients. These findings beg a question: If published analyses imply a dismal future for the IT sector's forward linkages, why have domestic purchases from the sector, in fact, been growing so quickly? The research project included a programme of in-depth interviews undertaken in the field. This contributed another major finding. That is that IT has become appropriate for production in India as a result of a match between attributes of the technology and attributes of the country's society and markets. The research described here was not limited to an investigation of the sector's forward linkages. It also included an extensive survey of backwards and other linkages from the sector to the rest of the Indian economy. The thesis concludes that these too are now substantial and that the IT industry can therefore be described as a leading sector.

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Willnegger, Eva. "Patents in the food sector a retrospective with special emphasis on the TRIPs agreement." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989829693/04.

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Кузіна, О. В. "Підвищення конкурентоспроможності українських підприємств на міжнародних галузевих ринках". Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/52585.

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У статті досліджено сутність поняття конкурентоспроможності підприємства на міжнародному ринку. Проведено аналіз основних проблем, які перешкоджають ефективній діяльності українських підприємств на міжнародних галузевих ринках. Відображено позиції України у рейтингах провідних міжнародних організацій, що спеціалізуються на визначенні індексів конкурентоспроможності країн за різними напрямками. За результатами проведеного дослідження запропоновано напрямки підвищення конкурентоспроможності вітчизняних підприємств на міжнародних ринках у розрізі окремих галузей економіки. The paper describes the essence of enterprise competitiveness in the international market. The author analyses of the primary obstacles to efficient operation of Ukrainian enterprises in international trade markets. Ukraine's positions in the rankings of the leading international organizations specializing in determining the competitiveness of indices in different directions are reflected. According to the results of the study the author suggests ways of increasing the competitiveness of domestic enterprises in international markets in the context of individual sectors of the economy.

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Han, Chunjia. "Indices of innovation : application of Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index Analysis in the assessment of R&D efficiency in R&D-critical sectors." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366276/.

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Maintaining or increasing R&D efficiency and productivity is a constant challenge for R&D-driven businesses, and companies in these sectors often explore strategies seen be effective in related sectors, for example the adoption of ‘open’ innovation by the pharmaceutical sector, based on its observed success in the information technology sector as reported by Chesbrough. The papers in this thesis address two gaps in the research literature: (1) the relative lack of established quantitative measures of the performance of open or other innovation strategies, and (2) the continuing challenge of assessing the effectiveness or otherwise of the OI paradigm outside its original high-tech industry focus. The pharmaceutical industry has been claimed as one of the pioneering industries where the principle of OI has been applied. In view of the limitations of prior research on R&D efficiency and OI in this industry, the question of whether OI is the best or only prescription for innovation in the pharmaceutical industry remains a strategic one. The first paper in the sequence identifies and explores systematic measures of innovation by investigating the adaptation and application of DEA as a candidate technique for analysing the R&D efficiency performance, using data on China’s high-tech industry sectors. The second paper explores how such ‘indices of innovation’ could be used to measure performance in terms of changes in R&D efficiency over time, in a case study of Procter and Gamble, a company widely recognised as an early adopter of OI. The third paper builds on the first two, using DEA and MI as ‘indices of innovation’ to measure whether adopting OI is leading to increased R&D efficiency in the pharmaceutical sector. Taken together, these papers explore (a) the feasibility if DEA and MI as new quantitative econometric ‘indices of innovation’, (b) their correlation with a known case of open innovation, and (c) to test the hypothesis that open innovation is increasing R&D efficiency in the pharmaceutical industry.

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Pradhan, Nandita. "Effects of economic refroms on X- efficiency of India`s public sector banks : an econometric frontier approach." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2017. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2661.

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Fonseca, Ronald Bernardes. "Modelling main worldwide financial Ãndices risk management: so far, but so close!" Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15526.

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nÃo hÃ O presente artigo busca uma mÃtrica refinada e confiÃvel para mensurar riscos financeiros. RiskMetrics (1994) marcou o inÃcio dessa busca e desde entÃo vÃrios pesquisadores contribuÃram com inovaÃÃes e novos modelos para essa medida e aqui se apresenta mais um passo desse caminho, ao se agregar uma modelagem multivariada. Com essa modelagem Ã possÃvel capturar o efeito contÃgio e a interdependÃncia financeira global. O grupo de 10 paÃses presente no estudo representa 49,9% do PIB mundial e possuem representantes de 5 continentes. O modelo de volatilidade segue sugestÃo apresentada por Cappielo, Engle e Sheppard (2006) e modelos de Value-at-Risk (VaR) seguem Matos, Cruz, Macedo e JucÃ (CAEN-UFC Workingpaper). AtravÃs desse procedimento Ã possÃvel calcular VaR levando em consideraÃÃo o efeito contÃgio e a interdependÃncia entre os mercados ao longo do tempo. Os resultados encontrados sÃo robustos contra problemas de variÃveis omitidas, heterocedasticidade e endogeneidade, alÃm de considerar quebras estruturais. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, a interdependÃncia apresenta um papel importante dentro do processo de mensuraÃÃo de risco de mercado, apesar de atÃ agora ter sido esquecida pelos pesquisadores. Isso se deve, principalmente, porque a integraÃÃo financeira a nÃvel global leva ao cenÃrio de dependÃncia crescente entre os mercados financeiros e, dessa forma, aumentando o contÃgio de um impacto que ocorre em um mercado nos outros. Convidamos outros pesquisadores a rever nossa metodologia, utilizando inclusive mais informaÃÃes e incluindo outros paÃses. Acredita-se que o mundo estÃ ano a ano se tornando mais globalizado e suas economias por consequÃncia. Nesse artigo esse efeito estÃ sendo considerado dentro da mensuraÃÃo do risco de mercado. Incorporar esse efeito leva a modelagem, legal e interna, mais acurada, que ajuda supervisores de mercado a garantirem estabilidade de longo prazo para os mercados e possuÃrem mÃtricas mais confiÃveis dentro das instituiÃÃes sob sua tutela. AlÃm disso, Ã de grande valia para Ãreas de GestÃo de Risco de bancos e instituiÃÃes financeiras ao ajuda-las a compreender melhor seu perfil de risco, melhorar a comunicaÃÃo com investidores institucionais internacionais e ranquear de maneira mais eficiente seus investimentos e aplicaÃÃes. Estudos anteriores possuem um aspecto comum: Apenas levam em consideraÃÃo mudanÃas de volatilidade nos mercados domÃsticos, nÃo levando em consideraÃÃo os efeitos que outros paÃses possuem neles. No presente estudo, esse efeito se provou como importante e representativo, os modelos univariados domÃsticos falharam mais e com mais severidade que os modelos multivariados. Portanto, no presente artigo, buscou-se o desafio de dar o passo de nÃo mais modelar modelos univariados domÃsticos, mas modelos 4 multivariados globais. Acredita-se que esse avanÃo metodolÃgico ajudarÃ a melhor mensurar e entender o comportamento do risco de mercado atravÃs do mundo. This paper enter into the search of a refined and trustable metric for measuring financial risk. RiskMetrics (1994) marked the start of this search and since them many researches contributed with innovations and new models for that measure, and here we find a stepforward into the search, by aggregating multivariate models, with this itâs possible to capture the effect of a worldwide contagion and financial interdependence. The group of 10 countries presents in this study represents 49,9% of world GDP and has representation across 5 continents. We follow the model of volatilities suggested in Cappielo, Engle e Sheppard (2006) and Value-at-Risk follows Matos, Cruz, Macedo e JucÃ (CAEN-UFC Working paper), though this procedure itâs possible to accurate VaR model, and take in count the contagion and interdependence between markets, in long term. Our results are robust to problems with omitted variable, heteroskedasticity and endogeneity. We also take into account for structural break. According to our results, the interdependence plays an important role into financial risk measure process, although its until now usually forbidden by modelers, mostly because worldâs financial integration leads the global economies to the scenario of increasing dependence among them and contagion effect that spreads the impacts that occur into one market to the others. We invite researchers to revisit this issue in order obtain evidences using larger data and other countries as well. We claim that the world is year by year more globalized, and so are the other economies, here we add this into account for measuring financial risks. This leads to model, legal and internal, more accurate that help supervisors to guarantee the long term stability across the markets, have trustable measure of the financial institutions under their responsibility. Besides, helps the Risk Management area of banks and other financial institutions to better understand their risk profile, improve communication with institutional investors worldwide and rank effiently their investments and applications into the markets. Previous studies have a common aspect: they only consider the volatilities change across the domestic market, not tanking in consider the effect of the other countries into the domestic volatility, and this effect here is proven to be important and representative, the univariate domestic risk measure fails more and harder than the multivariate model. That being said, here we take this step, the challenge of modeling no more univariate, domestic risk measures, but a worldwide multivariate. This is a methodological innovation that helps better measure and understands the financial risks behavior across the world.

