Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sécularisation (Théologie)'
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Menager, Frédéric. "Théorie critique et sécularisation." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0141.
Full textCritical Theory is not a fixed set of authors grouped together into a school but rather astyle of thought. One of Critical Theory’s particularities is its frequent reference to concepts derived from theology and religious vocabulary, a feature well known to eminent commentatorssuch as Martin Jay, but held in low regard and inadequately expounded. This thesis attempts to map and describe the genealogy of the usage made of these concepts by looking at them from a genetic standpoint in order to elucidate their sources as well as from a structural standpoint in order to explain the functional contribution of Critical Theory to the general economy. Another aspect explored is the necessary confrontation of this meaning inherent to Critical Theory with the quarrel over secularization that has permeated German philosophical life since 1922 and the publication of Schmitt's Political Theology.To this end we have studied a corpus that spans from the founders of the so-calledFrankfurt School to later representatives who have been grouped under the term communicative shifting-point, also covering like-minded authors sharing Bloch or Kracauer's relationship to the secularization of theology. Research here is concerned with concepts as such and is notguided by historical rationale or any author classification scheme. An approach focused on major movements and conceptual changes has been emphasized. I nevertheless included the paradigmatic break, as it intersects a historical, methodological and conceptual turning point.Individual authors' positions have been compared with one another and their meaning placed in relation to underlying theological structures, in particular those dealing with the notion of Jewish messianism, but also with key themes surrounding secularization theory.This use of secularized theological concepts enables us to view the communicational paradigm as a response to certain difficulties arising from earlier use of secularized theological concepts and as part of the transition from a theory of domination to a theory of democracy. Said transformation entails a shift from secularized theology to a political philosophy ofreligion. Moreover, we have come to realize that Critical Theory is redefining the epistemic scope of the secularization quarrel by advocating an alternative to the Löwith-Blumenberg debate. Beyond metamorphosizing Critical Theory, this theory constitutes a leaven for unity,heralding a model for the conception of complexified secularization. The latter now requires systematic modelling in order to account for the aporia between the persistence of the power of heteronomic religious thought and the decline of its hold on the political and legal organization of societies that have become self-sufficient
Alligier-Otanian, Sandrine. "Profondeurs et horizons de la demande religieuse : La sécularisation en marche." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10041.
Full textFabbri, Renaud. "L'Ordre et le sacré : sécularisation, désécularisation et théologie politique dans la contre-révolution européenne et les nouveaux mouvements politico-religieux musulmans et hindous." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS008S.
Full textThe notion of Political Theology seems to bring us back to outdated questions or problematic ideologies. Since Weber, we tend to associate modernity with secularization and liquidation of political theology. Against the convergence theories, my work investigates whether or not the European model of secularization represents the exception rather than the rule. On the basis of a comparison between contemporary Middle Eastern Islam and Hinduism, it makes the hypothesis that outside of Europe, political theology can represent a factor of modernization. By un-secularizing the imported modernity brought by colonization, Islamic or Hindu political theologies contribute to the emergence of hybrid though autochthonous religious modernities. This hypothesis should account for the rise of politico-religious forms of militancy, the modern theories of the religious State but also regional dynamics of democratization (illustrated by the Arab Spring)
Monod, Jean-Claude. "La querelle de la sécularisation : un parcours dans la philosophie allemande, de Hegel à Blumenberg." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100120.
Full textChelly, Amélie-Myriam. "La sécularisation du chiisme et la République islamique d’Iran." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0003.
Full textSecularization is a process leading to a new state of facts, which is caracterized by an autonomization of the public sphere versus the religious one. This process also leads to a decline of religion. It is therefore the way Western social sciences define the concept of secularization: as a phenomenon, which is coextensive with Western modernity. Secularization, thus considered, is the full expression of disenchantment. However, the Iranian theocratic experiment initiated in 1979 makes the consideration of another definition of secularization necessary, or rather the extension of this concept: secularization can also be literally understood as a total application of otherworldliness into a secular and institutional sphere. This secularization of Shia Islam draws the outlines of a politicization of traditional religion into holistic ideological frameworks. This process is an "immanentization" of transcendent notions, such as the martyr figure or the notion of umma and creates confusion between the private and the public sphere, which is specific to modern socio-political ideologies. The secularization born out of theocratic ambition is now called into question in an unprecedented effort of reconsideration: henceforth, the failure of the theocratic model generates another type of secularization, which draws a distinction between the political and religious spheres. Post-khomeinist aspirations want to redefine some socio-political frameworks structured around the concepts of rights, dignity, pluralism and civil society. The experience of politicization of traditional Shia Islam is at the origins of a new blossoming of intellectuals, who articulate their approaches and commitments through the place to be given to Islam in the society, in order to save both religious and political spheres
Kageura, Ryohei. "Walter Benjamin et la sécularisation." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00712074.
Full textHildebrandt, Caroline. "Du Confidence-Man à Clarel : sécularisation et démythologisation dans l'oeuvre de Herman Melville (1857-1876)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0071.
