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Academic literature on the topic 'Sécurité des frontières – Aspect économique – Afrique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sécurité des frontières – Aspect économique – Afrique"
Leclerc, Véronique, Alexandre Tremblay, and Chani Bonventre. "Anthropologie médicale." Anthropen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.125.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Sécurité des frontières – Aspect économique – Afrique"
Ndong, Beka II Poliny. "Les activités transfrontalières illicites entre le Gabon, le Cameroun et la Guinée-Equatoriale. Logiques spatiales, acteurs et enjeux." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIML013.
Full textIllegal border activity between Gabon, Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea are the main topic of this thesis. These activities are defined as all activities contrary to various national and international legislation which authors and impacts across borders of several states. This thesis is a questioning of circumvention practices and lawlessness through an analysis on the illegal flow of people and goods. new practice at the border triangle Gabon/Cameroon/Equatorial Guinea, illicit cross-border activities are the work of a border population composed of three distinct stakeholders (local population, border guards and ground transportation) in common which is to be linked to the frontier by their place of residence and/or origin and by their professional activity. My analysis shows that the practice of illegal border activity follows two logics : economic survival (for the case of the local population) and social advancement (in the case of state agents and land carriers). Given this logic, the main hypothesis of this thesis is that the boundary - beyond being an interstate limit and because it induces differential - is a speculation tool to draw pecuniary profits. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to show that the transgression of the border allows the border population to obtain financial resources to be facing economic insecurity or otherwise socially establish its reputation
Le, Lann Yann. "Les frontières comptables du social : la protection sociale et le salaire dans la comptabilité nationale (1944-2010)." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100100.
Full textThe accounting standards of social protection have been confronted to a reform that deeply changes the economical meaning of social benefits. On the one hand, the ©NU’s standards of national accounting recognize pension as the patrimonial element of labor remuneration, on the other hand, Eurostat’s social protection accounts tend to integrate individual insurance inside the social sphere. Those evolutions, in their own way, put into crisis the definition of social protection based on the distinction of wage and social benefits. Built during the Keynesian hegemony on national accounting standards, this representation of social protection as an institution designed for income redistribution has been supplanted by a reinterpretation of social flux in the direction of commodification. In this context the separation of social benefits and wage has become more and more unclear. In order to understand the meaning of this contemporary reform of statistics, l aim in this PHD to bring out the crossover history of wage and social benefits standards. My research is based on archives of the institution which was responsible for the publication of national accounting since l944, on the analysis of handbooks of accounting standards and on scientific publications concerning social protection standards. Starting from the evolution of national and social accounts, I try to understand the rise, the management and the crisis of accounting boundaries between economic and social flux
Bertelli, Olivia. "Trois essais sur la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique Sub-Saharienne." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0072.
Full textDespite the emphasis put by the international community on the need to achieve food security, still today 795 million of people suffer from hunger, two thirds of whom live in rural areas. This thesis aims at shedding light on the determinants that cause households food insecurity in the Sub-Saharan context. The first part of this work illustrates the shortcomings of existing measures of food security and assesses the statistical validity of a multidimensional food security scale. Based on such statistical analysis, I, then, turn to a micro-econometric approach for investigating the role played by the number of children in granting household food security. Lastly, I explore whether household welfare related priorities, among which achieving food security, might explain the puzzling existence of negative profits in agricultural activities
Guillot, Fabien. "Les asymétries frontalières : essai de géographie sociale et politique sur les pratiques sociales et les rapports sociaux : Les cas États-Unis Mexique, Espagne Maroc, Israël Liban Palestine." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460936.
Full textBoulanin, Vincent. "De la défense à la sécurité : aspects économiques et enjeux politiques de la diversification des firmes européennes d’armement dans le domaine de la sécurité." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0161.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the geopolitical causes, the economic aspects and the political consequences of the diversification of the European arms industry into the realm of security. The objective was to study the so-called “defence-security continuum” at the industry level. The thesis is that arms producers are not only reacting to a growing demand for security goods and services, they actively take part in the definition and implementation of security policies to the extent that they can shape public demand for the latter. The argument is based on an original approach that combines the empiricism of the literature on arms production with the reflexivity of the constructivist literature on security policies in the IR discipline. Section I explains why arms producers had to diversify into the security realm in order to cope with the post-9/11 order. They had to find new growth drivers and they had to reinvent their legitimacy in a context where the landmarks of the defence community were eroding. Section II present empirical evidence on the diversification of the arms industry into the realm of security and analyse to what extent this is a complex phenomenon that cannot be analysed only through the opposition civil/military. Section III consists of two cases studies on border security and cyber-security; both show how arms produced have expanded their influence on the definition and implementation of public security policies
Tekebeng, Lele Télesphore. "Le système africain de sécurité et les opérations de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA014.
Full textThe demand and/or suggestion of an Africanization of peacekeeping in Africa should lead to the reform of the African security system. This is a normative and institutional reform aimed at giving a new orientation to the operational framework in order to enhancing the continent's contribution to the maintenance of international peace and security. This work has been carried out both at the regional level and at the regional economic community (REC) level, which are an integral part of the African peace and security architecture as built within and around the African Union. The most emblematic is for the AU to have a right of intervention where certain RECs, like ECOWAS, have already taken initiatives to respond to the most diverse crises including the genocide. On the whole, this is a significant step forward in the system thus put in place. However, it is difficult to see a typical African model of peacekeeping operations, as it is true that the two segments, operational organization and deployment, reveal a heteronormativity and a multi-institutional deployment. This is probably due to the fragility of certain state actors, which hampers any effort to build a strong Community security system, which in addition requires measures to (re) build the state, supported by international institutions, Starting with the first - the United Nations
Loubelo, Enoch. "Impact des produits forestiers non ligneux (PFNL) sur l’économie des ménages et la sécurité alimentaire : cas de la République du Congo." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20008/document.
Full textThe non-timber forests Products (NTFP) are part of natural resources of which the Congolese population has recourse to diversify its productive activities and to improve its income. These products are essential part of various menus; they guarantee the diversity, the quality, and the access to foods to a greater majority of the population. The lack of systematic information enabling to evaluate the contribution of NTFP to the income of households and to the improvement of food security, the lack of official programs of management and the promotion of these products constitute one of the obstacles to the prosperity of the NTFP sector and the improvement of the living standard of the people.The present work is aimed at analyzing in a global way and for the first time in the Republic of the Congo, the contribution of NTFP to food security. It covers the aspects related to the definitions of NTFP, to their classification in NTFP of vegetable origin and NTFP of animal origin, to the institutional context; it identifies the main stakeholders mainly the group of socio- economic actors involved in the exploitation and management of NTFP at the local level, the modes of exploitation and their impacts on the natural environment; the fields of commercialization enabling to fully understand the export products have been alternatively analyzed . A great important part of the study is devoted to the contribution analysis of the NTFP to the food diet of the Congolese people. This work highlights the main difficulties and obstacles of the social, institutional, commercial order and management which hinder the normal development of the NTFP sector