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Lucero, Aguilera Luis Alfonso. "Defensa de los indígenas en Chile en los inicios del siglo XX (1900-1925). El aporte de los sectores católicos, fuentes para su estudio." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113006.

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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo Las siguientes interrogantes, las que serán a su vez el hilo conductor de nuestra investigación: En primer lugar:¿La Iglesia Católica mantiene esa preocupación y esa defensa por los indígenas en el primer cuarto del siglo XX? En segundo lugar: ¿Existen actores o entidades sociales específicas en el Chile del primer cuarto de siglo XX, que tengan, por una parte, una fuerte identificación con la Iglesia Católica, y por otra parte, que en su accionar concreto tengan una real preocupación por los problemas que agobian al pueblo indígena por aquellos años? Y por último, la tercera pregunta es la siguiente ¿En que se traduce, en caso de existir, esa preocupación de estos actores sociales? En otras palabras ¿Qué acciones concretas, de esos actores sociales, podemos identificar y que acrediten la supuesta preocupación por la defensa de los indígenas? La historiografía nacional, que ha estudiado el siglo XIX y XX, esta conteste en que es factible establecer una triada entre los siguientes actores: Iglesia Católica; Partido Conservador; y determinada prensa conservadora. Lo fundamental para esta investigación, es determinar en que medida esos tres actores, siguen actuado en beneficio de los mapuches y sus problemas en el periodo comprendido de 1900 a 1925. Para ir contestando cada una de las interrogantes precedentes, que no son más que faros que nos permitirán orientar nuestra investigación, comenzaremos en el capítulo I, por una descripción más bien general respecto del contexto histórico en el cual se desarrollaron las relaciones, sociales, políticas, económicas de Chile entre 1900-1925. Allí podremos apreciar, sí esos actores sociales, siguen siendo vasos comunicantes muy especialmente respecto de la defensa del pueblo indígena. En el capítulo II, se analizará en primer lugar, al Partido Conservador y como éste aborda el tema indígena, tanto a través de las propuestas que se dan en sus Congresos Nacionales, como así también si sus Diputados o Senadores presentan proyectos de ley que mejoren las condiciones de vida del pueblo mapuche o simplemente a través de sus intervenciones denuncian su situación. En segundo lugar, se estudiara en el capítulo III, la acción de la Iglesia y el tema indígena, aquí podremos apreciar si efectivamente durante estos años mantiene o no un vivo interés por la el mundo mapuche. En el capítulo III, referido a la prensa, veremos las fuentes proporcionadas por El Diario Ilustrado y La Unión de Valparaíso, reconocidos como defensores y cercanos al mundo católico. En este punto, debemos desde ya hacer una observación. Diferenciaremos aquellos artículos que podríamos llamar simples noticias en las cuales se describe sin más un suceso, de aquellos en los cuales frente a un hecho determinado, el diario da su opinión, valorándola y encausando la noticia. En muchos casos veremos que se va más allá, buscando soluciones a los problemas que acechan al pueblo mapuche. Finalmente, se presentan las Conclusiones, por cada una de las preguntas formuladas más arriba.

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More, Santosh K. "An analytical study of the ethical problems in India's digital service sector and their impact on attrition in the IT industry." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/46897/.