Full textThis work offers a reading of Herman Melville’s later works, in order to delineate a philosophy of secularization in the author’s texts, while questioning the accuracy of the notion and its multiple theories. The texts chosen are The Confidence-Man (1857), the poetry collection Battle-Pieces (1866) and the long epic poem Clarel (1876). The analysis relies on Rudolf Bultmann’s hermeneutical theology and his key concept of “demythologization”, which consists of a skeptical reinterpretation of the biblical texts and the context of their reception, in order to uncover their existential basis. The analysis is supplemented by Hannah Arendt’s political philosophy and dialogues with the contemporary approaches of secularization, and finally with literary theory. The idea is to discern the religious, existential and political phenomenologies to be found in Melville’s texts, which revolve around a crisis of religious pluralism and major epistemic changes. The Confidence-Man explores the theological rhetoric of the American public sphere and its links with the structures of a nascent market capitalism. Battle-Pieces reveals the eschatological crisis that the Civil War represents, and expresses a criticism of the idea of civil religion. In Clarel, the genealogy of the links between theology and politics traces a total disjunction between the two plans, while enabling the performance of a type of political friendship between the characters, which arises as the unexpected outcome of their spiritual quest
Klopp, Richard. "The SOURCES OF SECULARITY. The Making of Charles Taylor's of Secularization." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25998/25998.pdf.
Full textBarbieri, Ester. "Modernità e trascendenza : Un'investigazione nel pensiero di Charles Taylor." Paris, EPHE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPHE5007.
Full textThe research concerns the thought of Charles Taylor and, more exactly, the comparison the author draws between Western modernity and religion. The philosopher reports the current conditions of morality and spiritual life under the features of the world he calls "secular age". His concern is to explain the reasons of a wide-spread decline of the religious faith during modernity: a new contesting of the faith that he imputes to a radical evolution of the human sensibility. Taylor accepts the category of secularization, while offering a revision of its meaning. Far from coinciding with a linear push of dissolution of the spirituality, this phenomenon would be, more profoundly, the root of the pluralism and fragmentation of our moral universe. The first part reconstructs the development of "exclusive humanism": a specifically modern vocation in a human realization completely anchored in the immanence. The second part tries to place the author’s position in the debate on the modernity and his diagnostic reading of the ambiguities of this cultural formation. In the third part, the study discusses the invocation on behalf of the author of a religious support to the modern commitments. The investigation ends with the suggestion of a persistent integration between Christianity and the modern western culture
Nguyen, Xuan Nghia. "Religion, Etat et Société : trente cinq ans de sécularisme, sécularisation et désécularisation chez les catholiques de Ho Chi Minh -Ville (1975-2009)." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20001.
Full textThis research analyses the tripartite relationship between: Religion – here the Catholicism of the South Vietnam and more particularly to Ho Chi Minh City – State and Society. But these relations register in the very particular circumstances. Since 1975, Vietnamese Catholicism was confronted to a double transition, that driving towards a socialist model, then since 1986, the one who, with resurgence “ Doi moi ”, introduced the capitalist market. The application of the paradigm of secularization revised with three dimensions (institutional, organizational and individual) in the analysis of these relations proves to be efficacious since intervene correlations between these dimensions and that the process of secularization is not a single-line, irreversible evolution. Research also announces us repercussions of international context at the same time as those of socioeconomic context on the religious culture of the country
Magnin, Anne-Marina. "La condition juridique des minorités religieuses : contribution à un état des lieux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0011.
Full textReligious minorities are numerous in the world; and their existence is often linked to tensions, discriminations and, even, social unrest. However, the - scarce - rules of international law relating to minorities don’t focus upon religious ones and don’t encompass specific regulations aimed ataddressing their specific needs, if any. The present doctoral thesis' first purpose is to identify what legally can be labelled a “religious minority”, including in the light of changes induced by secularized societies on the one hand, and globalization-related migrations on the other hand. The second part is devoted to legal regimes. It makes a survey of some - historical as well as still present - legal status in domestic as well as international law. And, finally, the thesis tries to identify the rules which could be considered as fitting the situation of religiously identified minorities in a country, in the interest of a better balance between autonomy and public order
Auffray-Seguette, Marie. "Les biens de ce monde : l'économie vue comme espace de recomposition de la religion dans la modernité." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0137.
Full textThe general goal is to identify, in modernity, the recomposition of religious universals. The observation relates to the economic sphere. The approach follows Max Weber's "disenchantment of the world" theory. But contrary to this theory, which presented capitalist economy as the end of religion, here the capitalist economy is seen as a space for religious recomposition. Religion is understood here as a way to establish social order upon a process of objectivation, which in turn would be based on an illusion of heterodetermination. This thesis intends to show that the recomposition of modem religion takes place along the same dynamics that are supposed to originate religious decline. These dynamics - the rationalisation movement, the autonomization of values and the rise of individualism-are successively considered as heirs of religious principles which turn the secularization movement against itself
Peker, Efe. "Une sociologie comparative et historique de la sécularisation : formation de l'état républicain en France (1875-1905) et en Turquie (1908-1938)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H082.
Full textThis dissertation features a comparative-historical examination of macrosocietal secularisation in France (1875-1905) and Turkey (1908-1938), with particular attention to their republican state building experiences. Bridging the literatures on secularisation theory (sociology of religion) and state formation (comparative-historical sociology), it is the purpose of this work to contribute to “historicising the secularisation debate” by scrutinising the “sociopolitical conflicts” involved in the making of macro-level secularisation (Gorski, 2003b, 2005). The existing literature often interprets different patterns of secularisation through voluntaristic perspectives (overemphasising the ideologies/beliefs of rulers and individuals) or deterministic lenses (anticipating civilisational or modernist path dependencies). To overcome the duality, this study provides a comparative-historical approach that investigates secularisation as a nonlinear, uneven, and dialectical process contingent upon the course of sociopolitical struggles and structural transformations. Differing from many other national states, why did France and Turkey converge to embrace secularism as a central principle and doctrine, based on an accentuated form of “separation” from and “regulation” of religion? What accounts for their divergence, that is, why did the “separation” aspect prove more dominant in French laïcité, whereas “regulation” came to be prominent in Turkish laiklik ? Resting on a rich array of archival and bibliographical sources, my analysis proposes to explain the convergence and divergence between France and Turkey through the interaction of “extra-religious” and “religious” sets of variables. The former set takes into account geographically specific class struggles/alliances, and dynamics of internal/external sovereign state building. The latter set explores the doctrinal/institutional configuration of dominant religions, and the situation of religious minorities. Highlighting the interplay of these “extra-religious” and “religious” dynamics, the dissertation offers an analytical framework to contribute to the social scientific understanding of secularisation/desecularisation beyond the French and Turkish cases. The highly contentious histories of France and Turkey reveal that secularisation is not merely about the conflict of ideational visions. Secularisation is also a concrete state building strategy operationalised through a combination of “separation” and “regulation”. As part of the struggle against religiously affiliated/legitimated sociopolitical contenders, these dual strategies are utilised by bourgeois-national state builders to bring about “differentiation”, “societalisation”, and “rationalisation” (Wallis & Bruce, 1992). While the strategy of separation “differentiates” (and transfers to the state) diverse social functions previously assumed by “religious authority” (Chaves, 1994), the latter’s remaining prerogatives are placed under the regulation of “societally” and “rationally” organised secular bureaucratic institutions. In this sense, secularisation is intimately linked to the consolidation of sovereign infrastructural power (Mann, 1984 ; Soifer, 2008) in “legalinstitutional”, “socio-educational”, “symbolic-ideological”, and “property-distributional” spheres. France and Turkey allow for a cross-religious and cross-regional comparison to crystallise the national and extra-national social forces and mechanisms that influence the ebbs and flows in the secularising process
Garnoussi, Nadia. "De nouvelles propositions de sens pratiques dans le domaine de l'existentiel : étude sociologique de la "nébuleuse psycho-philo-spirituelle"." Paris, EPHE, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00310980.
Full textSince the 1990s, France has been a number of social phenomena rooted in the realms of philosophy, “psychological culture” and spirituality. These phenomena have sought to satisfy an individualistic “quest for meaning” which clearly lies outside the classical religious paradigm. We have identified that these different phenomena foster a nexus (a nebula) defined as being of “psycho-philo-spiritual” nature. The discourses and works of those taking part, including philosophers (such as A. Comte-Sponville, L. Ferry, R. Pol-Droit, M. Onfray), magazines (Actualités des religions, Psychologies magazine), and spiritual organizations (the “Forum 104”, the “Ashram” of A. Desjardins, the “Centre Dürckheim”) reach a vast and cultivated public. Their different constructions of meanings allow us to measure the effect of a secularization that has become radicalized, most notably via the “disenchantment of secular institutions” (J. Baubérot, 2004). Thus this research reveals the creation of new beliefs fostered by non-religious phenomena (“practical” philosophy and psychology) which participate in the decomposition of religion in terms of comprehensive resources, into an imminent enterprise which is within reach of the general public. The psycho-philo-spiritual nexus reveals a double process with, on the one hand the affirmation of values produced by an individualist culture causing the collapse of the big symbolical systems and on the other hand, a certain homogenization of the construction of meanings – operating specifically via a generalization of a psychological lens making sense of the world and existence
Marongiu-Perria, Omero. "L'islam au pluriel : Étude du rapport au religieux chez les jeunes musulmans." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50377-2002-37.pdf.
Full textOmary, Zineb. "La sécularisation dans la pensée politique musulmane contemporaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1111.
Full textThe Muslim societies got involved in a process of secularization which remains still badly taken or badly acknowledged. This thesis sets out to be studying how the contemporary Muslim thinkers find or work out systems of thought which allow to think of this secularization.Separation of policy and religion still anchored in a religious dogmatism which the introduced authors try to slaughter across various intellectual stratagems. Typography set up in this sense allows to surround different approaches : historical, literary, epistemology and rationnel.Topics are then approached which introduce true stakes for secularization and which are a hard bet in test. Iran and Turkey are both practical models chosen to question this process of secularization within the Muslim societies
Schillinger, Marie-Laurent. "La question de Dieu aujourd'hui à Mulhouse : d'après une enquête faite auprès de jeunes foyers." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040316.
Full textSavarimuthu, Antony Samy. "Le statut canonique et civil d'une minorité religieuse en Inde : L'Eglise catholique et l'affirmation de l'identité nationale de l'Inde." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA111002.
Full textSilhol, Guillaume. "L’enseignement de la religion en Italie : institutionnalisation et pratiques d’une catégorie d’action publique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0469.
Full textThis dissertation proposes a contribution to the political sociology of institutions through a case study of institutionalization of “blurred” labor in Catholic religious education, a non-compulsory subject in Italian State schools. Based on qualitative data and archival research, this study deals with the social conditions of the conflictual requalification of formerly pastoral tasks of Catholic teachers in educative labor from the 1970s, through the politicization of “religious culture” as a professional mandate and as a need of the students. The requalification as a school subject is made possible by the domestication of expertise and legal resources by the structures and the agents of the Catholic church, and by the presentation of presentation of narratives of “success,” materialized by the rhetorical use of numbers on the “choice” to enroll
Bourdin, Bernard. "La médiation chrétienne : quelle altérité théologico-politique dans l’histoire ?" Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT5025/document.