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This research aims to test the hypothesis that ethical problems are causing high staff attrition rates within the digital service sector (DSS) in India. It is also shown that ethical problems affect other factors in DSS, such as trust, decision-making process, stability, and day to day activities of the individuals in the workplace. This research focuses on the ethical issues in India’s DSS as it exhibits a high staff attrition rate. India is the second largest populated country in the world and produces millions of multitasking, knowledgeable, talented and digitally skilled engineers annually. The rapid growth of Indian’s economy in the DSS is contributing largely to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Unfortunately, with the increasing and leading development of Indian DSS, organisations have started facing unethical conducts and unfair treatment towards their employees. In general ethical issues are well managed in developed and advanced countries, but their implementation in developing countries such as India is still problematic. This study has developed a theoretical framework appropriate to reduce ethical problems and decrease high attrition rate in the Indian DSS. It also focuses on identifying and reducing the ethical problems and decrease their effects on the major issue of a high rate of employee attrition. This research is based on an extensive review of the literature and testing several factors pertinent to the Indian context. The researcher has adopted a novel mixed method approach to accomplish aim and objectives by securing the perceptions of Indian DSS employees. Additionally, the researcher conducted a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews to gather information via a mixed research method strategy. The quantitative information collected from 64 Indian digitally skilled employees through surveys and a total 16 interviews were conducted to analyse the data. The survey questionnaires were analysed quantitatively by descriptive and statistical methods using SPSS and interviews were examined using the NVivo software. Furthermore, the researcher has also investigated the existence of guidelines, policies and code of ethics within the industry and whether it is properly followed and implemented by the management. Using a specialised code of ethics and professional conduct that have proved to be successful, the researcher created, develop and enhanced the existing code of ethics with regards to the employee, with an attempt to reduce the ethical problems and reduce high staff attrition rate across India’s DSS. The framework is useful for policymakers, the commercial and digital service sectors and to the government bodies to create change in India. The result of the study produces a new theory to solve the problem with the set of recommendations and proposals. Hence, the research contributes to knowledge about ethical issues and their effects on attrition. The development of this research study is considered to be the first of its kind and thus lays the ground for further research in this very sensitive area of the subject.

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Duprey, Thibaut. "Procyclicality of the banking sector : heterogeneity and extreme risk." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0095.

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Pendant la récente crise financière, une attention particulière a été portée à la procyclicité des intermédiaires financiers. Cette thèse contribue à une meilleure compréhension de leur comportement au cours du cycle économique. Les deux premiers chapitres, en adoptant une approche plus microéconomique, analysent l'impact de certaines différences entre banques sur leur provision de crédit. Ainsi les banques détenues par l'État ont généralement une meilleure capacité d'absorption des chocs négatifs. Des cycles du crédit différenciés peuvent également résulter d'une externalité qui amène à distinguer les banques en fonction de leur efficacité dans leur acquisition d'information ; auquel cas, davantage d'hétérogénéité entre banques génère une mauvaise allocation du crédit et impacte négativement la productivité de l'économie. Dans une perspective plus macroéconomique, le troisième article se focalise sur la procyclicité du levier bancaire comme source de fragilité en cas de choc extrême. La procyclicité inhérente des forces de marché engendre une accumulation du risque, ce qui peut justifier une régulation du levier bancaire. Le dernier chapitre s'intéresse à l'interaction entre les cycles réels et financiers et permet d'identifier les événements de stress financier systémique, qui peuvent se définir comme des périodes de stress sévère et simultané sur plusieurs marchés. Ces travaux devraient contribuer à la mise en place d'un nouveau cadre réglementaire macroprudentiel The procyclicality of financial intermediaries has been a key source of concern during the recent financial crisis. This thesis sheds a new light on several aspects of their behaviour over the economic cycle. The first two chapters take a bank level approach and analyse to which extent some type of heterogeneity among banks impacts the provision of credit throughout the cycle. I document that government-owned banks are usually in a better position to lend against the wind in periods of stress. Heterogeneous lending cycles can also arise as a result of an externality among banks more or less efficient in information acquisition, in which case, more banking heterogeneity distorts the allocation of credit and is detrimental to aggregate productivity. In a more macroeconomic perspective, the third chapter focuses on the procyclicality of banks' leverage as a source of fragility in case of extreme stress. The inherent procyclicality of market forces leads to an endogeneous build up of risk, which can justify bank leverage regulations. In the last chapter I investigate the interplay between the real and financial cycles and identify systemic financial stress events that can be understood as periods of severe and simultaneous stress on several markets. This work is particularly relevant for the new macroprudential regulatory framework

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Shembavnekar, Nihar S. "Did India's economic reforms generate jobs? : essays on economic liberalisation, labour market flexibility and employment in the Indian manufacturing sector (1990-2006)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/72555/.

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Whether economic liberalisation generates employment in developing countries remains a matter of debate in academic and policy circles. This thesis explores the labour market implications of a series of liberalising product market reforms initiated in India in the 1990s. The analysis of Chapter 2 indicates that declines in input tariffs are associated with increased formal firm employment across all Indian states, while FDI reform is associated with increased (reduced) formal firm employment in states with flexible (inflexible) labour markets (1990-1997). The FDI effect holds for permanent employment in both groups of states but only affects casual (contract) employment to a significant extent in states with flexible labour markets. The evidence is supportive of the baseline results being driven by product market competition within the formal sector. Chapter 3 reveals that tariff liberalisation is not associated with significant changes in employment in informal enterprises, possibly because these enterprises rarely engage in international trade. However, on average and ceteris paribus, delicensing (FDI reform) is associated with statistically significant increases in informal employment and informal enterprise numbers in states with inflexible (flexible) labour markets (1990-2001). There is some evidence that the delicensing effect is attributable to increases in product market competition in delicensed industries in the post-reform period. The mechanism underlying the result associated with FDI liberalisation is more uncertain and could be one or a combination of competition and collaborative linkages between informal and formal manufacturers. Chapter 4 examines the impact of a post-1996 policy reform (‘SSI dereservation'), which liberalised product markets that had long been reserved for small businesses, on employment in informal manufacturing enterprises. On average and ceteris paribus, dereservation is associated with increased employment in larger informal ‘establishments', but not in tiny household enterprises (1995-2006), attributable in part to increases in product market competition with large formal firms.

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Chintapanti, Adithya. "Unintended consequences of regulatory globalisation : an evaluation of World Bank initiated legal reform in India's electricity sector : the case of Andhra Pradesh." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2018. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108831/.

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Economic liberalisation initiatives at the behest of international financial institutions and bilateral donors have been accompanied by regulatory reform. This requires adoption of a standard regulatory template through legislative reform by the recipient jurisdiction. This thesis argues that every jurisdiction, given its unique social, political, economic and cultural attributes, possesses a unique character which in turn requires customised regulatory solutions. This thesis argues that a simplistic legal instrumentalist approach to regulatory reform, disregarding the unique regulatory attributes, is unlikely to succeed in achieving its regulatory objectives. In other words, it is bound to have ‘less than intended’ effect. The thesis discusses this phenomenon of global diffusion of regulatory norms in the context of legislative changes incorporating the World Bank’s global regulatory template in the electricity sector in India. Since the sector is administered at the State level, the thesis focuses on the implementation of the legislative arrangements regulating the state and privatising the state-owned entities in the State of Andhra Pradesh. It argues that any regulatory reform initiative aimed at introducing a standard model is bound to encounter societal forces in the nature of co-option, resistance, uneasy co-existence etc. As a consequence, a standard model will not be able to bring about the intended social and economic changes and that the institutional and administrative processes associated with the standard model themselves undergo a transformation. It demonstrates that this was the reason for the reform measures not yielding the desired results in the State level electricity sector in India.