Full textThe present work is laid out in three sections, each of which develops a part of the overall thesis. First section: the origin of political modernity has been the object of numerous philosophical interpretations. At the heart of these interpretations, the concept of secularization has proven to be as decisive as it is contentious. In order to put this concept to the test, this first section seeks to show the value of the hermeneutical fruitfulness to be found in Christian political theology, whose central notion is that of mediation; it does this on the one hand through the multiple paradigms of this latter, and on the other hand by confronting it with several twentieth-century political philosophies. The second section, which is the most important in terms of volume, sets out on a critical examination of the political theology of the jurist Carl Schmitt: to what extent does it offer elements which respond to questions concerning the adequacy of Christian political theology vis-à-vis the modern secular paradigm prevalent in today's political environment? to what extent does it lead to an impasse which needs to be obviated in order to work out a new way of relating Christianity and politics and historical thought? In order to answer this question [translator's note: these questions?], the third section adds various considerations. First of all, it proceeds with an investigation of Rosenzweig's philosophy exhibited in L'Etoile de la Rédemption [The Star of Redemption], notably with regard to his concept of people (Jewish or Christian). Secondly, it details the theories of Rosenzweig and Schmitt with regard to diverging agreement: the place of the Jew outside of history versus the place of the Christian within history. A concept which the two authors take in diametrically opposed directions. It is by taking the measure of these diverging agreements that one arrives at the conclusive thesis, namely the working out of a theory of “the political man”, can find room for flexibility, providing a link between religious transcendence and the autonomous and secular grounding of a political philosophy of democracy
Champ, Nicolas. "Religion et territoire : l' espace public entre présence confessionnelle et sécularisation dans la France du dix-neuvième siècle, le cas de la Charente-Inférieure (1801-1914)." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30032.
Full textFrom 1802 to the First World War, the religious fact’s status was drastically transformed in the French society. From a legal and public recognition by different cults accepted through the 18th germinal year X’s law, the assertion of the religion on the public space is declined from now by an unseen formula, a formula based on a religious competition, under the state’s control. It is the reason why the definition of the public space must be the most extensive as possible and must be composed at the same time of the administrative space, the physical space and the experienced one. These ones are tightly linked to one each other. The different changes of the religious influence in one of these domains will bring repercussions on the other ones. This study will take place in a region where coexist an ancient Protestant minority and a Catholic majority with as a solid reputation a reputation of weak religious ardour. This region is the Charente-Inférieure, a territory until now neglected by the historiography. The goal will be double. On one hand, the objective will be to demonstrate the differences between the Catholic and reformed Churches while underlining in particular the State’s and public administrations’ role with the regulation of these religions’ presence on the public ground. On the other hand, we will attempt to define how the Churches feel and react facing their reconsideration on the public ground, in face of the secularization of the communitarian spaces. While distinguishing analytically the administrative, material and experienced spaces, this study aims to re examine the chronology and ways of affirmation of the religions in the public French space
Gervais, Mathieu. "« Nous on se sauve nous-mêmes… ». Sécularisation et identité paysanne en France de 1940 à nos jours : le cas de l’agriculture paysanne." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE5053.
Full textWhat part does religion play in the practices of farmers concerned about the environment? To answer this question, we shall employ a sociological yet historical approach to the building of an activist peasant identity since the end of the 1940s. At the time, based on the philosophical perspective developed by Jacques Maritain, a new understanding of modernity influenced the peasant movement via the Catholic Action. In reaction to traditionalism, this approach soon gave way to a more personal and individual conception of peasant and Christian activism, providing a new impetus for the modernisation of rural areas while marginalizing the natural, political and social order inherited from Catholicism. Later, under the significant influence of a revised version of Marxism spread by Christian translators, some progressive farmers radicalised their political analyses and showed a growing interest in new battles and new social operators such as ecology. As a consequence, this new interest edged out religious institutions and their positions about nature. Yet, today, the intertwined political, social and economic conceptions–conceptualised all together in peasant-farming–still retain the mark of a religious heritage in an increasingly ethical way. This ethical stance considers the right to life a core value, and finds legitimacy in alternative farming approaches on the basis of the prevalence of spirituality over modern anomie. This topic brings together people from various horizons, such as farmers’ children, neo-rural individuals, Catholics, agnostics and spiritually diverse people
Rossi, Chiara. "Secolarizzazione e ricomposizione del sacro in Italia : il caso delle comunità parrocchiali della Garfagnana." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040028.
Full textThis study, included in the wider debate regarding the secularisation process, mainly focuses on the ways in which nowadays secularisation and de-secularisation can coexist in a specific context, convening, at times adding to each other, and thus generating, through a process of decomposition and recomposition of the sacred, unavoidable consequences on individual actions and collective dynamics. Through an ethnographic approach, based on inter-knowledge, on participant observation techniques and on numerous in-depth interviews, the research examines the ongoing changes within a transitioning rural universe, which is remodelling spaces and structures of its religious belief system. The research was carried out in a small valley in Northern Italy (Garfagnana) and the main focus of the study was the parish. In this context, this institution has been over the centuries an important reference point, not only for the religious universe but also for the civil community and still today represents the privileged means by which the church creates and maintains the networkof bonds with its worshippers. The analysis of the dynamics by which , within a parish community, these bonds are preserved, recreated and nurtured has led us towards understanding the catholic identity of this particular region, highlighting the modalities, the motivations and the consequences of religious beliefs, on both an individual and collective level, of the many categories of participants
Sinaeian, Masoud. "Du politique au rapport théologico-politique chez Carl Schmitt." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H211.
Full textThe present research aims to reconstruct the contours of Carl Schmitt's concept of the political and theological-political ideas. It also examines what these theological-political interventions may imply about his conception of the political, and the structure of the question of what belongs to politics in modern history. First, we present the different dimensions of the concept of the political within the framework of a history of German legal theory of the state. The concept of the political is formed above all in this context and finds its main distinctions here. We then analyze the concept of the political in order to reconstruct its internal logic and functions. We argue that this logic has a double aspect, based on dichotomies such as prince-people, state-society, representation-identity, and so on. Second, we examine some of the limitations of Schmitt's ideas in the context of his reflections on major questions of a theological-political nature as well as on some authors selected in that context. Finally, we analyze Schmitt's metaphorical approach to the theological-political question as well as the idea of an analogical structural relation between theological and juridico-political thought. We also deal with the potential relationship of these theological-political interventions in his conception of the political
Bah, Alioune. "Réception théologique et philosophique de l'islam en Europe à l'époque moderne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAC037.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to question the perceptions and the dominant theoretical representations of Islam in Europe. The temporal frame in which Islam invests is the modern period, since the end of the Arabic influence in Spain and the beginning of the territorial presence of Turkish in Europe until our period punctuated with laic demands. It tries especially to understand the various curves marking the evolution of influence and representation of Islam by showing solidarity with the theological and political stakes which are characterized in socio-historic, philosophic and in anthropological analyses. The orientation of the research has consisted in the emphasis of the theological and political quarrels which cross Europe and to estimate the Turkish influence in the European geopolitics from the XVIth century. From a theological point of view, the studies reveal that the Islamic subject is omnipresent in the oppositions between humanists and reformists, but also between these and the Catholics. The Christian apologetic vision develops this way as well in theology as a philosophy that introduces into religious analysis the question of natural rights and consequently that of the natural religion. Our investigations allowed discovering a set of judgments by putting in perspective Islamic philosophy of the Lights and in German philosophy as well. So, the link of Islamic faith and philosophy with the modern does not save questions of secularism normore globally does it spare secularization. If the political concerns in the Islamic environment show a different practice, the promotion of the individual and the reason are highlighted everywhere. The current context of the globalization arouses many questions. The basic questions are how to live together in a pluralistic society without the alienation of persons of different cultures and creeds. It crystallizes the reflection towards the reviviscence of ethics and responsibility by inviting the individual to move away of his or her reference universe or comfort zone into a constructive dialogue with others
Doria, Alessandra. "« Un oggetto considerabile di mondana politica » : Celibato del clero e critica illuminista in Europa nel XVIII secolo." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3014/document.
Full textMandatory clerical celibacy for all clergy within catholic countries has been discussed since the beginning of the Christian church. During the eighteenth century, it was increasingly taken into consideration from a political rather than strictly theological point of view. The purpose of this thesis is to reconstruct the creation, development and dissemination in Europe of a new way - secular and lay – of considering the obligation of the clergy to be unmarried that arose from the "crisis of the European conscience" and developed thanks to radical Enlightenment.Through the analysis and study of philosophical and political literature, this thesis reconstructs the debate on clerical celibacy which arose within the European Republic of Letters from the late seventeenth century up until the French Revolution, when the secularization of marriage allowed secular and regular clergy, women and men to get married. This approach has made it possible to account for the complexity of a debate that underlies the problem of the relationship between church and state and the articulation of the different ideological positions: from radical to moderate criticism; from the approach of observers inside the church – clerics or experts in canon law - who proposed cautious reforms to the complete refusal of the conservatives.The accusations levelled against chastity and celibacy by revolutionaries, the issue concerning "married priests" and many criticisms that still invest ecclesiastical celibacy have their roots in the eighteenth-century debate and the secular emancipation of the critical perspective from which radical Enlightenment started to consider the church and its rules
Husser, Anne-Claire. "Du théologique au pédagogique. Ferdinand Buisson et le problème de l'autorité." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0735.
Full textFerdinand Buisson did not only play a major role, as regards institutions, in the foundation of nondenominational education during the Third Republic, he was also both a talented observer of his time and a committed thinker, concerned with the intelligibility of the various causes he embraced throughout his long career as a public figure , from liberal Protestantism to radical- socialism. The coherence of his intellectual path may be apprehended through a clear issue: The question of authority. As a matter of fact, before considering it from an educational standpoint, Ferdinand Buisson had to face it acutely inthe stormy theological and ecclesiological context of the protestant community during the second half of the 19th century. He stood up vigourously for the”liberals” in their dispute against the “orthodox” concerning respectively, the status of the Scriptures and of conscience in the process of faith. As early as 1860, Ferdinand Buisson outlines an original interpretation of the protestant tradition, which he will later on develop in 1891 in his thesis about Sébastien Castellion. In the light of his protestant works, and in many respects, his philosophy of non-denominational education sounds like the secularized expression of a deeply religious inaugural gesture in refusal of authority, in its external conservative forms. Yet, far from simply expanding on a pre-existent essence, the continuity of this thinking only becomes clear through a continuous work of re-writing, induced from debates, opposing arguments and historical situations which Buisson endeavoured to reorientate with his accomplished sense of Kairos. Indeed, we have tried to apprehend those successive reorientations and realignments of Buisson’s ideal, starting from the very first days of non-denominational education to the first discussions relating to its democratization on the eve of the first World War
Sebban, Joël. "Aux sources de la tradition judéo-chrétienne : l'Etat-Nation, la synagogue et les églises chrétiennes en France de Napoléon à Vichy, 1806-1940." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H012.