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Santos, Maria Inês Valente Pereira Trindade. "Evolution of tangent portfolios : an analysis of the european industries from 2000 to 2014." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10704.

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Mestrado em Finanças O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar o impacto de quatro grandes choques financeiros no mercado europeu de ações, por setor. Em particular, são analisadas as variações no ótimo de Markowitz (1952) de Carteiras Tangentes de Investidores Europeus. Estes são carteiras reais, sem erros de estimação. O período em análise é de 2000 a 2014, que compreende os seguintes choques financeiros: (i) 11 de Setembro, 2001; (ii) a crise Dot-Com, entre 2000 e 2001; (iii) a crise de hipotecas do sub-prime, entre 2007 e 2008; e (iv) a crise da dívida soberana europeia, durante 2011. Para o efeito, são utilizados como ativos subjacentes 16 índices de setores Europeus que incluem empresas de 16 países Europeus. A diminuição da diversificação em períodos de crise, embora mais suave para períodos de investimento mais curtos são alguns dos resultados desta investigação. No sentido de complementar a análise desenvolvida neste estudo, sugere-se que se componham Carteiras Tangentes reais através de índices de referência de países Europeus. Além disso, também se propõe uma extensão do período de tempo analisado, pelo menos até ao final de 2015, tendo em consideração os últimos desenvolvimentos em matéria de choques que têm afetado a Europa. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of four major financial shocks on European stock markets by sector. In particular, we analyze the variations in the optimal Markowitz (1952) Tangent Portfolios of European investors. These are real life portfolios, with no estimation errors. The period under analysis is from 2000 to 2014, which comprises the following shocks: (i) the 11th September, 2001; (ii) the Dot-Com crisis, during 2000-2001; (iii) the sub-prime mortgages crisis, during 2007-2008; and (iv) the European sovereign debt crisis, during 2011. We use 16 European sector indices as underlying assets, including companies from 16 European countries. Decreased diversification in crisis periods, although milder for shorter investment horizons are some of the findings of this investigation. Also, to complement the analysis carried out in this investigation, we suggest to compose real life Tangent Portfolios using reference indices of European countries. We also propose an extension of the data-range, at least until the end of 2015, given the latest developments regarding shocks affecting Europe.

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Watson, Jiménez Lucía Clarisa. "Élites y camélidos : excavaciones en los sectores I y II en Pueblo Viejo Pucara, un asentamiento del período Horizonte Tardío en el valle de Lurín." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2009. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/434.

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En el presente trabajo vamos a tratar dos áreas dentro del complejo arqueológico de Pueblo Viejo Pucará, en el valle de Lurín. La tesis propone entender el funcionamiento del espacio, en el cual se debieron haber estado llevando a cabo actividades de producción (relacionadas al pastoreo) y aspectos rituales (a través de los contextos funerarios) en relación al área habitacional adyacente del Sector I. Es también nuestra preocupación precisar la relación en cuanto a la temporalidad de uso entre el área palaciega del Sector II y el área de producción donde una de sus principales funciones llevadas a cabo estaría orientada al pastoreo. Y a través de los resultados establecer el rol que pudo haber cumplido la ganadería de camélidos en este sitio. Tesis

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Muro, Ynoñán Luis Armando. "Espacios públicos, encuentros sociales y ritual funerario en San José de Moro : análisis de la ocupación Mochica Tardío en el Área 45, Sector Oeste de San José de Moro." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2009. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/438.

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A través de esta investigación intentamos entender un conjunto de evidencias recuperadas a partir de la excavación en el sitio arqueológico San José de Moro, ubicado en la margen derecha del río Jequetepeque, en el departamento La Libertad. Esta tesis intenta seguir las pautas establecidas en todo proceso de investigación, el cual se basa en la identificación de un problema, el planteamiento de una hipótesis, la obtención de datos, el análisis de los mismos y la comprobación de las ideas planteadas. La obtención de los datos se realizó durante la temporada de campo 2008 del Programa Arqueológico San José de Moro (PASJM), y se hizo empleando la metodología de excavación y registro planteado por el proyecto. El análisis de los objetos recuperados se realizó en los Laboratorios de Arqueología de la PUCP, donde se procedió a su limpieza y catalogación. Posteriormente, los datos fueron analizados, haciendo especial hincapié en los restos arquitectónicos y en el material cerámico, este último nos permitió responder preguntas cronológicas y funcionales de las estructuras excavadas. Los resultados fueron, finalmente, interpretados a la luz de los lineamientos teóricos mencionados líneas abajo. Tesis

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Romoacca, Serrano Andrés Raymundo, and Medina Haydeé Oré. "Relación de los valores antropométricos índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de la cintura (CC) y circunferencia del brazo (CB) con los parámetros bioquímicos colesterol y triglicéridos en el distrito de Villa El Salvador-sector II : año 2014." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3782.

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Los indicadores antropométricos, entre los cuales tenemos al índice de masa corporal (IMC), es un indicador simple entre la relación de peso y talla. Constituye una medida poblacional útil de sobrepeso y obesidad, pues el resultado no depende ni de la edad ni del género de las personas, depende del exceso de tejido adiposo como una acumulación anormal o excesiva de grasa y siendo perjudicial para la salud1, 2. La circunferencia de la cintura (CC) viene a ser el perímetro del mismo tomado a nivel del abdomen. Llamado también perímetro abdominal, es una medida que se usa para valorar la grasa corporal y su distribución, siendo además un indicador de riesgo cardiovascular. Ahora si bien el IMC este elevado, este no determina si es un predominio de la masa magra y/o grasa, por ello se usa los indicadores antropométricos que identifiquen los depósitos grasos y la medida de la circunferencia de la cintura fue elegido, puesto que se asoció que la grasa visceral se encontraba significativamente relacionado con el colesterol y los trigliceridos3, 4, 5, 6. La circunferencia del brazo (CB) es tomada a nivel mesobraquial, es decir el punto medio entre el acromion y el olecranon. Es un indicador de depósito proteico y es utilizado para explicar si el exceso o déficit encontrado es a expensas de la masa grasa, proteica o de ambos e indica el grado de desarrollo braquial7, 8. El colesterol, como parámetro bioquímico, es un lípido del grupo de los esteroles. A partir de este compuesto, derivan todos los esteroides del organismo, como son las hormonas esteroideas y en la vesícula biliar, formando ácidos biliares. El compuesto anteriormente mencionado, lo encontramos en las membranas celulares en donde su función es regular la fluidez de las mismas8, 9. El otro parámetro bioquímico, triglicéridos, es una clase específica de lípidos cuyo nombre proviene de tres ácidos grasos ligados a un alcohol glicerol Tesis

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Palma, Málaga Martha R. "Vivir con los muertos: comportamientos funerarios en el Sector III de Pueblo Viejo-Pucará, Valle de Lurín (Horizonte Tardío)." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8760.

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El ritual funerario es uno de los eventos más investigados a nivel antropológico, y su estudio en diferentes sociedades nos muestra la diversidad de acciones que este puede motivar. En el presente trabajo asumimos que los comportamientos funerarios no pueden ser analizados a cabalidad en abstracción del conjunto de creencias que le dieron significado y fundamento. Para ello hay que intentar reconstruir todas las relaciones intra-contexto y entre los espacios de uso adyacentes. En el caso preciso del presente estudio los contextos funerarios fueron excavados sistemáticamente en áreas de residencias. Los vivos convivían con los muertos. El material estudiado proviene de seis unidades-patio del Sector III de Pueblo Viejo-Pucará, un asentamiento urbano del periodo Horizonte Tardío ubicado en el valle de Lurín. Las excavaciones de esta zona se iniciaron en el año 2000, en donde como parte del curso de excavación de la especialidad de Arqueología tuve a cargo la excavación de un patio en el Sector III. Durante las excavaciones pude recuperar evidencias del diverso uso de este espacio común, destinado a actividades cotidianas que sin embargo se encontraban muy cercanas a los espacios funerarios. Posteriormente, el Dr. Makowski me dio la oportunidad de excavar en Pueblo Viejo- Pucará como parte de mis prácticas pre-profesionales, excavaciones que se realizaron en una de las unidades-patio que son materia de esta investigación (Unidad-patio 5). En Enero del 2002 inicié las excavaciones para las prácticas pre-profesionales guiada por el Dr. Makowski y años después el Dr. Makowski apoyó la iniciativa de realizar un inventario general de los materiales óseos humanos que se realizó, en su primera etapa, desde Enero del 2004 a Agosto 2006. Este proyecto de inventario y obtención del perfil biológico sirvió de base para retomar en el año 2011 el análisis de los materiales óseos excavados hasta esa fecha en el Sector III. Tesis

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Trebbin, Anika [Verfasser], and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Hassler. "Smallholder farmers market integration through Producer Organizations - An analysis of the Producer Company model in the context of India’s emerging modern food retail sector / Anika Trebbin. Betreuer: Markus Hassler." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1032314060/34.

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Martín, Pérez Francisco Javier. "Análisis estratégico del sector naviero de las Islas Canarias en el periodo 1718-1778: factores determinantes en la evolución de su rendimiento." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/55370.

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Fraga, Maria Cristina dos Santos Esteves. "O alinhamento das ações de responsabilidade social corporativa com a teoria: o estudo de uma instituição financeira no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18719.

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Submitted by MARIA CRISTINA DOS SANTOS ESTEVES FRAGA (cristinafraga@bb.com.br) on 2017-08-25T21:33:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Maria Cristina dos Santos Esteves Fraga.pdf: 1656388 bytes, checksum: 37cfc45da00c15f85cfd1f078b01014d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2017-08-30T18:33:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Maria Cristina dos Santos Esteves Fraga.pdf: 1656388 bytes, checksum: 37cfc45da00c15f85cfd1f078b01014d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T20:43:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Maria Cristina dos Santos Esteves Fraga.pdf: 1656388 bytes, checksum: 37cfc45da00c15f85cfd1f078b01014d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-28 A proposta deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo de caso de uma empresa do setor bancário brasileiro, que buscou evidenciar o alinhamento das ações de responsabilidade social corporativa (RSC) do Banco do Brasil com o referencial teórico sobre o tema, a partir da observação do crescente interesse por este assunto por investidores, empresas, governos e academia, pelo desenvolvimento de indicadores de desempenho relacionados à sustentabilidade, bem como pela maior valorização nas Bolsas de Valores das ações das empresas que têm consciência da importância e incluem em seus negócios a RSC. Após análise da literatura específica e dos documentos públicos do Banco, o estudo revelou que as iniciativas do Banco do Brasil, ratificadas pela adesão a tratados e acordos nacionais e internacionais, fazem parte de seu posicionamento estratégico e estabeleceram um novo modelo de gestão, baseado na sustentabilidade dos negócios e das relações com todos os públicos de relacionamento, indicando o alinhamento do Banco com a teoria. The purpose of this study was to conduct a case study of a company of the Brazilian banking sector, which sought to highlight the alignment of corporate social responsibility (CSR) actions of Banco do Brasil with the theoretical framework on the subject, based on the observation of increasing interest by investors, companies, governments and academia on the subject, the development of performance indices related to sustainability, as well as a greater valuation on the Stock Exchanges of companies that are aware of the importance and include CSR in their business. After analyzing the literature and the public documents of the Bank, the study revealed that the initiatives of Banco do Brasil, ratified by adherence to national and international treaties and agreements, are part of its strategic position and established a new management model, based on sustainability of business and relationships with all stakeholders, indicating the alignment of the Bank with the theory.