Full textHow has the category “Judeo-Christian”, born in the Protestant exegesis in 19th century Germany, been able to gradually define a tradition, and even a civilization called "western" during the interwar period in Europe and the United States? We try to show that these different notions are derived from a complex process of a redefinition of the Jewish and Christian religions by the Nation-State, particularly the French and American nations which have separated Church and State and emancipated Jews on both continents for the first time. The Judeo-Christian tradition has neither been forged out of a reaction to Nazi anti-Semitism which denies Jesus' Jewishness nor soviet atheistic communism. They are neither the only result of a re-evaluation of the Jewish sources of Christianity limited to the field of biblical criticism. "Judeo-Christian" means much more than the term “Hebraic” or the idea of a “Jewish and Christian tradition”. In France, this hyphenation refers to the construction of an institutional equality between the Synagogue and Christian churches and to intellectual and sociocultural processes that accompany them: the connection between antique Judaism and Christianity is rediscovered under a particular prism that reattaches both religious communities to the republican values of the French state. The history of the Judeo-Christian tradition therefore opens a new perspective on the construction of French secularism and the secularization process on both sides of the Atlantic
Rossi, Chiara. "Secolarizzazione e ricomposizione del sacro in Italia: il caso delle comunità parrocchiali della Garfagnana." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368847.
Full textGuillemard, Eléna. "L'adieu aux ordres. Les sécularisations des religieuses au moment de la Réforme (France, Suisse, Angleterre, XVIe siècle)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3020.
Full textOut of the 200 or so women that I found who left the religious orders during the 16th century in France, Switzerland and England, certain life paths suggest the difficulty of adapting to the secular life, especially in terms of economy. Indeed, these women, often deprived of family support (they were able to leave against the will of their families because their exit threatened family legacies by reintroducing them as potential heirs), alone in the world for the first time, had to find the means for a secular adaptation. But their capacity for action was often limited: thus, on the one hand, noble women, such as Charlotte de Bourbon, the future Princess of Orange, left and regained their former social position, with the help of various networks of solidarity; on the other hand, less famous women, from families with various social backgrounds, faced the return to the world without any economic, friendly or family support. A question then arises as to the future of these women: what form does their secularization take? If Protestant and Catholic discourses acclaimed or condemned marriage, it would seem that only some of the women who had escaped from the cloister chose that path. Thus, these paths present multiple alternatives, between forming a conjugal home, obtaining pensions, annuities, or returning to their parents’ home. Through these paths, the former nuns invented their life itineraries, in a context of religious confrontations in which their status as former nuns constantly influenced and conditioned the modalities of their return to the world
Bardon, Aurélia. "Les arguments religieux dans la discussion politique : une théorie de la justification publique." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0011.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the role of faith-based reasoning in political discussion, and more specifically on the compatibility of public religious arguments with liberal and democratic premises regarding the justification of political decisions, i.e. decisions made in the name of the state. Public justification is a requirement of legitimacy in liberal democracy: but under which conditions is a decision publicly justified? Are all arguments valid? Religious arguments are often considered with suspicion: they are particular, therefore convincing for only some citizens and rejected by others. It seems unfair, for those who do not share religious beliefs, to use these arguments to justify political decisions. The same objection, however, is also true for many other non-religious arguments, like utilitarian arguments or liberal arguments themselves.The purpose of the dissertation is to examine different strategies aiming to justify the exclusion of certain arguments, and then to offer a new model of political discussion. The claim defended is that absolutist arguments, meaning arguments that are based on the recognition of the existence of an extra-social source of normative validity, do not respect the requirements of public justification and consequently should be excluded from political discussion. The distinction between absolutist and non-absolutist arguments does not overlap with the distinction between religious and secular arguments: it thus cannot be argued that all religious arguments should always be excluded, or that they could always be included
Amer-Meziane, Mohamed Aït. "Empire et sécularisme : les théologies politiques de l'orientalisme : des Lumières à Marx." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H213.
Full textHow did the boundary between a secular West and a theocratic Islam emerge? When did Islam appear as an impossible secularization, as a religious Law supposed to stem from its historical failures? This work is a history of this boundary of secular reason. It shows how the very concept of secularization emerged from a religious geography through a study of Nineteenth Century French and German Imperial Thought. It begins with the Enlightenment and the French Expedition in Egypt and studies Hegelianism as an early form of Secularism. It studies the mutations of this boundary through French Republicanism in its relation to Africa and through the German Imperial tradition in its relation to the Ottoman Empire
Joalland, Michael. "Isaac Newton et le désenchantement du cosmos : de l’iconoclasme en philosophie naturelle au XVIIe siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL025.