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Costa, Ivys Medeiros da. "Terra indígena x terra de usina: legislação socioambiental e fundiária e os conflitos na TI Potiguara Monte-Mor-PB." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4569.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:49:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5055226 bytes, checksum: fa1389ecbca21468121a95cb3f3427a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-05 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The history of the contact with indigenous people in Brazil has been marked by agrarian and socio-environmental conflicts due to the confrontation with big development governmental projects supported by private companies, aiming at the exploration of natural resources and thus causing a continuous deterritorialization of indigenous people. The main objective of this work is to analyze the agrarian and socio environmental conflicts in the Potiguara Monte Mor indigenous land in the North coast of Paraíba caused by the presence of sugar and ethanol mills in these lands and of an environmental protection area in indigenous lands. The research involved many different methodological procedures such as, a bibliographical research about the Brazilian environmental and Indian culture legislation from the 17th century to the 21st century; a documental research about the administrative processes filed by the IBAMA from 1990 to 2012, and the extra judicial conflict resolution through actions by the Federal Public Ministry and other social agents; a field research which aimed at mapping the agrarian and socio environmental conflicts in the Potiguara Monte Mor/PB land by identifying the ones involved in these conflicts; and at last, a research-action video was recorded with the participation of teachers and students of the Cacique Domingos School in the Portiguara Monte Mor land to identify the environmental problems caused by deforestation, and inappropriate garbage disposal. Due to it, some field activities like seedling planting at the river source and garbage collection in the Village were done. To do so, a qualitative research with exploratory semi structured interviews with a descriptive bias was held. The methodology of the conflicts mapping was developed based on Little (2006) through the ethnography of the conflicts, and the analysis of the Bardin content (2004) resulted in the visibility of the agrarian and environmental conflicts in the Potiguara Monte Mor land. The research action through the video managed to touch emotionally the community to the environmental problems with autonomy from reterritorialization. Finally, the research points out some suggestions of the public policies use which lead to solutions and prevention of these conflicts like the demarcation process of that lands by the legal ratification of the demarcation by the Government A história recente do contato dos índios com a sociedade nacional no Brasil tem sido marcada por conflitos socioambientais e fundiários em decorrência do confronto com grandes projetos governamentais de desenvolvimento e com o apoio às empresas privadas, visando a exploração dos recursos naturais, provocando uma contínua desterritorialização dos indios. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar os conflitos socioambientais e fundiários na Terra Indígena (TI) Potiguara Monte Mor no Litoral Norte da Paraíba, provocados pela presença de usinas sucroalcooleiras neste território e de uma Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) sobreposta à Terra Indígena. A realização da pesquisa envolveu diferentes procedimentos metodológicos, desde a pesquisa bibliográfica a respeito da legislação ambiental e indigenista brasileira do século XVII ao século XXI; e documental sobre os processos administrativos autuados pelo IBAMA entre 1990 e maio de 2012 e as formas de resolução extra judicial de conflitos através de ações do Ministério Público Federal MPF e outros atores sociais; a pesquisa de campo que visou realizar um mapeamento dos conflitos socioambientais e fundiários na TI Potiguara Monte Mor/PB identificado os atores sociais envolvidos; e, por fim, foi gravado um vídeo com o intuito de identificar de forma participativa os problemas ambientais através de uma pesquisa-ação com a presença de professores e alunos da Escola Cacique Domingos na TI Potiguara Monte Mor, verificando problemas ambientais como o desmatamento e a disposição inadequada do lixo, o que ocasionou a realização de atividades de campo com os Potiguara na Aldeia Jaraguá com a realização do plantio de mudas nativas na nascente de rio com fonte de água mineral e a coleta de lixo na aldeia. A metodologia do mapeamento dos conflitos foi desenvolvida com base em Little (2006) através da etnografia dos conflitos, para tanto, baseou-se numa pesquisa de cunho qualitativo com entrevistas semi estruturadas, de caráter exploratório com viés descritivo. Na análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2004) teve como resultado a visibilidade dos conflitos socioambientais e fundiários na TI Potiguara Monte Mor e a pesquisa-ação através da produção do vídeo possibilitou a sensibilização da comunidade para a gestão territorial ambiental com autonomia a partir da reterritorialização. Finalmente, a pesquisa aduz sobre o uso efetivo das políticas públicas previstas pela PNGATI (2012) na busca por soluções desses conflitos, além da necessidade na conclusão do processo demarcatório da TI com a homologação da demarcação pela União

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Song, Matthew. "Modelling and forecasting volatility of JSE sectoral indices: a Model Confidence Set exercise." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15056.

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Volatility plays an important role in option pricing and risk management. It is crucial that volatility is modelled as accurately as possible in order to forecast with confidence. The challenge is in the selection of the ‘best’ model with so many available models and selection criteria. The Model Confidence Set (MCS) solves this problem by choosing a group of models that are equally good. A set of GARCH models were estimated for several JSE indices and the MCS was used to trim the group of models to a subset of equally superior models. Using the Mean Squared Error to evaluate the relative performance of the MCS, GARCH (1,1) and Random Walk, it was found that the MCS, with an equally weighted combination of models, performed better than the GARCH (1,1) and Random Walk for instances where volatility in the returns data was high. For instances of low volatility in the returns, the GARCH (1,1) had superior 5-day forecasts but the MCS had better performance for 10-days and greater. The EGARCH (2,1) volatility model was selected by the MCS for 5 out of the 6 indices as the most superior model. The Random Walk was shown to have better long term forecasting performance.

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Dlamini, Cebisa S. "The relationship between macroeconomic indicators and stock returns: evidence from the JSE sectoral indices." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23382.

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Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in finance and investment 2017 This study investigates the causal relationship between selected macroeconomic indicators (inflation, industrial production, South African (SA) short term interest rate, United States (US) short term interest rate) and the Resources, Financials and Industrials sectoral indices of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) using monthly data over the period January 2002 to January 2016. The Granger-causality test is used to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the macroeconomic indicators and the sectoral indices. The results found the following: a uni-directional causal relationship from the Resources index to the US short term interest rate; a uni-directional causal relationship from the Financials index to the SA short term interest rate and the US short term interest rate; and a uni-directional causal relationship between the Industrials index and inflation, Industrials index and US short term interest rate, Industrials index and SA short term interest rate, Industrial production and the Industrials index. Further, the results show that only the SA short term interest rate and gold price jointly impact the Resources index, negatively and positively, respectively. Also, SA short term interest rate and US short term interest rate have a negative and positive joint impact the Financials index. Inflation, industrial production and gold price are restricted in the multiple regression model. These findings have important implications for managing resources and the macroeconomy. MT2017

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Tsai, Ming-Tsun, and 蔡明勳. "Currency crisis and spill-over effect : evidence from exchange rates and sectoral stock indices of the Taiwan and Thailand." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89166001728998476758.

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碩士 國立臺北大學 經濟學系 94 The Central Bank of China（CBC）always says “It is managerial floating exchange rate in Taiwan”, that is CBC has being intervening in foreign exchange markets. The CBC would change the degree of intervention according to the international tension and it’s clear example in Asian financial crisis. Under the CBC’s heavy intervention the NTD remained stable against the USD until mid-October 1997. Though Taiwan has pretty good economic fundamentals, it has not remained immune to the contagion. After the CBC allowed the NTD exchange rate to be determined by market forces on October 17,1997 , the NTD devaluated rapidly. This study analyses the 1997 Asian financial crisis by using daily data of exchange rates and sectoral stock indices of the Taiwan and Thailand. With the test methods of time series, this paper ascertain that benchmark stock indices fail to provide good connections between the NTD and sectoral stock indices.

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LIN, CHIN-SHAN, and 林景山. "Constructing the Trading Strategies with Signals in Financial and Electronic Sector Indices." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wyws23.