Full textIsaac Newton stated in his conclusion to the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687) : “Idolaters imagined that the sun, moon, and stars, the souls of men, and other parts of the world were parts of the supreme God, and so were to be worshipped, but they were mistaken.” The famed mathematician correspondingly observed in the conclusion of his treatise on Opticks : “And no doubt, if the worship of false gods had not blinded the heathen, their moral philosophy would have gone farther than to the four cardinal virtues; and instead of teaching the transmigration of souls, and to worship the sun, and moon, and dead heroes, they would have taught us to worship our true Author and Benefactor.” The modern reader may ask : Why conclude two treatises that are fundamentally mathematical in nature with these theological considerations?Part of the answer lays in an uncompleted manuscript by Newton titled “The Philosophical Origins of Pagan Theology” (Theologiæ gentilis origines philosophicæ), a treatise on the history of religions comprising more than 130.000 words on about 200 folios. Newton’s claim therein is that the cosmology of the Ancients was in essence theological since it partly proceeded from the belief that the souls of the deified ancestors of mankind had been projected into elements of the cosmos. This catasterisation of early men was, in Newton’s eyes, the actual origin of stellar animism, star worship, and astrology. Thus, the original fall of man into idolatry corrupted both true religion and the right understanding of natural philosophy, as the intrinsic animism of oriental cosmologies was the philosophical counterpart of pagan astrolatry. Restoring pure worship and true science required, therefore, that elements of the cosmos be first desacralized.In this work, I will first identify the sources and characterize the exegetical principles behind the treatise on Origins. I will then examine the Newtonian historiography of the origins and dissemination of pagan physicotheology, from the beginning of star worship in ancient Egypt to the emanationist doctrines taught by Medieval schoolmen. I will then show how Newton’s own system of the world presented itself as a disenchanted alternative to the animistic cosmological beliefs of the Ancients. I will eventually trace the roots of Newtons’s iconoclastic ethos which characterizes much of his theological and philosophical writings. To this end, I will consider the sources of influence that bore upon Newton’s upbringing in relation to the religious contentions which divided the Reformed milieu he grew up in. I will eventually argue that the author of the Principia meant indeed to desacralize the cosmos to meet the demands of an austere and uncompromising monotheism
Godefroy, Bruno. "Ordre et temps. Eric Voegelin, Karl Löwith et la temporalité du politique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3020.
Full textIn the chapter of the Social Contract on the death of the body politic, Rousseau emphasizes that its death is “the natural and inevitable propensity even of the best constituted governments”. Indeed, he continues, “if Sparta and Rome have perished, what state can hope to last for ever? If we want the constitution we have established to endure, let us not seek, therefore, to make it eternal”. Despite Rousseau’s warning, the tendency to make the political order eternal seems to be a pervasive phenomenon even in our time, as can be seen in the idea of an “end of history” that results from the combination of capitalism and liberal democracy, or in a Western model conceived as the realisation of the sole aim of history that only “delaying” powers would resist. These are examples of a “politics of time”, a concept that refers to a type of discourse contributing to the legitimization of the political order by giving a political meaning to its temporal dimension. Understood in this way, the problem of the “politics of time” cannot be addressed by focusing only on its recent developments, such as the “end of history” thesis, it is also crucial to understand these developments in the broader context of the relation between time and politics. Consequently, only a fundamental critique can put an end to the “politics of time”. The origin of the persistence of the “politics of time” has to be traced back to an essential problem that the political order is facing, namely the necessity to ensure its existence in time. The “politics of time” answers this problem by politicizing time and history, which can lead, in its most extreme form, to an eternisation of the political order that pretends to last for all time.Considering that this temporal conception of the political order is still widely present in many contemporary discourses, it would be insufficient to limit the critique to contemporary phenomena or to the extreme forms of the politics of time in modern ideologies, since precisely some proclamations of the end of ideologies tend to repeat the structure of the politics of time. It is therefore necessary to tackle the problem of the temporalisation of politics and politicisation of time as a whole. This is the only way to question the different occurrences of this kind of legitimising discourse.To achieve this, this study has two parallel aims. First, I begin by reconstructing a systematic account of the question of political time in order to highlight the main characteristics of the phenomena that are related to it. My second aim is to analyse Eric Voegelin’s and Karl Löwith’s works regarding their contribution to the systematisation of the problem, but first and foremost insofar as they offer an answer to it.Central to this work is the claim that Löwith and Voegelin not only develop a theory of the problematic relation between time and politics, but also defend a solution to tackle this problem. This problem, as they see it, is not restricted to their particular historical situation but remains of interest as an evolution of the concept of the political itself. Both Löwith and Voegelin are convinced that nihilism and the lack of any durable foundation must be overcome as such or, in other words, that it is necessary to overcome not only the temporalisation of the political order but also the attempts to “eternalise” it. The meaning and significance of Löwith’s and Voegelin’s projects appear clearly in this framework, as they can be seen as two attempts to dissociate the political from the temporal and, by reworking this relation, to prevent the relativisation of any durable foundation in the flow of time without, however, creating an artificial and absolute eternity
Déléage, Elsa. "Les droits de la personne selon l'Eglise catholique : Une consécration canonique mais polémique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030127.
Full textIt should demonstrate the originality of the papal position about human rights and focus on the following paradox: the creation and use of a specific concept by the Catholic Church "the rights" whereas it is built by borrowing tools including the secular law order. Indeed, it used the tools of Roman law, particularly its normative and territorial functioning. This contribution tries to identify the context in which human rights have emerged in catholic speech and in canon law. The factors and the issues contribute to understand the canon process of recognition by the Catholic Church. This work investigates three classic themes in public law: the scope of the rights involved, the persons, and finally the guaranties regime
Baylocq, Sassoubre Cédric. "Autorité religieuse et normes islamiques en contexte laïque : L’imâm Tareq Oubrou, les musulmans de Bordeaux et l’islam de France." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21914.