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碩士 國立高雄第一科技大學 金融系碩士專班 106 “When the phenomenon of buying financial sector stocks and selling electronic sector stocks appears, the stock market would fall down.” This is a prevailing saying of practitioners in the Taiwan stock market. The capitalization weighted stock index, the electronic sector index and the financial sector index data of the Taiwan Stock Exchange from 1995 to 2016 were used to examine the above saying empirically. The results show that the trading strategy signal of “buying financial sector stocks and selling electronic sector stocks”, which is defined as the positive rate of return on the financial sector index and the negative rate of return on the electronic sector index, can predict the rate of return on the capitalization weighted stock index. In addition, during the period with the lower level of the capitalization weighted stock index, people who short the capitalization weighted stock index after the above signal appears, they can earn a significant positive rate of return. The findings of this study are highly meaningful for investors.

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Lin, Cheng-Tai, and 林正泰. "Explore the VIX Index and the Taiwan stock market indices associated with the Electronic sector and Construction sector." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3ds3p7.

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碩士 義守大學 管理碩博士班 102 In order to gain profits in the stock market, choosing the right stocks and right timing are the two most important key factors, with timing more important than the choice of stocks. However, the investors are most confused regarding the timing in entering the ever-changing stock market. This study employs the VIX index, proposed by the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE), as the sentiment indicator and the timing reference of entering the stock market. Different from the past literature, which looks into the single index in one country, this study analyzes the electronics-industry stock index and the construction-industry stock index as markers of buying and selling stocks. Also, considering the deferred effect of panic and optimistic of VIX and the “gradual-increase yet dramatic-decrease” features of the stock market, this study offers forty-nine investment proposals using either the strategies of VIX higher than 30 or VIX lower than 20, and then re-exceeding 20. This study indicates that investors using the VIX index as the sentiment indicator make higher profits and better performance in the construction-industry stock index in the Taiwan stock market, which can serve as further investment references in the future.

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Mouroutsos, Stavros, and 莫達夫. "The History and Challenges of the Baltic Dry Indices in the Bulk Shipping Sector." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gk5je2.

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碩士 國立臺灣海洋大學 航運管理學系 105 From the creation of the first shipping index, the BFI, until now there have been many changes not only in the seaborne trade patterns but also in the evolution of the shipping indices. The last years’ shipping market is highly unstable and major changes are about to happen in the coming years that will surely affect once again the indices and their calculation methods. This study aims to show if the growth of the seaborne trade volume throughout the years contributed to the Baltic indices’ vessel capacity changes and its’ weightings changes. Beside this, the BVI (Baltic Valemax Index) index is constructed in an effort to show the importance of that index’s routes, as well as how it might be calculated from the Baltic Exchange if it is finally adopted. The matching approach of the index changes with the growth of the seaborne trade volume will be employed in this study, with information obtained mainly from the Baltic Exchange’s reports as well as Clarksons’ reports. It is expected that this study will reveal the contribution that the cargo volumes have on the indices and further make the first step in the construction of a new index. This research reveals that the main cause of the indices’ changes is the pressure that the seaborne trade volume growth puts on the existing transportation capacity and this pressure can be eased either through a tonnage fleet expansion, through a vessel capacity growth or the combination of these two. Furthermore, the BVI index reveals the importance of each route and how the weighting factors should be distributed according to the cargo volumes that are exported solely from Brazil. Last, this research forecasts that the advent of the new Valemax vessels will cause C3 route's weighting and C14 route’s weighting to drop a lot and C5 route's weighting might increase by taking their share. As a consequence, the freight rates for C5 route might drop significantly due to the influx of superfluous tonnage in the Capesize market.

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Chiang, Yen, and 蔣嚴. "Impact of Institutional Investors and Market Factors on the Taiwan Stock Exchange Electronic and Financial Sector Indices." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25768337736630283095.

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碩士 國立臺灣大學 經濟學研究所 96 Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to explore the relation among the Taiwan Stock Exchange Electronic Sector Index , the Taiwan Stock Exchange Financial Sector Index and foreign stock exchange markets , macroeconomic variables (such as quantity of money and foreign exchange rate ,etc.) , net buy or net sell of institutional investors , and the interaction between all of these factors above. The empirical results could be useful for investors. First , we employ the ADF unit root test to check if the variables have stochastic trend ,and then to remove their unit root in order to make them stationary. Then , examine the correlation between the variables. The results of our empirical research which is based on the multiple index model are as follows : Monetary policy (change in quantity of M_1b) has strong positive influence on Taiwan Stock Exchange Electronic Sector Index and Taiwan Stock Exchange Financial Sector Index, and the effect will last one to two months. The relation among Taiwan Stock Exchange Electronic Sector Index , Taiwan Stock Exchange Financial Sector Index and foreign stock exchange markets are different. The influences of interactions among institutional investors and foreign exchange markets on the two indexes are different. Only foreign institutional investors have influences on the Taiwan Stock Exchange Electronic Sector Index, while the others do not have statistical significance. Regardless, we should still take the insignificant variables into account when we make our investment decisions. because a variable doesn’t have statistical significance , it doesn’t mean that it cannot influence stock price index at all.

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Mellado, Cano Javier. "Atmospheric circulation and climate of the Euro-Atlantic sector since 1685 based on new directional flow indices." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/42533.

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Knowledge of atmospheric circulation beyond the mid-18th century is hampered by the scarcity of instrumental records, particularly over the Ocean. In this regard, wind direction observations kept in ships’ logbooks are a consolidated but underexploited instrumental source of climatic information. In this Thesis we present four monthly indices of wind persistence, one for each cardinal direction, based on daily wind direction observations taken aboard ships over the English Channel. These Directional Indices (DIs) are the longest observational record of atmospheric circulation to date, covering the 1685-2014 period. DIs anomalies are associated with near-surface climatic signals over large areas of Europe in all seasons, being excellent benchmarks for proxy calibrations. DIs series are dominated by large interannual-to-interdecadal variability and provide all year-round observational evidences of atmospheric circulation responses to external forcings (tropical volcanic eruptions) or the role of the atmospheric circulation in anomalous periods such as the Late Maunder Minimum (LMM, 1675-1715). In both cases, the results emphasize complex patterns that are more heterogeneous than previously thought, with contrasting spatial signals in both circulation and temperature. When considered together, DIs explain a considerable amount of European climate variability, improving that accounted for by single modes of variability. This allows us to yield the longest instrumental-based series of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and East Atlantic (EA). The results highlight the role of EA in shaping the North Atlantic action centers and the NAO’s European climate responses. Transitions in the NAO/EA phase space have been recurrent and explain non-stationary NAO signatures and anomalous periods. NAO and EA have additive effects on the jet speed but opposite impacts on the jet latitude, allowing us to derive the first instrumental reconstruction of the North Atlantic eddy-driven jet stream for the last three centuries.