Full textNearly a quarter century after the great scholar of Islam Jacques Berque declared his wishful desire to one day see emerge a “French Islam”, there start to surface in Europe in general, and France in particular, pioneering theological and canonical works that ambition to revisit the Islamic tradition and propose new paradigms – although still based on the Islamic corpus – to the presence of Muslim minorities in a secular context. That is certainly the case for imâm Tareq Oubrou. After more than thirty years sharing the struggles of his community all over Western France, he set himself on the theological-canonical journey of reappraising his scriptural tradition, contextualizing it in and for the contemporary world, and reevaluating the normativity that classical Sunni thought has been promoting and promulgating for centuries. Beyond these endeavors, it is first and foremost the trajectory of a contemporary Muslim leader in France that will be investigated here with attention to the articulations of his thought in the concrete context of the daily practice of his function of imâm as reflected in his sermons, legal consultations, lectures, and conferences, etc. Special attention will also be given to the reception of such particular Islamic discourses and praxis by French Muslims, both locally and nationally. We suggest that the ethnographic method is the most adapted approach for reaching our research objectives
Poëti, Martin. "La Shoah, Mémorial de Sang refondateur des droits de l'homme : une lecture théologico-politique du XXe siècle." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4783.
Full textAs a reflection on human rights focused on the historical experience of the Holocaust, the dissertation looks at the status of religion in modernity. It is made up of three parts; genocide, the politics of modernity, and the history of salvation. The first suggests an interpretation of the Holocaust based upon categories borrowed from historiography, philosophical reflection, and theological tradition. It takes into account two readings of the Enlightment: the inversion of Christian theology towards Judaism in the twentieth century, the ideological sources of Nazism and the explosive time of the inter-war years. The second part of the thesis advances a theory of three ways of seeing modernity: those of France, America, and Vatican II, representing rival and divergent understandings of human rights. The third and final part takes the premises of the previous parts, but in the light of the Revelation, especially that of the Incarnation of the Cross. The Revelation is presented as a simultaneous revealing of God’s identity and human dignity – as an image in a mirror or as the definition of man being inseperable from that of God. In causing the collapse of Christendom, secularization has created an existential vacuum which could be filled by Nazism as a political religion and a neo-pagan ideology of substitution. Negating the election of Israel, the Ten Commandments and biblical anthropology, the Nazi project of destruction is understood as the willingness to eradicate the Transcendence and the Judeo-Christian Tradition, the liquidation of the Jewish God by the elimination of the Jewish people. Judeocide can thus be described as a “Moment in the History of Salvation” in that it conveys a moral message connected with the content of the Revelation which strongly and urgently calls out to modern consciousness. The Holocaust is thus a Kairos, an opportunity for clear reviews of the aporias of a kind of modernity generated by the Age of Enlightment, for an invitation to a transcendent rooting-anchoring of human rights, and for a renewal of theological-political thought, where religious freedom appears as the foundation. As a Memorial of Blood reengaging human rights, the witness of the Holocaust represents a warning and shows the need for of a biblical understanding of the person to preserve human dignity. The six million victims correspond to the creation of man on the sixth day. As a conclusion, a synergy is claimed between Hitler’s extermination (1941-1945), the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) as the three pillars of a new modernity, beyond the American (1776) and French paradigms (1789). The Shoah ushers in and lays the foundation of a new understanding of civilization. It points towards a new point of departure for the journey of modernity. The experience of genocide does not invalidate nor discredit modernity, but offers it up towards a new spiritual understanding. This understanding of fundamental rights offers a way of leaving behind and reconciling the historical crisis between God and liberty, human rights and Transcendence in Europe for the last two hundred years – which may equally be of use to non-western civilizations in their quest for a respectful modernity for their own cultures, compatible with their own faiths.
Phaneuf, Luc. "Le cardinal Paul Grégoire et l'Église de Montréal (1968-1990)." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8546.
Full textThe recent historiography on Catholicism in the Province of Québec has neglected the life and episcopate of Paul Grégoire, archbishop of Montréal from 1968 to 1990. Yet his episcopate covers a crucial period in the history of the Province and the Catholic Church. When he became archbishop of Montréal in April 1968, the Province of Québec was still in the midst of its Quiet Revolution, a period of growing change in mentalities and morals brought on by a rejection of the past and the rising tide of secularization and dechristianization. For its part, the Catholic Church was going through its own renewed identity process as a result of the Second Vatican Council which had ended December 1965. It is at the juncture of these two renewed identities that Archbishop Grégoire’s episcopate took shape. The prelate had to cope with many new challenges both on the external and internal fronts. Ad extra, he had to meet the challenges of a new social order extremely unfavorable towards his Church, particularly concerning the denominational school system. Ad intra, he had to implement the Council reforms throughout his diocese and in so doing encountered a great deal of resistance and much misunderstanding which sometimes led to crises casting doubt on his leadership. At the time of his retirement in March 1990, Cardinal Grégoire had seen the Catholic Church lose the greater part of its moral and spiritual influence on the Montréal and Québec societies. He had set out to mold the Church of Montréal according to his doctrinal orientation, his discipline and his style. Even while taking into consideration that his personality was not best suited for the task, we fail to see how he could have significantly countered the great opposing forces at work. The study of his episcopate clearly reveals this.