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Hsieh, Chung-Wu, and 謝忠武. "A Study on Construction of Organizational Innovation Indices system for the Public Sectors ’ Human Resource Development Institutes in Taiwan." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85378814316571766345.

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博士 國立臺灣師範大學 工業科技教育研究所 93 This Research tried to explore the organizational innovation content for Taiwan’s Human Resource Development Institutes. Research constructed the indicators of the organizational innovation and hoped the research findings could become an important guideline for Taiwan’s Human Resource Development Institutes when they implement education and training. The research methods could be summarized into three categories as follows: First of all was the literature longitudinal research method. Research used literature review and depth interview to complete the first draft questionnaire. Secondly, with the investigation method, research used questionnaire investigation to establish the hierarchical structure of organizational innovation indicators. The third method was the expert questionnaire investigation method. Research used Analytic Hierarchy Process method to set up the relative weight of organizational innovation indicators. As to the research findings, they could be stated as follows; First, the dimension of organizational innovation indicators for Taiwan’s Human Resource Development Institutes included innovation strategy and implement, organizational system and structure, human resource, and organizational culture. Second, the organizational innovation indicators for Taiwan’s Human Resource Development Institutes could be divided into four systems including 12 main dimensions which were consisted with 60 indicators. Third, research completed the indicators system of organizational innovation indicators for Taiwan’s Human Resource Development Institutes. Finally, research provided concrete suggestions to overnment and those who were interested in the related topics.

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Kang, Hua-Yun, and 康華芸. "Non-linear Analysis for Interaction between China-concept-Electronic Sector Stocks Index and Stock Indices of Taiwan and China under Business Fluctuation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67188714797784677260.

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碩士 淡江大學 財務金融學系碩士班 102 The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of exchange rate, TAIEX and Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index on the china-concept-electronic sector stocks index by using Smooth Transition Model of nonlinear method, and we use china GDP growth rats as a threshold variable. The research period was from the first quarter of 2000 to the fourth quarter of 2013 and totally 56 quarterly data were calculated. The empirical results are described as follows: 1. When China GDP growth rate is less than the threshold value, TAIEX and China GDP growth rate for china-concept-electronic sector stocks index showed negative effects, but the impact of Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index and exchange rate to positive to influence. 2. When China GDP growth rate is greater than the threshold value, TAIEX, Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index and China GDP growth rate for china-concept-electronic sector stocks index showed positive effects , while exchange rate has negative effects.

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Chimanga, Artwell S. "Market segmentation and factors affecting stock returns on the JSE." Thesis, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6143_1260529298.

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This study examines the relationship between stock returns and market segmentation. Monthly returns of stocks listed on the JSE from 1997-2007 are analysed using mostly the analytic factor and cluster analysis techniques. Evidence supporting the use of multi-index models in explaining the return generating process on the JSE is found. The results provide additional support for Van Rensburg (1997)'s hypothesis on market segmentation on the JSE.

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Morawski, Edward Roger. "Policy sector convergence: an examination of aboriginal politics and forestry policy in British Columbia." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4021.

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British Columbia is undergoing a transformation in both its forestry policy regime and its regime governing aboriginal policy. Forestry policy has evolved from what once was a closed network, dominated by the ministry of forests and the forestry industry, to a more expansive network that includes a variety of interests. British Columbia's aboriginal policy now recognizes the legitimacy of aboriginal claims to traditional territories, and has correspondingly initiated a treaty negotiation process with B.C.'s First Nations. A synthesis has emerged between aboriginal politics and the provincial forestry regime in some parts of the province. Consequently, two independant policy sectors have converged and this new policy phenomenon has been unexplored by political scientists. Clayoquot Sound, on the west coast of Vancouver Island, is an area at the forefront of forestry policy development. This thesis, therefore, uses Clayoquot Sound as a case study of sector convergence. In doing so, this thesis explains the phenomena of inter-sector penetration and explores its consequences to policy theory.

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Maharaj, Thrusha. "The construction and negotiation of the notion of the identity in a print sector of the media : a case study of the Sunday Tribune Herald." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2700.

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In post apartheid South Africa, the country's citizens have undergone much change in terms of their identity. No longer are people bound by the disenfranchisement and the constraints that the erstwhile apartheid regime dictated, which placed people in distinct categories of identity. In this regard, South African citizens can now freely explore and exhibit their identities without having to act within the confines of 'specific' identities, which were once imposed upon them. Yet, despite this freedom some people within these groups remain committed to maintaining their cultural identity through certain mediums and practises. The Indian population of South Africa is one such group and the Sunday Tribune Herald is one such newspaper which caters for the Indian South African in this regard. This study examines how a print medium, that is, the Sunday Tribune Herald attempts to validate their target audience's notion of identity. Thus, the main focus of this research project is to explore, through the method of interviews, and a semiotic reading of the text, how the Sunday Tribune Herald and therefore those who are responsible for producing this newspaper, namely, staff members', play a role in constructing and negotiating the notion of identity. The project analyses what the Sunday Tribune Herald staff members' perception of the notion of identity is, and how, in their capacity as editors and journalists, they are able to provide a medium for a particular community, which is representative of, and addresses, the community's needs in terms oftheir identity. Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.

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Bharuthram, Sharita. "Politeness : the case study of apologies and requests an inter-generation cross-sex study in the Hindu sector of the South African Indian English speaking community." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5219.

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The aim of this study is to investigate politeness phenomena within the Hindu sector of the South African Indian English speaking community. The study focuses on the understanding of politeness within the target community and whether this understanding has changed over the past generation. It also examines if males and females exhibit and value politeness differently. Finally the study investigates which of the existing Western/non-Western models of politeness are relevant for describing the politeness phenomena in the target community. This study is conducted through the realizations of the speech acts of requests and apologies, focusing on the variables of age, status and social distance. In order to achieve triangulation, qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection were used. These comprised interviews with cultural/religious leaders, discourse completion tasks, interviews with families and a ranking scale. My findings reveal that the understanding of politeness phenomena within the target community is more in keeping with that in other non-Western cultures than in Western cultures. Females are found to exhibit more polite behaviours than males. Further, in general the understanding of politeness over the past generation has remained more or less constant. Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sectoral Indices'

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